Transcript
Beginning AymaraCourse for English Speakers
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TABT4 OF CONTENTS
Editorq Foreword
Lesson I.Lesson A. Inve:Tryzfa;Ay-mae=01:
of vowels; stress.Rositampi Susanampi (-01-; 707; ra.227; -ma-3
711.47)Lesson II. Personal pronouns; possessive pronouns; possessive
pronominal suffixes.114. voluntariampi ma 'rokaliampi (-sti; -raoui-;-sa; -cama-; -tea;
eisnaaa;edrompi (-D27; imperative; -ri)Aspect and tense: punctual and durrtive verbs;-(a)ncaria/ -(a)ncascatia;sazTBrisa; relativeclauses; location suffixJuancits2 Marianompiw jiquisiWe (-pta-;-cama-)
cawouins; rah it ins cunans.4a voluntaria ma tiendaru sari (-naca-)Durative conjugation (positive); objective case;verbs of motion izith -1117; -ri- with.. infinitive
stems; -12217; cawcs; sims; -217; aspect andtense; -ita-; -wa.
Punctual
c-orla:118-:::::217:::::;);*
usut (71.1i7; -requi-;
. Durative conjugation (negative)*Punctual conjugation (negative).Davidamp faaginsmi(-waya-; -quima-.1 -A.21.7;-cama-)
Future conjugation (positive); indefinite article.Mama E21102. mama Teresampiw parlapila (cOmparativesuffix -Yri-)
Numerals: cardinal and ordinal.; animate andinanimate subjects; 721.1:17; -cama-; -naca-; kawkhaspossessive -na-.Ma voluntaria4i 1.rhathun alac46 muni.Mama Lositam Mama MariErmi 103Future conjugation (negative).gpma Rositamplmq voluntariami 115Necessity/ ability (positive); elision ofvowels (adverbs).Mama PMariamp mama Welk-Tata Earl Barg. maakii9.(imperative)
Marsmama wiAp.E mama RosAtsmpiw parlasat;imperative) 125
p.
xiv
Lesson III.
Lesson IV.
Lesson V.
Lesson VI.
Lesson VII.
Lesson VIIILesson IX.
Lesson X.
Lesson XI.
Lesson XII.
Lesson XIII.
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Lesson XIV. Necessity/ ability (negative); -si-.Tata Joseajj essc)stp_mimarkarli (-ni-; -Agfi7).Tata Joseajj ut pichail mama Mariar yatichi(-1221117; -cha,; -ta; 137
Impersonal constructions (positive); -ta-.Andresalai 148Impersonal constructions (negative); ucat jan.Tata Marcosamp tata Lucasampeij kotancullewa.Tata Marcosamp tata kollu patanparlapjie (-tata-, -si-; -ta-' -ni-;-rapi-) 159Adverbs of time (summary); -ni-.
mama .1°.9e1ARE mama Teresampiw parlap (-ni-;- rani -; 711-).
Tata Fal31oli tata Carlosar visitiriw sari (camisas-walig.gssga; camachana/ camacharaullai.
negative imperative; -sa...-sa; -2.17; niya,;
-viitgaal/ 170Lesson XVIII. -tagui-; -na- for possession and location.
Patriciomp Pascuilampeji vacs khathuncapjlewacha; -qui-; -chi=) 179
dubitative future (positive).Tata ....1osarm tata thaouin(positive conditional clauses with -Ctellia).Ma voluntariomp tata Jacintompiw .... 189Future dubitative necessitative (positive); futurenecessitative (positive).Mama Justinamp tata Davidampiw Darlapjje.Mama Justinamp tata Davidampeii "1.3m mittat
Haym'j.p.t parlapii! (passive participles in -ta;=-ijata; -ta-; sem; -2acha-;-sa; -ri) 201Dubitative future (negative).Mama Juanajj ma voluntariampiw /mai (-ta; -chi-;-raqui-; 212Dubitative future necessitative (negative).Car1osan nani.p.atu!suta (-sa; 721; -ta; positiveconditional clauses with -ija; Lamy, -raqui -sti;-ta) 221
Lesson XXIII. Imperfect tense (positive); -taqui-; -t(a)!-cama(wa).
Tata IRasmatatLjnizatlamii parlapjjewa.Tata tata Llis.uelampejj
-raqui-...-sti; -2217; -nta-;--pacha; -pini-; -ta-;-waya-, -sa, -ma) 232
Lesson XV.
Lesson XVI.
Lesson XVII.
Lesson XIX:
Lesson XX.
Lesson XXI.
Lesson XXII.
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Lesson XXIV. Necessitative past; -ni-; -ya-.Tata LtjcaEail amippan utan sari (-lama-, -ru-;-pini-; -t'a-; 245
Lesson XXV. Imperfect tense (negative), -ta; -ri.Martaji ma waicha vokallat mamapar avisi (lar...tark;-2acha7, -pini-; -ta; -puni-; -ta-;-ri) 255
Lesson XXVI. navrakat...ucat; subordinate clauses; -Lam;- ce-; -raqui-.T_ ata Andresaji machak calarnin alani.Tata Andresajj machak ut utachi ( -ea-;
passive participles) 266
Lesson XXVII. camUchala and dubitative future; -oui-; -raqui-,cunarac; -sti.Joseaii laniw escUel ut utachanar yanapasinmunquiti (camsafia; conditional clauses with- (te)jja; - pini -; 'regarding'; -sa-: -ta;
-ka-; -Lama- 'possibility/ opportutity',-,lja-; seta, -nija; -va-; passive participles;-VcV- (acHca, etc.) -sa) 279
Lesson XXVIII. Potential/ conditional (positive); optative mood;
passive participles.Cr_ istinamp Tomasampeji Todos Santos fiestjjatparlapjje (passive participles; 714-, -pacha-;-puni-; 0 7; -sa; -ni-) 292
Lesson XXIX. Potential/ conditional (negative); -ta; la- nti:
- cucha; review of 'when...then' clauses; -chafia.ligvolunil estancia lakenacampla parli (-ta-:=iaqui-: -iama-z -ta; -camas -ti; -ijata) 306
Lesson XXX. ,Past potential/ .conditional (positive and negative),
'but' (-wa.::-.110.; -pini-; unmarked 'if' clauses;-nta-;
Mama IREtiampt,mal Carolinampeji kapurlitatparlapjje (-11_7) 320
Lesson XXXI. Conditional clauses; -Vwi-; -pini-;
-Vca: -rara.,Tata Pablojj estanciapatac nod yatichir thake
(-P4cha-N .332
Lesson XXXII. Pronominal objects with punctual verbs (positive) ;
-va-.Hanusloij anatan tl-okoriatanuiw waruichasi ( -c12-t' ja;
- sa? -Rai: relative clauses, nevtive it345
Lesson XXXII'. Pronominal objects with punctual verbs (negativa);
-sa; igp. with positive verbs.Tiu7oteo.j j agar clasenquiwa.
Tata Jos aye' kallunac chhakayi ( -ni -; plu-
perfect; -t'a-; 359
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Lesson XXXIV. Pronominal objects with the future tense (positive/negative).Mg Nagui_silarpiii,olie ch'ok satafitalparlapile
-nta-) 372
Lesson XXXV, Pronominal objects with the imperfect tense(positive/ negative).Tata Marataii tata Carlosaruw kollk mayeatayna(-sa-) 385
Lesson XXXVI. Pronominal objects with the potential/ conditionalverb (positive/ negative).MU voluntarioti tata Juanaruw cebad lawkerkLanai (ucatarac; -jama-; -sU) 399
Lesson XXXVII. Pronominal objects with dubitative presentverbs (positive/ negative); -liata;-naI 71021; -quiri-; -sisa.Tata Lucasajj parli 412
Lesson XXXVIII. Pronominal objects with future dubitative verbs(positive/ negative); -iri; -Vwi.ma doctoraii mU chhtdchliu usun j keruw kolli(-sa...-sa; passive participles; -cha; -pt-;-Oa-) 427
Lesson XXXIX. Permissive mood; ucatarac; optative (positive/negative); -quipan; -charm; -nucu-; 7iiasi;- ra-; -quipa-.
Wallatamp tiwulampi (-sina; -su-;-cjja-) 441
Lesson XL. Optative (positive/ negative); -cha.Thokor Igsslimmuniimufit'at waynanacampi 459
Aymara folk songs 471
Supplements 473
Glossary: Aymara - English 477
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APPROXIMATE BOUNDARIES
IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
MONO OM. ONNIO ONO 411111116
APPROXIMATE MAXIMUM
5XPAN4E oF AYMARA
INDIGRT5j ILLATION OFURU AND ci-OPNA SPEAKER.'(bAseo opt CARmitkro 1943)
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BOLIVIA.
co.uAa
4
4.
ARGENTINA411.0 MI. *WWI ApkoximAre SouNDARte
opAYMAR11/4 UtitsIGUAGS
(According to J. Harris)
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Editor's Foreword
"La iergua Airnara despues de la
Quichua es de las mas generalesy principales..., la qual sehabla en muchas Prouincias, endistrict) de mas de 400. legeas...:
esta lengua tambien es elegante."(Antonio Vgzquez de Espinosa,
Prinleraartnecyliodescriecion de las Indies oci-dentales, 1630 [no place].
Part I, p. 23.)
I. Scone of the present work. This volume is the product of preliminary
research conducted on two continents by a number of persons. The first field
work was undertaken in Seattle in the spring of 1966 by James Connors, language
coordinator of Peace Corps programs at the th.tiversity of Washington. Vincente
Quispe, a young bilingual speaker from La Paz, served as informant. Subse-
quently, in the summer and fall of 1966, Jimmy Harris continued the field work
in Bolivia with the help of Vincente Quispe and a second young bilingual
speaker, Eugenio Poma. Finally, the material underwent considerable revision
in the winter of 1966-67 during the Peace Corps training program for Bolivia
held here in Seattle. I completed the field work with Sra. Neliy de. Vega, a
former teacher from Achacachi, Bolivia, and rewrote the material in its
preseat format. Thanks go to Leonardo Bustamante for his translation of the
foreword into Spanish.
It should be noted that the present format owes much to the intelligent
criticism of the following trainees who participated in the Aymara program
during the fall and winter of 1966 -'67: Panda Echevarria, Harold Gershman,
Glenn Greenberg, Daniel Le Roy, Frances Sulleatrop, Dona Walls and lichael Whiee.
While the work represents the collective ideas and contributions of many people,
the editor alone is responsible for the present state of the volume and welcomes
the criticism and suggestions of future trainees and linguists who may plan eo
utilize this material.
The editor does not look upoa this work as a definitive grammar and text
boa. of Aymara 1-ut rather as a preliminary description of the rudiments of
Aymara grammar. Much further work in the field is a prerequisite to a co.aplete
description of Aymara according to modern structural principles of lin3uistic
research. Previous publications consulted, such PS Garcia 1917, Rudimentns
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ii
de gramgtica aware 1963 (Canadian Baptist Mission), Ebbing 1965 (titles
below in VI. Bibliography), are useful sources of raw data but suffer from
atomistic and apriori descriptions and a lack of effective drill materials.
It must also be remembered that the material in this volume was gleaned entirely
from educated urban speakers who are bilingual in Spanish. While it may be
true that large segments of the Aymara-speaking population has either a passive
or active knowledge of Spanish, many puzzling questions in our description
could benefit from field work conducted among rural monolingual speakers.
A word of general character about the format of the lessons/ Most lessons
comprise the following sections: (1) vocabulary, (2) grammatical analysis,
(3) substitution drills, (4) completion drills, (5) questions and answers, and
(6) one or more dialogues. (Description of intonational conto,-s is omitted
from the text because the lessons have been recorded on tape; furthermore, an
analysis of intonational contours would require much more data and research.)
The dialogues serve two purposes: to utilize vocabulary just introduced into
the lesson in a more natural framework, and to present useful conversational
phrases. New grammatical constructions and vocabulary are treated in the
notes accompanying each dialogue. The student should memorize the basic
sentence patterns given in each lesson and the conversational phrases presented
in the dialogues.
It was necessary first to record the material systematically in paradig-
matic form. Dialogues were then selected for each chapter to match the content
of substitution and completion drills. In many cases, new grammatical
categories and new vocabulary were introduced at the same time. In the future,
given greater familiarity with the material, we might wish to drastically
shorten the substitution and completion exercises and to reorder the material
more imaginatively. Ultimately, it might prove preferable to write chapters
containing only related conversational phrases, which would illustrate the
rules of the grammar presented in each chapter. This task must, however, be
left to subsequent revisions.
II. External history of the language. Within the borders of Bolivia, repre-
sentatives of at least three independent language families are spoken:
Indo-European (Spanish), Andean-Equatorial Iacro-Phylum (Aymara and Quechua)
and the Penutian Phylum with members spoken in Bolivia, Mexico and Mesoamerica
(the languages of the Urus and Chipayas). For the names of other languages
spoken in Bolivia, cf. C.F. and F.F. Voegelin, vol. 7, and Rivet 1951, pp. xv-
xviii.
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Aymara speakers number today approximately 600,000 in Bolivia and Peru.
According to A. and Ii. Cohen, Aymara is spoken today in Peru in two
provinces of the department of Puno (along the southwest bank of Lake
Titicaca), in the departments of Arequipa and Moquegua, and also by monolingual
groups in the department of Lima (in the villages of Tupe, Euaquis and Laraos
and in the provinces of Huarochiri and Canta). (A recent Ph.D. dissertation
on Peruvian Aymara by Martha Hardman at Stanford University in 1962 was unfor-
tunately not available to us.) In Bolivia, Aymara is spoken throughout the
department of La Paz (which includes the provinces of En ecas, Omasuyu, Pacejes
Sicasica9 Inquisivi, Larecaja, Chulumani, Apolobamba) and a section of the
department of Oruro, encompassing in the east a part of the province of
Chayanta, and in the south the region around Lake Poop6.
In comparison with earlier times, the Aymara speech areas have dwindled
considerably. Historical documents reveal that in 1795 some 13,000 Aymara
speakers resided in the province of Arica - a province now administered by
Chile and free of any Aymara-speaking population. The chief loss to Aymara has
been the assimilation of speakers to Quechua, which became the administrative
language of the Inca. Empire after the 16th century (for details, cf. J. Jij6n
y CaamaZio, pp. 601 ff; heillet and Cohen; C.Y. and F.M. Voegelin, vol. 79 no.7,
October 19659 pp. 78-9).
In the views of many linguists, Aymara and Quechua are genetically
related. Aymara has been grouped together with Quechua to constitute the
Andean division of the Andean-Equitorial Macro-Phylum (this is the view, for
example, of Joseph Greenberg of Stanford University). As far back as 18%,
V. Steinthal coined the term cechuamaran (or Rechumaran) phylum of languages
('Das Verhaltniss das wvischen dem Ketscnua und Aymara besteht," VII qmpai§
International des ArAricanistes, Berlin 1890, pp. 462-5). (For other
references, cf. J. Jijtin y Caama4).)
While Aymara historically has lost ground to Quechua, it currently
threatens to absorb two other languages indigenous to Bolivia - Uru and
Chipaya (sometimes refered to as Puouina). Both languages are strongly
influenced by Aymara. Chipaya nutters about 800 speakers on the southern
end of the Bolivian Altiplano while Uru, spoken near Lakes Titicaca and
Poop6, has been reduced to approximately 100 speakers only (cf. U.S. Armv
Handbook for Bolivia, p. 69 and C.F. and F.IA. Voegelin, vol. 7, no. 7, Oct.
1965, p. 11).
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iv
According to the U.S. ArTy Handbook, the year 1952 marks a significant
change in the attitude of local speakers towards Aymara which may signal an
improved status for the language. Since 1952, Aymara (along with Quechua)
has been studied as a tangible link with the national heritage. Recent years
have seen attempts to institute primary school instruction in the native
language. A law of 1955 marked the beginning of literacy campaigns in rural
areas and the creation of alphabets for Quechua and Aymara. The alphabets
follow Spanish orthographical norms. Aymara also serves as a medium of radio
broadcasts and political tractates (cf. e.g. the LikEttilailltialma which
disseminates communist propaganda in the native languages). Interest in these
languages is no doubt propelled by the sudden introduction of the Indian
population into more active political life. Curiously, Spanish colonial
policy also contributed indirectly to the preservation of the native languages
by keeping the Indians from learning Spanish. According to C.F. and F.M.
Voegelin (vol. 6, no. 6, June 1964), some 36% of Spanish speakers in the
Highlands have some knowledge of either Quechua or Aymara.
In recent years, interest in Aymara is growing both at home and abroad -
among native speakers themselves and non-native observers. We do not yet
witness in Bolivia the elevation of any Indian language to the level of
officlal administrative and educational medium, parallel to the position of
Guarani in Paraguay, but such a development is not entirely unrealistic.
Aymara at one time served as an administrative language alongside Spanish.
During the 17th 19th centuries, official documents were issued in Aymara,
Quechua and Spanish (cf. examples in Rivet). Early Spanish settlers,
especially clerics, set about to translate religious tractates into the local
languages. The first grammatical description of Aymara was apparently the 350
page work of Ludovico Bertonio, Arte y orammItica mu' copiosa de la lengua
&Tara, Rome 1603. (It is interesting that Forbes, p. 79, a visitor to Bolivia
from 1859-63, talks of meetings of Aymaras in La Paz for the purpose of keeping
up the study of the language and discussing the purity of the pronunciation.)
To those sceptical observers who see the Indian tongues of South America
doomed to gradual extinction with the spread of education in Spanish, we
would only call to mind similar prognoses for new national languages in
Europe in the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. Nevertheless, the
number of national languages in Europe has rapidly proliferated within the
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the last century and a half. With the rise of new nation states in the 19th
and 20th centuries, new national languages took their place on the linguistic
map of Europe, despite predictions of failures Norwegian, Icelandic,
Lithuanian, gig.0/4' Ukrainian, Belorussian are some examples.
III. Research possibilities. The study of Aymara offers the student of
bilingualism and language contact a rice laboratory for research. It is
not unexpected to find that some 400 years of contact with Spanish and Quechua
have left a strollg imprint on Aymara vocabulary and grammar. It is
immediately apparent to the most casual observer that a large stock of
vocabulary is shared by Aymara and Quechua . (Osborne, p. 10 claims 30%
common vocabulary). Detailed historical studies gill reveal to what extent
the similarities in lexicon and grammar are the result of relatively recent
borrowings from Quechua to Aymara or proof of an older genetic relationship.
The influence of Spanish on Aymara vocabulary is also significant (e.g., the
days of the week, proper names, technical vocabulary, etc. are all Spanish).
IV. Problems. To some extent in this material we have had occasion to
postulate the inroadd of bilingualism as the motivation of some instances of
divergent grammatical norms. Uumerous other grammatical problems, whose
descriptions necessarily remain' incomplete here, probably also reflect the
effects of Spanish influence on Aymara syntax. The wide use of a durative
negative tense (e.g. jani:' serascti 'I am not going') in the speech of one
bilingual informant(but not ,4t 411 attested in the speech of other bilingual
informants), seems clearly the result of the Spanish positive-negative model
(estoy.yendo/ no estov vendo). Other unresolved problems, such as the
apparently chaotic distribution of the -wa and -ja suffixes, leads one to
suspect that a once important grammatical category in the language may be
undergoing functional reshaping under the impact of Spanish. Finally, the
aspect distinction which characterizes verbs formed from verbal roots con
trasts sharply with the weakened aspect distinction of verbs formed from
non-verbal roots, such as in the aspect pair camsminca_A.7(to be) where
(right now)'/ crwquincasca a '(to be) where (in gereral)' where the Spanish
equivalent is the adverb donda with the verb eetar 4t8 .be% Thee
and many other problems are inadequately treated in previous grammars, we are
also sorely hampered by a lack of dialect studies, linguistically sound
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vi
grammatical descriptions and historical studies. A comparison with older
records and with the speech of monolinguals could be expected to point the
way to reasonable solutions. The influence of Spanish on Aymara is, moreover,
paralleled by the influence of Aymara on the Spanish speech of bilinguals.
V. Orthography. The material is presented in the orthography adopted by
current literacy campaigns, in which Spanish loan words retain their original
spelling and Roman letters have the same value in Aymara as in Spanish.
For example, the proper name Pablo retains its orthography in Aymara though
it may be pronounced Pablu or Pawru, depending on the speaker's education and
knowledge of Spanish. The native pronunciation of Spanish loans will always
be indicated. Punctuation follows English norms.
VI. Selected-b-Wiealanhydp
Canadian Baptist Mission, La Paz: Rudimentoslesmaltiamam. La Paz,1963.
catgloces usuales de Aymara (con la correspondencia en castellanoy quechua). La Paz 1963.
J..an Enrique Ebbing: Gramgtica y diccionario aimara. La Paz 1965,
(translated in part by Andrew D. Cohen: An Aymara Grammar, La Paz, 1966).
David Forbes: On the Aymara Indians of Bolivia and Peru. London 1870.
P. Juan Antonio Garcia, S.J.: GramgticaArnara (sabre la base de una ediciOn
antigua). La Paz, 1917.
J. Jij6n y Caameio: "Las lenguas del sur de Centro America," Fl EcuadorInterandino y Occidental (antes de la Conquista Castellana). Quito 1943;
vol. 3, pp. 601-661.
Weston La Barre: "Aymara Folk Tales," International Journal of American
Linguistics, 1950, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 40-5.
The Aymara Indian of the Lake Titicaca Plateau, Bolivia (=American
Anthropologist, 1948, No. 1, part 2).
Jose Toribio Medina: Bibliografia de las lenguas quechua y aymarg, New
York, 1930. (=Contributions from the Museum of the American Indian,
Heye Foundation, vol. VII, no. 7.)
A. I4eillet and M. Cohen (editors): Les langues du monde. Paris, 1952;
pp. 1109-10.
Harold Osborne: Indians of the Andes: Aymaras and Quechuas. Cambridge,
Massachusetts, 1952.
Paul Rivet and Georges de Crequi-Montfort: Bibliographie des langues
aymarg et kicua, vol. 1-4. Paris 1951-6. (=Travaux et Memoires de
l'Institut d'ethnographie, no. LI.)
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Thomas Sebeok:Analysis,"pp. 53-69.
"Aymara 'Little T'ed Ridinghood' with Morphological1951, vol. 3, fascicule 1,
vii
"Material for an Aymara Dictionary," Journal de la Societe des
Amgricanistes, vol. XL [n.s.], 1951, pp. 89-151.
Harry Tschopik, Jr.: "Aymara Texts: Lupaca Dialect," InternationalJournal of American Linguistics, 1948, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 108-114.
Antonio Tovar: Catglo o de las lenguas de America del sur. Buenos Aires
1961.
U.S. Army Area Handbook for Bolivia (prepared by Foreign Areas Studies
Division). Washington, 1963.
German G. Villamor: Aoderno vocabularlo del kechua y aytnara (con su
correspondencia en castellano). La Paz, 1940.
C.F. 7=leteela:111: twiojan=ronoolotaloLlitui:at11:evft71:ano. 6,
June, 1964; vol. 7, no. 7, October, 1965). Bloomington, Indiana.
"La lengua Aimara despues de laQichua es de las mas generates
y principales..., la qual se
habla en muchas Prouincias, endistrito de mas de 400. leguas...:esta lengua tambien es elegante."
(Antonio Vgzquez de Espinosa,Primeraparte del compendio vdescri cion de las Indias oci-dentales, 1630 [no place].Part I; p. 23.)
PrOlogo del editor
I. Alcarce de esta obra. Este volumen es el producto de investigaciones
preliminares Ilevadas a cabo por varias personas en dos continentes.
James Connors, coordinador de idioms de los programas del Cuerpo de Paz
en la Universidad de Washington, emprendi6 los primeros trabajos prgc-
ticos. Vicente Quispe, joven hablante bilingUe de La Paz, sirvi6 como
informante. Subsecuentemente, en el verano y otofio de 1966, Jimmy
Harris continuo' el trabajo prgctico en Bolivia con la ayuda de Vicente
Quispe y de otro joven bilingte, Eugenio Poma. Finalmente, en el
invierno de 1966-67 durante el programa de entrenamiento en Seattle de
un contingent:: del Cuerpo de Paz para Bolivia, se someti6 el material a
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viii
considerable revision. Completamos entonces el trabajo prgctico con la
senora Welly de Vega, antigua maestra de Achacachi, Bolivia, como infor-
mante, y escribimos nuevamente el material en su presente tamafio.
