Backbone Planning & OSP Solution(Training Slide)V3.0
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Contents
Name Backbone Planning & OSP Solution (Training slide) V3.0
Purpose To provide basis concept for the client regarding the backbone planning and OSP solution
Audience
Contents • Why backbone need to be discussed• Case study• Consideration for the backbone planning• Fiber cable solution• OSP solution
Guide of Usage
• This slide will be updated every year• The information contained could also be modified according to different markets with different
strategies or be optional based on customers’ background and interest• Please contact authors if you need any assistances
Version InformationVersions Descriptions Authors Co-Authors Release dept.
V3.0 2011.10.15 1st release Caoxiang
00062456
ODN planning and engineering technology dept.
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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23/4/8
ODN Network Planning & Engineering Dept.
Backbone Planning & OSP Solution(Training slide)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 4
I Why Backbone & Fiber need to be discussed ?
IV Fiber cable solution
III Consideration for the backbone planning
Contents
II Case study
V OSP solution
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 5
Voice, mobile, IP & data, broadband, video,…
Connecting all core equipments
Connecting different region
Local network & long distance network, Metro & long haul ,voice network & IP network, mobile network & fixed network, etc
Voice exchange, mobile exchange, IP core exchange & router, etc
Service between the different region need to be connected
Backbone is the core transmission platform for all service, it is connecting every thing:
Why Backbone & Fiber need to be discussed ?
Connecting different network
Supporting each service
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 6
For the last 20 years, it is observed the bandwidth requirement for personal use has been increased from 10kb for the voice service or mobile up to 20M for the FTTH service, and time duration is also increased from several minutes to several hours.
Fixed phone to GSM, dialing internet, ADSL, 3G, FTTx, etc
Challenge faced to backbone, can not support service without expansion
Why Backbone & Fiber need to be discussed ?
Service type increased dramatically
Service requirement booming
SMF G.652, G.655, G.657 fiber developed , and SDH, DWDM, MSTP, ASON, PTN technologies widely deployed
Fiber Technologies development
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 7
Existing MPT Transmission Network
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
CORE
Met
ro
BackboneYGN-NBD-MDL
YangonSDH network
ACCE
SS
BTS BTS BTS
SDHSDH
SDHMW
SDH SDH
E1 E1
NPTSDH network
SDHSDH
SDHMW
SDH SDH
MDLSDH network
SDHSDH
SDHMW
SDH SDH
NE40E
NE40E
NE40E
BTS BTS BTS
E1E1
Fiber Fiber
MW
MW
MW
MOD Leased Line
Province 1
Province 2
Province 3
Province 4
Province 5
PDH PDHPDH PDH
MicrowaveMicrowave
WDM BWS 1600G
BTS
Microwave
• Existing Transmission Network is composed of DWDM backbone, Metro SDH and MW systems.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 8Page 8
DWDM Backbone Network Information:
1. 11 sites from Yangon to Yatanarpon. Fiber is leased from railway fiber.
2. Two lambdas are launched in DWDM system, one 10GE (For IP Core
Router main link) and one 2.5G (For SDH).
Network Running Status
1. Multi service access: This system can provide E1/STM-1/FE/GE service
among Yangon/Naypyitwa/Mandalay three cities.
2. The system runs stable under big fiber loss in this system.
3. After service commercial launch, around 1 year running, there is no
hardware and software failure. System is running stable.
Existing Network Report -DWDM Backbone
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 9HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Challenge : Limited Network Bandwidth
1. BSC delivered and installation finished in Mon state and Ayeyarwady , it can only standby due to no transmission resource support
2. Transmission is bottleneck for whole network expansion
Standby BSC (Mon, Ayeyarwady )
Page 9
Microwave Link
Existing Fiber
Planning Microwave Link
Leased Line
Pyapon
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Challenge 2: Frequent Fiber Cut
1. Fiber Link topology without Fiber protection
2. Microwave bandwidth is easily to be affected by weather
Page 10
Service interrupted due to no protection
No. Date SegmentInterruption
Period
1 8/11/2010 Kyaukse-Mandalay 7.5 hours
2 8/12/2010 Penwegone-Tangoo 9 hours
3 8/12/2010 Pyawbwe-Kyaukse 24 hours
4 8/21/2010 Penwegone-Tangoo 2 hours
Microwave Link
Existing Fiber
Planning Microwave Link
Leased Line
Pyapon
Fiber Cut
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Jan-11 Feb-11 Mar-11 Apr-11 May-11
Date
Fib
er
cu
t ti
mes
Fiber Cut
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 10
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 11
I Why Backbone & Fiber need to be discussed ?
IV Fiber cable solution
III Consideration for the backbone planning
Contents
II Case study
V OSP solution
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 12
China Telecom National Backbone: 8X8Y FOC Backbone Program
Program Background:
Reformations and economy development required more telecom resource to support from 1980s
Limited circuit in the whole country. LDD is less than 100K using analogy exchange in the middle of 80s
Fiber & PDH Technology just started to scaled use in developed country
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 13
China Telecom National Backbone: 8X8Y FOC Backbone Program
Program Briefing: National information highway Program: Sponsored by China Planning & Developing Ministry, Managed by China MPT, covering whole country, connecting all Province capitals & metropolitan. Great Planning: Total 48 projects included, more than 80,000 kilometer FOC in different regions , consisting 8 east-west links and 8 north-south links, plus additional branch links to connect all metropolitan & important city. DXC equipments adopted to increase the network safety by taking advantage of mesh topology. Advanced Technology: SMF & 140M PDH adopted in the early 90s, SDH & DWDM also adopted to make the program keeping the same pace with world in the aspect of technology. Time & Cost: 15 years from1986 till 2000 with cost of 17billion RMB.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 14
China Telecom National Backbone: 8X8Y FOC Backbone Program
Planning Principle: The backbone should support the development for 20~25 years. Capital cities are connected by 8 east-west backbone links and 8 north-south backbone links, forming the matrix network topology Other metropolitan & important cities are connected by branching links, Express links are also configured by laying the direct FOC cable if huge capacity required between tow cities . With the branching & express links , the higher safety and stability achieved by the mesh network. The main routes are along the road and highway to facilitate the maintenance Flexible Distance between sites: 25Km~70Km distance make it easy to allocated the site in the city to facilitate maintenance G.652 Fiber for most links except G.653 fiber adopted for the 6 cores between Beijing & Guangzhou Aerial cables are adopted to meet the urgent requirement of capacity, and later direct buried cable or duct cable also laid to improve the safety. HDPE ducts were laid with additional spare pipe for the future expansion. Total Length : 8X8Y: 56000KM, Branching & Express links: 23000KM
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 15
China Telecom National Backbone: 8X8Y FOC Backbone Program
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 16
China Telecom National Backbone: 8X8Y FOC Backbone Program
Achievements: Telecommunication evaluated to fully digital & optical technologies because of this backbone, whole country and economy beneficiated from the program by providing more than hundreds time capacity(100K circuit to 4M circuit). More potential for upgrade & expansion was kept to launch new service timely (2~8 core occupied, other 40~100 core spared). To some extend, new service, new operator , whole telecom industry, even telecom reformation were supported by this Backbone: China Telecom became the largest fixed telephone operator as well as china mobile became the largest GSM operator. Even today the FOC backbone is still in service, the fiber can support upgrade and expansion to10G DWDM service without any civil work cost. More backbone links are also launched since then by the same planning principle . Till 2007, the total length of fiber cable is more than 5.7M kilometer to support the whole county go into broadband era.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 17
China Telecom National Backbone: 8X8Y FOC Backbone Program
Lesson learned from 8X8Y FOC Backbone Program
As the physical infrastructure for all kinds of services like Voice, video, mobile, IP service & data, etc, the backbone should plan with enough capacity for the current service as well as for the future of 20 ~ 25 years at least in advance. Till now the fiber cores are still in service after 10~15 years, and other spare cores are also available. New Service & Advanced technology should be taken into account to support future service. (3G, FTTx, DWDM, PTN, etc) The G.652D Fiber can support 10G DWDM, G.655 cost is much high, both can support the 40G by using DCM, so it is suggested to adopt G.652D for general deployment, while for G.655 it is suggested take complete consideration. The safety can be improved by the ring protection & mesh protection technologies. Aerial cable can be deployed for the backbone for fast implementation, while direct bury & duct laying could be much more safe. The aerial cable and underground cable can be spared to each other to increase the physical safety.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 18
I Why Backbone & Fiber need to be discussed ?
