Bacteria and Viruses Chapter 23 and 24. Bacteria are bigger than viruses Viruses can infect bacteria –bacteriophage Bacteria grow in colonies We culture.

Bacteria and Viruses

Chapter 23 and 24

• Bacteria are bigger than viruses

• Viruses can infect bacteria – bacteriophage

• Bacteria grow in colonies

• We culture bacteria on an agar gel in a petri plate

• ANTIBIOTICS- work only BACTERIA!

• 3 shapes: cocci (sphere), bacillus (rod shaped), spirillum (spiral- shaped)….

• MRSA- • MRSA infection is caused by

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria — often called "staph." MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It's a strain of staph that's resistant to the broad-spectrum antibiotics commonly used to treat it. MRSA can be fatal.

• H. pylori- gets thru acid and causes stomach ulcers• E. Coli- in excrement (toxins)• Salmonella- uncooked eggs (toxins)• Strepococcus Aureus- strep throat • Clostridum botulinum- Botulism- Botox • Lactobacillus- make yogurt• Bacillus anthracis- Anthrax • Treponema Pallidum- Syphillis• Borrelia burgdorferi – Lyme disease • Clostridum Tetanus- skin wound- nerve• Page 472

Anti-biotics

• Penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 by accident

Antibiotics

• Bio- means “living”

• Viruses are NOT alive

• Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections

• Bio- means “living”

• Viruses are NOT alive

• Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections

• Bio- means “living”

• Viruses are NOT alive

• Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections

• Bio- means “living”

• Viruses are NOT alive

• Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections

• Bio- means “living”

• Viruses are NOT alive

• Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections

• Bio- means “living”

• Viruses are NOT alive

• Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections

Antibiotics

• Bio- means “living”

• Viruses are NOT alive

• Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections

Antibiotics

• Bio- means “living”

• Viruses are NOT alive

• Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections

• Bio- means “living”

• Viruses are NOT alive

• Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections

• Ex. Erythromycin, Ampecillin,

List of common antibiotics

• Penicillin – interrupts building of cell wall

• Tetracylcine- blocks protein synthesis

• Erythromycin

• Clindamycin

• Amoxicillin

• Ampicillin

• Bacitracin

Viruses

• Are not considered ALIVE, because they have to be inside of a host cell to reproduce….

• However they do have DNA and RNA

Viral structure

Viral Infections

• Chicken Pox- shingles (herpes family)• Small pox- cow pox• Genital Herpes/ cold sores• Viral hepatitis• HIV which causes AIDS• Ebola Virus- hemorrhagic fever• Hanta virus- mice/rodents- pneumonia• SARS- civet cats• Influenza

Tattooing

• One of the dangers of getting tattoos is getting Hepatitis- C which is caused by a virus

• http://www.5min.com/Video/How-Tattoos-Are-Made-11919

Hepatitis - C Virus

• Infects the liver and can cause death

History of vaccines

• Small pox has been around since at least 1350 BC

• 1022 BC- Buddhist nun- “variolation” people that survived smallpox would never get it again- grind up scabs and blow powder

• 2-3% disastrous- 10 fold improvement

• Edward Jenner- 1790’s realizes that people that work w/ cows… develop cowpox… but not the deadly smallpox

• So he took pus from a cowpox lesion on a milkmaid and injected an 8 yr old boy- then exposed him

• VACCINE comes from the latin word vaca which means?

Vaccines • To make a vaccine you take a tiny bit of

the dead (inactive virus) and you inject it into a healthy person

• Then the person’s T cells then are able to recognize, and destroy the invaders before they get too far

Anti-viral meds

• Are used for specific viruses

• They don’t destroy the virus- they just inhibit their development. (Like making changes so that the virus cannot get into the cell)

• ONLY CURE- your own body’s defenses!

How do I know if…

• It’s a Viral Infection ….

• Or Bacterial Infection…..

Viral Symptoms

• In general, viral infections are systemic. This means they involve many different parts of the body or more than one body system at the same time; i.e. a runny nose, sinus congestion, cough, body aches etc.

• They can be local at times as in viral conjunctivitis or "pink eye" and herpes.

• Only a few viral infections are painful, like herpes.

• The pain of viral infections is often described as itchy or burning

Bacterial Symptoms

• localized redness, heat, swelling and pain. • local pain, pain that is in a specific part of the

body. Ex.) Cut with bacteria?, pain will occur at the site of the infection.

• Bacterial throat pain is often characterized by more pain on one side of the throat. An ear infection is more likely to be diagnosed as bacterial if the pain occurs in only one ear

• A possibly infected cut that produces pus and milky-colored liquid is most likely infected

Impetigo