Debemos anotar que el presente tamano de la obra se debe en gran
parte a la inteligente critica de los siguientes entrenandos que
participaron en el programa de aimara durante el otono e invierno de
1966-67: Wanda Echevarria, Darold Gershman, Glenn Greenberg, Daniel
It Roy, Frances Sullentrop, Dona Walls, :47: Michael White. Si bien la
obra representa ideas y contribuciones de muchas personas, solamente
el editor se responsabiliza por el estado presegte del volumen y acepta
gustoso cualquier critica y sugerencias por parte de futuros entrenandos,
o de lingUistas que proyecten utilizar este material.
El editor no considera esta obra una gramgtica definitiva ni un
libro de texto de aimara, sino mgs bien una descripciem preliminar de
los rudimentos de la gramgtica aimara. Para hacer una descripci6n
complete del aimara de acuerdo a los principios estructurales de investi-
gaciOn lingUistica se requiere mucho mgs trabajo prgctico adicional.
Publicaciones anteriores que hemos consultado, como Garcia 1917,
Rudhnentos de zramgtica aimara 1963 (Canadian Baptist Mission), Ebbing
1965 (Titulos indicalos en VI, la bibliografla, pp. vi vii.), son
fuente ail de datos generales pero adolecen de descripciones atomisticas
y a priori, y de falta de ejercicios eficaces de prgctica. Debe recor-
darse que el material en este volumen se espigii por entero de hablantes
urbanos y cultos, bilingiles en castellano. Si bien es verdad que grander
segmentos de la poblaciiin de habla aimara tienen conocimientos pasivos
o activos de castellano, muchas cuestiones perplejas en nuestra descrip-
ciOn podrian beneficiarse mediante trabajo prgctico hecho con gente
rural monolingUe.
Una indicacitm de cargctnr general acerca del tamafio de las
lecciones. La mayoria de las lecciones comprenden las siguientes
secciones: (1) vocabulario, (2) anglisis gramatical, (3) prgcticas de
substituciOn, (4) prgcticas de completamiento, (5) preguntas y
respuestas, y (6) uno o ings diglogos. (demos omitido del texto la
descripci8n de contornos de entonaci6n, porque las lecciones vienen
tambign grabadas en cintas magnetoftinicas y ademgs porque un anglisis tat
,11
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ix
requerirla mucho mgs datos e investigaci6n.) Los diglogos sirven dos
prop6sitos: utilizer el vocabulario recign presentado en la 2.cciOn
dentro de estructuras mgs naturales, y presentar frases Utiles de
conversaci6n. Las notes que acompanan cada diglago t.ratan de construe-
clones gramaticales y vocabulario nuevos. El estudiante deberg aprender
de memoria las frases patr6n bgsicas que aparecen en cada lecci6n, asf
como las oracicnes de conversaci6n que se presentan en los diglogos.
Primer() hubo que grabar el material sistemIticamente en forma paradig-
mgtica. Luego seleccionamos para cada capttulo diglogos que casen con
el contenido cie los ejercicios de coipletamiento y substituciOn. En
wuchos casos, presentamos al mismo tiempo categorlas gramaticales'y
vocabulario nuevos. En lo porvenir, dada mayor familiariead con el
material, quiz querramos acortar drgsticamente los ejercicios de
completamiento y substituci6n, asi como reordenar dicho material mgs
imaginativamente. Finalmente, puede que resulte preferible escribir
capttulos que contengan solamente frases relacionadas de conversaciOn
que ilustren las reglas gramaticales presentadas en los mismos. Este
tarea, sin embargo, debe quedar para revisiones subr.:ecuentes.
II. historis externa del idioma. Dentro de las fronteras de Bolivia,
se habla representantes de por lo menos tres families independientes
de idiowes: indo-europeo (castellano), el macro filo andino ecuatorial
(aimara y quecbua) y el filo "penuto" con miembros clue se hablan en
Bolivia, Mgjico y Yesoamerica (las lenguas de los urus y chipayas).
Vase los nombres de otras lenguas de Bolivia en C.F. y F.1. Voegelin,
vol. 7, y Rivet 1951, pp. xv-xviii.
Hay actualmente unos 600.000 hablantes de aimara en Bolivia y en
el Peril. De acuerdo a A. y H. Cohen, el aimara se habla en
el Per hoy en dta en dos provincias del departameato de Puno (a lo
largo de la orilla occidental del lago Titicaca), en los departamentos
de Arequipa y Moquegua, y tambien lo hablan grupos monoliugtles en el
departamento de Lima (en las aldeas de Tupe, ruaquis y Laraos, y en las
provincias de Huarochiri y Ceuta). (Desafortnnadalaente no estuvo dis-
wnible rare nuestro use una reciente lis?ztaci6n doctoral sobre el
aimara peruana par Martha Hardman en la Universidad de Stanford en 19G2.)
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En Bolivia, el aimara se habla en todo el departamento de La Paz (queincluye las provincias de Mufiecas, Omasuyu, Pacejes, Sicasica, Inquisivi,Larecaja, Chulumani y Apolobamba) y en una secci6n del departamento de
Oruro, que abarca hacia el oriente una parte de la provincia de Chayanta,
y hacia el sur los alrededores del lago Poop6.
En comparaci6n con tiempos de antafio, las zonas de habla aimara han
mermado considerablemente. Documentos histOricos revelan que en 1795,
13.000 residentes de Arica eran de habla aimara (esta provincia pertenece
a Chile ahora y no tiene poblaci6n de este idioma). La pgrdida principal
del aimara ha sido la absorci6n de sus hablantes por el quechua, que
lleg6 a sex el idioma administrativo del imperio de los Incas despues del
siglo 16 (vgase detalles, J. Jij6n y Caamafio, pp. 601 a c; Meillet y
Cohen; C.F. y F.M. Voegelin, vol. 7, no. 7, octubre 1965, pp. 78-9).
Al parecer de muchos lingilistas, el aimara y el quechua son gengtica-
mente relacionados. Se le ha puesto al aimara en un mismo grupo con el
quedhua para constituir la divici6n andina del macro-filo andino ecuator-
ial (este es el parecer, por ejemplo, de Joseph Greenberg de la Universi-
dad de Stanford). Ya hacia 1890 H. Steinthal forj6 el Vermin() filo de
lenguas quechumaraes (o Kechumaran) ("Das Verhaltniss das zwischen dem
Ketschua and Aimara besteht," VII Conotes International des Americanistes
Berlin 1890, pp. 462-5). (Vgase otras referencias, J. Jij6n y Caamafio.)
Aunque histOricamente el aimara ha perdido terreno con respecto al
quechua, actualmente amenaza absorber otros dos lenguajes indigenas de
Bolivia, el uru, y el chipaya, llamado a veces puquina, que sufren hoy
en dia fuerte influencia aimara. Unas 800 personas hablan chipaya en el
extremo sur del altiplano boliviano mientras que el uru, hablado en losK.
alrededores de los lagos Titicaca y Poop6, se ha reducido a apenas unos
100 hablantes (vgase U.S. Army 'Handbook for Bolivia, p. 89 y C.F. y F.M.
Voegelin, vol. 7, no. 7, oct. 1965, p. 11).
De acuerdo a la guia para el ejgrcito de los EE.UU. (U.S. Army
Handbook), el an° de 1952 inicia entre los estudiosos locales una postura
para con el aimara que biers puede significar una mejora en posici6n para
este lenguaje. Desde 1952 se le ha estudiado al aimara (tambien al
quechua) como a tangible eslab6n del pattimonio nacional, y se ha tratado
de instituir el use de esta, su lengua natal, en la instruccition de
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xi
escolares primarios. Una ley de 1955 da comienzo a c4impanas de alfabeti-
zaci6n en zonas rurales y a la creaci6n de alfabetos para el quechua y
aimara, alfabetos que siguen las normas ortogrgficas dercastallano.
Sirve tambien el aimara como medio de comunicaci6n de
radiodifusiones y tratados politicos (vgase e.g. la Libreria Altiplano
que disemina propaganda comunista en las lenguas natales). La saita
presencia de la poblaci6n India en una vida politica mgs activa ha dado
sin duda mayor impulso al inters en estos idiomas, y es curioso que la
politica colonial espafiola tambign contribuy6 a la preservaci6n de los
mismos, al impedir que los indios aprendieran castellano. De acuerdo a
C.F. y Voegelin (vol. 6, no. 6, junio de 1964), un 36% de pobladores
hispanos de la sierra sabe algo o de quechua, o de aimara.
En afios recientes, el inters en el aimara ha venido creciendo
tanto en Bolivia como en el extranjero, entre los mismos hablantes
nativos y tambi& entre observadores no nativos. TodaVia no se puede
notar en Bolivia la exaltaci6n de ningrin idioma Indio al nivel de medio
oficial administrativo y educativo paralela a la del guarani en el
Paraguay, peno tal eventualidad no debe descartarse. El aimara sirvi6
en un tiempo, a la par que el Castellano, como idioma administrativo.
Durante los siglos 17 - 19, los documentos oficiales se promulgaban en
aimara, quechua y castellano (cf. ejemplos en Rivet). Los prirneros
colonos espaiioles, especiaImente del ciero, se pusieron a traducir
tratados religiosos a los idiomas locales. La primera descripcion
gramatical del aimara parece ser la obra de 350 pgginas escrita por
Ludovico
Roma 1603. (Es interesante que seem Forbes, p. 793 que visit's Bolivia
de 1859-63, los aimaraes se reunian en La Paz con el propOsito de
mantener vivo el estudio de su lengua y de discutir la pureza de su
pronunciaci6n.)
A aquellos observadores escepticos que creen que debido a la
difusi6n de la ensefianza en castellano los idiomas indios de Sud
America estgn predestinados a gradual desaparici6n, nos gustaria
recordar pron6sticos similares respecto a los idiomas nacionales de los
nuevos to'aises de Europa hechos en el transcurso de los siglos 19 y 20.
A pesar de ellos el n6mero de lenguas nacionales en Europa ha aumentado
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xii
rgpidamente durante el ultimo siglo y medio con el surgir de nuevos
estados, y los nuevos idiomas nacionales respectivos han tornado su lugar
en el mapa lingUistico de Europa, pese a las predicciones de fracaso.
Tales son por ejemplo el noruego, el islandgs, el lituano, el checo
el ukranio, o el beloruso.
III. posibaidadescleirla. El estudio del aimara le ofrece
al estudiante de bilingualismo y contacto idiomgtico un amplio labora-
torio de investigaci6n. No es nada inesperado encontrar que 400 afios
de contacto con el castellano y el quechua han dejado en el vocabulario
y is gramgtica aimaraes una marcada huella. Ante el obsg-vador mgs
fortuito se pone de inmediata evidencia que el aimara y el quechua
comparten una gran parte de su vocabulario (Osborne, p. 10, afirma 30%
vocabulario comgn). Estudios historicos detallados podrian revelar hasty
qug punto las similitudes en lexico y gramgtica son el resultado de
prgstamos relativamente recientes del quechua al aimara, o prueba de un
parentesco gengtico mgs antiguo. La influencia del castellano en el
vocabulario aimara es tambign significativa (e.g., los dias de la semana,
nombres propios, vocabulario tgcnico, etc. son todos castellanos).
IV. Dificultades. En este material hemos tenido ocasign en cierta
medida, de postular las incursiones del bilingualismo como la motivation
de algunos casos de normas gramaticales divergentes. Otros problemas
gramaticales numerosos, cuya descripcign necesariamente queda incomplete
aqui, tambign reflejan probablemente los efectos de la influencia del
castellano en la sintaxis aimara. El use extenso de un tiempo durativo
en negativo (e.g. laniw sarascti 'no estoy yendo') en el habla de un
informante bilingile, pero oque.noexs.tmt:. en la de otros, parece clara-
mente resultado del modelo positivo negativo castellano (estoy yendo/ no
estoy yendo). Otros asuntos no resueltos, como la aparente distribuci5n
ca6tica de los sufijos -way -jia, hate sospechar que si fug esta una
vez categoria gramatical importante de la lengua, quizg esta sufriendo
hoy reformas funcionales bajo el impact° del castellano. Finalmente,
la distinci6n de aspecto que caracteriza los verbos formados de raices
verbales contrasta marcadamente con aquella debilitada de los verbos
formados de raices no verbales, como en el aspecto par cawquincafiar
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'(estar) donde (ahora mismo)' /cawquincascana '(estar) donde (en general)'
mientras el equivalente castellano donde (estar) funciona como adverbio
m5s el verbo 'estar'. Estas y muchas otras cuestiones se tratan inadec.:a-
damente en gramlticas anteriores; nosotros estamos tambi6n lamertai;1L-
mente impedidos por la falta de estudios de dialectos, descripciones
gramaticales lingasticamente vglidas Testudios histeiricos. Es de
esperarse que una comparaci6n con docutnentos antiguos y con el habla
de monolinglies pueda indicar el camino hacia soluciones'tazonables. La
influencia del castellano en el aimara es, adem5s, paralela a la del
aimara en el habla castellana de los bilingUes.
V. Ortografia. Presentamos el material con la ortografia adoptada por
las actuates campanas contra el analfabetismo, en la cual las palabras
castellanas guardan su ortografia original y las Tetras romanas tienen
el mismo valor en aimara como en castellano. Por ejemplo, el nombre
propio Pablo conserva su ortografia en aimara pese a que puede pronun-
ciarse Pablu o Pawru, dependiendo esto de la cultura del locutor y sus
conocimientos de castellano. La pronunciacitin aimara de vocablos
castellanos ester siempre indicada. Las normas inglesas rigen la
puntuacitin.
Paul WexlerLanguage Coordinator,Peace Corps Training Programs,University of Washington andDepartment of. Linguistics,
University of Washington,Seattle, Washington.
Seattle, Spring l %7
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xiv
LESSON A. INVENTORY OF AYMARA SOUNDS
Consonants
bilabial dental prepalatal* postpalatal postvelar
°tops
simple p t ch
aspirated ph th chh qh kh
glotallized p' t' ch' c' k'
* The prepalatal stops are characterized by a fricative release.
Nasals m n fi
Liquids
trill
continuous 1 11
Fricatives s j jj
Voiced stops b,d,,E occur only in foreign loans.
Vowels
Syllabic i
e oa
Non-syllabicy w
Next to postvelar stops and fricatives, i and .0 in native words
are replaced by e and o respectively:
e.g. warmi 'woman' / Ewartila 'my wpman' (and not *Hanniii2).
Spanish e and o, on the other hand, are frequently replaced by
i and u respectively in Aymara; Spanish Voicedtstopsate frequently
ftpladet,by'yoicele-ss fricatives in Aymara:
e.g. regalo 'gift! /rilalu
Spanish words are written in their standard orthography, with the
omission of the accent mark: e.g. Jose, Maria. Spanish loans which
end in a consonant are spelled in Aymara with final -6a: e.g. Spanish
martes 'Tuesday' becomes martesa.lheAymara pronunciation of Spanis:
loans is given in parentheses next to the Spanisl spelling: e.g.
martesa ( martisa). The orthography follows that adopted by
Rudimentos de gramgtica aymara and the ComisieIn de alfabetizaciOn
yliteratura en Amara (La Paz) and others. In this orthography,
Spanish symbols are used to represent similar Aymara sounds (a, t,
ch, etc.); where Spanish lacks an appropriate symbol for an Aymara
sound, a combination of familiar symbols is proposed (ph, th, etc.);
in addition, new symbols are introduced (EL, t', etc.).
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The following diagram indicates the relative position of the
prepalatal, postpalatal and postvelar series. The English "k" sounds
are also included for orientation.
front of the mouth baCk'of the mouth
1111.111......M.Magn.m.
1. Aymara 11, fi, ch,
chh, ch'.MONMON
2. Aymara c(a,u)/ ga(i)i c'(a,u)/ L1(L).
2119 ..i.
English "k" of keel cat, cool
3. Aymara k, kh, k',
N.B. In the production of (1), the tip of the tongue touches the back
of the lower front teeth. The English "k" sounds are not found in
aymara. In the production of (3), the back of the tongue approaches (in
the production of jj) or makes ef:rect' contact (k, kh, k') with the
back region of the soft palate.
Pronunciation Drill - Arsuga
(1) pa (2) to (3) cha (4) ca (5) ka (6) ja (7) la
pha tha chha qha kha jja* ila
p'a t'a ch'a c'a k'a
(8) pi (9) ti (10) chi (11) qui (12) lei (13) ji (14) li
phi thi chhi qhi khi iii* lli
p'i t'i ch'i q'i k'i
(15) pu (16) tu (17) chu (18) cu (19) ku (20) ju (21) lu
phu thu chhu qhu khu 4 iu*.J.J flu
pvu t'u ch'u tC U k'u
(22) apa (23) ata (24) acha (25) aca (26) aka (27) aja (28) ala
apha atha achha aqha akha aija alla
ap'a et'a achha ac'a ak'a
(29) ipi (30) iti (31) ichi (32) iql..i (33) iki (34) iji
iphi ithi ichhi ighi ikhi iiii
ip'i i'ti ichhi iq'i iki
* Sounds ma:ked with * don't occur in initial position in Aymara;
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xvi
(35) ili (36) upu (37) utu (38) uchu (39) ucu (40) uku
illi uphu uthu uchhu , uqhu ukhu
up'u ut'u uch'u uc'u uk'u(41) uju (42) ulu (43) papa (44) papa (45) phapa (46) p'apa
uj j u ullu phapha papha phapha p'apha
p'ap'a papa phapha p'ap'a(47) tata (48) tata (49) thata (50) t'ata (51) chacha
thatha tatha thatha t'atha chhachha
eat'a tat'a that'a eat'a ch'ach'a
(52) chacha (53) chhacha (54) ch'acha (55) caca (56) caca
chachha chhachha ch'achha cihaqha caqha
chach'a chhach'a ch'ach'a c 1 ac 1 a 1cac a
(57) qhaca (58) c'aca (59) kaka (60) kaca (61) jaja (62) lala
qhaqha c'aqha khakha khaqha jajja lalla
qhac'a c'ac'a k'ak'a k'ac'a jajj llalla
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LESSON I - Navranquir lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca_
c umara sano healthy
chacha hombre, esposo, marido man, husband
ch'iqhi inteligente intelligent
David (Tawit) David
Elena (Ilina) Elena
Enrique (Inriqui) Enrique
imilla ni.a girl
jach'a grande big
jach'a tansa alto tall
jake persona, gente person, man
jayra flojo lazy
jisa si yes
jisc'a pequerio small::
.jiscia tansa bajo short
Jose (Jusiya) Jose
khoru malo, bad
k'apha activo active
liq'i gordo fat
Maria (Mariya) Maria
Pablo (Pawlu) Pablo
pisi cbuyna tonto stupid
pisi less, lackingeluyma heart
Posita (Rusita) Ropita
soma buenp, silopetico good
Susana Scsana.
tansa estatura stature
tawako la jcven young woMan
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LESSON I - Vocabulary
eugha
usuta
warmi
wayna
yokalla
flaco
enfermo
mujer, esposa
el joven
niuo
Grammar - Suma aYtanata ui
thin
sick
woman, wife
young man
boy
I. Mariaiisumatawakowa. 'Haria is a nice girl'
(literally 'M.-jj nice girl - is.')
Davidajj suma waynawa. 'David is a nice young man.'
Josegiisuma chachawa. 'Jose is a nice man.'
Aymara has an optional 'subject-object' marker (the term is tentative)
which, may be attached to the subject of the sentence (nouns, pronouns,
adjectives) or to the object of a verb phrase. Thus ?aria suma
tawakowa is also possible. The precise function of the optional
marker is presently unclear. Possibly it is a stylistic device which
does not signal any difference in referential meaning. Words ending
in a vowel take the marker in the form -jj (Maria + jia), words
ending in a consonant or -e (in Spanish words) take the marker in the
form -ajja (David + aija, Jose + adia). (On the loss of the final
vowel, cf section III below.) When the subject of the sentence
comprises a modified noun, the marker is added to the last component
of the subject:
Jisc'a tansa waynajj. 'The short boy (4. ji)'
The same marker may also be attached to adverbs and verbs; in the
case of the latter, the function appears to be grammatical rather than
stylistic. These other uses will be discussed in later chapters.
Aymara has a predicate marker -wa, which, when attached to an adjective
or noun, conveys the meaning 'to be.' The marker -wa can also occur with
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3
LESSON I - Grammar
other parts of speech; these diverse functions are treated in later
lessons. The marker -wa can appear, 2E1LaoseinLamlfTse; more-
over, -wa in the function of predicate marker or when attached
to verbs is restricted to positive declarative sentences. The
different functions of (optional) -jje and (obligatory) -wa are
shown in the following sentences:
Acaj utawa. 'This is the house.' (Literally 'This -(subject)
the house
Acaw '(This) house is the (this) one'.
tansati? 'Is Maria short ?'
Enriqueij Ougha waned? 'Is Enrique a thin young man?'
The suffix -ti replaces the predicate marker -wa in interrogative
sentences. Interrogative markers are always stressed. The suffix
-ti may be attached to different components of the sentence,
depending on desired emphasis:
Normal order: Acan utjtati? 'Do you live here?'
Emphasis: Acanti utita? 'Do you live here?'
III. Rules of elision: the last vowel of an adjective with more than
two syllables may be dropped in sentence-medial position the vowel
of the last word of a clause can never be dropped:
e.g. palkcjjILEiggasayj. 'Pablo is a healthy boy.'
(full form: eumara)
In the vocabulary,items are listed in their full form. In Pabloji
REELEalEna, suma cannot be contracted to sum because it has only
two syllables. (Where suma functions as an adverb ('well'), it
may be contracted to sum.)
IV.. Rules of stress: most native Aymara words are stressed on tha
last syllable. The stress remains fixed regardless of elision.
e.g. c'umgra / c'umar
The only exceptioas to this rule are the interrogative markers
(e.g. -ti) which bear the strese.
V. Aymara words are not marked for gender.
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4
LESSONI
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscufia
M. Enriquejj eugha waynawa
E. Enriquejj eugha waynawa
M. Joseajj
E. Joseajj eugha waynawa
M. jayra
E. Joseajj jayra waynawa
M. jakewa
E. Joseajj jayra jakewa
M. ch'iqhi
E. Joseajj ch'iqhi jakewa.
M. Pablojj
E. Pablojj ch'ighi jakewa
M. jisc'a tansa
E. Pablojj jisea tansa jakewa
M. chachawa
E. Pablojj jisc'a tansa chachawa
M. khoru
E. Pablojj khoru chachawa
M. suma
E. Pablojj suma chachawa
M. k'apha
E. Pablojj k'apha chachawa
M. pisi chuyma
E. Pablojj pisi chuyma chachawa
M. Davidajj
E . Davidajj pisi chuyme chnchawa
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LESSON I
Substitution
M. Davidajj pisi chuyma chachawa
E. Davidajj pisi chuyma chachawa
M. clumar
L. Davidajj c'umar chachawa
M. yokallawa
E. Davidajj eumar yokallawa
M. liq'i
E. Davidajj yokallawa
M. jach'a tansa
E. Davidajj jachla tansa yokallawa
M. Enriquejj
E. Enriquejj jach'a tansa yokallawa
M. usut
E. Enriquejj usut yokallawa
M. waynawa
E. Enriauejj usut waynawa
N. t'uqba
E. Enriquejj tlugha waynawa
M. klapha
E. Enriquejj k'apha waynawa
M. Joseajj
E. Joseajj k'apha waynawa
M. j akewa
E. Joseajj k'apha jaketia
M. jiscla tansa
E. Joseajj jisc'a tansa jakewa
5
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6
LESSON I
Substitution Drill
M. Mariajj ch'iqhi warmiwa
E. Mariajj ch'ighi warmiwa
M. liq'i
E. Mariajj liq'i warmiwa
M. jisc'a tansa
E. Mariajj jisc'a tansa warmiwa
M. khoru
E. Mariajj khoru warmiwa
M. Elenajj
E. Elenajj khoru warmiwa
M. c'umar
E. Elenajj c'umar warmiwa
M. eugha
E. Elenajj eugha warmiwa
M. tawakowa
E. Elenajj eugha tawakowa
M. Rositajj
E. Rositajj eugha tawakowa
M. jach'a tansa
E. Rositajj jach'a tansa tawakowa
M. usut
E. Rositajj usut tawakowa
M. pisi chuyma
E. Rositajj pisi chuymattawakowa
M. k'apha
E. Rositajj k'apha tawakowa
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LESSCN I
Substitution Drill
M. Rositajj k'apha tawakowa
E. Rositajj k'apha tawakowa
M. liq'i
E. Rositajj tawakowa
M. usut
E. Rositajj usut tawakowa
M. jakewa
E. Rositajj usut jakewa
M. Susanajj
E. Susanajj usut jakewa
M. suma
E. Susanajj suma jakewa
M. jayra
E. Susanajj jayra jakewa
M. imillawa
E. Susanajj jayra imillawa
M. k'apha
E. Susanajj k'apha imillawa
M. pisi chuyma
E. Susanaji pisi eauyma immilawa
N. jisc'a tansa
E. Susanajj jisc'a tansa imillawa
M. Mariajj
E. Mariajj jisea tansa imillawa
M. khoru
E. Mariajj khoru imillawa
7
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8
LESSON I
Questions and Answers -
Affirmative - Chekanaca
M. Enriquejj t'ugha waynati?
E. J!fsa, Enriquejj tiugha waynawa.
M. Pablojj jaketi?
E. Jisa, Pablojj ch'ighi jakewa.
M. Mariajj jisc'a tansa tawakoti?
E. J!sa, Mariajj jisc'a tansa tawakowa.
H. Elenajj jach'a tansa tawakoti?
E. JYsa, Elenajj jach'a tansa tawakowa.
M. Pablojj pisi chuyma waynati?
E. J!sa, Pablojj pisi chuyma waynawa.
M. Joseajj euqha jaketi?
E. Jisa, Joseajj eugha jakewa.
M. Davidajj khoru yokallati?
E. J5Isa, Davidajj khoru yokallawa.
M. Rositajj c'umar imillati?
E. Jisa, Rositajj c'umar imillawa.
M. Susanajj liq'i warmiti?
E. Jisa, Susanajj warmiwa.
N. Pablojj usut waynati?
E. Jisa, Pablojj usut waynawa.
M. Enriquejj k'apha chachati?
E. Jisa, Enriquejj k'apha chachawa.
Rositajj suma warmiti?