IV Fiber cable solution
III Consideration for the backbone networking
Contents
II Case study
5 Suggestion for the V OSP solution
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 19HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 19
Backbone Design Principle
Good design for future, easily scalable› Fiber Network is scalable, and can expansion by just adding cards unit,
subrack without civil work
• Smart design for TCO› Reuse microwave for different phase to save Capex› End to end maintenances and service deployment to save the Opex
• Deployment can be step by step, the initial cost is low › Fiber technology can Provide huge bandwidth› Fiber Network capacity can reach 100G * 80Lambda = 8T
Easy Expansion, Reliable, and Future Oriental
High Reliability
Cost Effective
Evolution
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 19
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 20
Proposed Target National Fiber Backbone for MPT
Targeted Logical Topology
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 20
Targeted Physical Topology
Yangon Bogo
MawlamyaingDawe Myeik
Loikaw
Taunggy
Taungoo
NPT
Meikti l a
Sagaing Mandalay
Pathein
Phyarpon
Magway
Bagan
Myi tkyina
Lashi
CenterRing
NorthRing 2
EastRing 2
WestRing 1
Ring
WestRing 2
Pye
SEA ME WESubmarine
Microwave
Ta-kaw
Si ttwe
Hakha
Thandwe
NorthRing 1
EastRing 1
EastRing 3
Putao
Hkam
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 20
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 21
Step-by-step Deployment Strategy--Aligning with mobile services plan
Start from center ring (red color), cover main cities of center Myanmar. Create Ring topology for high reliability Microwave for rural area Finish 1st phase within 2011 years to support 4M users.
Construct North, West ring, east ring , cover most provinces Move existing microwave to other provinces Finish 2nd phase within 2013 years to support 30M users.
Construct Fiber to cover the whole country to Realize whole country coverage Finish 3rd phase within 2015 years.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 21
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 22
Step 1: Fiber Network Connect Core Nodes
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 22
Note:1. Start from center ring , cover main cities of center Myanmar.2. Realize Ring protection for core sites3. Other areas such as Myikyina , sittwe etc connect to core nodes by Microwave first4. Network Capacity ability in core site is 10G * 80 = 800G
Yangon
Bogo
Mawlamyaing
Taungoo
NPT
Meikti l a
Sagaing Mandalay
Pathein
Magway
Bagan
Myi tkyina
CenterRing
Pye
Lashio
Pyapon
Si ttwe
Hakha
Taunggy
Loikaw
Thandwe
Ta-kaw
Estimate Fiber Length: 2910 KM
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 23
Step 2: Construct North, West Ring
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 23
Note:1. Construct North, West ring, east ring, cover most provinces2. Realize ASON protection for Mesh topology, which realize high reliability to against multi fiber cut3. Network Capacity ability in core site is 40G * 80 = 3.2T
Estimate Fiber Length: 7130 KM
Yangon Bogo
MawlamyaingDawe Myeik
Loikaw
Taunggy
Taungoo
NPT
Meikti l a
Sagaing Mandalay
Pathein
Phyarpon
Magway
Bagan
Myi tkyina
Lashi
CenterRing
NorthRing 2
EastRing 2
WestRing 1
Ring
WestRing 2
Pye
SEA ME WESubmarine
Microwave
Ta-kaw
Si ttwe
Hakha
Thandwe
NorthRing 1
EastRing 1
EastRing 3
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 24
Step 3: Fiber Network Cover Whole Countries
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 24
Note:1. Fiber Network cover whole countries2. Realize ASON protection for Mesh topology, which realize high reliability to against multi fiber cut3. Network Capacity ability is 100G * 80 = 8T
Yangon Bogo
MawlamyaingDawe Myeik
Loikaw
Taunggy
Taungoo
NPT
Meikti l a
Sagaing Mandalay
Pathein
Phyarpon
Magway
Bagan
Myi tkyina
Lashi
CenterRing
NorthRing 2
EastRing 2
WestRing 1
Ring
WestRing 2
Pye
SEA ME WESubmarine
Microwave
Ta-kaw
Si ttwe
Hakha
Thandwe
NorthRing 1
EastRing 1
EastRing 3
Putao
Hkam
Estimate Fiber Length: 8250 KM
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 25
Reference 1: Vietnam National Backbone Experience
Page 25HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 25
Hanoi
Danang
HCMH
Vietnam Mobile Penetration
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
2008Q1 2008Q2 2008Q3 2008Q4 2009Q1 2009Q2 2009Q3
Capacity: 10G/2.5G per lambdaNodes: 5 Core NodesWavelength: 4Lambda
Step 1 (before 2006)
Capacity: 10G per lambdaNodes: 12 Core NodesWavelength: 14Lambda
Step 2 (2006~2008)
Capacity: 40G/10GNodes: 26 Core NodesWavelength: 32 Lambda
Step 3 (2009~now)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 26
Reference 2: Laos National Backbone Experience
Phase 1(2006~2008): Construct national Backbone Fiber to cover main cities with Link topology Phase 2(2008~2010): Create new fiber to make Ring structure to make network more reliable Phase 3(2010~ now): Build more fiber to cover the whole country
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 26
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 27
I Why Backbone & Fiber need to be discussed ?
