Transcript
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ESS 3092: KINESIOLOGY Week 7
+Intervertebral Disc
Bears & distributes load
Mobility
Nucleus pulposus 80-90% water 15-25 mm/day
3
+How many true ribs?How many false ribs?
How many floating ribs?
Thoracic Cavity RIBS
true (7)
false (3)
floating (2)
costal cartilage
STERNUM
manubrium clavicular notch
body costal facets
xiphoid process
5
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What are the 3 major muscles of the Erector
Spinae?
Erector Spinae (sacrospinalis)
Origin Sacrum, spinous
processes of lower two thoracic & all lumbar
Insertion Transverse and spinous
processes as well as ribs and skull
Location: Posterior
Movements (spine) Extension (C & L) Ipsilateral flexion
(C & L)
Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis
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+ Cervical Joints
+ Vertebral ColumnCervical Joints
Atlanto-occipital Occipital condyles, 1st vertebrae Flexion, extension (sag)
Atlanto-axial Atlas (C1), axis (C2) Rotation
Pivot-joint Most mobile
Odontoid Process
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TPS:
4x6 card- List the stabilizers of the trunk
AnteriorPosteriorLateral
TrapeziusOrigin spinous process (T), skull
Insertion lateral clavicle, acromion
process, scapular spine
Location posterior
Movements elevation (upper &
middle), depression (lower) retraction (adduction) upward rotation (middle &
lower)
p. 66
Rhomboid Major & Minor
Origin spinous process (C7, T1-
5)
Insertion medial border of scapula
Location posterior/medial
Movements downward rotation elevation retraction
p. 69
Levator Scapulae
Origin transverse processes
(C)
Insertion medial border of
scapula
Location posterior
Movements elevation (primary)
retraction, downward rotation (assists)
p. 68
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
14+Quadratus Lumborum
Origin Iliac crest
Insertion 12th rib and transverse
process of the lumbar vertebrae
Actions Lateral flexion Lumbar extension
15+Multifidus
Origin Posterior sacrum Superior iliac spine
Insertion Spinous process of the
vertebrae, excluding C1
Actions Lateral flexion Trunk extension
+ Cervical Muscles
Capitis originate C vertebrae insert occipital bone
Anterior- flexors lateral flexion
Posterior – extensors rotation lateral flexion
SternocleidomastoidOrigin Sternal manubrium,
medial clavicle
Insertion Mastoid process of
temporal bone
Location: Lateral
Movements Flexion Lateral flexion Rotation
Splenius CapitisOrigin (inferior)
Spinous process of C7-T4
Insertion Mastoid process & occipital bone
Location: Posterior
Movements Cervical Spine: Extension Ipsilateral rotation, ipsilateral
flexion
CA
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Splenius Cervicis
Origin (inferior)
Spinous processes of T3-6
Insertion Transverse process of C1-3
Movements Cervical Spine:
Extension Ipsilateral rotation,
ipsilateral flexion
Semispinalis
Origin Transverse processes of
C4-T7
Insertion Occipital bone
Location: Posterior
Movements Cervical Spine:
Extension Contralateral rotation
Rectus AbdominisOrigin
Pubic crest
Insertion Cartilage of ribs 5-
7, xiphoid process
Location: anterior
Movements Trunk flexion
Rectus Abdominis
Controls Post pelvic tilt &
curvature LS Flattens lower back What effect does this have
on erector spinae & hip flexors? more effective
Definition 3 depressions
area of tendinous connective tissue
External ObliqueOrigin
Lateral side of ribs 5-12
Insertion Anterior iliac crest,
pubic crest
Location: Lateral/Anterior
Movements Flexion (together) Ipsilateral flexion Contralateral rotation
(independently)
Internal ObliqueOrigin
Anterior iliac crest
Insertion Cartilage of ribs 8-
10
Location: anterior/medial
Movements (LS) Flexion Ipsilateral flexion
Fiber direction
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Movement Analysis: Boxing
Plane
Axis
Action
Agonist
Antagonist
PHASE 12
26+ KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS SUMMARY SHEET
ACTIVITY: Boxing
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+Common Injuries
28+Common Injuries- Sprain
Stretch and/or tear of a ligament, the fibrous band of connective tissue that joins the end of one bone with another
Direct or indirect trauma knocks a joint out of position, and overstretches, and, in severe cases, ruptures the supporting ligaments Landing on an outstretched arm; slides into a
base; jumps up and lands on the side of the foot; or runs on an uneven surface
29+Strain
A strain is an injury of a muscle and/or tendon
Chronic strains are the result of overuse (prolonged, repetitive movement) of muscles and tendons Inadequate rest breaks during intensive training
Acute strains are caused by a direct blow to the body
Overstretching
Excessive muscle contraction
30+Tendinitis
Inflammation, irritation, and swelling of a tendon
Can occur as a result of injury, overuse, or with aging as the tendon loses elasticity
Commonly affected sites include: Elbow
Heel
Shoulder
Wrist
31+Bursitis
What is a bursa?“Flattened connective tissue sac that
is lined by a synovial membrane” Fluid filled sac
What causes bursitis?InjuryChronic pressureInfection
32+Bursitis Cont.
X-ray testing can sometimes detect calcifications in the bursa when bursitis has been chronic or recurrent.
MRI scanning (magnetic resonance imaging) can also detect bursitis
33+Herniated Disc
+ 34
Herniated Disc
When these cartilaginous discs are damaged from an injury, normal wear and tear, or disease, they may bulge abnormally or break open
If the herniated disc presses on a nerve root, it may cause pain, numbness, or tingling
35+Osteoporosis/Osteopenia
Bone is living tissue, which is constantly being absorbed and replaced
Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone doesn't keep up with the removal of old bone (osteoblast/osteoclasts)
Approximately 10 million Americans have osteoporosis Estimates suggest that about half of all women older than
50, and up to one in four men, will break a bone because of osteoporosis
36+Osteoporosis/Osteopenia
Women are far more likely to develop osteopenia and osteoporosis than men
RISK factors Eating disorders or metabolism problems Chemotherapy, or medicines such as steroids Exposure to radiation Genetics Low body mass White or Asian Limited physical activity Smoking Regularly drinking soda Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol
+ScoliosisLateral deviation of the spinePrimary cause: Weak musculature on the convex sideCurvature plus vertebral rotation
+KyphosisExcessive curvature of the thoracic regionPrimary cause: Compression/collapse or lack of vertebral bodies
+Lordosis (Lumbar/Cervical)Lumbar curvatureCounteracts the anterior gravitational shift of kyphosis or seen with pregnancy
+Rotator Cuff Tear
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVHerudtPxEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVHerudtPxE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVHerudtPxEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVHerudtPxE
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Conditions associated with the spine
Spinal StenosisCauses: Abuse, age, natural
progressionSpurs, connective tissue
changes, herniation, disease, inflammation
Symptoms: Treatment:
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DJD/DDD
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Herniation/Rupture
Intervertebral discs: Structural anatomyFunction:Nutrient supply:As we age:
Protrusion of the intervertebral discAnteriorolateral/posterolateralSymptoms:Treatment:
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