E. Jisa, Rositajj suma warmiwa.
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LESSON 1 - Questions and Answers - Affirmative
1. Mariajj jisc'a tansati?
E. nsa, Mariajj jisc'a tansawa.
M. Joseajj eughati?
E. JMsa, Joseajj eughawa.
Pronunciation - Arsufia
Pronunciation Review:
(1) papha, phapa, papha, phapa
(2) phapha, phapa, papha, papa
(3) papa, phapha, papa, phapha
(4) papha, phapa,.papha, phapa
(5) papta,. phap'a, papta,.phap'a
(6) p'apha, papa, p'ap'a, p'apha.
(7) phap'a, papa, p'ap'a, p'apha
(8) '0 phapha, papha
(9) tatha, thata, tatha, thata
(10) tata, thatha, tata, thatha
(11) tat'a, eatha, eata, that'd
(12) that'a, thata, thatha, eanthiL
(13) eatha, that'a, eatha, that'a
(14) caca, kaka, caka, kaca
(15) kakha, caqha, khaka, qhaca
(16) k'ak'a, c'akta,-k'acta, c'ac'a
(17) khakha.,:qhaCiha., k'aqha, qhak'a
' . .
I .
.
lo.
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10
LESSON I
Dialogue - Cuento
Rositampi Susanampi
R. Susana, Francisca k'apha tawakoti?
S. JMs, mama Rosa, Francisca k'apha tawakowa.
R. Marian imillapa usutati?2
S. JMsa, Marian imillapa usutawa.
R. Juman chachana3 jisc'a tansati?
S. JMsa, chachajja4 jisc'a tansawa.
NOTES:
1 -1221 'with, and'. Repeated with both components joined by
the conjunction: Rositampi Susanampi 'Rosa and Susana'
2 'Is Maria's daughter ill?' (Literally 'Is Maria's her daughter ill?)
-na possessive suffix:
Marian 'Maria's'
-21 3rd person possessive suffix^
imillata 'her (his) daughter'
3 'your husband.'
-ma 2nd person possessive . suffix:
chachama 'your husband' Possession must he markedin both pronoun and noun. The pronoun may be omitted.
4 a 1st person possessive suffix:
chachaiia 'my husband'
The possessive marker -.at, in contrast with the synonymous optionalsubject marker, cannot be contracted in sentence medial position:ciaclati would mean 'a, the husband'. The subject liarker may be added
to the possessive suffix: chachaliaii(a) 'my husband.'
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11Lii,SSON II - 1,,ccionp
Vocabulary - Arunaca
achila, aeaeila abuelo :. grandfather
amigo (amiju) amigo friend
Andres (Antrisa) Andres:
Andres
anu perro :=
.= -- dog
asno (asnu) asno donkey
awicha abuela.,. grandmother
cullaca hermana 'sister
jila hermano brother
jiwasa nosotros (tu y yo) we (you sg. and I)
jiwasanaca nosotros (inclusivo) we (ycu pl. and I)
juma tu you (sg.)
jumanaca Yo0tttedes
jupa el, ella 'hi, she:1 :
jupanaca ellos they
kawra llama. llama
mama mama mother
nanaca nosotros (exclusivo) we (exclusive)
naya yo
oveja (iwija) oveja sheep
Pedro (?itru) Pedro Pedro
phucha hija daughter
tata papa father'
tia (tiya, tiyala) tia aunt
do (tiwu, tiwula) do uncle
vaca (waca) vaca cow
wali muy very
wawa
yoka
guagua baby
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LESSON II
12
Grammar - Suma parlanataqui
I. Nayan amigojjajj wali suma jakewa. 'My friend is a very nice man.'
Possession is expressed by the addition of a suffix to the noun.
The possessive personal pronoun may also be added to distinguish
singular and plural possession.
e.g. Amigopajj ch'ighiwa. 'His (her) friend is intelligent:'
'Their II It
Ambiguity is removed by the addition of the possessive
pronoun: jupan 'his (her)' /jupanacan 'their'
There are 8 pronominal forms, distinguished by number but not by
gender. There are 4 numbers which are formally marked: singular,
dual, dual plural, and plural.
1. The dual form includes the speaker and one interlocutor (I and you)
2. The plural of the dual indicates the speaker and more than one
interlocutor (you plural and I)
3. The plural form 'we' does not distinguish the participants referred
to by the speaker.
Possessive pronouns are formed by the addition of the possessive
suffir -na if the preceding word ends in a vowel or -ana if the
preceding word ends in a consonant (e.g. proper and foreign names):
Pedrona 'Pedro's'/Juanana 'Juan's'
The word following a pronoun or noun with -na must have a pronominal
suffix attached to it:
nayan amigoljaji 'my friend7ny'
N.B. The pronominal suffix cannot be contracted when the subject-
object marker -.11a is not present: e.f. amigo-Ha:Ma) 'my friend'
amigojja
Contraction of amigojja 'my friend'resulfs in the form amigojj 'the
friend' (with subject-object marker).
(Possibly ...ii serves the function of the definite article in Aymara:
e.g. amigo '(a) friend'
saissji(a) 'the friend'
amigojjati(a) 'my friend'
This may be the case in many examples, but the use of -list in this
function is not consistent.
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LESSON II - Grammar
Possessive _pronominal suffixes
Singular
1I
'my' -sa 'our'
('I and you' sing.).
2
3
13
Dual Plural
-sa 'our'
CI and you' plur.)11=11.1.
Plural
-jig. (! we') 'our'
-ma 'your' -ma 'your'
-na 'his, her' -2a. 'their'
-na '(Jchn)'s -na s
Personal massa
1 nava 11.2294. 'we' ikaalla 'we'
nanaca 'we'
2 juma 'you' jumanaca 'you'
3 jupa 'he, she' jupanaca 'they'
Possessive pronouns
1 navana my *iwaz_A4na 'our' jiwasanacana 'our',,,nanacana 'our'
2 Lima 'your' jumanacana 'ypur'
3 junana 'his, her' jupanacana 'their'
Verb paradigms rill be presented in the above format.
I .1
11116111111111111111101011111111110ftwoorrurri.....--,---
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14
LESSON II
Substitution Drill- Wasa arunac uscuila
M. Nayan jilajjajj wali suma jakewa
E. Nayan jilajjajj wali suma jakewa
M. liq'iwa
E. Nayan jilajjajj wali liceiwa
M. pisi chuymawa
E. Nayan jilajjajj pisi chuymawa
M. cullacajjajj
E. Nayan cullacajjajj pisi chuymawa
M. wali k'aphawa
E. Nayan cullacajjajj wali k'aphawa
ch'icihiwa
E. Nayan cullacajjajj wali ch'icihiwa
M. jayrawa
E. Nayan cullacajjajj wali jayrawa
M. jach'a tansawa
E. Nayan cullacajjajj wali jach'a tansawa
M. khoruwa
E. Nayan cullacajjajj wali khoruwa
M. mamajjajj
E. Nayan mamajjajj wali khoruwa
M. eughawa
E. Nayan mamajjajj wall eughawa
M. eugha warmiwa
E. Nayan mamajjajj wali euctha warmiwa
N. ch'icihi
E. Nayan mamajjajj wali varmiwa
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LESSON II - Substitution Drill
M. Juman tatamajj jisc'a tansa chachawa
E. Juman tatamajj jisc'a tansa chachawa
M. khoru
E. Juman tatamajj khoru chachawa
M. wall k'apha
E. Juman tatamajj wall k'apha chachawa
M.
E. Juman tatamajj wali ch'ighi chachawa.
M. jakewa
E. Juman tatamajj wall ch'ighi jakewa
M. achilamajj
E. Juman achilamajj wall ch'ighi jakewa
M. usut
E. Juman achilamajj wall usut jakewa
M. pisi chuyma
E. Juman achilamajj wall pisi chuyma jakewa
M. tatawa
E. Juman achilamajj wall pisi chuyma tatawa
M. jupan
E. Jupan achilapajj wall pisi chuyma tatawa
M. yokapajj
E. Jupan yokapajj wall pisi chuyma tatawa
M. khoru
E. Jupan yokapajj wall khoru tatawa
M. imillapajj c'umarawa
E. Jupan imillapajj wall c'umarawa
. 1
15
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16
LESSOW1I - Substitution Drill
M. Jupan tiopajj wali khoru chachawa
E. Jupan tiopajj wali khoru chachawa
M. k'apha
E. Jupan tiopajj wali k'apha chachawa
M. jayra
E. J'tpan tiopajj wali jayra chachawa
M. waynawa
E. Jupan tiopajj wali jayra waynawa
M. jach'a tansa
E. Jupan tiopajj wali jach'a tansa waynawa
M. Jiwasan
E. Jiwasan tiosajj wali jach'a tansa waynawa
M. khoru
E. Jiwasan tiosajj wali khoru waynawa
M. usut
E. Jiwasan tiosajj wali usut waynawa
cullacasajj wali usut tawakowa
E. Jiwasan cullacasajj wall usut tawakowa
N. eugha
E. Jiwasan cullacasajj wall eugha tawakowa
M. pisi chuyma
E. Jiwasan cullacasajj wall pisi chuyma tawakowa
M. suma jakewa
F. Jiwasan cullacasajj wall suma jakewa
N. leapha
E. Jiwasan cullacasajj wnli k'apha jakewa
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17
LESSON III:- Substitution Drill
M. Enriquen amigopan warmipajj ch'ighi warmiwa
E. Enriquen amigopan warmipajj ch'ighi warmiwa
M. jisc'a tansa
E. Enriquen amigopan warmipajj jisea tansa warmiwa
M. khoru
E. Enriquen amigopan warmipajj khoru warmiwa
M. cullacapajj
E. Enriquen amigopan cullacapajj khoru warmiwa
M. tawakowa
E. Enriquen amigopan cullacapajj khoru tawakowa
M. c'umar
E. Enriquen amigopan cullacapajj c'umar tawakowa
M. tiojjan phuchapan imillapajj
E. Tiojjan phuchapan imillapajj c'umar tawakowa
M. jach'a tansa imillawa
E. Tiojjan phuchapan imillapajj jachia tansa imillawa
M. wali k'apha e
E. Tiojjan phuchapan imillapajj wali k'apha imillawa
M. jayra
E. Tiojjan phuchapan imillapajj wali jayra imillawa
M. amigojjan cullacapan wawapajj
E. Amigojjan cullacapan wawapajj wali jayra imillawa
M. pisi chuyma wawawa
E. Amigojjan cullacapan wawapcdj wali pisi chuyma wawawa
M. eugha
E. Amigojjan cullacapan wawapajj wali t ugha wawawa
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18
LESSON II - Substitution Drill
N. Jiwtsanacan jilasajj wall suma jakewa
E. Jiwasanacan jilasajj wall suma jakewa
M. usim
E. Jiwasanacan jilasajj wall usut jakewa
M. Jumanacan
E. Jumanacan jilamajj wall usut jakewa
M. Jupanacan
E. Jupanacan jilapajj wali usut jakewa
MO.01.00.111.01.1110.00.....OIMO ..
Questions and Answers - 4isct'afianacampi iyaw saitanacampi
Affirmative - Chekanaca
U. (Juman) jilamajj jisc'a tansa waynati?
E. Jisa, nayan jilajjajj jisc'a tansa wayngwa.
M. Juman mamamajj jach'a tansa warmiti?
E. JYsa, nayan mamajjajj jach'a tansa warmiwa.
M. Juman cullacapajj wall khoru tawakoti?
E. JYsa, nayan cullacajjajj wall khoru tawakowa.
Nayan achilajjajj wall khoru chachati?
E. JYsa, juman achilamajj wall khoru chachawa.
M. Nayan yokajjajj wall liq'i waynati?
E. JYsa, juman yokamajj wall liq'i waynawa.
U. Nayan jisc'a tansa yokallajjajj wali jayrati?
E. JMsa, juman jisc'a tansa yokallamajj wall jayrawa.
M. Jupan cullacapajj k'aphati?
E. JYsa, jupan cullacapajj k'aphawa.
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LESSON II - Questions and AnswersAffirmative
M. Pablon jach'a tansa warmipajj evqhati?
E. nsa, Pablon jach'a tansa warmip6h.eughawa.
M. Enriquen liq'i imillapajj usutad?'
E. Jisa, Enriquen liq'i imillapajj usutawa;
M. Nayan achilajjajj c'umarati?
E. 3Msa, juman achilamajj c'umarawa. ;11
Juman eugha jilamajj jayrati?
E. J!sa, nayan eugha jilajjajj jayrawa.
Nayan cullacajjajj wall kiaphati?' "
E. Jisa, juman cullacamajj wali kvaphaiga.-
Juman awichamajj usutati?
E. Jisa, nayan awichajjajj usutawa.
M. Awichamajj usutati?
E. Jisa, awichajjajj usutawa.
V. Cullacajjajj wali k'aphati?
E. Jisa, cullacamajj k'aphawa.
M. T'ugha cullacamajj jayrati?
E. Jisa, eugha cullacajjajj jayrawa.
N. Pablon liq'i imillapajj usutati?
E. Jisa, liq'i imillapajj usutawa.
M. Josean achilapajj c'umarati?
E. Jisa, achilapajj c'umarawa.
.
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20
LESSON II
Pronunciation Drill - Arsuna
(1) k'ac'a, c'ak'a, k'aea, c'ak'a
(2) khak'a, qhak'a, khac'a, qhak'a
(3) jaja, jajja, jaja, jajja
(4) jala, jalla, jala, jalla
(5) lala, lalla, laia, lalla
(6) pata, paka, papa, paca
(7) tapa, kapa, papa, capa
(8) thapha, thapa, thap'a, thatha
(9) that'a, thap'a, thac'a, thap'a
(10) t'apa, eats, eapha, eatha
(11) p'apa, p'ata, p'aca, p'aq'a
(12) papha, phapa, papha, phapa
(13) phapha, phapa, papha, papa
(14) papa, phapha, papa, phapa
(15) papha, phapa, papha, phapa
(16) pap'a, phap'a, pap'a, phap'a
(17) p'apha, p'apa, p'ap'a, p'apha
(18) tad:, thata, tatha, thatha
Dialogue - Cuento
Ma voluntariampi and yokallampi
V. Dios asqui ur churgtam,1yokalla.
Y. Dios asqui ur churatam, voluntaria. Camisaqui2?
V. Waliqui3, jumasti4?
Y. Nayajj ukhamaraqui.5
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21
LESSON II - Dialogue
V. Cunas sutimajja?6
Y. Sutijjajj Juancit:uwa.
V. Ichwkha maranYtasa?7
Y. Nayajj pakallk maranituwa.8
V. AwquinacanYtati?'
Y. nsa, awquinacanYtu.
V. Escuelanctati?10
Y. nsa, nayajj escuelanctuwa.
V. Cuna sutinis anumajja?
Y. Anujja Dix satawa, jumansti?11
V. Nayan top satawa.
Y. Topcito khoruti?
V. nsa, khoruwa.
Y. Waliquiw, seliorita, uHjasificama.12
V. Ufijasificamay.
NOTES:
1 'Hello'. Literally 'May God give you a good day.'
2 glow are yuu?'
3 'Fine'.
4 'and you?" -sti is an interrogative suffix which may be attached
to nouns, pronouns and adjectives.
5 'likewise.' Ukhama 'so' + racui 'also.'
6 'What is your name?'cuna 'what'; -s(a)question suffix attached to interrogative
phrases introduced by a question word.
suti 'name'; -ma 'your'; subject suffix. In interrogative
sentences, the suffix -dia. receives the stress if it is in
utterance final position.
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LESSON II - Dialogue
NOTES (continued)
22
7 'How old are you?' Literally 'How many years do you have?'m_ ara 'year': maranifia 'to be old' (literally 'have years')All infinitives end in The infix -ni- indicates possessor.
--sa question suffix.
8 'I am 7 years old.'
khawkha
maranYt(u)wa 'I have years.'maranMtawa 'You have years.'maranYtasa 'How many years do you have?'
9 'Do you have parents?'awqui, 'father'; awquinaca 'parents' (literally the plural of'father'; cf. Spanish padre 'father' - palms 'parents c)
question suffix. cf. Lesson I above.
10 'Are you in school?'-n- location marker
verbalizer-S7escuelancafia 'to be in school'
in school'in school.'
-
escuelanct(u)wa 'I amescuelanctawa 'You are
11 'My dog's name is Dix.'iumanqi 'and yours?'.
12 'I'll be seeing you.'ufi'aila. 'to see'uidasifia 'to see one another'-cama- 'until'-1(a) 'then'
-si- 'one another'
Literally 'My dog is called Dix.'cf above, note #4.
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23
LESSON III - Quimsanir lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
aca este, esta this
anti rosado pink
azula azul blue
chawlla pez fish
colora (culura) color color
.
cuna qug what
ch'iyara negrb black
ch'ojjzia verde green
janiwa no no, not
jank'o blanco white
koka firbol tree
k'ellu amarillo yellow
libro (liwru) libro book
machaka nuevo new
merk'e 'casi viejo almost old (onlyalfg)
mesa (misa) mesa table
morko medio use half used (on' i Ai)
nuwala (or nugala) cafe brown
(cf. Spanish nogal 'walnut tree')
oke plomo grey
puerta door
aquel that over there
quign who
mag ally way over there
silla. chair
viejo old (only for things)
uca esa, ese that
uta casa house
wila rojo red
puncu
qhaya
qhiti
qhuri
silla
thantha
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24
LESSON III
Grammar - Sumaparlahataqui
I. The interrogative suffix -sa is attached to the last word of a question
phrase. e.g.,'what? what color?' The presence of -sa precludes the
use of -tl. In interrogative sentences, the subject marker takes
the stress if it appears in utterance final position.
(a) The addition of -sa to question word:
Cunaslasajik 'What is this?' (alternate word order: Ace' cunasg?cu, nas in the first position ismost usual.)
Acajj utawa. 'This is a house.'
Cunas ucajjg? 'What is that?'
Ucajj jach'a utawa. 'That is a big house.'
Cunas phayajjg? 'What is this (over there)?'
Qhayajj jach'a kokawa. 'This (over there) is a
Cunas qhurejjg? 'What is that (over there)?'
Qhurejj jach'a merk'e utawa. 'That (over there) is a big house.'
Cunas qhayajjg? 'What is this (over there)?'
(i) Qhayajj uta puncuwa. 'That (over there) is the door of
the small house.' Lit. 'small house door - is'.
(ii) Qhayajj jisc'a utan puncuwa. Lit. 'small house's door - is.'
glemjittqa. 'That (over there) is the
Qhayajj utan jisc'a puncupawa. small door of the house.'
tansa 'Who is that small maner there); ?'
ghayaiisc'a tansalattama. 'That small man (overthere) is my father.'
(b) The addition of -sa to a phrase introduced by a question word:
Cuna coloras aca utajjg? 'What color is this house?'
(alternate word order: Aca utaji cuna colorasg?)
Aca utajj k'elluwa. 'This house is yellow.'
China coloras qhaya utan puncupajjg? 'What color is the door ofthat house (over there) ?'
Qhaya utan puncupajj jank'owa. 'The door of that house (over there)is white.'
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25
LESSON III - Grammar
II. Negative sentences: Subject is followed by the negative janiw, the
final vowel of the predicate is.lgngthened and the negative suffix
(qui)ti added: janiw...Vquiti / janiw...Vti. (V = indicates the
repetition of the preceding vowel; the resulting combination of two
vowels yields one long vowel, indipated by 1!).
Mariaid_jisc'a tansa warmitf? 'Is Aaria a short woman?'
Janiwa MasiadijALLIE!iisea tansa waTagaiti. No, Maria is not
JaiiwatiarianSa warmYti.. a.short woman.'
N.B. The interrogative -suffix-t1 is always stressed.
The negative suffix -ti is always unstressed.
In negative statements, the suffix -LriAl is attached'
to the negative word iani to., become janiwa.
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LESSON III
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac usculla
Nayan utajjajj machak k'ellu utawa
E. Nayan utajjajj machak k'ellu utawa
M. merk'e
E. Nayan utajjajj merk'e k'ellu utawa
M. tiojjan
E. Tiojjan utapajj merk'e k'ellu utawa
M. anupajj ch'iy &rawa
E. Tiojjan anupajj ch'iyarawa
M. okLaa
E. Tiojjan anupajj okewa
M. qhaya
E. Qhaya tiojjan anupajj okewa
M. asnopajj
E. Qhaya tiojjan asnopajj okewa
M. uca tatamaix
E. Uca tataman asnopajj okewa
M. ch'iArawa
E. Uca tataman asnopajj ch'iyirawa
M. jank'owa
E. Uca tataman asnopajj jank'owa
M. ovejapajj
E. Uca tataman ovejapajj jank'owa
M. qhuri warmin
E. Qhuri warmin ovejapajj jank'owa
M. qhaya puncojj
Qhaya puncojj jank'ova
A.M. 4,1 -.**+*411Y
26
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LESSON III - Substitution Drill
M. Tata Pablon yokapan vacapajj okewa
E. Tata Pablon yokapan vacapajj okewa!
M. utapan puncupajj
E. Tata Pablon yokapan utapan puacupajj okewa
M. azulawa
E. Tata Pablon yokapan utapan puncupajj azulawa
M. awichajjan utapan
E. Awichajjan utapan puncupajj azulawa
M. emerk'ewa
E. Awichajjan utapan puncupajj merk'ewa
M. juman
E. Juman utaman puncupajj merk'ewa
M. ch'ojjfawa
E. Juman utaman puncupajj ch'ojji-kawa
M. jiwasan
E. Jiwasan utasan puncupajj chlojjicawa
M. wilawa
E. Jiwasan utasan puncupajj wilawa
M. mesasnjj
E. Jiwasan masasajj wilawa
M. cillaya warmin
E. Qhaya warmin mesapajj wilawa
N. wali morkowa
E. Qhaya warmin mesapajj wall morkowa
M. merk'ewa
E. Qhaya warmin mesapajj wall merk'ewa
M. nayan warmejjan
E. Mayan warmejjan mesapajj wall merk'ewa
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LESSON III - Substitution Drill
M. Qhaya liq'i waynajj nayan jilajjawa
E. Qhaya liq'i waynajj nayan jilajjawa
M. t'ugha
E. Qhaya t'ugha waynajj nayan jilajjawa
M. tata Andresan
E. Qhaya t'ugha waynajj tata Andresan jilapawa
M. jiwasan
E. Qhaya t'ugha waynajj jiwasan jilasawa
M. chachajj
E. Qhaya t'ugha chachajj jiwasan jilasawa
M. tatasawa
E. Qhaya t'ugha chachajj jiwasan tatasawa
M. Pablon
E. Qhaya t'ugha chachajj Pablon tatapawa
M. qhuri jisc'a tansa waynajj
E. Qhuri jisc'a tansa waynajj Pableu tatapawa
M. juman
E. Qhuri jisc'a tansa waynajj juman tAtamawa
M. yokamawa
E. Qhuri jisc'a tansa waynajj juman yokamawa
pisi chuyma
E. Qhuri pisi chuyma waynajj juman yokamawa
M. Pedron
E. Qhuri pisi chuyma waynajj Pedron yoka,lwa
M. aca
E. Aca pisi chuyma way--,ajj Peeron yokapawa
28
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I
M. utapajj
LESSON III - Substitution Drill
M. Tata Enriquen yokapan wawapajj jach'a tansawa
E. Tata Enriquen yokapan wawapajj jach'a tansawa
M. wali t'ughawa
E. Tata Enriquen yokapan,wawapajj wali_Ouqhawa
M. libropajj ch'ojjfiawa
E. Tata Enriquen yokapan libropajj ch'ojjilawa.5
E. Tata Enriquen yokapan utapajj ch'ojjEawa
M. mama Elenan
E. Mama Elenan yokapan utapajj ch'ojj.flaWa...
M. wali merk'ewa
E. Mama Elenan yokapan utapajj wali merk'ewa
M. tiapan sillapajj
E. Mama Elenan tiaphfi sillapajj wali merk'ewa
M. suma machakawa
E. Mama Elenan tiapan sillapajj suma machakawa
juman tiaman.