IV Fiber cable solution
III Consideration for the backbone networking
Contents
II Case study
5 Suggestion for the V OSP solution
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 28
Classification of Optical Fibers
Mostly used in the drop cable section of the ODN in FTTH Most popular: G.657A
Better bending feature compared with the G.652 single-mode optical fiberMore suitable for the complex and small-space scenarios
Bending loss insensitive optical fiber (single-mode, for access network)
G.657
Long-haul transmission at 1550 nm(backbone network, submarine communications, DWDM)
Normal dispersion coefficients at the wavelength range between 1460 nm and 1625 nm Use in S, C, and L bands
Non-zero dispersion shifted optical fiber with an ultra small dispersion slope
G.656
Long-haul transmission at 1550 nm(backbone network, submarine communications, DWDM)
Low dispersion and attenuation at 1550 nmNon-zero dispersion shifted optical fiber
G.655
Submarine communicationsZero dispersion at 1310 nm, minimal attenuation and high dispersion at 1550 nm
Cutoff shifted optical fiberG.654
Due to FWM in WDM system, Gradually obsolete.
Zero dispersion and low attenuation at 1550 nm, larger-capacity long-haul transmission
Dispersion shifted optical fiberG.653
Long-haul backbone network, MAN, access network, and ODN
Zero dispersion and low attenuation at 1310 nm, wide applications as the standard single-mode optical fiber (SMF)
Non-dispersion shifted single-mode optical fiberG.652
Campus network, LAN and other short-distance transmission scenarios
Big attenuation, short transmission distance, operating wavelength of 850 nm or 1300 nm
Multi-mode optical fiber
G.651
ApplicationsCharacteristicsDescriptionModel
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 29
G657A/G652D G652D G652D/G655 G654/G655
Submarine networkAccess network MAN Land long-haul network
Application Scenario of Optical Fibers
Because DCM(dispersion compensation module) developed, cost of G652D with DCM is much lower than G655 for DWDM, so G652 fiber is the best for DWDM system.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 30
Fiber name and bending radius1 、 Fiber type IEC vs ITU-T
=B4B6
B1.3B1
IEC ITU-T
=
==Fiber type
Standard
G655G657(A,B)
G652.DG652(B)
Fiber typeFiber typeFiber type
2 、 Differences between G652D vs G657ITU-T G.652D G.657A1 G.657A2 G.657B2 G.657B3
MFD at 1310nm um 8.6~9.5±0.6 8.6~9.5±0.4 6.3~9.5±0.4
Macro bendingloss
Radius (mm) 30 15 10 15 10 7.5 15 10 7.5 10 7.5 5 Number of turns 100 10 1 10 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 Max.at 1550nm (dB) - 0.25 0.75 0.03 0.1 0.5 0.03 0.1 0.5 0.03 0.08 0.15 Max.at 1625nm (dB) 0.1 1.0 1.5 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.25 0.45
Chromatic dispersion
Zero dispersion wavelength 1300-1324 1300-1324 To be discussed
Zero dispersion slope ps/(nm2•km) 0.092 0.092 To be discussed
PMD coefficient ps /√ km(M=20,Q=0.01%) 0.2 0.2 To be discussed
According to latest ITU-T Rec. G.652 and G.657
Because of the MFD difference, compatibility of G657B fiber is not as good as G657A fiber, so G657 fiber is best for drop and indoor.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 31
Evolution of G65X Fibers
G.651multi-mode
G.651multi-mode
Single-mode laser resource was developed G.652
Sing ModeG.652
Sing Mode
Move zero dispersion point from the 1310 nm window to the 1550 nm window.
G.653 SMG.653 SM
G.655 SMG.655 SM
Change dispersion at 1550 nm, and restricted the four-wave mixing (FWM), so as to can operate for DWDM system.
G.654 SMG.654 SMG.657 SMG.657 SMImproved the bending performance.
Move cut off wavelength from 1260nm to 1450nm, Reduce attenuation at 1550nm.
G.655 only work at 1550nm, the cost of fiber, component, dispersion compensation are also higher.
G.652D, working at 1310nm & 1550nm, is more suitable compared with G.655 due to nearly same performance but lower cost.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 32
Supports a rate of 10 Gbit/s and a maximum transmission distance of 3000 km.
Evolution of G652 & G657 Fibers
G.652SM
G.652SM
G.652AG.652A
G.652BG.652B
Supports a rate of 10 Gbit/s a transmission distance of 400 km G.652CG.652C
G.652DG.652D
G.652D combines the advantages of G.652B and G.652C, and is the most widely commercial used optical fiber
G.657G.657
G.657AG.657A
Further improved the bending performance.
Better bending performance compared with G652D, Same MFD, attenuation, PMD and dispersion with G652D.
Good compatibility with G.652D.
Greatly reduced the attenuation coefficient at 1550 nm, and eliminated the water peak at 1383 nm.
G.657BG.657BBest bending performance, but bad compatibility with G.652D because of MFD difference. ; no so popular as G657A fiber used only as the patch cord
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 33
Main Parameters of G652D&G657A Fibers
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 34
OFC and Applications
Outdoor Optical Cable
Indoor Optical Cable
Indoor drop cablesmall bend radius
Ductsingle jacket
Aerialfigure-8/ADSS, self-support
Air-blownsmall size, light weight
Indoor Horizontal/Vertical distributionHigh capacity, dry core, flame retardant
Direct buriedDual-jacket, armor
Aerial drop / Duct dropsmall bend radius
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 35
Optical Cable Features (IEC requirements)
Good anti-tensile, anti-crush, anti-impact, anti-bend and anti-twist performance to facilitate deployment of optical fibers under various complex application environment
Highly waterproof, moisture-proof, anti-lightning, anti-rodent, high/low-temperature resistant under various application environment or climate
Mechanical
Environmental
OpticalCable provides protection to optical fiber. Optical transmission performance, such as attenuation, chromatic dispersion, PMD, cutoff wavelength and minimum bending radius
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 36
Indoor, outdoor, outdoor-indoor
By location in the network
By cable core structure
Aerial, duct, directly-buried, submarine, micro duct air-blown
Backbone cable, Feeder cable, distribution cable, drop cable
Stranded loose tube, uni-tube, slotted core
Optical cables can be classified from the following dimensions:
Classification of Optical Cables
By installationmode
By application
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 37
Optical Fiber Cable Structure
⑵ ArmorFunction: anti-crush, anti-rodentMaterial: Steel tape or glass yarn tape
⑷
FillerFunction: Keep the cable to be circleMaterial: PP
⑹
Filling compoundFunction: Protect fiber and block water ingressMaterial: Jelly
⑺ PBT loose tubeFunction: Basic optic unitMaterial: polybutylece terephthalate (PBT)
⑸
RipcordFunction: Rip the cable sheathMaterial: Polyester yarn
⑴
Cable sheathFunction: Protect optic unit Material: Polyethylene, LSZH
⑶ Aluminum tapeFunction: Moisture proof
⑺PBT loose tube⑻Optical fiber⑼Peripheral strength member
⑷Filler⑸Rip cord⑹Filing compound
⑴ Polyethylene sheath ⑵ Armor
⑶Aluminum tape
⑽Central strength member⑾Water blocking tape
⑼
Peripheral strength memberFunction: Anti-tensileMaterial: Kevlar(aramid yarn) or glass yarn
⑽ Central strength memberFunction: Anti-tensileMaterial: FRP(fiber reinforced plastic) or steel wire
⑻ Optical fiberFunction: Transmit optic signal
⑾ Water blocking tapeFunction: Block water ingressMaterial: Swellable polyester tape
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 38
Appendix- Rules for Optical Cable Naming
No symbol: Metal reinforcement
F: Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)
2 Reinforcement
3 Structure characteristicsD: Ribbon structure
G: Slotted core structure
X: Unit tube structure
T: Jelly filled structure
C8: Fig-8,Self-supporting structure
No symbol: dry core
Z: Fireproof structure
4 Sheath
Y: PE sheath
A: APL armor + PE sheath (A sheath)
S: PSP armor + PE sheath (S sheath)
J: Tight buffer
H: Low Smoke Zero Halogen sheath
33: Steel wires armor + PE sheath
53: PSP armor + PE sheath
63: Aramid-yarn + PE sheath
83: Glass tape armor + PE sheath
5 Outer sheath
54: PSP armor + PE sheath + nylon
73: Glass yarn + PE sheath
Number of fibers
6 Number of fiber cores
A1a: 50/125 multi-mode optical fiber
A1b: 62.5/125 multi-mode optical fiber
B1.1: G.652B single-mode optical fiber
B1.3: G.652D low water-peak single-mode optical fiber
B4: G.655 single-mode optical fiber
7 Fiber type
B6:G.657,Bending-insensitive single-mode optical fiber
GY: Outdoor optical cable
GJ: Indoor optical cable
GJY: Outdoor-indoor drop cable
GCY: Micro cable for airblown
GJP: Indoor, distribution cable
GJX: Indoor, flat shape cable
1 Classification
Classification
1
Reinforcement
2
Structure characteristics
3
Sheath
4
Outer sheath
5
Number of fibers
6
Fiber type
7
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 39
GJXFH
GJYXFCH
ADSS
GYXTZY
GJPFJH
GCYFTY
GYFTC8Y
GYFTY53
Common Cable Model
Dry core, 2 non-metallic FRPs as strength member, black LSZH flame retardant sheath, G.657A fiber, indoor application.
Dry core, 2 FRPs as strength member, 1 steel wire as suspension wire, black LSZH flame retardant sheath, G.657A fiber, drop application.
All dielectric self support, Loose tube, jelly filled or dry core, non-metallic central strength member, aramid yarn, single or double sheath, aerial application.
Central loose tube, aramid yarn as strength member, black LSZH flame retardant sheath, G.657A fiber, drop application.
Dry core, non-metallic strength member, yellow color LSZH flame retardant sheath, indoor vertical and horizontal distribution application.
Loose tube, jelly filled, non-metallic central strength member, PE sheath, micro-duct air-blown application.
Loose tube, jelly filled, non-metallic central strength member, HDPE outer sheath, suspension steel strand wire, self-support aerial application.
Loose tube, jelly filled, non-metallic central strength member, double PE sheath, corrugated steel tape as anti-rodent armor, direct buried application.
Loose tube, jelly filled, non-metallic central strength member, HDPE outer sheath, duct & lashed aerial application.
Description
Horizontal routing Indoor Quadrate
Aerial drop Outdoor/Indoor Quadrate
Aerial Outdoor
Duct drop Outdoor/Indoor Uni-tube
Vertical routingIndoor
Air-blownOutdoor
Self-supportingaerial
Outdoor
Directly-buriedOutdoor
DuctOutdoor
SZ Strandedloose tube
Routing ModeIndoor orOutdoor
Structure
Classification of Optical Cables (Continued)
Stranded tight buffer
SZ Strandedloose tube
GYFTY
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 40
Typical Optical Cable–DUCT
Op
tical
Atten. ≤ 0.35dB/km at 1310&1383nmAtten. ≤ 0.21dB/km at 1550nmPMD ≤ 0.2, PMDq ≤ 0.1Conform and better than ITU-T Rec.
Mech
an
ical
Tensile: 1500N (fiber strain≤ 0.15%)Crush: 1000N (Loss change < 0.1dB)Impact: 4.5J (Loss change < 0.1dB)Static/Dynamic bend diameter: 10D/20DConform to IEC 60794
Remove aluminum tape Remove aluminum tape and adopt non-metal strength member
Replace aluminum tapeby steel tape
Adopt non-metalstrength member
Al tape
Outer sheath
Loose tube
Optical fiber
Tube filling compound
Metal strength member
Cable filling compoundFiller
Single-sheath, easy for pulling in duct
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 41
Add aluminum tape armor
Add aluminum tape And adopt non-metal strength member
Replace the steel tape by glass yarn tape and adopt non-metal strength member
Adopt non-metal strength member
Op
tical
Atten. ≤ 0.35dB/km at 1310&1383nmAtten. ≤ 0.21dB/km at 1550nmPMD ≤ 0.2, PMDq ≤ 0.1Conform and better than ITU-T Rec.
Mech
an
ical
Tensile: 3000N (fiber strain≤ 0.15%)Crush: 3000N (Loss change < 0.1dB)Impact: 10J (Loss change < 0.1dB)Static/Dynamic bend diameter: 13D/25DConform to IEC 60794
Double-sheath with armor, Excellent anti-crush performance
Typical Optical Cable–Direct Buried
Cross section of cable (GYFTY83-48B1.3)
Outer sheath
Optical fiberLoose tube
Tube filling compoundCentral strength member
Cable filling compound
filler
Glass yarn tape
Inner sheath
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 42
Typical Optical Cable–Fig-8 aerial
Remove steel tape And adopt non-metal strength member
Replace steel tape by aluminum tape
Op
tical
Atten. ≤ 0.35dB/km at 1310&1383nmAtten. ≤ 0.21dB/km at 1550nmPMD ≤ 0.2, PMDq ≤ 0.1Conform and better than ITU-T Rec.