E. Juman tiaman sillapajj suma machakawa
M. wali thanthawa
E. Juman tiaman sillapajj wali thanthawa
M. suma antiwa
E. Juman tiaman sillapaji suma antiwa
M. ch'iyarawa
E. Juman tiaman sillapajj suma ch'iyUrawa
M. jiwasan cullacasan
E. Jiwasan cullacasan sillapajj suma ch'iyarawa
29
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30
LESSON III
L. Questions and Answers - 4iset'ailanacampi iyaw safianacampi
Positive - Negative - Chekanaca - Jan chekanaca
(All negative constructions -quiti can be contracted to -ti. Ohly
the long form will be drilled here.)
Ph Mariajj jisc'a tansa warmitf?
E. JYsa, Mariajj jisc'a tansa warmtVa,
E. Janiwa, Mariajj janiw jisc'a tansa warmYquiti.
M. Pablojj liq'i jaketi?
E. J2sa, Pablojj liq'i jakewa....
E. Janiwa, Pablojj janiw liq'i jakVqtati.
M. Juman cullacaman utapajj machakati?
E. J!sa, cullacaman utapajj machakavae.
E. Janiwa_ (nayan) cullacajjan utapajj janiw machakHquiti.
N. (Juman) jilaman ihupajj khoruti?
E. J2sa, jilaman anupajj khoruwa.,
E. Janiwa, (nayan) jilajjan anupajj janiw khorliqUiti.
IL Tata Pedron kawrapajj eughati?
E. J2sa, tata Pedron kawrapajj t'ughawa
E. Janiwa, tata Pedron kawrapajj janiw
M. Mama Elenan wawapajj usutatf?
E. J2sa, mama Elenan wawapajj usutawa.
E. Janiwa, mama Elenan wawapajj janiw usuaeliti.
M. Tata Enriquen vacapajj ch'iygratf?
E. J2sa, tata Enriquen vacapajj ch'iygrawk.
E. Janiwa, tata Enriquen vacapajj janiw ch'iygraquiti.
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[r
Cr
E
LESSON III - Questions and AnswersPositive and Negative
M. Tata Pablon yokallapajj pisi chuymati?
E. JTsa, tata Pablon yokallapajj pisi chuymawa.
E. Janiwa, tata Pablon yokallapajj janiw pisi chuym1quiti.
M. Mama Rositan imillapajj suma faketi?
E. JTsa, mama Rositan imillapajj suma jakewa..
E. Janiwa, mama Rositan imillapajj janiw suma jakUquiti.
M. Jiwasan utasajj ch'oWati?
E. JYsa, jiwasan utasajj ch'ojjfia.rm.
E. Janiwa, jiwasan utasajj janiw ch'ojjaaquiti.
Me Jiwasan jilasan utapajj thanthati?
E. JYsa, jiwasan jilasan utapajj thanthawa...
E. Janiwa, jiwasan jilasan utapajj janiw thantilquiti.
M. Qhaya warmin awichapajj khoruti?
E. JTsa, qhaya warmin awichapajj khoruwa.
E. Janiwa, qhaya warmin awichapajj janiw khorliquiti.
N. Uca chachan phuchapajj c'umar tawakoti?
E. nsa, uca chachan phuchapajj c'umar tawakowa.
E. Janiwa, uca chachan phuchapajj janiw c'umar tawakUquiti.
IL. Make up answers to the following questions.
Limmorwommonimilmive,
1. Cunas acajja?
2. Cunas ucajja?
3. Cunas qhayajja?
4. Cunas qhurejja?
31
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32
LESSON III - Questions
5. Cuna coloras
6. Cuna coloras
7. Cuna coloras
8. Cuna coloras
9. Cuna coloras
10. Cuna coloras
11. Cuna coloras
12. Cuna coloras
13. Cuna coloras
14. Cuna coloras
15. Cuna coloras
16. Cuna coloras
17. Cuna coloras
aca utajja?
aca utan puncupajja?
uca morko sillajja?
uca liq'i vacajja?
qhuri thantha utajja?
qhuri ovejja?
qhaya utan puncupajja?
ghaya jaken anupajja?
qhaya warmin kawrapajja?
juman machak sillamajja?
jiwasan mesasajja?
jupan thantha sillapajja?
jupan merk'e utapajja?
18. Qhitis qhaya jisc'a tans* jakejja?
(*Elision is possible even though tansa is cnly bisyllabic;
iisea tansa functions as a compound'adjective.)
19. Qhitis qhaya jayra tawakojja?
20. Qhitis uce liq'i waynajja?
21. Qhitis uca t'ugha waynajja?
22. Qhitis qhuri jach'a tansa yokallajja?
23. Qhitis qhuri liq'i tawakojja.?
24. Qhitis uca usut mamajja?
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LESSON III
Dialogue - Cuento
Andresampi Pedrompi
P. Dios asqui ur chuiatam, tata Andres..
A. Jumarus ukhamaraqui, tata Pedro.1
P. Cawquirus sarascta jumajjg?2
A. Nayajj qhuri machak utajjaru sarascta.3
P. Uca machak utamajj wali sumawa.
A. 4Ughamaquiw, tata, juma jutamay visitasiri.4
P. Waliquiw tata. Yuspagaratam.5
NOTES:
33
1 'Same to you.' -ru-
-s(a) suffix of exclamation
2 'Where are you going?'
cawqui- 'where'; -ru- 'to' -s interrogative
sarascta 'I am going, you are going.'
When -j11 is in sentence final position in interrogative stacnments
it takes the accent.
3 utajjaru 'to my house'
4 'So it is, senor. Come then for a visit.'
jutamay imperative: verb stem juts- plus. imperative m(al
plus y(a) 'then.'
visitasifia 'to visit': visitasi- infinitive stem plus -ri-
f:r the purpose of Nsiting.'
5 'Thank you.' Literally 'God will (re)pay you.' From Spanish
Dios pagarg, Infinitive yuspagarafia
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34
LESSON III
Pronunciation - Arsufia
The following pairs differ in the feature of aspiration, glottalization
or in tongue position (postpalatal and postvelar stops).
phuthu 'hole' / pp. aa 'cave'
'to heat' / lup'ifia 'to think, consider'
papa 'each' / sapha 'rice'
'to compress, squeeze' / k'aphifia:to smell, cause an odov.
tanta 'meeting / thantha 'old rag' / eant'a 'bread'
thaqui 'road' / taqul 'kick'
cheka 'straight, correct' / ch'eka 'left' /chhekha 'wing'
cusa 'excellent' / qhusa 'pretty, good, excellent',
ca__ ill 'where / kawkha 'how much'
c'aya 'very dirty' / Maya 'rabble'
eka 'plot of land' / ekha 'lazy, weak'
kolu 'grain, seed' /-kholu 'gravel; stones carried away by watery
kollu 'hill' / khollu 'empty, sterile'
mank'afia 'to eat' / mankhafia ''to enter'
p'eske 'soup made from quintie/ pheska 'five'
w_ ac's 'sash' / vaca 'cow'
.4
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LESSON IV - Pusini. lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
accata a este lado on this side
cancha , cancha spott's field
cawqui donde where
cawquincasquiia
35
(en)donde estg(por where is (at thisel momenta) moment)
cawquinquisa (en) donde estg (una where is (permanently)manera permanente)
(.,cawqari cual A. which
chaca puente bridge
Chuquiagu (Chuquiaju) La Paz La Paz
cocina (cucina) cocina kitchen(or phaya:t uta 'cookinghouse')
choke papa , -potato
escuela ( escuela) escuela school(or yatekafi uta'learning house' -primarily used amongold folk)
jac'a cerca near
jawira rio river
khathui mercado market, fair
kollu cerro bill
kota lago lake
marca pueblo town
qhurcata al otro lado on that (the other) side
pata sobre over
teja, tecba (tiju, teja (techo) tile rooftichu)
thaqui camino road
tienda (tints) tienda store
uficatasi al frente de in front of
yapu chacra plot of land
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LESSON IV
Grammar - Suma parleeataqui
36
I. The Aymara verbal system is characterized by aspect (manner in
which the action is completed) and tense (time when the action
is completed). Verbs which express completed action or call
attention to a specific point in time are called punctual verbs:
verbs which express incomOleted action are called durative verbs.
(The interrelationships of aspect and tense are presented in detail
in Lesson VI.)
The compound suffixes -.(a)ncafia / -(a)ncascafia convert a noun,
adjective or adverb into a verb meaning 'to be in, at .' This
derivational process is very productive in the language.
-(a)- only present when the preceding word
ends in a consonant
-n- location suffix
-c(a)- verbalizer
-sc- durative action
-afia infinitive ending
-A27/-227 pluralizer
-sa added to verbs formed from question words.
Punctual: cawquincaaa 'to be where' (at a given moment)
(=P) from ammi7, root meaning 'where.°
Durative: cawquincascafia 'to be where'(in general; with no
(=D) reference to a specific point in time...!
Singular Dual Dual Plural
1P cawquinctsa 1P caw uinctansa 1P callgAgREPIE111
1D cawquincasctsa 1D sawmincasctansa 1D cawquincasipctansa
Plural
1P cawquincaptsa
1D cawquincasipctsa
2P caiquinctasa 2P cawguincaptasa
2D cawquincasctasa 2D cawquincasipctasa
3P cawgenquisa 3P cauquincL:pquisa
3D cawquincasquisa Si) lauquincasipquisa
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37
LESSON IV - Grammar
In positive declarative sentences, the predicate suffix -wa replaces
the interrogative suffix -sa:
P: utancafia 'to be at. home'(framjuta 'house9..
D: utancascafia 'to be at home'
1P utanctwa.
1D utancasctw, etc.
e.g. utancalla/ u_tancascaaa 'to be at in the (g4.0
avionancalial avionancascalia 'to be'in.a plane' (avion)
autoncaLa/ autoncascala 'to be' in'd.cae (auto)
trenancanartrenancascafia 'to be in a train' (tree)
cochencafia/ cochencascafia 'to be in a carriage (coche)
Esnanancal4 Esnafiancasca"ia itO:lie in-Spain' (Esnafia)
Estados UnidosanceLed:EstadosAnidcsancascalla 'to be in the USA(Estados 'Jnidos)
In positive interrogative sentences, add-the suffik -ti (with stress):
Pedro]] utanquiti/ utancasquiti? !Is Pedro at. home ?'
The suffix -ti can be attached.tcrothep.partA,of.,the,sentence i'r
purposes of emphasis. :.
Pedroti utanqui/ utancasqui? 'Is Pedro (and' not Juan). at home?'
In negative declarative statements, add the suffix -ouiti, (with the
stress on glii).to-n'(cis)-:
Pedrojj janiw Utanoiliti/ utancaseliti 'Pedro is not at home:4
Models:
(a) awtinsiuissa4rjaiiv 'Where is Susana (right now
Susaia--icelt?
Susanaj& marcanquiwa. 'Susana is in the village.'
RomaiLigniEJEaranexiti. 'Susana is not in the village.'
(b) EcalglatIliAJLEgadigy 'Where is Susana :in generai)?'
inElliLgEETAESAEMALAY
Susanaj j marcancasquiwa. 'Susana is in the. village (in general;usually).'
Susanail 'aniw marcancasquiti. 'Susana is not in the village (ingeneral).'
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LESSON IV - Grammar
N.B. The cpposit dnr of cawquincafia/ LAcacquiltdoes not appear
to be maintained consistently by all native speakers. Instead the
punctual form is used exclusively. Our hypothesis is that the
distinction of aspect, maintained with verb stems, is being abandoned
in this pair under the pressure of a single Spanish equivalent donde.
The problem requires further investigation. Consequently, questions
using punctual cawquinquis may be answered with a durative verb:
e.g. Cawquinquis tata Andresanyokapajja? 'Where is sefior Andres' son?'
Tata Andresen yokapaij marcancasquiwa. 'SeAor Andrea' son.isin the village.'
mtLima cata__AqJumanvrmuinuisa.? 'Where is your wife?"
nitancasuiwaWarmea-1. 'My wife is in that house overthere.'
CawigAriltaEttruienutaag? 'Which is se7or E-.1riquc. hous,?'
T4t2ABSIVIRMtaRii2911214Ike
ucalEfo
girlya jawir qhurcatancquisl uca jank'o uta717...a Ext7iquutaDaLia.
'SelAor Enrique's house is that white house,.Nh2ch is) on that
side of the river.'
Order of components:
[subject clause] + [relative clause] + [predicate clause]
or [relative clause] + [predicate clause] + [subject clause]
laguLpatancafia 'to be over the hill'
kollu qhurcatanca 'to be on the other side of the hill'
kollu accatancafia 'to be on t:As side of ;:he bill'
IlogilLiaslapsailajto be near the hill'
kollu uficatasincela 'to be in front of the hill'
e.g. ghasatmcggEill 'which is on the other side'
n = location infix
c = verbalizer
= which
= 3rd person singulat
s(a) = relative suffix ('which')
117. -pa location suffix; synonymous with the poosessive zaarker
'my brother's house'):
marcancasquiwa 'he is in town'Estados Unidos marcan 'in an American town'
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LESSON IV
Substitution Drill - Wass arunac uscuLa
N. Nayan jilajjajj khathuncasquiwa.
E. Nayan jilajjajj khathuncasquiwa.
M. Rositan phuchapajj
E. Rositan phuchapajj khathuncasquiwa.
M. escuelan
E. Rositan phuchapajj escuelancasquiwa.
14. juman
E. Juman phudhauajj escuelancasquiwa.
M. Chuquiaguncasquiwa.
E. Juman phuchamajj Chuquiaguneasquiwa.,.
M. jupan
E. Jupan phuchapajj.Chuquiaguncaskluiwa:
utan
E. Jupan phuchapajj utancasluiwa.%:.
jach'a tansa yokapajj
E. Jupan jach'a tansa yokapajj. utandasquiwa.
14. jiwasali
t
.
rE. Jiwasan jach'a tansa yokasajj utancasquiwa.
M. yapuncasquiwa
E. Jiwasan jach'a:tansa yokasajj yapuncasquiwa. .
M. nayan amigojjan
E. Nayan amigojjan yokapajj yapuncasquiwa. .
jawiran
E. Nayan amigojjan yokapajj jawirancasquiwa.
M. juman
E. Juman amigojjan yokapajj jawirancasquiwa.
39
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40
LESSON IV -:Sacitiiution Drill
M. Nayan warmejjajj cocinancasquiwa.
E. Nayan warmejjajj cocinancasquiwa.
M. juman
E. Juman warmimajj cocinancasquiwa.
M. warmiman cullacapajj
Juman warmiman cullacapajj cocinancasquiwa.
kolluncasquiwa
E. Juman warmiman cullacapajj kolluncasquiwa.
M. Estados Unidos marcan
E. Juman warmiman cullacapajj Estados Unidos marcancasqui:.:.
E. Enriquen
E. Enriquen warmipan cullacapajj Estados Unidos mar,...ancasqulwa.
M. tatajjajj
E. Tatajjajj Estados Unidos marcancasquiw...
M. kollu patan
E. Tatajjajj kollu patancasquiwa.
M. juman cullacaman chachapajj
E. Juman cullacaman chachapajj kollu patancasquiwa.
M. jiwasan
E. Jiwasan calecasan chachapajj kollu patancas.luiwa.
M. kotancasquiwa
E. Jiwasan cullacasan chachapajj kotancasquiwa.
M. nayan
E. Nayan cullacajjan chachapajj kutancasquiwa.
M. amigojjan yokapajj
E. Nayan amigojjan -okapajj kotancasquiwa.
M. ithaLlun
F Navan amigojjan yokapajj khathuncasquiwa.
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-emvamvx
von 4stnbouTsv3volp 3n viper viceqb arresvamvx uvsvmu ta
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-vmvimuyt on 6Sinbouv3voinqb vamp vAvqb avmvamv% uemnr 3
rpmeamen uemnr 14
evmTmaem von:4sTnbaue3voinqb vougo vAvqb Crercamivm,uvicvN 3 uvAvu 4
tspiTmavm von,gsTnbouv3voinqb vamp v4v0 grpedTmavm uvdnr .
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-emTmiem von gsTnbouviovf Tnbutp vAvqb 4frvdtmavm uednr H rrvdTmavm =dn.? 14
tumv-Ac viosTf eon gstnbouviour Tnbvq3 vAvqb arcemexon mimic ta
vmulon VOSTr I4
vmv-1011 vitiovr von 4sTnbouviovr Tnbelp viceqb 4fremmion umunr *a
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uamnr
.eminioN vigour von gsTnbowitiovr Tnbutp vAvqb $prvdmion uvcrv3vI .3
sTnbouviour tnbegi 'N
-vmv%ox vigovc von 4sTnbouv3aoov itavC eAvqb 6rreciv%mi uvrrelvi .3
crvdunol usffv3v3 4
.vm.e.:,a vigour von g.sTnboue3voov aTmer vAvqb grredv3n uvcrv3vy *z
vme3n vigour 'N
..vmv3n cooluvr von IsTnbouv3voov aTmvr vicvqb 6rredv3n uerfeTey .3
stnbouv3voov
teme2n oixaer von gspbouv3voInqb aTmvr v4v0 grredv3n uvrrv3vy 3
vmv3n oimuvf von 4sTnbouv3voinqb apiec eAvgb grrudv3n uvrcv3vy tH
ITTla uopn3T2sqns - AI MOSSTI
147
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42
LESSON IV = Substitution Drill
M. Qhaya kollu patancquis, uca wila teja utaw, tata Pablonutapajja.
E. Qhaya kollu patancquis, uca wila teja utaw, tata Pablonutapajja.
M. nayan
E. Qhaya kollu patancquis, uca wila teja utaw, nayan utajjajja.
M. vacaw
E. Qhaya kollu patancquis, uca liq'i vacaw, nayan vacajjajja.
M. tata Franciscon
E. Qhaya kollu patancquis, uca liq'i wcaw, tata Francisccnvacapajja.
H. jawir qhurcatancquis
E. Qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca liq'i vacaw, tata Francisconvacapajja.
M. ch'oke yapuw
E. Qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca ch'oke yapuw, tata Franciqco7...yapupajja
M. juman
E. Qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca ch'oke yapuw, juman yapumaEs,
jiwasan
E. Qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca ch'oke yapuw, jiwasanyapusajja.
M. thaqui accatancquis
E. Qhaya thaqui accatancquis, uca jiwasan yapusajja.
M. uca eugha waynaw, tata Pedron jilapajja.
E. Qhaya thaqui accatancquis, uca t'ugha waynaw, tata Pedronjilapajja.
M. juman
E. Qhaya thaqui accatancquis, uca eugha waynaw, ju....n jilamajja.
M. nayan
E. Qhaya thaqui accatancquis, uca eugha waynaw, nayanjilajjajja.
M. machak utaw
E. Qhaya thaqui accatancquis, uca machak utaw, nayan utajjajja.Hosted for free on livelingua.com
43
LESSON IV
Questions and Answers - 41.stt'efiaracampi ivaw sa-'lanacami
Positive - Chekanaca
T. M. Susanajj marcanquiti?
E. nsa, narcanquiwa.
M. Jilamajj utamanquiti?
E. nsa,utajjanquiwa.
I. Mamasajj khathunquiti?
E. J!sa, khathunquiwa.
H. Pedron cullacapajj escuelanquiti?
E. J7sa, escuelanquiwa.
N. Pabion khoru anupajj utamanquiti?
nsa,utajjanquiwa.
EL Vacamajj pampanquiti?
E. nsa,pampaaquiwa.
JAL Mariajj khathuncasquiti?
E. JYsa,khathuacasquiwa.
Josean jilapajj oficinancasquiti?
E. Jisa,oficivancasquiwa.
N. Cullacamajj jawirancasquiti?
E. JY.sa, jawirancasquiwa.
L Cullacaman chachapajj ChuquiaguncasquiW
E. asa, Chuquiaguncasquiwa.
N. Jiwasan asnosajj kolluncasquiti?
E. nsa, kolluncasquiwa.
M. Tata Pablon wawapajj marcancasquiti?
E. nsa, marcancasquiwa7
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44
LESSON IV - Questions and AnswersPositive
M. Tataman utapajj qhayati?
E. nsa, qhayawa.
Pedron utapajj uca k'ellu ucati?
E. nsa, uca k'ellu utawa.
1. Josean cullacapajj uca jach'a tansa tawakoti?
E. nsa, uca jach'a tansa tawakowa.
N. Pablon autopajj qhaya chaca jac'ancquis ucati?
E. JIsa, ucawa.
N. Enriquen vacapajj qhaya thaqui qhurcatancquis ucati?
E. Jisa, ucawa
i. Libromajj aca machak libroti?
E. JYsa,ucawa.
Positive - Negative - Chekanaca - Jan chekanaca
II. M. Tatamajj khathuncasquiti?
E. JYsa, tatajjajj khathuncasqfiiwa.
E. Janiwa, tatajjajj janiw khathuncasquiti.
M. Cullacamajj escuelancasquiti?
E. nsa, cullacajjajj escuelancasquiwa.
E. Janiwa, cullacajjajj janiw escuelancasquiti.
M. Tata Josean yokapajj utapancasquiti?
E. Jisa, tata Josean yokapajj utapancasquiwa.
E. Janiwa,tata Josean janiw yokapajj utapancasquiti.
M. Mama Elenan imillapajj yapuncasquiti?
E. .visa, mama Elenan imillapajj yapuncasquiwa.
E. Janiwa, mama Elenan janiw imiliapajj yapuncacquitl.
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45
LESSON IV - Questions and answersPositive - Negative
ML Mama Rositan chachapajj Chuquiaguncasquiti?
E. asa, mama Rositan chachapajj Chuquiaguncasquiwa.
E. Janiwa, mama Rositan janiw chachapajj Chuquiaguncasquiti.
M. Qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca jankto utajj, Aifredon utc.pati
E. J!sa, qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca jank'o utajj Alfredon utapams.
E. Janiwa, qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis uca jankto utajj janiw AlfredonutapPlaiti.
N. Qhaya k'ellu ut u catasincquis, uca jisc'a utajj juman utamaLi?
E. nsa, qhaya k'ellu ut u'catasincquis, uca jiac'a utajj, nayanutajjawa.
E. Janiwa, qhaya k'ellu ut utcatasincquis, uca jisc'a uta2j, jani7nayan uta:;iaquiti.
R. Qhuri jawir jac'ancquis, uca kokajj, jilaman kokapati'
E. Jisa, qhuri jawir jaeancquis, uca hckajj, jilajjan kol:apawa.
E. Janiwa, qhuri jawir jac'ancquis, uca kokajj, janiw jiiajjankokapgquiti.
H. Qhuri thaqui accatancquis, uca jach'e vacajj, jumtn vacamati''
E. Jisa, qhuri thaqui accatancquis, uca jach'a vacajj, nayan vacajjawa.
E. Janiwa, churl thaqui accatancquis, uca jeah'a vacajj jardw nayaavacajjliquiti.
EL Qhaya kollu patancquis uca utajj, rata Davidan utapati?
E. Jisa, qhaya kollu patancquis, uca utajj, tata Davidan utapawa.
E. Janiwa, qhaya kollu patancquia, uca utajj, janiw tata Davidanutapgquiti.
M. Cawquinquis Juanan j ay ra yokalIapajja?
E. Juanan jayra yokallapajj'marcancasquiwa / khathuncascuiwa /escue1ancasquiwa / Estados Unidosancasquiwa/aatoncascuiva.
Cawquincasctse
E. (Jumajj) marcancasctawa, etc.
211
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LESSON IV - Questions and AnswersPositive - Negative
Cawquincasctasa?