Mech
an
ical
Tensile: 8000N (fiber strain≤ 0.15%)Crush: 1000N (Loss change < 0.1dB)Impact: 4.5J (Loss change < 0.1dB)Static/Dynamic bend diameter: 10D/20DConform to IEC 60794
High tensile strength, Self-support, Fast deployment
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 43
Typical Vertical Distribution OFC
Typical Duct Drop OFC
Op
tical
Atten. ≤ 0.36dB/km at 1310&1383nmAtten. ≤ 0.22dB/km at 1550nmPMD ≤ 0.2, PMDq ≤ 0.1Conform and better than ITU-T Rec.M
ech
an
ical
Tensile: 1000N (fiber strain≤ 0.4%)Crush: 1000N (Loss change < 0.1dB)Impact: 1J (Loss change < 0.1dB)Static/Dynamic bend diameter: 10D/20D
Op
tical
Atten. ≤ 0.4dB/km at 1310nmAtten. ≤ 0.3dB/km at 1550nmPMD ≤ 0.2, PMDq ≤ 0.1Conform and better than ITU-T Rec.
Mech
an
ical
Tensile: 600N (fiber strain≤ 0.4%)Crush: 1000N (Loss change < 0.1dB)Impact: 1J (Loss change < 0.1dB)Static/Dynamic bend diameter: 10D/20DG.657 bending insensitive fiber
inside
Dry core, tight buffer, flame retardant
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 44
Use the non-metal strength member and
the load-bearing steel strand
Use the non-metal strength member
Op
tical
Atten. ≤ 0.4dB/km at 1310nmAtten. ≤ 0.3dB/km at 1550nmPMD ≤ 0.2, PMDq ≤ 0.1Conform and better than ITU-T Rec.
Mech
an
ical
Tensile: mass of 1km cable(fiber strain≤ 0.4%)Crush: 1000N (Loss change < 0.1dB)Impact: 1J (Loss change < 0.1dB)Static/Dynamic bend diameter: 15D/30D
Typical Indoor/Drop OFC
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 45
ADSS (all dielectric self support)
Op
tical
Atten. ≤ 0.35dB/km at 1310&1383nmAtten. ≤ 0.21dB/km at 1550nmPMD ≤ 0.2, PMDq ≤ 0.1Conform and better than ITU-T Rec.
Mech
an
ical
Tensile: up to 20,000NCrush: 2200NStatic/Dynamic bend diameter: 13D/25DSpan: up to up to 800m (normal 100~200m)
High tensile strength, self supportAll dielectric non-metal, anti-lightning
Can be installed on tower or pole
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 46
OPGW (optical fiber ground wire)
Op
tical
Atten. ≤ 0.35dB/km at 1310&1383nmAtten. ≤ 0.21dB/km at 1550nmPMD ≤ 0.2, PMDq ≤ 0.1Conform and better than ITU-T Rec.
Mec.&
Ele
c.
Double function(OFC & GW), special for power transmission line. High reliability
Tensile: up to 100,000NSpan: up to 1000m (normal 200~500m)Short circuit capacity: 150kA^2s (max)Line voltage: 1,000 kV (max)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 47
1 Direct Buried
4 ADSS installation
3 Aerial Installation
Contents – PART V OSP Solution
2 Conduit & HDPE Duct
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 48
Engineering Activities
300mm300mm
F. O. cableF. O. cable
Warning tape
Fine sandFine sand
300mm300mm
100mm100mm
Areas of soft soil or hard soil Areas of soft rock or hard rock
Soft soil or sand backfill Source soil backfill
Lightning protection ground cable
F. O. cableF. O. cable
Warning tape
Lightning protection ground cable
300mm300mm
The engineering activities contains trenching, filling trench bottom with cement, bitumen or stones, routing
F. O. cables, installing lightning protection ground cables, laying out warning tapes, backfilling, and
protection.
Cross section of direct buried F. O. cable engineering
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 49
1 Trenching
The soil volume (m3) of the cable trench can
be calculated as the following formula:
E = (A + B) x H/2 x L
In the formula:
E: Soil volume (m3)
A: Bottom width (Unit: m)
B: Upper width (Unit: m)
H: Depth (Unit: m)
L: Length of the trench (1000 m)
Cross-section of a cable trench
H: Depth. It varies according to
specific requirements in different
countries.
B: Upper width. It is determined
according to the slope coefficient that
is based on local soil property (hard or
soft).
① Trench according to the line that is drawn in the route re-survey. The cable trench depth and slope coefficient shall meet the requirements.
② After a segment of the cable trench is dug, route the F. O. cable timely to prevent the cable trench from being collapsed in a rainy day.
③ The cable trench depth shall meet the requirements and the bottom of the cable trench shall be even and without crushed stones. For the stone cable trench or
half-stone cable trench, fine soil or sand soil shall be laid out at the bottom of it.
④ Check and accept the concealed engineering after the trenching.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 50
2 Laying F. O. Cables
RoutingRoutingFigure-∞ Routing
Mechanical Routing
Manual Routing
Coil the F. O. cable into several groups as figure- ∞. Route
the F. O. cable in sequence in the cable trench.
Manual routing is to hold the F. O. cable on the shoulder
every 10-15 m along the routing direction, and then route the
F. O. cable in the cable trench.
• Application environment: integrated soil (20% common soil,
50% hard soil, and 30% gravel soil)• Advantages: It takes one time to complete the trenching, routing
and backfilling.• Disadvantages: It needs to re-trench to route the lightning wire.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 51
3 Backfilling
① To prevent the F. O. cable from being damaged, backfill the
trench in time after the F. O. cable is routed.
② Backfill 30 cm-depth common soil or fine soil first to prevent
the F. O. cable from being damaged by the large hard soil or
stone.
③ Compact the backfill every 300 mm and clear the rest soil in
time.
④ The depth of the backfill shall be 10-20 cm higher than the
ground
⑤ Bury marking stone based on the design requirements during
the backfill.
Backfill
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 52
Cable Trench Sealing
4 Protecting direct buried F. O. Cables (1)
As shown in the following figure, seal the trench by concrete in the area with
serious soil erosion.
Overview
direct buried F. O. cable protection:① Use steel pipe and plastic pipe for protection.
② Use brick, concrete cover slabs, and mixture of concrete and mortar for
protection.
③ Route warning bands for protection.
④ Build protection slope, protection ridge for protection.
⑤ Use blocking and concrete-sealed trench for protection.
⑥ Route drain wire to protect the F. O. cable from lightning.
⑦ Route termite-proof F. O. cable and spray chemical liquid in the cable
trench to protect the F. O. cable from termite.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 53
Ditch and Ridge Reinforcement
IT System SupportIT System Support
4 Protecting direct buried F. O. Cables (2)
As shown in the following figure, protect the ridge that is over 1 m high by 30% lime and 70% soil or by crushed
stones and cement.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 54
Cable Trench Blocking
IT System SupportIT System Support
4 Protecting direct buried F. O. Cables (3)
As shown in the following figure, to prevent the cable trench from water loss and soil erosion, block the proper segment of the cable trench.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 55
Crossing Railway
Crossing RoadIT System SupportIT System Support If road excavation is permitted, bury a steel pipe (with a diameter of 100 mm) 1.2 m beneath the road surface. The steel pipe must be long enough
to go 1 m beyond the drainage ditches on both sides of the road. If road excavation is prohibited, use horizontal direct drilling (HDD).
4 Protecting direct buried F. O. Cables (4)
Bury a steel pipe (with a diameter of 100
mm) 1.2–1.5 m beneath the road base.
The steel pipe must be long enough to go
1 m beyond the drainage ditches on both
sides of the railway.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 56
4 Protecting direct buried F. O. Cables (5)
Protecting direct buried F. O. cables against thunder and lightning① In lightning-prone areas (with days of thunderstorm not less than 20) and areas with history of lightning strikes, the earth resistivity determines the protection
measure: If the earth resistivity is not larger than 100 ohm•m, a drain wire is not needed. If the resistivity is between 100 ohm•m and 500 ohm•m, lay a drain wire above the cable. If the resistivity is not less than 500 ohm•m, lay two drain wires above the cable.
② Solder two lightning drain wires after they have been routed. The joint part shall be anti-corrosion. The drain wire shall not be grounded.
③ Keep metal components of two cable drums on the connector disconnected. Ground the metal sheath of the F. O. cable when splicing the cable terminal.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 57
1 Direct Buried
4 ADSS installation
3 Aerial Installation
Contents – OSP Solution
2 Conduit & HDPE Duct
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 58
Relevant Operations
OLT ODF
CO Feeder cable Distribution cable Drop cable
FAT
TB
ONT
FDT
SPL
FDT
Relevant operations:TrenchingInstalling ductsInstalling manholes/ hand holesBackfilling and restorationLaying out cablesInstalling equipmentConnecting optical cablesTesting and acceptance
Manhole/Handhole Cross section of ducts
Soft soil or sand Raw soil
Duct
50mm50mm 50mm50mm
100mm100mm
At least 300 mmAt least 300 mm
Thin layer of soil
Duct optical cable
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 59
HDPE duct
Major Tube Types
PVC duct
Micro duct and sub-tube (generally used in micro-trenching techniques)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 60
1. Duct Construction
Excavate trenches along lines confirmed in
re-surveys. The depth of trenches must conform to regu
lations. The trench bottom must be leveled without
gravel. Carry out concealed work acceptance on e
xcavated trenches.
Set warning tapes 300 mm from
ducts. Work with the carrier to determine
backfill materials and specification
s.
Conform to local regulations in duct in
stallation. Take future capacity expansion into c
onsideration in planning of duct quanti
ties.
The sizes meets customer requiremen
ts. Manholes/hand holes are generally pla
ced onsite or prefabricated. Set manholes/hand holes at locations
specified on design drawings.
Trenching Laying ductsBuilding manholes/han
d holes Backfilling trenches
Note: The preceding information is for reference only. Conform to regulations of carriers and local regions.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 61
2. Cable Laying: Methods and Procedure
• Manually drag optical cables into tubes, and install the
tubes using tools.• Allocate 2–3 persons in each manhole for dragging ca
bles. Cable dragging is performed under unified comm
and without twisting cables in manholes.• Personnel for dragging cables must have unhindered
communication with one another.
Manual laying
• Use tractors to drag optical cables into tubes.• Allocate personnel at each manhole, and take protective
measures at pressure points vulnerable to damage.• When dragging cables, unhindered communication is req
uired among construction sites.
• Use air-blowing machines to install optical cables in pre-i
nstalled ducts.• The length (generally 1 km) of blowing a cable at a time
depends on quality of the silicon core tube.• Generally, single-coil cables are blown from a middle poi
nt to both directions.
Mechanical laying Air-blown laying
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 62
2. Cable Laying: Construction Precautions
Note: The preceding information is for reference only. Conform to regulations of carriers and local regions.
During cable laying
Strictly control the traction on optical cables during
laying. The instantaneous maximum traction must
not exceed the allowed stretching force.Ends A and B of installed cables must conform to
the design.Use paraffin oil or talcum powder as the lubricant f
or installing duct cables. Do not use organic oil. In manual dragging, drag the cables section by se
ction in manholes.
In figure-8 laying, the internal diameter must be at
least 2 m.
After cable laying
Installed cables must be straight without twists or
apparent scratches and damage.Do not bend a cable section within 150 mm outsid
e the tube.Attach installed cables to the manhole wall and bi
nd them on brackets. In manholes/hand holes, us
e plastic hoses to protect cables and bind them up.Set marks on optical cables.Seal cable ends for moisture-proof.Reserve cables at connectors. Lengths of reserve
d cables must conform to specifications.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 63
1 Direct Buried
4 ADSS installation
3 Aerial Installation
Contents – OSP Solution
2 Conduit & HDPE Duct
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 64
Engineering Topology
OLT ODF
CO Feeder Cable Distribution Cable Drop Cable
TB
ONT
FDT
SPL
aerial optical cable installation and protection
Installation on the pole
Engineering Procedure:
Pole planting
Stay wire installation
Suspension wire routing
Optical cable routing
Equipment installation
Optical cable splicing
Acceptance and test
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 65
Suspension Wire and Hook Staple Bolt
Staying Wire and Anchor
Engineering Materials
Pole 7 × 2.2 mm Steel Strand Wire
7×2.6 mm Steel Strand Wire
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 66
The depth of stay wire hole:
1. Digging Holes
Depth of the holes:
The routing direction of poles, the distance between two adjacent poles, the hole depth, the pole height, and the position of
stay wires shall meet the engineering design requirements. The distance between two adjacent poles is 35 m to 55 m.