E. (Nayajj) marcancasctwa, etc.
M. Cawquincasquis tata Pedrojja?
E. Tata Pedrojj marcancasquiwa, etc.
M. Cawquincasctansa?
E. (Jiwasajj) marcancsctanwa, etc.
M. Cawquincasipctansa?
E. (Jiwasanacajj) marcancasipctanwa, etc.
M. Cawquincasipctsa?
E. (Nanacajj) marcancasipctwa, etc.
N. Cawquincasipctasa?
E. (Jumanacajj) marcancasipctawa, etc.
M. Cawquincasipquisa?
E. (Jupanacajj) marcancasipquiwa, etc.
Dialogue - Cuento
Juancitotis12jleJ. Camisac jilata, cawquirus sarascta?
Waliqui, naya escuelaru sarascta.
J. Nayan mamajjaw usuta, ucat jan escuelar sarcti.1
FL Ma llaquiwa, yatichiri wall tareanac churapjjetu, juta4amawa.
J. Ukhamawa, mamajja waliptani, sara, ufijasificama.3
M. Waliquiw jilata. Nayaw tareanac mayeama, unjasillcamay.
2
46
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11,7
LESSON IV - ialOpe
NOTES
/ 'Therefore I am not going to school;' ucata 'therefore'.
2 'What a pity, the teacher gave us many lessons; you should Cove.'
ma 'one'; llaqui 'pity'; vatichiri 'teacher'; tarea (taria)'ifts3one
churapjjetu 'he gives/gave us'.
3 'So, as soon as my mother is well, (then) I will go, I'll see you.'
waliptani: 72.11- signals 'complete change';
Eiijasiiicama 'until we see one another' afinitive uilaia 'to see'i
uijasita 'to see one another' plus -cama 'until.'
4 'I will lend you the lessons'. me-yeafia 'to lend.'
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48
LESSON V - Pheskrz lrccionnemalas
Vocabulary - Arunaca
apilla oca oca oxalis with yellowflowers
arroza (arrusa) arroz rice
aycha carne meet
azucara azucar sugar
calamina calamina tin roof
cawqha donde where
cawqhana en donde where (definitf! :ocat.:.on'
cebolla (ciwulla) cebolla cuion
cerveza (cirwisa) cerveza beer
c t
r.,awna huevo o- f
..
cstancia estancia, comunidad community
leche (lichi) leche min
lulu chiquita, Tana little girl
naranja (laranqha, naranja orangelaranj a)
ovej leche (iwij lichi) leche de oveja sheep's milk
ovej aycha (iwij aycha) carne de oveja mt.21,:ton
phuju pozo well (of water)
pokata ,, plgtano bona na
eant'a pan tread
'toLizo mail corn
uma agua ureter
ntjnaa haber,'tener, t' have
vaca aycha (waca aycha) carne de vaca bec..:
vallesa (vallisa) valles valleys
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49
LESSON V
Grammar - Suma parla.lataoui
I. (a) latAtsamnhas tataman utaujj12 'Seiior, where is your father's house?
When calling to a person, the noun is used without any subject
marker. e.g. Tata! 'father!'
Nayan tatajjan 'My father's house is that one.'
(b) Tata, cawihas amigoman utapajja 'SeEor, Taiiiere is your friend! E:
house?'
Na a n amigo an uta ajj, Oa a iisc'a utftauis ucawa.*
yayan amigojjan utarajj, clhaT7a iisea utrAva.
'My friend's house, is that small one there.'
ec(Literally: 'My friend's house is that one, which is that small
house over there.''}
Ti_g_a_ds is formed from uta + Vqu5sa: 'The house 'which is'
Macias_q--s relative marker 'which'
ui 3rd person singularV = doubling of the last vowel of the preceding word.
gPELLAIAULE424242L11111g1E:=5.21521LIIE-9110LESAratT9*
211umla,912STIMEIZL182101fitioman utaPati?
llgistAlhaza calamin utajj, tioman utapati?
7Seora, is that house Wi-ch the roof your uacle's house?'
Miterally: 'Seora, is your uncle's house the one which is that
roof over theral')
41sALAAELRILTwilalkkgPAuclii_tioi'an utaDava-
.1121.2ahata calamlutguiritys.Jisa, chava calamin.,ucaidliojjen vtapawa.
'Yes, that house over there with the roof is my uncle's house.'
Order of clauses in interrogative sentences:
[Relative clause] + [Subject clause] + [Predicate clause]
(a) Tata cawqhans eallfadjlaj12 'Seor, where is there water?'(Literally 'in where?')
saktms: the addition of the -n- infix indicates location.
stilwa. (preferred word order)
utiiw
gpayajawirsullituplii. 'There is water on that side of the
river.'
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50
LESSON V - Grammar
"awiran: the -n- suffix indicates location.
utji/utliwa: the particle wa may be attached to positive verbs
in declarative sentences. Its distribution is further character-
ized in Lesson IV.
(b) 'Seora, are there eggs inthat store over there?'
_na-12_21..glaatiaIt.i/ut.iwansac'aw. 'Yes, there are eggs inthat store over there.'
Janiwa, eawnajj qhaya tiendandaniw utjOiti/utjiti.
'No, there are no eggs in that store over there.'
III. Differences between cawqhans and cawquins. According to Rudimentos,
saglians is used with reference to specific inanimate objects while
cawquins may be used indiscriminately with specific or general
inanimate objects. In this cac.c, cawqhans may function as a "definite
adverb," corresponding to the definite article in English and Spanish:
"Where is the ?'
e.g. Tata, cawtans eant'aii_mtii? 'Sefior, where is the bread?'
Tataa.cawquins cafmjjulii, 'Seilor, where is there coffee?'
With animate objects, saguinquis and cawqhanquis are used (possibly
with the same distinction as cawquins and amigo). (This problem
requires further study.)
IV. Qhitins 'whose': note the use of the possessive marker -n-.
e.g. Mama, qhitins c'awnajj utji? 'Senora, who has eggs?'
(literally: 'Whose eggs are there?')
V. Cunans in the meaning of 'when' or 'in what'('where'):
e.g. Tata, cunans fiestajj utii? 'Seri.or, when (i.e., in what day,
hour, etc.) is the fiesta?'
Tata cunans wali ch'okeiLutii? 'Sefior, in what (where) are
the many potatoes?'
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LESSON V
1-
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuKa
Pokotajj, tata Andresan utapan utji.
E. Pokotajj, tata Andresan utapan utji.
M. chawllajj
E. Chawllajj, tata Andresan utapan utji..
M. tiendapan
E. Chawllajj, tata Andresan tiendapan utji.
M. mama Marian
E. Chawllajj, mama Marian tiendapan utji.
M. nayan
E. Chawllajj, nayan tiendajjan utji.
M. eant'ajj juman
E. T'ant'ajj, juman tiendaman utji.
qhaya jank'o utaquis ucan
E. T'ant'ajj, qhaya jank'o utaquis next utji.
M. vaca aychajj
E. Vaca aychajj, qhaya jank'o ut &lquis ucan
M. vaca lechejj,
E. Vaca lechejj, qhaya jan104),-utUquil-ucan utji.
M. qhaya thaqui accatancquis, uca.jiscca tiendan
E. Vaca lechejj, qhaya thaqui accatancquis,.uca jisc'd tiondanutji.
M. c'awnajj
E. C'awnajj qhaya thaqui accatancquis, uca jisc'a tiendan utji.
M. qhaya marcan
E. C'awnajj, qhaya marcan utji.
M. azucara.U, awichasan utapan
E. Azucarajj, awichasan utapan utji.
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LESSON V Substitution Drill
M. Nayan yapojjajj acawa
E. Nayan yapojjajj acawa.
M. utajjajj
E. Nayan utajjajj acawa.
uca jisc'a merk'e
E. Nayan utajjajj, uca jisc'a merk'e utawa.
M. 3uman
E. Juman utamajj, uca jisc'a merk'e utawa.
M. machak
E. Juman utamajj, uca jisc'a machak utawa.
M. tiendamajj
E. Juman tiendamajj, uca jisc'a machak tiendawa.
M. jiwasan
E. Jiwasan tiendasajj, uca jisc'a machak tiendawa.
M. qhaya jach'a k'ellu
E. Jiwasan tiendasajj, qhaya jach'a k'ellu tiendawa.
M. qhuri chaca jac'ancquis ucawa.
E. Jiwasan tiendasajj, qhuri chaca jac'ancquis, ucawa.
N. tata Pablon yapupajj
E. Tata Pablon yapupajj, qhuri chaca jac'ancquis ucawa.
M. phujupajj
E. Tata Pablon phujupajj, qhuri chaca jac'ancquis ucawa.
M. nayan
E. Nayan phujojjajj, qhuri chaca jac'ancquis ucawa.
M. qhaya ut jac'anquiwa
E. Nayan phujojjajj qhaya ut jac'anquiwa.
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LESSON V.- Substitution Drill
53
M. Nayan yapojjajj, qhaya jach'a clOoke yapuwa.
E. Nayan yapojjajj, qhaya jach'a ch'oke yapawa.
M. jiwasan
E. Jiwasan yapusajj, qhaya jach' a chtoke yapuwa.
M. apill
E. Jiwasan yapusajj, qhaya jach'a apill yapuwa.
M. utasaji, qhaya'k'ellu utawa
E. Jiwasan utasajj, qhaya utawa.
M. juman
E. Juman utamajj, qhaya ucawa.
M. iawir, qhurcatancquis-, uca.
E. Juman utamajj, qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca k'ellu utawa.
M. awichajjan"
E. Awichajjan utapajj, qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca kvellu
utawa.
M. kokapajj, qhaya thaqui jac'ancquis ucawa
E. Awichajjan kokapajj, qhaya thaqui jac'ancquis ucawa.
M. nayan. :
E. Nayan kokajjajj, qhaya thaqui jac'ancquis ucawa.
M. vacajjajj
E. Nayan liq'i Iracajjajj, qhaya thaqui jaeancquis ucawa.
M. kollu patancquis, uca ch'iyLr vacawa
E. Nayan vacajjajj, qhaya kollu patancquis, uca ch'iygr
vacawa.
N. jilajjan
E. Jilajjan liq'i vacapajj, qhaya kollu patancquis, uca ch'iygr
vacawa.
J1
M. kawrapajj
E. Jilajjan liq'i kawrapajj, qhaya kollu patancquis, uca chliyar
kawrawa.
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54
LESSON V - Substitution Drill
N. Josean utapajj, qhaya jank'o utUquis ucawa.
E. Josean utapaij, qhaya jank'o ut%quis ucawa.
M. nayan
E. Nayan utajjajj, qhaya jank'o ut5quis ucawa,
M. qhaya jach'a
E. Nayan utajjajj, qhaya jach'a ut%quis ucawa.
M. Pedron yapupajj
E. Pedron yapupajj, qhaya jach'a yapuquis ucawa.
M. jiwasan
E. Jiwasan yapusajj, qhaya jach'a yaptiquis ucawa.
M. kokasajj
E. Jiwasan kokasajj, qhaya jach'a kokaquis ucawa.
juman
E. Juman kokamajj, qhaya jach'a kokaquis ucawa.
M. estanciamajj
E. Juman estanciamajj, qhaya jach'a estanciaquis ucawa.
M. nayan
E. Nayan estanciajjajj, qhaya jach'a estanciaquis ucawa.
M. marcajjajj, qhaya jisc'a
E. Nayan marcajjajj, qhaya jisc'a marcaquis ucawa.
M. juman phujumajj
E. Juman phujumajj, qhaya jisea phujliquis ucawa.
M. awichajjan
E. Awichajjan phujupajj, qhaya jisc'a phujllquis ucawa.
M. jiwasan
E. Jiwasan phujusajj qhaya jisc'a phujUquis ucawa.
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LESSON V
Questions and Answers - Thatalakiartacarnoiliaysanacami..
I. al. Cawqhas tata Pablon utapajjr?
E. Qhaya azul utawa.
N. Cawqhas juman utamajja?
E. Uca k'ellu utawa.
N. Cawqhas estanciamajje
E. Belenawa.
M. Cawqhas marcamajja?
7. Achacachiwa.
M. Cawqhanquis Josean tatapajja?
E. Yapunquiwa.
Cawahanquis mamamajja?
E. Cocinanquiwa.
M. Cawqhancasquis khoru anumajja?
E, Awichajjan utapancasquiwa.
M. Cawqhancasquis liq'i ovejamajja?
E. Pampancasquiwa.
Cawqu!ris utamajja?
E. Qhaya kleilu utawa.
M. CawquTris Pedron yapapupajje
E. Qhaya jach'a yapuwa.
M. CawquYris jiwasan tiasajja?
E. Qhaya liq'i warmiwa.
M. CawquTris juman sillamajja?
E. Uca merkie sillawa.
55
I
II. Positive - Negative - Chekanaca - Jan chekanaca
M. Tata, qhaya thaqui qhurcatancquis, uca choke yapojj juman yapumati?
E. JMsa, qhaya thaqui qhurcatancquis, uca choke yapojj nayan yapojjawa.
E. Janiwa, qhaya thaqui qhurcatancquis, uca choke yapojj, janiw nayanyapojjaqati.
M. Tata, qhaya jach'a ut uLcatasincquis, uca jisc'a utajj Pedron utapatil
E. nsa, qhaya jach'a ut uacatasincquis, uca jisc'a utajj, Pedronutapawa.
E. Janiwa, qhaya jach'a ut uficatasincquis, uca jisc'a utajj, janiwPedron utap4quiti.
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seAffln rrepoo uedemem uewoti 'esicr '3
Lpfpn prepoo tiedemem tiempfy lg
euriigln rfoAuol uedo2fmv uemeoenno 'usu. .a
cmcln ccoxuol uudosTme um:von-Eno 4 .vmTrin uesegun4 preruvieu 'esAr '3
1pfc4n ueseStin4 rreruvaem
emTrin uvmePuefl rreilue;1 6esIr '3
tflfrin uemepuefl preouvi/ g .vmfrin uviTmer eAvtib Cream 'usu. a
ancln uviTmer vAetib rcemn lg
.pfnbr3n afuer uvoium vigour eketib pregoice vovA gemfuvr .g
.vrafpn uvoiem vitioer eAvilb rcegolcv voen gent' °H
iflfrin uvoavm vitper vAellb Crevice yowl getiofrav
-pfnbc3n mfuvr untilvtlx eigoer eAvqb Creloxod geraTuer '3
evraffln unglegn vitiovr v4eqb rpeloNod 'gni' '3
tflfrin ungletil vigour vAetib prelolod 'BIB' lg
spfnbrin mfuvr uepuap Creumvio gemfuvr .a
.emTpn =pimp eAvqb Neumeso gesu .a
Lpfrin uvpuep eltelp rpeuravio vmeN T1
.pfnbc.deovA uvrcevA mfuvr 'pre= sTnIonovA aRATitio von gemfuer .g
vravdeovA uefrelo4 'ppm gsfnbRovA aRATitio von 'enc. -H
IfludvosA uemexoA rpm gsfnbEovA aRATiqo eon 'etiofrav 4 spfnilde2n uerpop mfuvr grrvon sTnbEln ufmeivo vitvgb gemfuer .g
semedeln =rpm 'rpm sTnbpn uftrivivo vitegb .a
Liledeln uemoT1 gcceml gsfnbEln ufmeivo eitegb 'mew lg
.pfnbndelo4 uv creprItn3 mTuer 'Cce404 ejP0,110 esq3BP Tamil) 'mnuer 'a
semedvAo% ue geperino grreliox ejrolgo vigour Tang!) 'eszr .a
zpedelo4 uemeoeuno Prenoll vzrPoitio vigour Tamp 6vmv14 4 .pfnbRdndvA ueppifc mfuvr 'frodeA rude viper Ting!) geraftier 'a
semedndeA tiering 'Crodelt Tude eitioec txngb 'gni' ea
LpedndvA uemeTfr prodeA rude vigour Tang!) gem, 14
eApeSeN eApfsod saamsuv puv suonsanb - A NOSSTI
95
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57
LESSON V - Questions and Ans,Ters
r. Ch'okejj Chuquidgun utjiti?
E. JTsa, ch'okejj Chuquiagun utjiwa.
M. Coca Colajj Marian jilapan utjiti?
E. Jisa, Coca Colajj Marian jilapan utjiwa..
M. Coca Colajj nayan tiendajjanjj utjiti?
E. JTsa C-tca Colajj nayan tiendajjanjj utjiwa.
M. Qhitins suma ch'ekejj utj i?
E. Pedron mamapan utji,
EL Qhitins imchak utajj utji?
E. Susanari achilapan utji.
M. Qhitins c'ainajj utji.
E. Awichajjan utji.
Qhitins suma naranjajj utji?
E. Josean cullacapan
Cawquins fiestajj utji?
E. Achacachin utji.
I. Achacachin fiestajj utjiti?
E. Jisa, utjiwa.
i. Cawquins tonkojj utji?
E. Vallesan utji.
EL Vallesan tonkojj utjiti?
E. Asa, utjiwa.
Dialogue - Cuento
Ma voluntaria ma tiendaru sari'
V. Dios asqui ur churatam, mama.
M. Jumarus ukhamaraqui, tawako. Cuns muntati?2
V. JTsa, naya muntu alet t'ant'ampi azucarampi.3
Waliquiw tawako, acan utjituwa4
suma eant'ampi wali jank'o azucarampi.
V. Ukhama, churitay pheska c'ant'ampi ma libr azucarampi.5
T1 Acajj, azucara wali pesadawa t'ant'anacasti wali sumanacawa.6
V. Dios pagaratam, mama. Acajj mama kollklwa.7
Ma rat cama, janc'a-
quiw cutin1.8
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58.
LESSON V - Dialogue
NOTES
1 'A volunteer (fem.) goes to a store.' The suffix -ru 'to' may be
omitted. Its use may be motivated by the Spanish verb + preposition:va a; mg 'a, one'; voluntaria (vuluntaria).
2 'Same to you, young girl. What do you want?'
3 'I want to buy bread and sugar.' -mei 'and' must be attached to
both components of the clause (literally 'and bread and sugar').
The subject/object marker may be omitted: naya- nayajj.
4 'Very good, young girl, here I have good bread and very white sugar.'L.utjafia 'to havet/utii 3rd person singularkaikAlts1st persona sing.
5 'Then give me 5 breads and a pound of sugar: Ouritliv = imperative
'you give me.' zy. is often added to imperatiVe forms: 'then.'
Note that the pluralizing suffix -naca need not be added with numerals.
Libra (liwra) 'pound'.
6 'There you have the sugar well weighed out and the breads are very good!Pesadawa (pisatawa) from Spanish pesar 'to weigh.'
7 'Thank you, senora. Here is the money.'
8 'I'll be seeing you; I'll come back soon.'Mg rat cams = lit. 'until a moment' (Spanish rato 'while, moment'),an exact translatioh of Spanish haste luego.Janc'aquiw = janc'a 'fast, soon' + quiwa 'then.'Cutia 'I will return;' infinitive cutinina.
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LESSON wI - 3olite,air
Vocabulary - Arunaca
alma comprar to buy
alasifia comprar para si to buy oneself
anataia jugar to play
awazifia pastorear to graze, to pasture
cafe (cawia) cafe coffee
carta carta letter
catuuia pescar, agarrar to fish, take, seize
cawcs (a) donde (to) where
isi ropa, vestido clothes
jicliha ahora now
ksllkaiia escribir to write
k' au suzio: dirty
.
lurafia hater, trabajar to do, to work
mank'afia comer to eat
pelota (piluta) pelota ball
pichafia barrer to sweep
saraiia it to go
t' ajj s ilia! t' aj j sufia lavar td Wash
umafia beber to drink
visitafia (wisitafia) vicar to visit.
walja mucho much
waliqui biers fine, well
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LESSON VI
Grammar - Suma parlafiataqui
I. Conjugation of the present durative verb: ' am ing,' etc.
(On the function of -wa, -,Zia, c.f. below, Lesson VIII.)
lurascta lurasctan lurasipctan
(lurasctwa) -(wa) -(wa)
(lurasctjia) -(jja) -(jja)
lurasipcta
-(wa)
-(jja)
lurascta lurasipcta
-(wa) -(0)
-Wm.)lurasqui lurasipgui
-(wa) -(0)(lurasquejj a) (lurasipquejja)
Analysis: lura- infinitive stem
-sc- continuous action (singular)
-s..c- 11 (plural)
-j- pluralizer
Endings: -ta
-ta
-tan - tan
- ta
-ta
60
N.B. In interrogative statements with a question word ('what, where,
when'...), the suffix added to the verb must receive the
stress; in positive interrogative sentences, the last vowel is always
e.g. Curs. ungssaligy = Cuns lurascta'._ stressed:
('What are you doing (now, in general)?')
In interrogative statements without a question word, the suffix -ti is
used:
e.g. ___p_AthsaJumanhuchanfeiim? 'Does your daughter drinkcoffee?'
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61
LESSON VI - Grammar
Ii. The object of the verb is placed before the verb and loses its final
vowel; foreign words in -ia (e.g. io,lasia 'cly,rch') are e;zempt:
e.g. Nayajj mare sarascta. 'I'm goliT, to t.L.1 village.'(trom maeea)
Waykdj yap lurascta. 'I'm working the field.' ( from yam)
CunsbmActsiti? 'What are you doing?' (from miles)
N.B. Often the object of verbs of motion ma:- either lose Lheir final
vowel or take the suffix ru in the meaning of 'to':
e.g. failliiChmuLlEAmmla = Nayaij 'Chuquiagur sarascta
'I am going to Li Paz.'4,t
Nayajj visitiriw Pedron utap s.ee-assAa = Nayaij
utapar(u) sarescta
'I am going to visit Pedro's hmse.'
(cf dialogue notes, Lesson V for discuseirdn of Spanish is
III. Simultaneous action may be expressed by the.'inc.initive :stemr
(infinitive minus a) plus in the reanihs 'one who doe.ci the
action' or 'doing the action':
e.g. awatiila 'to pasture' becomes awatiri 'one. who peStures (shepherd);
pasturing
cattirlia 'to fish' becomes caturi 'one who fishes; tishing'
thokofia 'to dance' becomes theteri 'one who dances (dancer),
dancing.'
Infinitila stems in -a- become churafia 'to givetichil.-..iri
Both -J AE and -wa may be attached. to -ri forms.
IV. Order of clauses in declarative sentences:
(i) [Subject clause] + [object of -ri, verb] + [main verb clause]
e.g. Mama Mariajj awichapan utap sarasqui."
'Sefiora Maria is going to visit her grandmother's house.
Jupajj pokot alasir jichhaii chaya tiered sarasoui.,
'He is going now to that store to buy bananas.'
..
(ii) [Subject clause] + [object of main verb] + [object of -ri verb]
+ [main verb]
e.g. lamtilmailan utagythawatirlstsanaula.
'I am going to my mother's house to pasture sheep.'
*It is important to differentiate the "infinitive stem" (which always
ends in a vowel) from the term "verb stem" (introduced in later lessons)
which is the infinitive stem minus the final vowel. .
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LESSON VI - Grammar 62
V. Conjunction -mpi7 'and, with' is added to all the components that it
joins: e.g. ayamp jupanacampeii 'I and they' (the - ,suffix is optional)
Mariamp Enriquempejj 'Maria and Enrique'
VI. Cawcs '(to) where': used with verbs of motion. Note assimilation of
consonants (and subsequent loss of aspiration) due to elimination
of final stem vowel (as the object of a verb):
cawqhas becomes *cawqhs becomes cawcs
e.g.Cawcs sarascta? 'Where are you going?'
Cuns, the object of a verb, is a contraction of cunas.
e.g. Cuns lurascta? 'What are you doing?'
(In the negative, cuns has the meaning of 'anything, nothing':
Nayajj janiw cuns lurcti 'I am not doing anything?')
VII. Alafia / alasifia. The infix -si- (precedes the infinitive ending)
introduces the meaning of reflexive or reciprocal action:
e.g. 'Nrlafia 'to talk'/ parlasifia 'to converse (with one another)'
larekafia 'to wash'/ iarekasifia 'to wash oneself'
apafia 'to carry'/ apasifia 'to carry for oneself'
alafia 'to buy'/ alasifia 'to buy (for) oneself'
VIII. The following table illustrates the interrelationships of aspect and
tense in the Aymara verb system; each box represents a single verb form:
TENSE ASPECT positive/ negative
present punctualpast
present durative
imperfect
pluperfect
future
* *
* *
e.g. 'I go (now); I don't go(now)'''I went (then); I didn't go then'
'I am going (in general); I amnot going (in general)'*
'I was going, used to go; I wasn'tgoing, didn't used to go'
'I had gone; I hadn't gone'
** 'I will go; I won't go'
* For most speakers, apparently, a durative negative form
does not exist; instead,the punctual negative form is
used for both aspects. Cf. below, lesson VIII.