Formation of the Stay Wire
Normal Soil Hard Soil Paddy Field litho-Soil Cement/Asphalt
7/2.2 1.4 m 1.3 m 1.5 m 1.0 m 0.9 m
7/2.6 1.5 m 1.4 m 1.6 m 1.1 m 1.0 m
7/3.0 1.6 m 1.5 m 1.7 m 1.2 m 1.1 m
Pole Length Normal Soil Hard Soil Paddy Field litho-Soil Cement/Asphalt
7.0 m 1.4 m 1.3 m 1.5 m 1.0 m 0.9 m
8.0 m 1.5 m 1.4 m 1.6 m 1.2 m 1.1 m
9.0 m 1.6 m 1.5 m 1.7 m 1.4 m 1.2 m
10.0m 1.7m 1.6m 1.8m 1.6 m 1.5 m
Note: The preceding data is for reference only. The specific standard shall be based on the local specifications.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 67
2. Planting PolesCautions:
•Put several rubbles at the bottom of holes in advance.
•Plant the pole in the hole by manpower or machine under the
sufficient and careful protection.
•During the compaction, first put larger stones, and then the
small one, keep putting while compacting.
•Pay full attention to personnel safety and their coordination.
Cement pole or wooden pole
Material Selection Pole PlantingPole Calibration Temporary
Protection Design and determine the position of stay wires based on construction drawing.
Dig the hole based on specifications
Ensure that the bottom and top of a pole are in a straight line.
Make protection for the newly planted poles
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 68
3. Installing Stay Wires The angle of the line shall be between 30° and
60°. The formation of stay wires shall be one-level higher than that of suspension wires (7 x 2.6 mm).
When the angle of the line is larger than 60°, a new stay wire is added and the formation of stay wires shall be one-level higher than that of suspension wires (7 x 2.6 mm).
Set quadruple stay wires every 16 poles. When stay wires cannot be installed, use stay
poles or stay wires with a high pile instead of them.
Stay wires consist of anchor, steel strand, liner ring, and double-trough splint.
Used to balance the line stress to ensure the
stability of the pole. The types of stay wires
are diagonal single stay wires, double stay
wires, quadruple stay wires, stay poles, and
stay wires with a high pile.
Function
Composition
Technique Point
Note: The preceding data is for reference only. The specific standard shall be based on the local specifications.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 69
4. Installing Suspension Wires
Material Selection Figure-8 Coiling Suspension Wire Routing
Auxiliary Fastening Suspension Wire Tightening
The 7x2.2/2.6/3.0 galvanized steel strands
are usually used as suspension wires. The
optical cable hooks are usually made of
galvanized metal parts or plastic parts. Splints
and iron hoops need to be galvanized.
Coil the steel strand as figure-8, that
is, first coiling in one direction of 1 km,
and then the other direction of 1 km.
The maximum sag of the suspension
wire is in direct proportion to the span
of the poles. aerial optical cable is
fixed by iron hoops to the single
suspension wire.
• Suspension wires shall be tightened by mechanical method.
• For the straight line, tighten one time every 500 m. For the curved line, tighten at the place where an angle pole stands.
After fastening the suspension wires,
tighten them with proper tightness that
meets the requirement.
Hang and drag the
suspension wire by the
thick rope.
Strike the steel strand
wire
Function: Support the aerial optical cables
Composition: Steel strand wire, Three-hole single-groove splint, and iron hoop
Suspension Wire Check
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 70
Select the routing areas to reduce
the connectors based on the length
of the delivered cable drum. Consider the construction condition
of the optical cable connectors .
2 ) Configuring the optical cable 3 ) Hanging the Optical Cable 4 ) Reserving the Optical Cable
Choose proper hooks to fix the suspended aerial optical cables. The pattern of the hooks is determined by the design.
The interval between two hooks is 50 cm with 3 cm deviation. The first hook on each side of the pole is 25 cm far from the splint of the suspension wire with 2 cm deviation.
Reserve proper optical cables
based on the specification and
design requirements. Connectors of the optical cables
shall be put near or on the poles.
Procedure:
5. Installing the Aerial Fiber Optical Cable
Check the package of the cable drum and the A/B port level of the optical cables.
Check the physical features of the optical cable.
Use the OTDR meter to test the attenuation and the length of every delivered cable drum
1) Checking the cable drum
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 71
6. Protecting the Optical Cable: Lightning-Proof
• To protect the aerial optical cables, lightning wires shall be installed on the following poles
• Grounding the lightning wire:
• Terminal poles, the five poles near the central office• Angle poles, poles that are more than 12 m high • Poles that stand on the top of hills• Poles that stand in the areas abundant in thunder-storm • Every five-to-ten poles• Old poles that re-suffer from lightning stroke
• Lightning wire is usually made of 4 mm-diameter galvanized iron wire with, of which the upper side is 10 cm higher
than the top of the pole and the lower side can be soldered to directly connect to the ground wire.
• For the poles with stay wires, the 4 mm-diameter galvanized iron wire is used as the lightning wire on the top, but its
lower part is connected to the stay wires.
• Grounding resistance:
• Grounding resistance is about 20 to 35 ohms.
Note: The preceding data is for reference only. The specific standard shall be based on the local specifications.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 72
For the construction in the area with poor transport facilities, it is necessary to consider the construction period delayed and cost raised by the transportation
7. Risks of the Aerial F. O. Cable Engineering
Due to the construction period, cost, and engineering quality of the aerial optical cable are varied on different geography, so it is necessary to adjust the construction according to specific geography.
Climate has an effect on the construction period and cost. In addition, different climate has different requirements for the design and material.
As an important factor, subsidy implementation shall be based on the relevant laws and regulations during the design and construction.
The material provider must obtain a certification, because the material quality has a direct effect on the construction period, quality hazard and engineering cost.
Risks
Transport
Subsidy
Climate
Material
Geography
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 73
1 Direct Buried
4 ADSS installation
3 Aerial Installation
Contents – OSP Solution
2 Conduit & HDPE Duct
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HISILICON SEMICONDUCTORHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.HISILICON SEMICONDUCTORHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.Page 74
ADSS ACCESSORIES
Fiber Optic Suspension Unit Aluminum Support
Fiber Optic Support Clamp
Lite Tension Dead-end
Dielectric Support Remaining Cable Storage
Helical vibration damper
Vibration damper (Hammer)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 75
Tensioner
Puller
PulleySwivel
Pulling grip
ADSS installation Machine & Tools
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 76
ADSS cable installation Procedure
Tools & Attachment Test Training Stringing field arrangement
Pulley installation on tower Pulling rope laying
Connect with Cable Cable stringing
Pulling rope hanging
Cable sagging
Accessory fixingCable leading downTesting
Splicing E2E testing As build report
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 7723/4/8
ADSS cable stringing---Backward hauling
The method of “backward hauling” is frequently used, the cable is pulled
along the cable route through temporary support installed on each tower. A tension device should be set on where cable coil is located. Cable coils are set and fixed on tension wire-laying racks or tackles and
imposed with certain tension so as to prevent them from spinning too fast. Ensure proper clearance from electric power line and other cables that may
sag near the fiber optic cable. Minium Radius: 20 times the outside diameter---cable under load 10 times the outside diameter---cable under no load
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 78
ADSS stringing equipments arrangement
Pulling Grip
Cable Reel Tensioner
PulleyPulley
ADSS
Pulling rope
Puller
Install the pulley and lay the pulling rope Roll the ADSS cable on the tensioner Joint the ADSS with Pulling rope with swivel & pulling
grip
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 7923/4/8
(1) The pulling speed start from 5m/min within first span, then could be
increased to 30m/min, never exceed 40m/min
(2) Tension should be less than 20% RTS during the pulling
(3) The cable must never scrape against the mast, rollers or ground.
Pulleys are set on every supporting tower to avoid this happen.
Cable stringing
Cable sagging & Accessories fixation(1) After cable has been placed in pulley on each tower, the cable sag and
tension should be adjusted before permanently secured
(2) Tension should be kept less than 20% of RTS.
(3) Suspension and tension accessories should be installed within 48 hours.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 80
Comparison of Installation Methods
Method Advantage Disadvantage usage
Conduit &
Duct
Out of sight, adaptable for future
expansion, easy cable placement
and removal, long lifetime,
protected from most natural
disasters and low maintenance
expense
Highest initial cost compared to other
way., difficult to acquire ROW for civil
work.
Mainly used for primary cables
and in urban areas with limited space,
and is commonly used in FTTx
engineering.
Direct buried similar to a underground conduit
system, also has many of the
same advantages. cables are not
vulnerable to damage
Capacity cannot be increased, and
not much mechanical protection,
higher cost in construction compared to
Aerial way and complex in construction
environment.
Mainly use for trunk cabkles &
secondary cables and in long runs
as in non urban areas.
Aerial Cable Low cost, Flexible, fast
installation, easy maintenance
and adaptable for future
expansion.
Easy to be affected or damaged by
external environment, natural disaster,
accident, and to be removed resulting from
municipal construction.
Suitable when exiting poles are
available. Applicable to the non-
backbone optical cables, such as the local
network trunk, distribution cable & drop
cable.
ADSS Similar to Aerial cable, mental-free
reduce the lightening affection,
Aramid Yarns adpoted can avoid the
shooting beyond 20m.
Affection of Power system should be
considered, ROW should also be
concerned
Used when existing power pole or
tower available
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 81HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0
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Font to be used by customers and partners :
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Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes.
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The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”.
MPT Backbone Project Overview; Summary of SOW
Page 81
TopologyTentative
Distance (km)Priority
Yangon--PYAYE 324 1
PYAYE--Magwe 228 1
Magwe-Bagan 160 1
Bagan-Pahukku 147 1
Pahukku-Mandalay 218 1
Mandalay-Monywa 94 1
Mandalay-Lashio 291 1
Mandalay-NPT 280 1
Meiktila-Taunnggyi 192 1
Naypyitaw-Bago 308 1
Bago-Yangon 100 1
Bago-Maw La Myaing 207 1
Yangon-AYWD(Pathein) 194 1
Yangon-PyaBon 167 1
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 82HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0
Corporate Font :FrutigerNext LT Medium
Font to be used by customers and partners :
Arial
Slide text :20-22ptBullets level 2-5:
18pt Color:Black
Corporate Font :FrutigerNext LT Medium
Font to be used by customers and partners :
Arial
Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes.
----------------
The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0
Corporate Font :FrutigerNext LT Medium
Font to be used by customers and partners :
Arial
Slide text :20-22ptBullets level 2-5:
18pt Color:Black
Corporate Font :FrutigerNext LT Medium
Font to be used by customers and partners :
Arial
Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes.
----------------
The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”.
Page 82
Solution 1 Share Existing Pole system(50%) + Installation New aerial cable(50%) Solution ( ADSS 96 cores)
Solution 3 Share Resource New Installation with Pipeline Route On Some Routes
• Build new aerial fiber cable• Share existing pole or duct system of MEPE/Railway/Street Lamp etc.
Disadvantage: • High maintenance cost
Advantage: •Fiber cable owner ship and Low rental cost•Easy for system expansion
Solution 2 New Installation (100%) Solution ( ADSS 96 cores)
• Build new pole and aerial fiber cableDisadvantage: • Long construction period •High maintenance cost
Advantage: •be fit for local nation natural condition and middling construction cost•Easy for system expansion
• Build new pole and aerial fiber cable Or HDPE duct undergroundDisadvantage: • Long construction period •High maintenance cost for aerial fiber cable•Low maintenance cost for HDPE duct (underground)
Advantage: •Be fit for local nation natural condition and middling construction cost•Easy for system expansion
Backbone Implementation Proposal– OSP Solution Proposal
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 83HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0
Corporate Font :FrutigerNext LT Medium
Font to be used by customers and partners :
Arial
Slide text :20-22ptBullets level 2-5:
18pt Color:Black
Corporate Font :FrutigerNext LT Medium
Font to be used by customers and partners :
Arial
Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes.
----------------
The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes.
----------------
The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”.
Page 83
Backbone Implementation Proposal– Myanmar Landform Analysis
Pictures above side was taken during survey
Clay Sand Campagna /City Zone/Mountain Area will be the most
popular case in Myanmar
Based on the kinds of landform we suggest to use Aerial cable solution
for new fiber cable implementation
City Zone
Zone/Mountain Area
Clay Sand Campagna
Sand Campagna
Rock Types Map Of Myanmar
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 84HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0
Corporate Font :FrutigerNext LT Medium
Font to be used by customers and partners :
Arial
Slide text :20-22ptBullets level 2-5:
18pt Color:Black
Corporate Font :FrutigerNext LT Medium
Font to be used by customers and partners :
Arial
Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes.
----------------
The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”.
For Aerial cable solution
Low Cost
High Adaptability
Fast Project Implementation
Aerial Cable Solution will easily to meet the development requirement of GSM Network
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0
Corporate Font :FrutigerNext LT Medium
Font to be used by customers and partners :
Arial
Slide text :20-22ptBullets level 2-5:
18pt Color:Black
Corporate Font :FrutigerNext LT Medium
Font to be used by customers and partners :
Arial
Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes.
----------------
The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”.
Page 84
Backbone Implementation Methods – Aerial Cable Solution
. ..
.
. .
..
Power Cable Pole
Power Cable
Optic Fibre Cable
BracketNew build Pole
OFC Along Power cable
When installing cables on existing poles local authority requirements need to be verified regarding cable separation
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Copyright©2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved. The information contained in this document is for reference purpose only, and is subject to change or withdrawal according to specific customer requirements and conditions.
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