** Aspect is irrelevant for these forms.
All 22sitilleverb forms may be suffixed by -wa and 7iia. (-wa as a
predicate marker attached to non-verbs is obligatory: e.g. tawakowa
is the only way of expressing 'is a girl'.) It is by no means clear
from published grammars or from the limited field work what the precise
functions of those suffixes are. The suffixes appear to be modal in part:
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63
LESSON VI - Grammar
-.al may introduce an element of doubt, possibility or anticipation -
but the action is yet to be completed; on the ether hand -wa may
introduce the element of certainty or firmness. The following future
tense and punctual forms may serve as illustrations, but the character-
izations must remain tentative:
sara 'I will go'
sarawa 'I am to go' (i.e. 'I must, should go')
sarajia 'I will be going'
In the punctual verb, we suspect the following meanings:
sarta come; came'
sartwa 'I came, have come' (possibly with emphasis on the
completion of the action in the.past). However,
where an adverb of time past is present, -wa can
be omitted.
sartlia 'I come, I came' (in the context. of 'if, were I to come')
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LESSON VI
Substitution Drill- Wasa arunac uscuiia
M. Nayajj yap lurascta.
E. Nayajj yap lurascta.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj yap lurasqui.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj yap lurasctan.
M. mare sarasctan
E. Jiwasajj marc sarasctan.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj marc sarasctajja.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj marc sarasipctan.
M. is eajjsisipctan
E. Jiwasanacajj is t'ajjsisipctan.
jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj is t'ajjsisipqui.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj is t'ajjsisipcta.
M. kawr awatisipcta
E. Nanacajj kawr awatisipcta.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj kawr awatiscta.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj kawr awatisipqui.
N. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj kawr awatisipctajja.
N. aych mank'asipctajja
E. Jumanacaii avch mnnktPqi.net.^44.,
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LESSON VI - Substitution Drill
M. Jumajj jach'a mes lurasctajja.
E. Jumajj jach a mes lurasctajja.
N. nayajj
E. Nayajj jach'a mes lurascta.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj jach'a mes ].urasctan.
M. walja chawll catusctan
E. Jiwasajj waija chawll catusctan.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj waija chawll catusipctajja.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj walja chawll catusipctan..
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj waija chawll catusipcta.
M. ch'ok alasipcta
E. Nanacajj waija ch'ok alasipcta.
jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj waija ch'ok alasipqui.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj waija ch'ok alascta.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj waija ch'ok alasctan.
M. qhaya khath sarasctan
E. Jiwasajj qhaya khath sarasctan.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj qhaya khath sarasipcta.
jumajj
E. Jumajj qhaya khath sarasctajja.
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66
LESSON IV - Substitution Drill.1
M. Jichhajj nayajj mamajjan isip t'ajjsiscta.*
E. Jichhajj nayajj mamajjan isip eajjsiscta.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jichhajj jiwasajj mamasan isip t'ajjsisctan.
M. jumajj
E. Jichhajj jumajj mamaman isip eajjsisctajja.
M. jilaman k'afiu utap pichasctajja
E. Jichhajj jumajj jilaman utap pichasctajja.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jichhajj jiwasanacajj jilasan k'afiu utap pichasipctan.
M. jupajj
E. Jichhajj jupajj jilapan leanu utap pichasqui.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jichhajj jumanacajj jilaman leaau utap pichasipctajja.
M. achilaman jach'a yapup lurasipctajja
E. Jichhajj jumanacajj achilaman jach'a yapup lurasipctajja.
M. nanacajj
*N.B. For drill purposes, change the possessive pronoun to agree with
the pronominal subject of the sentence. The grammar of the language
does not require that the possessive pronoun be in person agreement with
the subject of the sentence:
e.g. Jumajj mama: en-isip Cajjsisctr. 'You are cleaning yourmother's clothes.'
Jumajj manajjan.isip t'ajjsiscta. 'You are cleaning my mother'sclothes.'
--
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67
LESSON VI Substitution Drill
E. Jichhajj nanacajj achilajjan jach'a yapup lurasipcta.
M. nayajj
E. Jichhajj nayajj eghilajjan jach'a yapup lurascta.
N. jiwasajj
E. Jichhajj jiwasajj achilasan jach'a yapup lucasctan.
M. amigosan marcap sarasctan
E. Jichhajj jiwasajj amigosan marcap sarasctan.
M. tata Pedron
E. Jichhajj jawasajj tata Pedron marcap sarasctan.
M. jumajj
E. Jichhajj jumattata Pedron marcap sarasctajja..
t
n. Jichhajj nayajj jilajjan utap pichiriw sarascta.
E. Jichhajj nayajj jilajjan dtap pichiriw sarescta:
M. tata Joseajj
E. Jichhajj tata Joseajj jilapan utap pichir sarasqui.
N. jumamp nayampejj
E. Jichhajj jumamp nayampejj jilasan utap ichiriw sarasctan.
tatasan yapup luriiiw
E. Jichhajj jumamp nayampejj tatasan yapup luririw sarasctan.
M. .jumajj
E. Jichhajj jumajj tataman yapup luririw sarasctajja.
M. nayamp jumanacampejj
E. Jichhajj nayamp jumanacampejj tatasan yapup luririw sarasipctan.
r. nayamp warmejjampejj
E. Jichhajj nayamp waxmejjampejj tatajjan yapup luririw sarasipcta.
N. jumamp yokamampejj
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68
LESSON VI - Substitution Drill
E. Jichhajj jumamp yokamampejj tataman yapup luririw sarasipctajja.
tata Joseamp warmipampejj
E. Jichhajj tata Joseamp warmipampejj tatapan yapup luririw sarasipqui.
M. nayajj
E. Jichhajj nayajj tatajjan yapup luririw sarascta.
M. pelot anatiriw
E. Jichhajj nayajj pelot anatiriw sarascta.
N. tiojjamp nayampejj
E. Jichhajj tiojjamp nayampejj pelot anatiriw
M. jumamp tatamampejj
E. Jichhajj jumamp tatamampejj pelot anatiriw sarasipctajja.
M. jumamp nayampejj
E. Jichhajj jumamp nayampejj pelot anatiriw sarasctan.
Completion drill - Arunac phokachafia
1. Tata, cuns jumajj (lurea) ? lurascta
2. Tata, cuns jupajj (lurafia)? lurasqui
3. Tata cuns jiwasajj (lurafia)? lurasctan
4. Tatanaca, cuns jiwasanacajj _.(luraiia)? lurasipctan
5. Tatanaca, cuns nanacajj (lurafia)? lurasipcta
6. Tatanaca, cuns jumanacajj (lurafia)? lurasipcta
7. Tata, cuns jupanacajj (lurafia)? lurasipqui
1. Mama, cawcs jumajj (sarana)? sarascta
2. Mama, cawcs jupajj (sarea)? sarasqui
3. Mama, cawcs jiwasajj (sarafia)? sarasctan
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LESSON VI - Completion drill
4. Mamanaca, cawcs jiwasanacaji (saran a)
5. Mamanaca, cawcs nanacajj (sarefia)?
6. Mamanaca, cawcs jumanacajj (sarafia)?
7. Mama, cawcs jupanacajj (sarafia)?
1. Lulu, cuns jumajj'MIMMIOMOYMIN.O.V.,
(mank'ai,a)?
2. Lulu, cuns tatamajj
3. Lulu, cuns jumamp nayampejj
4. Awicha, cuns nayamp jupanacampejj
5. Awicha, cuns nayamp jilajjampejj
6. Tawako, cuns jumamp tatamampejj
7. Tawako, cuns Pablomp Davidampejj
(alasii:a)?
(manktafia)
Nayajj yap (lurafia)
2. Jiwasajj yap .(lurefia).
3. Jumajj yap (lurafia),
4. .Jupajj yap (lurai:a).
69
sarasipctan
sarasipcta
sarasipcta
sarasipcp
mank'asctz
alasisqui
mankiasccar
(t'ajjsiiia)ft'ajjsisipcm.
(luraiia)? lurasipcta
(umaaa) ?
(awatiaa)?
umasipcta
awatisiplui
lw:aszta
luraactan
Iukascta
. lurasqui
5. Jiwasanacajj yap (lurafie) lurasipctan
6. Nanacajj yap (lurafia.). lurasipcta
7. 'Jumanacajj yap (lurafia), lurasipcta
8. Jupanacajj yap (luraqa.): lUrasipqui
1. Mama, hayajj khath (saraaa) . sarascta
2. Mama, jiwasajj aych (mank'ai,a). mank'ascten
3. Mama, jumajj marc (saraaa). sarascta
4. Mama, jupajj cervez (umafia). umasqui
5. Tata, jiwasanacajj ut (pichafia). pichasipctan
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LESSON VI
6. Tata,
7. Tata,
8. Tata,
- Completion drill
nanacajj cart
jumanacalj caf6 (umefia);
jupanacajj kawr (awatifia).
1. Mama, nayajj tiojjan utap (sarana).
2. Mama, jumamp nayampejj awichasan t'ant'ap(mank'afia)
(pichafia).3. Mama, jumajj awichasan tiendap
4. Mama, tata Andresajj chawll (catuida).
5. Tatanaca, nayamp jumanacampejj qhaya jisc'a .
marc (sarafia) .
6. Tata, nayamp warmejjampejj vac
70
kellkasipcta
umasipcta
awatisipqui
sarascta
mank'asctan
pichascta
catusqui
sarasipctan
(awatifia). awatisipcta
lurasipcta
t'ajjsisikui
7. Tata, jumamp warmimampejj yap (luraha).
8. Tata, Mariamp Elenampejj is (t'ajjsifia).
1. Jichhajj nayajj cart
2. Jichhajj jiwasajj kot
3. Jichhajj jumajj aych
(kellkafia).
(saraibi.a).
(mank'aia).
4. Jichhajj jupajj tatapan utap visitiriw
(saraha) .
5. Jichhajj jiwasanacajj anatiriw (sarara).
Net
6. Jichhajj nanacajj ovej awatiriw (sarara).
7. Jichhajj jumanacajj tataman yapup
8. Jichhajj jupanacajj tiopan isip*
kellkascta
sarasctan
mank'ascta
sarasqui
sarasipctan
sarasipcta
(luraba). lurasipcta.
(t'ajjsifia) t'ajjsisipqui
1.. Nayajj t' ant' alasiriw jichhajj marc (sarana) .sarascta
2. Jiwasajj chawll caturiw jichhajj kot (satana). sarasctan
3. Jumajj mamaman utap pichiriw jichhajj (sarana). sarascta
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LESSON VI.- Completion drill
4. Jupajj pokot alasiriw jichbajj qhaya tiend
(sarela).
5. Jiwasanacajj amigosan isip t ajjsiriw jichhajj
(sara'.a) .
6. Nanacajj tatajjan kawrap awatiriw jichhajj koll
(sarana) .
7. Jumanacajj awichaman tiendap aych alasirfw
jichhajj (sarafia).
8. Jupanacajj tiapan vacap awatiriw jichhajj qhaya.
koll (sarana).
71
sarasqui
sarasipctan
sarasipcta
sarasipcta
strasipqui
1. Jichhajj nayajj tata Davidan isip (t'ajjsibe). t'ajjsiscta
2. Jichhajj jumajj warmiman vacap
3. Jichhajj jumamp'nayampejj amigosan vacap
(elasiAa).
tata Joseajj yokapan jach'a yapup
(lurafta)
(awatiria). awatiscta
4. Jichhajj
5. Jichhajj nayamp jumanacampejj walja cart
alasisctan
lurasqul
(kellkeha) kellkasipctan
6. Jichhajj nayamp warmejjampejj walja kawr
(awatifia).
7. Jichhajj jumamp phuchamampejj walja is
.awatisipcta
(t'ajjsina). t'ajjsisi.pcta
8. Jichhajj Pablomp, Pedromp, Joseampajj walja t' ant'
(alasifia). alasipqui
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72
LESSON VI
Questions and Answers - saanacampi
I. Positive - Chekanaca
N. Juman wawamajj t'ant' mank'asquiti?
E. Jisa, nayan wawajjajj t'ant' mank'asquiwa.
M. Mama, juman phuchamajj cafe umasquiti?
E. Jisa, nayan phuchajjajj cafe umasquiwa.
M. Mama, jichhajj jilamajj aych alasisquiti?
E. Jisa, jichhajj jilajjajj aych alasisquiwa.
M. Lulu, jumamp jisc'a jilamampejj t'ant' mank'asipctajja?
E. Jisa, nayamp jisc'a jilajjampejj t'ant' mank'asipcta.
M. Awicha, jilamajj cafe umasquiti
E. Jisa, umasquiwa.
M. Lulu, mamamajj aych mank'asquiti?
E. Jisa, mank'asquiwa.
M. Jiwasan wawasajj t'ant' mank'asquiti?
E. Jisa, mank'asquiwa.
Carlosajj qhaya jachva jawir sarasquiti?
E. Jisa, sarasquiwa.
M. Jumajj oke kawr awatisctati?
E. Jisa, oke kawr awatiscta.
II. M. Tata, cawcs mama Mariajj sarasqui?
E. Mama Mariajj awichapan utap visitiriw sarasqui.
N. Tata, cuns yokamajj lurasqui?
E. Yokajjajj tiopan yapup lurasqui.
M. Lulu, cuns jumamp jisc'a jilamampejj mank'asipctajja?
E. Hayamp jisc'a jilajjampejj suma t'ant' mank'asipcta.
M. Lulu, cuns tatamajj lurasqui?
E. Tatajjajj chawll catusqui.
M. Cawcs Joseamp Davidampejj sarasipqui?
E. Joseamp Davidampejj is t'ajjsiriw jawir sarasipqui.
M. Mama, cawcs chachamajj sarasqui?
E. Chachajjajj tatapan utap pichiriw sarasqui.
M. Mama, cuns tata Davidan cuilacapajj jichhajj lurasqui?
E. Tata Davidan cullacapajj jichhajj kawr awatisqui.
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16,
LESSON VI
Dialogue - Cuento
Joseampi Mariampi
Jose: Buenos dias, mama Marla!1
Maria: Buenos dias, tata Jose!
Jose: Cawcs sarasct mama Maria?
Maria: Nayajj mamajjan utap ovej awatiriw sarasct, tata JOse.
Jose: Mamaman ovejapajj waljati?
Maria: JYs tata Jose, waljawa.
Jose: Waliquiw, waliquiw mara Maria..
Maria: Jumasti tata Jose, cawcs sarasctajja?
Jose: Nayajj chawil caturiw kot sarascta.
Maria: Ualiauiw, waliquiw tata Josen
NOTES
1 Buenos dies (winus tias) cf. Spanish imenos dtas.
f
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LESSON VII - Pakailkor lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
aljada vender to sell
asquichana arreglar to arrange
churalia (ru] dar to give
chsucela coser to sew
jaqhufia contar to count
jariiia lavar, banar to bathe, to wash
khech'aiia regar to irrigate
mank'a comida food
munafia desir want
parla:ta (from Spanish hablar to talkparlay 'tochatter')
sabado (sawaru) sabado Saturday
samarada descansar to rest
thokoLA bailar to dance
uywa animales domesticos domestic animals
uywa mank'a comida de animales animal food
yatekada aprender to learn
yanapada (ru] ayudar to help
Grammar - smaptallattoli
I. Punctual aspect emphasizes a point in time which can be both in the
present or past tense: e.g. 'I go; I went.'
sarta sartan saraRiiIALLsartwa -wa -wasartjja
sarta-wa
sari-wa-jja
snrapjitosarapiitvasarapijtjignarapjjta
-wa-jja
sarapjje-wa
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75
LESSON VII - Grammar
On differences between free forms and forms with -wa and 7,cf. grammar, Lesson VI.
N.B. The particles -wa and -jia may be attached. to the object of the
verb instead of the verb. It is not clear what change in meaning is
involved. Cf. also grammar, Lesson I.
e.g. Navajj Davidan phuchampeij thokoL munta. 'I want, to dance withDavid's daughter.'
'I want to dance withmy friend's daughter.'
-wa may be affixed to a verb form in -ri or to the object of such a verb:
ys22aLpagNealnlumaine'famiosanaywanacaper mank' chuririw
ilitaiLmummjilm. 'You and I want to come to feed our friend's'domestic animals.'!
Jtipanicajj'iata AndreSan.caballoparuw Mankt:churir _;uta mullmiie.
'They want to come to feed senor Andres' horses.'
Cne informant seems to differentiate the 1st and 2nd person singular
form by means of
jumojj sarta4ja
II. The verb munafia 'to want' may govern as its object a noun ?hrase
(e.g. cervez munta 'I want beer') or a verb phrase introduced by an
infinitive (e.g. yanapaii munta 'I want to help'). If the object of
the infinitive, in turn, is a verb phrase, a second infinitive may fol-
low: Infinitive + Infinitive + Verb
e.g. Nuelimplaammiat'ajjsia yanpaLl munta. 'I want to help mymother to clean clothes.'
Jiwasanacajj tata Pabloruw mes luraiLyanauLlameniitan.
'We want to help sefior Pablo construct a table.'
If the direct object of an infinitive of a verb of motion (e.g. sarafia
'to go') is a verb phrase,a form in -ri is required:
-ri verb + Infinitive + Verb.
e.g. anasaij tioman yokapampiw chawll catur saran. munapjjta.
'We want to go with your uncle's boy to catch fish.'
(i.e., 'catching fish' - an action simultaneous with that ofthe main verb.)
Jupanacajj mama Margaritampiw Pedron uta visitir saran: munapije.
'They want to go with se ora Margarita to visit Pedro's house.'
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76
LESSON VII - Grammar
III. Some verbs require the affixation of -ru to the object they govern;
the Spanish equivalent is frequently a.
e.g. Wall221111_iwnIank'churaiLmunta. (Sp. dar comida a)
'I want to give food to the chickens.'
Egyaidmamadjaruw is t'aiisui. vanaoaii munta.-(Sp. ayudar a)
'I want to help my mother to wash clothes.'
Verbs which must govern ru are marked in the vocabulary by [ru].
Verbs which can govern ru but need not are marked by [itu]. In such
optional cases, we suspect that the use of ru is influenced by the
Spanish model. Cf, earlier reference to ru in grammar, LesJon VI.
The indirect object with --ru- usually precedes the direct object.
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LESSON VII
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscufia
M. Nayajj khath saran munta.
E. Nayajj khath saran munta.
M. marc jutafi
E. Nayajj marc jute' munta.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj marc jutafi muni.
M. ovej awatifi
E. Jupajj ovej awatiti muni.
M. jumajj
E. Jupajj ovej awatifi muntajja.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj ovej awatifi muntan.
N. chawil catufi
E. Jiwasajj chawil catufi muntan.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj chawil catufi munapjjta.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj chawli catufi munapjjtajja.
M. pelot anatafi
E. Jumanacajj pelot anatafi munapjjtajja.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj pelot anatafi munapjj tan.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj pelot anatafi munta.
N. aymar yatekafi
E. Nayajj aymar yatekafi munta.
M. jupajj.
E. Jupajj aymar yatekafi muni.
.
. . .
77
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78
LESSON VII - Substitution drill
M. Tata Davidajj thokoR muni.
E. Tata Davidajj thokof? muni.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj thokon muntan.
M. cafe uman
E. Jiwasajj cafe uman muntan.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj cafe uman munapjjta.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj cafe uman muntajja.
M. kot saran
E. Jumajj kot saran muntajja.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. 'Jiwasanacajj kot saran munapjjtan.
M. yap khech'afi
E. Jiwasanacajj yap khech'an munapjjtan.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj yap khech'afi-munapjje.
M. aymar yatekan
E. Jupanacajj aymar yatekaii munapjje.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj aymar yatekafi munta.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj aymar yateke muni.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj aymar yatekan munapjjtajja.
M. cart kellkan
E. Jumanacajj cart kellkafi munapjjtajja.
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79
LESSON VII - Substitution drill
M. Joseajj jilapan.utap yap luririw saran muni.
E. Joseajj jilapan utap yap luririw saran muni.
N. jumajj
E. Jumajj jilaman utap yap luririw sare muntajja.
M. jutan
E. Jumajj jilaman utap yap luririw jutan muntajja.
N. kawr awatiriw
E. Jumajj jilaman utap kawr awatiriw jutal. muntajja.
jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj jilasan utap kawr awatiriw jutaf. tuntan.
M. caballopar manktchuran
E. Jiwasajj jilasan caballopar mank' churafi muntan.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj jilajjan caballopar mank' churan munapjjta.
N. yokajjan wallpapar
E. Nanacajj yokajjamwallpapar mank' munapjjta.
M. wawapar t'ant'
E. Nanacajj yokajjan wawapar t' ant' churau munapjjta.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj yokasan wawapar t'ant' churan munapjjtan.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj yokaman wawapar t'ant' churan munapjjtajja.
M. chawll catet yanapan
E. Jumanacajj yokasan wawapar chawll catun yanapai munapjjtajja.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj yokajjan wawapar chawll catuii yanapaf munta.
M. amigojjan phuchapar
E. Nayajj amigojjan phuchapar chawll.catua yanapaa munta.
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80
LESSON VII - Substitution drill
N. Nayajj cullacajjar yanapiriw arumanthejj marc jutaii munta.
E. Nayajj cullacajjar yanapiriw arumanthejj marc jutan munta.
M. tatamajj
E. Tatamajj cullacapar yanapiriw arumanthejj marc jutafi muni.
EL ques aljiriw
E. Tatamajj ques aljiriw arumanthejj marc jute muni.
M. jumamp nayampejj
E. Jumamp nayampejj ques aljiriw arumanthejj marc muntan.
M. khath saran
E. Jumamp nayampejj ques aljiriw arumanthejj khath saran muntan.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj ques aljiriw arumanthejj khath saran muntajja.
EL is t'ajjsiriw jawir
E. Jumajj is t'ajjsiriw arumanthejj jawir sarel muntajja.
EL jutir semanajj Andresan caballoparuw mank'churir
E. Jumajj jutir semanajj Andresan caballoparuw mank'churir sarai) muntajja.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj jutir semanajj tata Andresan caballoparuw mank' churirsaran munapj j tan.
M. nanacajj khartirojj
E. Nanacajj kharlirojj tata Andresan caballoparuw mank'churir saranmunapjjta.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj kharlirojj tata Andresan caballoparuw mank' churir saranmunapjje.
EL um churir jute
E. Jupanacajj kharilrojj tata Andresan caballoparuw um churir jutaFmunapjje.
M. jumanacajj arumanthejj mamajjan waneuparuw
E. Jumanacajj arumanthejj mamajjan waneuparuw um churir jutemunapjjtajja.
M. Joseajj
E. Joseajj arumanthejj mamajjan waneuparuw um churir jute muni.
1
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31
LESSON VII
Completion drill - Arunac phokachata
Replace the pronoun and verb form for all persons: repeat with different
infinitive constructions
Navaii marc saran munta.
chawll caturi
yap luraft
ut pichafi
cart kellkan
pelot anataii
is ch'ucuh
samara&
visitan
aymar yatekah
chawll jaqhuh
cervez uman
OS
Questions and Answers - Alect'eanacampi law saanzcampi
Positive - Chekanaca
M. Jumajj marc muntati?
E. Jis tata, nayajj marc saran muntwa.
U. Pedrojj Chuquiag muniti?
E. Jis tata, jupajj saran muniwa.
Jumamp cullacamampejj uywanacar churai munapjjtati?
E. JTs tata, nayamp cullacajjampejj uywanacar mank' chura,_ munapjjtwa.
M. Pablomp tatapampejj uyw awati: munapjjeti?
E. Jis tata, jupanacajj uyw awatifi munapjjewa.
N. Jumajj Davidan phuchapampejj thokoii muntati?
E. Jis tata, nayajj Davidan phuchapampejj thokoii muntwa.
M. Nayajj jutir sabadojj khath jutati?
E. Jis tata, jumajj jutir sabadojj khath jutgtawa.
Jupajj cart kellke muniti?
E. Jis tata, jupajj cart kellkati muniwa.
N. Jumajj qhaya jachia k'a-au ut muntati?
1
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LESSON VIII - Dialogue
83
V. Nayajj Cuerpo de Pazanquir!tuwa,8 nayew yanapail munta.
J. Dios pagarWtam, Mama; yanapitay.9
10V. Khariiroj j nayajj jutta, ullaCama
11 juma uju:ataqui lac llupha:.amawa12
.
Wali suma koilanak churHma, kharurcama.14
J. Khartircamay,9mama.
.11
NOTES
1 'They inform me': avisaaa [ru].
2 'Is that true?'
3 'I am sick': usuttGa: nayajj usuttwa
1131Mijust....awalupajj usutawa, etc.
4 'very'
5 'I have a cough': uiula 'to cough', uju 'cough'
u'unia 'to have a cough' (-ni- indicates possession)
6 'temperature' (calintura)
7 'I am also very thin': fugha 'thin'eughea 'be thin'-raqui- 'also'
'I am thin' eughat(u)wa'I am also thin' hara uit(u)wa
8 'I am from the Peace Corps' (Curnu di Paz):
(cf, Lesson IV on -nca,a/-ncasca:.a)
-irM- added to verb stem (verb-otem is Tokmed by lengtheningof the vowel ) 'frare.
-(a n- location suffix
-c( q) relative pronoun 'which, who' (cf. also Lesson VI)
e.g. cawquirouirYsa? 'Where is he from?'
canaLasuirltlAW 'Where are you from?'
Iluaritrit(ti)wa 'I am from Huarina.'
9 'Them help me.' = 'then'
10 'Tomorrow'
11 'In the meantime'
12 'Cover your mouth to cough.'
. .
laca 'mouthRjul 'to cough' + taqui 'for the
purpose of
taqui may be attached to infinitives,
nouns and pronouns' to cover'
13 'I will give you very good medicines.' kolla 'medicine.'
14 'Until tomorrow' -cama 'until'
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84
LESSON VIII - Quimsakallkor lecciona
Grammar - Suma parlafiataqui
According to Rudimentos de gramgtica aymara (published by the Canadian
Baptist Mission, La Paz) there is no durative negative form (cf p. 50);
the punctual negative form must be used instead. Nor is there discussion
of this form in Juan Enrique Ebbing's Gramgtica y diccionario aimara
(La Paz 1965). However, durative negative forms have been consistently
elicited from Sra. de Vega. TTe have found no examples in the
material gathered from Sr. Quispe.
It is our tentative hypothesis that the construction
may be an innovation in the speech of bilinguals patterned on Spanish
positive and negative present progressive forms:
e.g. esay trabajando 'I am working'
noassoLlsabsigek 'I am not working'
The forms recorded from Sra. de Vega are the following:
sarafia
'aniw sarascti janiw sarasctanti
'I am/was not going'
janiw sarasctati
janiw sarasquiti
The durative interrogative negative is formed
interrogative marker -1i to the negative jani
positive verb forms:
(nayajj) janit sarascta?'Am/was I not going?'
(jumaji) janit sarascta?
(upajj) janit sarasqui, etc.
janiw sarasipstaati
janiw sarasiocti
janiw arasi ctati
janiw :arasipquiti
by attaching the
together with the
Questions and Answers - Jisceafianacampi iyaw sailanacampi
Negative - Jan chekanaca
Durative verb forms.
N.B. Where -jjg is added to the verb in interrogative sentences intro-
duced by a question word, it receives the stress. In interrogative
sentences lacking a question word, the suffix -tf is used:
e.g. Tata, cuns lurasctajjg9 'Seror, what are you doing?'
tatamajj yap 'Honey (little girl), is yourfather working the field?'
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85
LESSON VIII - Questions and AnswersNegative
Tata, cuns lurasctajW
E. Nayajj janiw cuns lurascti.
M. Juman wawamajj t'ant' mank'asquiti ?.
E. Janiwa, nayan wawajjajj janiw t' ant' mank'asquiti.
N. Tata, cawcs tata Felipejj sarasqui?
E. Tata Felipejj janiw cawcs sarasquiti, jupajj utapancasquiwa.
;1. Tata, carats mama Ilariajj sarasqui?
E. Mama Mariajj janiw cawcs sarasquiti, jupajj khathuncasquiwa.
M. Tata, cuns yokamajj lurasqui7
E. Yokajjajj janiw cuns lurasquiti, jupajj wali jayrawa.
M. Lulu, cuns jumamp jise'a jilamampejj mank'asipetajja?
E. Nayamp jisc'a jilajjampejj janiw cuns mank'asipcti.
M. Lulu, tacamajj yap lurasquiti?
E. Janiwa, tatajjajj janiw yap lurasquiti.
M. Joseamp Davidampejj chawll catusipat4ti?
R. Janiwa, Joseamp Davidampejj janiw chawll catusipquiti.
M. Jumamp cullacamampejj jichhajj is t'ajjsusipctati':
E. Janiwa, nayamp cullacajjampejj.janiv jichhajj is eajjsusipctati.
M. Jumajj jichhajj pelot anatasctati?
E. Janiwa, nayajj jichhajj janiw pelot anatasctati.
M. Juman mamamajj chiok alasisquiti?
E. Janiwa, nayan mamajjajj janiw dEt'oh alasisquiti.
Chachamajj escuel pichir sarasquiti?
E. Janiwa, chachajjajj janiw escuel pichir sarasquiti.
M. Jumamp yokamampejj cafe umasipctati?
E. Janiwa, nayamp yokajjampejj janiw cafe umasipcti.
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86
LESSON IX - Llatunquir lecciona
Grammar - Suma parlanataqui
Punctual negative : 'I do not , I did not
saraa
sarcti sarctanti sarapctanti
sarapcti
sarctati sarapctati
sarapquiti
Analysis: sar- verb' stem*
-c...ti discontinuous negative infix
pluralizer
Endings for the punctual negative:
1 no ending -tan -tan
no ending
2 -ta -ta
3 -i
In negative constructions, the particles -wa/-iia are not used.
In punctual interrogative negative sentences, the interrogative
suffix -ti is affixed to negative jani. The verb form is identical
to the declarative negative form but lacks the final negative -ti.
In the 1st person singular and plural-ta replaces -ti:
e.g. Nayajj janit sarcta? 'Do I not go; did I not go?'
'Do you not go; did you not go?'
JupalLiajLaitsari? 'Does he not go; did he not go?'
* The verb stem is the infinitive stem minus the final vowel.
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LESSON IX
Substitution Drill - Uasa arunac uscua
Nayajj janiw yap lurcti.
L. Nayajj janiw yap lurcti.
N. jupajj
E. Jupajj janiw yap lurquiti.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj janiw yap lurctanti.
marc sarctanti
L. Jiwasajj janiw marc sarctanti.
M. jumajj
F. Jumajj janiw marc sarctati.
h. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj janiw marc sarapctanti.
M. is t'ajjsipctanti
L. Jiwasanacajj janiw is t'ajjsipctanti.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj janiw is t'ajjsipquiti.
E. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj janiw is t'ajjsipcti.
M. kawr awatipcti
E. Nanacajj janiw kawr awatipcti.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj janiw kawr awatcti.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj janiw kawr awatipquiti.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj janiw kawr awatipctati.
M. aych mank'apctati
E. Jumanacajj janiw aych mank'apctati.Hosted for free on livelingua.com
88
LESSCN IX - Substitution drill
M. Jumajj janiw jach'a mes lurctati.
E. Jumajj janiw jach'a mes lurctati.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj janiw jach'a mes lurcti.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj janiw jach'a mes lurctanti.
M. walja chawll catctanti
E. Jiwasajj janiw walja chawll catctanti.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj janiw walja chawll catupctati.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj janiw walja chawll catupctanti.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj janiw walja chawll catupcti.
M. ch'ok alasipcti
E. Nanacajj janiw walja ch'ok alasipcti.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj janiw walja ch'ok alasipquiti.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj janiw walja ch'ok alascti.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj janiw walja ch'ok alasctanti.
M. qhaya khath sarctanti
E. Jiwasajj janiw qhaya khath sarctanti.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj janiw qhaya khath sarapcti.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj janiw qhaya khath sarctati.Hosted for free on livelingua.com
LESSON IX - Substitution drill
M. Jichhajj nayajj janiw mamajjan isip t'ajjscti.
E. Jichhajj nayajj janiw mamajjan isip t'ajjscti.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jichhajj jiwasajj janiw mamasan isip eajjsctanti.
M. jumajj
E. Jichhajj jumajj janiw mamanan isip t'ajjsctati.
M. jilaman utap pichctati
E. Jichhajj jumajj janiw jilaman k'a ?iu utap pichctati.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jichhajj jiwasanacajj janiw jilasan utap pichapctanti.
M. jupajj
E. Jichhajj jupajj janiw jilapan utap pichquiti.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jichhajj jumanacajj janiw jilaman L'aau utap pichapctati.
M. achilaman jach'a yapup lurapctati
E. Jichhajj jumanacajj janiw achilaman jach'a yapup lurapctati.
M. nanacajj
E. Jichhajj nanacajj janiw achilajjan jach'a yapup lutapcti.
M. nayajj
E. Jichhajj nayajj janiw achilajjan jach'a yapup lurcti.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jichhajj jiwasajj janiw achilaman jach'a yapup lurctanti.
M. amigosan marcap sarctanti
E. Jichhajj jiwasajj janiw amigosan marcap sarctanti.
M. tata Pedron
E. Jichhajj jiwasajj janiw tata Pedron marcap sarctanti.
M. jumajj
E. Jichhajj juu ajj janiw tata Pedron marcap sarctati.
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90
LESSON IX - Substitution Drill
M. Jichhajj nayajj janiw jilajjan utap pichir sarcti.
E. Jichhajj nayajj janiw jilajjan utap pichir sarcti.
M. tata Joseajj
E. Jichhajj tata Joseajj janiw jilapan utap pichir sarquiti.
M. jumamp nayampejj
E. Jichhajj jumamp nayampejj janiw jilasan utap pichir sarctanti.
M. tatasan yapup lurir
E. Jichhajj jumamp nayampejj janiw tatasan yapup lurir sarctanti.
jumajj
E. Jichhajj jumajj janiw tataman yapup lurir sarctati.
M. nayamp jumanacampejj
E. Jichhajj nayamp jumanacampejj janiw tatasan yapup lurir sarapctanti.
M. nayamp warmejjampejj
E. Jichhajj nayamp warmejjampejj janiw tatajjan yapup lurir sarapcti.
M. jumamp yokamampejj
E. Jichhajj jumamp yokamampejj janiw tataman yapup lurir sarapctati.
M. tata Joseamp warmipampejj
E. Jichhajj tata Joseamp warmipampejj janiw tatapan yapup lurir
sarapquiti.
M. nayajj
E. Jichhajj rayajj janiw tatajjan yapup lurir sarcti.
M. Pedron can..,ap pelot anatir
E. Jichhajj nayajj janiw Pedron canchap pelot anatir sarcti.
M. tiojj amp nayampejj
E. Jichhajj tiojjamp nayampejj janiw Pedron canchap pelot anatir
sarapcti.
M. jumamp tatamampejj
E. Jichhajj jumamp tatamampejj janiw Pedron canchap pelot anatirsarapctati.
M. jumamp nayampejj
E. Jichhajj jumamp nayampejj janiw Pedron canchap pelot anatir
sarctanti. Hosted for free on livelingua.com
01.
LESSON IX
Completion Drill - Arunac phokacha:la
Give the verb form corresponding to each of the C pronominal
subjects and iumamp navampejj, nayamp warmejjampeji, nayamp jumanacampea.
Nama, nayajj janiw yap lurcti.
jumajj
etc.
Mama, nayajj janiw Ehath'sarcti.
Mama, nayajj janiw aych mank'cti.
Tata, nayajj janiw cervez umcti.
Tata, nayajj janiw ut pichcti.
Tata, nayajj janiw careksllkcti.
Tawako, nayajj janiw kair awatipcti.
Tawako, nayajj janiw .awichajjan tiendap pichcti.
Lulu, nayajj janiw qhaya jisc'a marc sarcti.
Questions and Answers - _Jisceatianacampi ivaw sananacawni:
Negative - Jan chekanaca
M. Tata, cuns lurasctajja?
E. Nayajj janiw cuns lurcti
M. Juman wawamajj t'ant' mableasquiti
E. Janiwa, nayan wawajjajj janiw t' ant' mank'quiti.
M. Tata, cawcs.,tata Felipejj sarasqui?
E. Tata Felipejj janiw cawcs sarquiti, jupajj utapancasquiwa.
M. Tata, cawcs mama maxiajj sarasqui?
L. Mama Eariajj janiw cawcs sarquiti, jupajj khathurcasquiwa.
M. Tata, cuns yokamajj lurasqai?
E. Yokajjajj janiw cuns lurquiti, jupajj wali jayrawa.
M. Lulu, cuns jumemp jisc'a jilamampejj mank'asipctejja?
E. Nayamp jisc'a jilajjampejj janiw cuns nank'apcti.
M. Lulu, tatamajj yap lurasquiti?
E. Janiwa, tatajjajj janiw yap lurquiti.
M. Joseamp Davidampejj chawll catusipquiti?
E. Janiwa, Joseamp Davidampejj janiw chawil catupcjuiti.
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92
LESSON IX - Questions and AnswersNegative
M. Jumamp cullacamampejj jichhajj is t'ajjsisipctati?
E. Janiwa, nayamp cullacajjampejj janiw jichhajj is t'ajjsipcti.
Jumajj jichhajj pelot anatasctati?
E. Janiwa, nayajj jichhajj janiw pelot anatcti.
J. Juman mamamajj ch'ok alasisquiti?
E. Janiwa, nayan mamajjajj janiw ch'ok alasquiti.
M. Chachamajj escuel pichir sarasquiti?
E. Janiwa, chachajjajj janiw escuel pichir sarquiti.
N. Jumamp yokamampejj cafe umasipctati?
E. Janiwa, nayamp yokajjampejj janiw cafe umapcti.
M. Jichhajj nayajj janit cart kellkcta?
E. JYsa, jichhajj jumajj janiw cart kellkctati.
M. Jichhajj jumajj janit aych mank'cta?
E. Jisa, jichhajj nayajj janiw aych mank'cti.
M. Jichhajj jupajj janit tatapan utap visitir sarqui?
E. JYsa, jupajj janiw tatapan utap visitir sarquiti.
M. Jumajj jauit mamaman utap pichir jichhajj sarcta?
E. JTsa, nayajj janiw mamaman utap pichir jichhajj sarcti.
14. Nanacajj janit tatajjan kawrap awatir jichhajj sarapcta?
E. J!sa, nanacajj janiw tatajjan kawrap awatir jichhajj sarapcti.
M. Jichhajj Pablomp, Pedromp, Joseampejj janit walja t' ant' alasipqr:i9
E. JYsa, Pablomp, Pedromp, Joseampejj janiw waija eanealasipquiti.
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LESSON IX
Dialogue - Cuento
Carolina:
David:
C.
D.
C.
D.
C.
DAVIDAMP .CARdLIirAltPI
Tata David, cuns lurasctajja?
Ay mama Carolina, nayajj janiv cuns lurcti, ovej awatiscta.
Ay tata David, ovejamajj waljati?
Ovejajjajj janiw waljEquiti. Jumasti mama Carolina is
t'ajjsisctati?
Janiw6tata David, nayajj janiw is t'ajjscti.
Cawcs jichhajj jumajj sarasctajj, mama Carolina?
Nayajj"jichhajj qhaya jawir sarascta.
D. Waliquiw, mama Carolina, wa!iciuiwa.
C. Sarawayjja1
tata David.
D.
C.
2Saraquimay mama Carolina, jiquisi.cama.-'
Jiquisi: camay tata David.
NOTES
1 'I'll be going now': sargwayija
saaway
jia
suture tense'in passing'now'
2 'May you have a nice time': saraquimav
sara verb rootquima indicates encouragement
y(a) 'then'
plural: saraptaguinlay.
3 'Until we see each other': liquina 'to meet'
liquisiia 'to meet one another'
(-si- = reciprocal or reflexive action)
-cama 'until'
synonym = uhjasificama (from utkiaria. 'to see')
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LESSON X - Tunquir lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
arumanthi manana por la menana
camisaqui cOmo estgs?
jutalia
jutir domingo (tuminju)
jutir juevesa (jiwisa)
jutir lunesa (lunisa)
jutir martesa (martisa)
jutir miercolesa(mirculisa)
jutir sabado (sawaru)
jutir semana (sinana)
jutir viernesa(wirnisa)
khartru
k'oma
mg, maya
yapuchafia
zapato (sapatu)
1111111.1111101110111011110116111111111Mormooab.--.------
venir
prOxima domingo
prOximo jueves
prOximo lunes
prOximo martes
pr6ximo miercoles
prOximo sabado
pr6xima semana
proximo viernes
mafiana
limpio
uno
cultivar
zapato
tomorrow morning
how are you?
to come
next Sunday
nest Thursday
next Monday
next Tuesday
next Wednesday
next Saturday
next week
next Friday
tomorrow
clean
one, a
to cultivate
shoe
94
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95
LESSON X
grammar - Sum parlaiiataaui
Future tense: endings are added to the final voyel of the infinitive stem
(-a-, -i-, -u -); in the 1st person singular and plural, the final 'prig
vowel carries the stress:
Verb stem ending in : lkirafa
sarg sarailni AMAPtijaigni
sarMta
sarani
Analysis: sara- root
-pjja- pluralizer
endings:
-a (-aa = -g) -Cgni
-a ( -ad -ID
-ate (-aata = -Hta) at (-aata = Mta)
-ni
Infinitive stem ending in -i- : awatiLa
awati awatiiMni
etc.
fAKEILia
sarrptigta
sarapiiani
Infinitive stem ending in -u-: catea
catg cattflni catupijaLgni
etc.
The particles -wa and -jia may be affixed to future tense forms. As
was stated in Lesson VI, -17a seems to introduce the meaning of necessity:
sarRwa ' I have to go' (Sp. d
The particle seems to imply progressive action in the future:
sargija 'I will be going' (Sp. ysysaair).
II. There is no indefinite article in Aymara. The numeral 'one' in it3 short
form (m1) serves this function. (On th., definite article cf.Grammar,
Lesson II .)
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LESSON X
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuia
M. Nayajj marc sari.
E. Nayajj marc sara.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj marc sarani.
M. yap lurani
E. Jupajj yap lurani
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj yap lurapjjani.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj yap luranani.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj yap lurapjjaftani
jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj yap lurapjjata.
M. kawr awatipjjata
E. Jumanacajj kawr awatipjjata.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj kawr awatipjja.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj kawr awadta.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj kawr awati.
M. aych mank'a
E. Nayajj aych mank'a.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj aych mank'anani.
96
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LESSON X - Substitution Drill
M. Nayajj tatajjan yapup lurh.
E. Nayajj tatajjan yapup lura.
M. tiojjan
E. Nayajj tiojjan yapup lurk..
M. utap pichh
E. Nayajj tiojjan utap:pichh.
A. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj tiosan utap pichafihni.
M. jumajj cullacaman
E. Jumqjj cullacaman utap pichgta.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj cullacasan utap pichapjjafIgni.
M. alasipjjafigni
E. Jiwasanacajj cullacasan utap alasipjjafigni.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj cullacajjan utap alasipjjg.
M. cullacajjan vacap
E. Nanacajj cullacajjan vacap alasipjjg.
K. jumajj
E. Jupajj cullacapan vacap alasini.
M. jilapan librop
E. Jupajj jilapan librop alasini.
M. cafeap unani
E. Jupajj jilapan cafeap umani.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj jilaman cafeap umapjgta.
M. hayajj
E. Nayajj jilajjan cafeap umg.
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LESSON 8 - Substitution Drill
M. Nayajj walja t'ant' mank'g.
E. Nayajj walja t' ant' manieg.
M. tata Pedrojj
E. Tata Pedrojj walja t'ant' mank'ani.
M. nayamp jumanacampejj
E. Nayamp jumanacampejj walja t'ant' mank'apjjafigni.
M. cart kellkapjjafigni
E. Nayamp jumanacampejj walja cart kellkapjjafigni.
M. nayamp tatajjampejj
E. Nayamp tatajjampejj walja cart kellkapjjg.
M. jumamp warmimampejj
E. Jumamp warmimampejj walja cart kellkapjjatM.
M. aych alasiriw sarapjjata
E. Jumamp warmimampejj walja aych alasiriw sarapjjgta.
M. nayamp jumampejj
E. Nayamp jumampejj walja aych alasiriw sarafigni.
M. ch'ok alasiriw
E. Nayamp jumampejj walja ch'ok alasiriw sarafigni.
M. mamasan utap visitiriw jutafigni.
E. Nayamp jumampejj mamasan utap visitiriw jutaFigni.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj mamaman utap visitiriw jutgta.
M. Pedromp cullacapampejj
E. Pedromp cullacapamepjj mamapan utap visitiriw jutajjani.
M. nayamp jilajjampejj
E. Nayamp jilajjampejj mamajjan utap visitiriw jutapjig.
98
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99
LESSON X - Substitution Drill
M. Arumanthejj Rositajj tiopan yapup luririw sarani.
E. Arumanthejj Rositajj tiopan yapup luririw saraui.
M. jumajj
E. Arumanthejj jumajj tioiran yapup luririw sar &fta.
M. yokaman isip t'ajjsiriw
E. Arumanthejj jumajj jokaman isip t'ajjsiriw sargta.
M. jutata
E. Arumanthejj jumajj yokaman isip.eajjkariw jutgta.
M. jumamp chachamampejj
E. Arumanthejj jumamp chachamampejj yokaman isip t'ajjsiriw jutatijjgta.
M. utap pichiriw
E. Arumanthejj jumamp .chachamampejj yokaman utap pichiriw jutapjjgta.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj arumanthejj yokajjan utap pichiriw jutapjjg.
M. jutir semanajj
E. Jutir semanajj nanacajj yokajjan utap pichiriw jutapjjg.
N. cervezap umiriw sarapjja
E. Jutir semanajj nanacajj yokajjan cervezap umiriw sarapjji.
nayajj
E. Jutir semanajj nayajj yokajjan cervezap umiriw sari.
M. kharkirojj tatajjan
E. Khariirojj nayajj tatajjan cervezap umiriw saia.
M. Chuquiag zapat alasiriw
E. Kharlirojj nayajj Chuquiag zapat alasiriw sari.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Kharlirojj jiwasanacajj Chuquiag zapat alasiriw sarapjjaani.
M. ch'ok alasiriw
E. Khartirojj jiwasanacajj Chuquiag ch'ok alasiriw sarapjjafigni.
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LESSON X
Completion drill - Arunac phokachatia
Supply the appropriate forms of the verb manleana
Nayajj t'ant'
Jumajj t'ant'
Jupajj t'ant'
Jumamp nayampejj t'ant'
Nayamp jumanacampejj t'ant'
Nayamp yokajjampejj t'ant'
Jumamp Elenampejj t'ant'
Andresamp Pablompejj t'ant'
Supply the appropriate forms of the verb awatifia
Arumanthejj
Arumanthejj
Arumanthejj
Arumanthejj
Arumanthejj
Arumanthejj
Arumanthejj
Arumanthejj
nayajj tiojjan ovejap
jumajj tioman ovejap
jupajj jilapan ovejap
jiwasajj tioman ovejap
jiwasanacajj tata Pablon ovejap
nanacajj tata Pablon kawrap
jumanacajj achilaman kawrap
jupanacajj achilapan kawrap
Conjugate:
Cawcs nayajj sara?
jumajj
etc.
Cuns nayajj lurg?
jumajj
etc.
Nayajj cuns manieg?
Jumajj
etc.
100
mank''
manklgta
mank'ani
mank'ailani
mank'apjjegni
mank'apjjg
mank'apjjata
mank'apjjani
awatY
awatita
awati7.12:
awatiaini
awatipjjafILLII
awatipjjh
awatipjjtita
awatipjjani
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101
LESSON X
Questions and Answers - Jiset'elaracempi ivaw safianacampi.
positive Chekanaca
M. Tata Tomas, arumanthejj jumajj marc saratati?
E. nsa, arumanthejj nayajj marc sargwa.
M. Tata Tomas, arumanthejj nayajj marc sarati?
E. Asa, arumanthejj jumajj mare saatawa.
H. Tata Tomas, a rumanthejj nanacajj k'aiu is t'ajjsipijHti?
E. JYaa, arumanthejj jumanacajj k' a. u is t'ajjsipjjHtawa.
M. Mama Marla, kharUrojj cullacamamp jilajjampejj marc jutapjjaniti?
2. Jisa, kharUrojj cullaeajjamp jilamamnejj mate jutapjjaniwa.
M. Mama Maria, khurUrojj jumamp nayampejj cafe umaaniti?
E. nsa, kharUrojj jimiamp nayampejj eefe umaigniwa.
N. Mama Maria, EhurUrojj nay amp jupampejj vaca aych manklapjjHti?.
E. J!a!sa, kharUrojj jumamp jupampejj vaca aych Lank'apjjlitawa.
M. Awicha, jumajj jutir lunesajj kawr awatltati?
E. nsa, nayajj jutir lunesajj kawr awatYwa.
M. Awicha, yokamajj jutir domingojj khath saraniti?
E. nsa, yokajjajj jutir domingojj khath saraniwa.
N. Pablo, imilla majj jutir semanajj chawll alasiniti?
E. nsa, imillajjajj jutir semanajj ebaw31 alasiniwa.
M. Tata, yokamamp phuchamampejj yap lurapjjaniti?
E. nsa, yokajjamp phuchajjampejj yap lurapjjaniwa.
M. Jise'a lulu, mamamajj tataman isip t'ajjsiniti?
E. nsa, mamajjajj tatajjan isip t'ajjsiniwa.
M. Tata Andres, jiwasanacajj arumanthejj vaca aych mank'apjjanEniti?
E. nsa, jiwasanacajj arumanthejj vaca aych mank'apjjaaniwa.
M. Mama Teresa, jumajj cart 1:ellkMtati?
E. J!sa, nayajj cart kellkHwa.
M. Jisc'a yokalla, tatamajj ut pichaniti?
E. nsa, tatajjajj ut pichaniwa.
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102
LESSON X
Dialogue - Cuento
MAMA MARIAMP MAMA TERESAMPIW PARLAPJJE
Maria: Mama Teresa, arumanthejj cawcs sargta?
Teresa: Arumanthejj marc saraT" munta, ucampis walja is eajjsiiiajjawa.
M. Ay ucawa...
T. Jumajj marc sariltati?
M. Janiw sarcati, mamajjar ut pichan yanapaiiajjawa.
T. Cuns mamamajj lurani?
M. Ma suma is ch'ucuni.
T. Jutir domingojj awichaman utap visitir jutatati?
M. JYsa, jutawa.
T.
M.
T.
M.
T.
M.
T.
M.
1
Cawquinquis jilMr2cullacamajja?
Jupajj khathuncasquiwa, walja isinac aljasqui.
Kawkhas ma suma sombrerojj cuesti?3
Patac warankawa.4
Uqhamajj jutir semanajj sombrer alasiriw cullacaman khathup sarg.
Waliquiw mama Teresa.
Sara mama...jiquisificamay mama.
Iyaw mama...jiquisificama.
NOTES
1 'I have to clean': infinitive + possessive pronoun + wa.
2 'older' : jila 'older; brother.' The suffix added to the
final consonant of the stem, indicates 'the one who is...'
e.g. jila 'older - jiliri 'the older one'
jach'a 'large' - jach'iri 'the large one'
jisc'a 'small' - 'the small one.'
(Cf. grammar notes, Lesson VI.)
3 'How much does a nice hat cost?'
kawkhas 'how much?'
sombrerojj (sumiroij)
cuesti f,custi) 'cost' (Sp. costar; cuesta)
4 '100,000.' Pataca = '100'; waranka '1000.'
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LESSON
Vocabulary - Arunaca
allehhi
arroba (arruTN,)
caballo (cawallo)
chhiwchhi
cuesti (kusti)
kawkha
kilo (quilu)
libra (liwra)
qhuchi
tomate (tumati)
walipa
wanc u
133
Twca mayanir lecTiona
nieto
arroba
caballo
pollito
cuesta
cuanto
kilo
libra
cerdo
tomate
gallina
conej o
Numerals - Jaqhee;ianaca
Cardinal
1 maya, in (mg may alsoserve as an indefinitearticle)
2 -paya, pg (pg is the only
grankchild
25 pounds (unit ofmeasure)
horse
little chicken
costs
how much
kilo
pound
Pig
tomato
hers
rabbit
Ordinal
1st nayriri , nayranquiri
2nd payiri, payanquiriform used in compoundnumerals. Cf. '20,200')
3 quimsa 3rd quimsiri, quimsanquiri
4 pusi 4th pusiri, pusinquiri
5 pheska. 5th pheskeri, pheskanquiri
6 sojjta 6th sojjtiri, sojjtanquiri
7 pakallko 7th pakallkori, pakallkonquiri
8 quimsakallko 8th quimsakallkori, nuimsakallkonquiri
9 llgtunca 9th llgtunquiri, llgtuncanquiri
10 tunca 10th tunquiri, tuncanquiri
11 tunca mayani 11th tunca mayariri, tunca mayaninquiri
12 tunca payani 12th tunca payaniri, tunca payaninquiri
13 tunca quimsani 13th tunca quimsaniri, tunca quimsaninquiri
14 tunca pusini 14th tunca pusiniri, tunca pusininquiri
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LESSON XI - Vocabulary - Numerals
Cardinal
15 tunca pheskani
16 tunca sojjtani
17 tunca pakallkoni
18 tunca quimsakallkani
19 tunca llgtuncani
20 Pg TUNCA
21 pg tune mayani
22 pg tunc payani
23 pad tunc quimsani
24 pad tunc pusini
25 pa tunc pheskani
26 pad tunc sojjtani
27 pI tunc pakallkoni
28 pH tunc quimsakallkoni
29 pd tunc 11a tuncani
30 QUIMSA TUNCA
40 PUSI TUNCA
50 PHESKATUNCA
60 SOJJTA TUNCA
70 PAKALLK TUNCA
80 QUIMSAKALLK TUNCA
90
100
500
1,000
1,000,000
LLIITUNC TUNCA
PATACA.
PUSKA PATACA
WARANKA
MILLONA (milluna)
104
Ordinal
15th tunca pheskaniri, tunca pheskaninquiri
16th tunca sojjtaniri, tunca sojjtaninquiri
17th tunca pakallkoniri, tunca pakallkonin-quiri
18th tunca quimsakallkoniri, tuncaquimsakallkoninquiri
19th tunca llgtuncaniri, tuncallgtuncanquiri
20th pg tunquiri, pa tuncanquiri
21st pg. tunc mayaniri, pad tunc mayaninquiri
22nd pad tunc payaniri, pg tunc payaninquiri
23rd pg tunc quimsaniri, pa tuncquimsaninquiri
24th pd tunc pusiniri, pd tuncpusininquiri
25th pd tunc pheskaniri, pd tuncpheskaninquiri
26th pd tunc sojjtaniri, pI tunesojjtaninquiri
27th pg tunc pakallkoniri, pM tuncpakallkoninquiri
28th pd tunc quimsakallkoniri, pa tuncquimsakallkoninquiri
29th pd tunc llMtuncaniri, pgllgtuncaninquiri
quimsa tunquiri, quimsa tuncanquiri30th
40th
50th
60th
70th
80th
90th
100th
500th
1,000th
1,000,000th
pusi tunquiri, pusi tuncanquiri
pheska tunquiri, pheska tuncanquir:
sojjta tunquiri, sojjta tuncanquiri
pakallk tunquiri, pakallk tuncanquLA
quimsakallk tunquiri, quimsakallktuncanquiri
llgtunc tunquiri, llgtunc tuncanqui.ri
pataquiri, patacanquiri
pheska pataquiri, pheska patacanquiri
waranquiri, warankanquiri
warankan warankapanquiri
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LESSON XI
1.03
Grammar - Suma parla .ataqui
T. -ni in compound numerals (11-19 and subsequent multiples of ten , 21-29,
etc.) has the meaning of 'with, and'.
e.g. tunca mayani '11' ('10 with 1'): may also be contracted to
tunca mavni;
:unca payani '12': may be contracted to tursakami.
:1. -ni- in simple numerals and in question words marks the animate quality
of the subject. Inanimate subjects.are unmarked:
Animate subjects
e.g. thaIiswatma.u.aKahil?'HOE, Many children do yOu have
Vawamaii_kawkhanisa?
Mama. Marian allchhipajj kawkl,an5s vtji? 'How Ilan; grandchildren
does Se'ora Maria have?'
Tqawajiajj paniniwa. 'I have 2 children.' (Lit. 'My children aretwo
Y.D.:pcne' and'two''(animate).may have 2 forms: pani, !mg: (with Contraction
.of man becoming mav) , panini.
Inanimate subjects
Kawkhas kawraaalia? 'How many llamas do you have'
t.tjastKawlatatasroa'iut4i? 'Ilow many donkeys does
Sailor Jos4 have?'
SE#raiia"-3. 'I have 2 llamas.'
N.B.: It appears that not all speakers distinguish between animate and
inanimate subjects. The distinction between animate and inanimate
subjects.is apparently made with the numerals 1-10 only. All the
numerals 11-19 must have -ni- as the mark of compound numerals.
The distinction between animate and inanimate can be made
consistently in the adverbs 'how many, where,'
III. -dui- 'only':
e.g. Fusing '4' / misinigyiwa only 4 (animate)
nmain4 '4' / pusiquiwa 'only 4' (inanimate)
Tolawaiialinazniapiwa. 'I have only I child.'
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106
LESSON XI - Grammar
IV. -cama- 'each one'
e.g. Kawkhas? 'How much?'/Kawkhacamas? 'How much each one?'
1221sotathuingail. 'The bananas are 300 each.'
V. -naca- pluralizing suffix.
With plural numbers, the pluralizing suffix is optional:
e.g. Wawamajj quimsariwa.Wawanacamaii quimsaniwa.
'You have 3 children.'
When the suffix -naca- is attached to a prominal or nominal subject,
it may also be added to the predicate form with -wa. Rudimentos de,
graeitica aymara (p. 27) characterizes the repetition of -naca- in the
predicate as an innovation. (Cf. agreement of number in Spanish)
los hermanos but not *los hermano, el hermanos.)
Rudimentos further states that -naca- attached to the subject "emphasizes
the whole" of whatever is referred to [collectivity? - P.W.J When -naca-
appears with the predicate, it emphasizes the individuality of the
component parts of the subject."
e.g. 292pAsaiLlARials.Ucanacaj j lapizauacawa.
Ucajj wawanacajjawa. 'These are my children.' (distinctindividuals)
N.B.:Subjects with -naca may take a singular verb:_e.g. Amismacasaiijaniw munquiti. 'Our friends dorl't want to.'
VI. Ordinal numerals are formed by the addition of the suffixes -iri to
the last consonant of the stem (-ori with the numerals '7th and 8th')
or - nguiri to the last vowel of the stem: pusi / pus -iri---- '4th'
or pusi-nquiri
'Those are pencils.' (as a whole)
VII. 'How many" many' may be expressed in two ways:
(a) Kawkhas + Noun (a)
e.g. Kawkhas qhuchimajj utii?How many pigs do you have?'
EAKkhg.P9111911imaiig?
(b) Kawkha + Noun 4.s (a)
e.g. Kawkha ghuchimas utji?Kawkha qhuchimas5?
'How many pigs do you have?'
VIII. The possessive marker -na follows the conjunctional suffix -m217 and,
like the latter, is attached to each member of the construction:
e.g. Juanin warmimam in chhiwchhimajj tunca quimsaniwa.
'You and your wife have 13 little chickens.'
(Lit. 'Your and your wife's little chickens are 13')
Fr'
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LESSON XISubstitution Drill - Vasa arunac uscul;a
M. Tatajjan caballopajj payawa.
E. Tatajjan caballopajj payawa.
M. nayan
E. Nayan caballojjajj payawa.
M. tata Enriquen
E. Teta Enriquen caballopajj payawa.
M. qhuchipajj pheskawa
E. Tata Enriquen qhuchipajj pheskawa.
M. juman
E. Juman qhuchimajj pheskawa..
M. juman warmiman
E. Juman warmiman qhuchipajj pheskawa.
M. wallpapajj quimsakallkowa
E. Juman warmiman wallpapajj quimsakallkowa.
M. Pedron cullacapan chhiwchhipajj
E. Pedron cullacapan chhiwchhipajj quimsakallkowa.
M. quimsakallkoquiwa
E. Pedron cullacapan chhiwchhipajj quimsakallkoquiwa.
M. wanc'upajj pakailkoquiwa
E. Pedron cullacapan wanc'upajj,pakallkoquiwa.
M. jiwasan
E. Jiwasan wanc'usajj pakallkoquiwa.
M. mama Susanan
E. Mama Susanan wanc'upajj pakallkoquiwa.
M. sojjtaquiwa
E. Mama Susanan waneupajj sojjtaquiwa.
M. juman phuchaman
E. Juman phuchaman wanc'upajj sojjtaquiwa.
107
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108
LESSON XI - Substitution drill
M. Nayan wanc'ojjajj tunca sojjtaniwa.
E. Nayan wanc'ojjajj tunca sojjtaniwa.
M. juman
E. Juman waneumajj tunca sojjtaniwa.
M. tata Josean ovejapajj
E. Tata Josean ovejapajj tunca sojjtaniwa.
M. tunca quimsakallkoniwa
E. Tata Josean ovejapajj tunca quimsakallkoniwa.
M. mama Marian wallpapajj
E. Mama Marian wallpapajj tunca quimsakallkoniwa.
M. tunca pakallkoniwa
E. Mama Marian wallpapajj tunca pakalL.oaiwa.
M. jiwasan
E. Jiwasan wallpapajj tunca pakallkoniwa.
M. jumanacan
E. Jumanacan wallpamajj tunca pakallkoniwa.
M. nanacan chhiwchhejjajj
E. Nanacan chhiwchhejjajj tunca pakallkoniwa.
M. tunca quimsaniwa
E. Nanacan chhiwchhejjajj quimsaniwa.
M. jiwasanacan
E. Jiwasanacan chhiwchhisajj tunca quimsaniwa.
M. jumampin warmimampin
E. Jumampin warmimampin chhiwchhimajj tunca quimsaniwa.
M. nayan qhuchejjajjio
E. Nayan qhuchejjajj tunca quimsaniwa.
M. tunca llatuncaniwa
E. Nayan qhuchejjajj tunca llatuncaniwa.
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a,
k
LESSON XI - Substitution drill
M. Nayan wawajjajj mayniquiwa.
E. Nayan wawajjajj mayniquiwa.
M. quimsaniquiwa
E. Nayan wawajjajj quimsaniquiwa.
M. juman
E. Juman wawamajj quimsaniquiwa.
M. sojjtaniwa
E. Juman wawamajj sojjtaniwa.
M. tata Enriquen yokapajj
E. Tata Enriquen yokapajj sojjtaniwa.
M. quimsakallkoniwa
E. Tata Enriquen yokapajj quimsakallkoniwa.
M. juman phuchamajj
E. Juman phuchamajj quimsakallkoniwa.
M. jiwasan
E. Jiwasan phuchasajj quimsakallkoniwa.
M. paniniquiwa
E. Jiwasan phuchasajj paniniquiwa.
M. Pedrompin Mariampin
E. Pedrompin Mariampin phuchapajj paniniquiwa.
M. pheskaniquiwa
E. Pedrompin Mariampin phuchapajj pheskaniquiwa.
M. jumampin warmimapin
E. Jumampin warmimampin phuchamajj pheskaniquiwa.
H. nanacan yokajjajj
E. Nanacan yokajjajj pheskaniquiwa.
M. pakailkoniwa
E. Nanacan yokajjajj pakallkoniwa.
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LESSON XI - Substitution drill.
M. Nayan eant'ajjajj pheska pataccamawa.
E. Nayan t'ant'ajjajj pheska pataccamawa.
M. juman pokotamajj
E. Juman pokotamajj pheska pataccamawa.
M. quimsakallk pataccamawa
E. Juman pokotamajj quimsakallk pataccamawa.
M. mama Marian chawllapajj
E. Mama Marian chawllapajj quimsakallk pataccamawa.
M. jiwasan
E. Jiwasan chawllasajj quimsakallk pataccamawa.
M. pakallk
E. Jiwasan chawllasajj pakallk pataccamawa.
M. tata Pablon naranjapajj
E. Tata Pablon naranjapajj pakallk pataccamawa.
M. juman
E. Juman naranjamajj pakallk pataccamawa.
N. ma arrob ch'okejj tunca pheskan warankawa.
E. Ma arrob ch'okejj tunca pheskan warankawa.
M. pa tunc pheskan warankawa
E. Ma arrob ch'okejj pa tunc pheskan warankawa.
M. ma arrob azucarajj
E. Ma arrob azucarajj pa tunc pheskan warankawa.
M. pa tunc quimsakallkon warankawa
E. ma arrob azucarajj pa tunc quimsakallkon warankawa.
M. Ma arrob arrozajj
E. ma arrob arrozajj pa tunc quimsakallkon warankawa.
M. pusi kil aychajj
E. Pusi kit aychajj pa tunc quimsakallkon warankawa.
110
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LESSON XI
Questions and Answers - Jisceafianacampi iyaw saianacampi
M. Kawkhas pokotamajj cuesti?
E. pa patacawa.
N. Kawkhacamas pokotamajja?
E. Pokotajjajj quimsa pataccamawa.
M. Kawkhacamas t'ant'amajja?
E. T'ant'ajj pheska pataccamawa.
N. Kawkhas kil aychajj cuesti?
E. Quimsakalik warankawa.
M. 1 iwkhas ma libra azucarajj cuesti?
E. Ma libra azucarajj pakallk patacawa.
N. Kawkhas and arrob ch'okejj cuesti?
E. Ma arrob ch'okejj cunca quimsakcallkoa waTankawa.
M. Kawkhas ma libra tomatejj cuesti?
E. ma libra tomatejj warankawa.
Horasanaca - Hours
Cuna horasasa? "Mat time is it*?'
11:15
12:40
9:25
12 noon
11:55
111
Tunca may= horasa, tunca pheskan rinutoniwa.
Tunca payan horasa, pusi tunc minutoniwa.
Liatunc horasa, pa tunc pheskan minutoniwa.
Tunca payan horasa chica uru .
Pheska minuto faltiwa chica urutaqui. (Lit. '5 minutes to noon')
12 midnight Tunca payan horasa chica aruma.
7:55 Pheska mirutc quimsakallh horastaqui.(Lit. '5 minutes to 8')
horasa
minuto (minutu)
chicata
nayra
chicat nayra
chicat pasada (pasata)
-taquie.g. Domingotaqui pa uru
falta, (phaltaba)
chica aruma
chica uru
hour (*horasa seems to have been borrower'from Spanish in the plural
minute (oral), with the final vowel
half, middle added according to Aymaraphonology, or is a combina-tion of Spanish (2g) bore
AM. es?'what time is it?' The
suffix -sa indicates acount noun.)
before'Two days before Sunday.'
to be 3ackin2
midnight
noon
before
P.M.
Give the Aymara for: 6:03, 7:14, 8:43, 9:19, 13:22, 17:0C, 18:43
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LESSON XI
Dialogue - Cuento
MH voluntariaji khathun alasi' muni
Voluntaria: Hama, kawkhacamas chawllamajja?
Llama: Uca chawllajj mama, pheska pataccamaua.
V: . Ay mama, rebajeitaya.1
M: Janie mama, jach'a chawllanacawa.
V: Quimsa patacaruw sapa2
may, manta, waliquiti?
Ughlimajj, mama, kawkha chawlls muntajj, mama"
V: Ay mama, nayajj tunca chaull alasin munta.
M: Acajj, mamas tunca chawlajj quimsa mrantaua.
Acajj mama, suma liq'inacawa.
V: J!s mama, sumanacawa. Ualiquiw mama. Acajj kolltejj3
mama, pheska warankaw mama.
N: Kawkha turquis4 mama?
V: PU warankan,5mama?
M: Ch'ok alasia muntati?
V: Janiw alasin muncti, ucampis6vaca aych alasia munta,
cawqhans utji?
M: Mama Varian utji.
V: Jupajj utapancasquiti?7
M:
V:
M:
-V:
M:
V.
/4:
JTsa, utapancasquiwa, jupajj janiw khath jutquiti.
Cuns lurasqui?
Ovej awatisqui.
Uqhgmajj mama Marian ut.ap sarM. Waliquiw mama, jiquisificamay
mama.
Acajj mama, jutir domingojj mama, nayajj jach'a liq'i
chawllanac apanM.8
Waliquiw mama, jiquisiricamay mama.
Jiquisificamay mama.
NOTES
e1 'Lower (the price)': rebt'aaa from Spanish LeNdal
2 sapa 'each'
)
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LESSON XI
Dialogue
NOTES (continued)
3 kollke 'money'
4 turnui 'change'
5 pH warankan '2000' + n possessive marker; the noun 'of change'
(turqui) is understood.
6 ucampis 'but'
7 utapancasouiti? 'Is she in her house?'
8 apanY 'I will bring.' Future fram
113
lama Rositamp Mama T4ariamn5.
Maria: Buenos dias mama...anumajj.utjlti?
Rosita: Buenos dias mama...janiw utjquiti.
is Ay mama, camisac mama.1
.
R: Ualic mama.
M: Wawanacamajj acancasquiti?
R: Janiwa. JilYrejj2 escuelancasquiwa. TaypIrejj3 ovej awati,Nui.
Sullcajj4 qhaya jawiran anatasqui.
Kawkhanis imill wawamajj utji"
R: Mayn%quiwa.
II: Uywanacamajj utjiti?
R: Jilsa utjiwa, ucampis janiw waljUquiti.5
N: Kawkhas wallpamajj utji?
R: Quimsaquiwa; mayajj usutawa, payasti6
t uqhawa.
N: Chhiwechinacamajj utjiti?
R: JYs mama, utjiwa.
M: Kawkhas utji
R: Tunca mayaniw mama.
Val:law mama, waljawa.
R: Ay mama, cawqhas utamajja?
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114
LESSON XI - Dialogue
Qhaya kollu jaeancquis uca jach'a utawa.
Waliquiw mama.
14: /lama Rosita, jichhajj nayajj sari.
R: Waliquiw mama.
NOTES
1 Camisac?'How are you?'
2 JilMreji 'the oldest' Cf. notes to story, Lesson X.
3 Taypireij 'the middle one': taypi 'middle'
4 Sullcaii 'the youngest'
5 Ealiktliti 'are not many': walia 'many'
wallawa 'are many'
waliaquiti 'are not many'
waliati? 'are many?'
6 payasti 'and two'. On -sti, cf. notes, Lesson II.
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115
LESSOY XII - Tuncspayanir lecciona
Grammar - smgapatlEaLlqagi
1. Future negative
sarcati sarapcdAniti
saraEcdti
saratati sarepatati
sarcaniti sarancaniti
Analysis: sar- verbstem
7.42- pluralizer
c...ti negative infix
Endings : same as future positive
In interrogative statements, the -ti particle is attached to the
negative iani:
ianit sarcaaRni janit sarapcaiani
'Will I not go?' janit sarapa
janit sarcgta 4anit sarepe;.a
janit sarcani laait sz..rr-cani
N.B. The particle -its may also be attached to future negative interrog-
ative forms: serctijja.
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LESSON XII
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuaa
M. Nayajj janiw marc sarcati.
E. Nayajj janiw marc sareati.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj janiw marc saccaniti.
M. yap lurcaniti
E. Jupajj janiw yap lurcaniti.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj janiw yap lurapcaniti.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj janiw yap lurcafigniti.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj janiw yap lurapcafi gniti.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj janiw yap lurapcgtati.
M. kawr awatipcatati
E. Jumanacajj janiw kawr awatipcgtati.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj janiw kawr awatipcati.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj janiw kawr awatcatati.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj janiw kawr awatcdti.
M. aych mank'cati
E. Nayajj janiw aych mank'cati.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj janiw aych mank'cafianiti.
116
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,LESSON XII - Substitution Drill
M. Nayajj tatajjan yapup janiw lurcaci.
E. Nayajj tatajjan yapup janiw lurcgti.
M. tiojjan
E. Nayajj tiojjan yapup janiw
M. utap janiw pichcUti
E. Nayajj tiojjan utap janiw pichcgti.
N. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj tiosan utap janiw pichcafiNniti.
M. jumajj cullacaman
E. Jumajj cullacaman utap janiw pichatati.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj cullacasan utap janiw pichapcelaiti.
M. alasipceaniti
E. Jiwasanacajj cullacasan utap janiw a' asipcauin ti.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj cullacajjan utap janiw alasipcati.
N. cullacajjan vacap
E. tanacajj cullacajjan vacap janiw alasipcgti.
jupajj
E. Jupajj cullacapan vacap janiw alascaniti.
M. jilapan librop
E. Jupajj jilapan librop janiw alascaniti.
U. cafeap uncaniti
E. Jupajj jilapan cafeap janiw umcaniti.
jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj jilapan cafeap janiw umapclatatL
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj jilajjan cafeap janiw umcati.
117
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118
LESSON XII - Substitution Drill
M. Nayajj janiw walja t' ant' mank'cati.
E. Nayajj janiw walja t'ant' mank'cati.
M. tata Pedrojj
E. Tata Pedrojj janiw walja t'ant' mank'caniti.
M. nayamp jumanacampejj
E. Nayamp jumanacampejj janiw walja t'ant' mank'apcaiiNniti.
M. cart kellkapcaiianiti
E. Nayamp jumanacampejj jatiiw walja cart kellkapcatiNniti.
M. nayamp tatajjampejj
E. Nayamp tatajjampejj janiw walja cart kellkapcati.
M. jumamp warmimampejj
E. Jumamp warmimampejj janiw walja cart kellkapetati.
M. aych alasir janiw sarapcatati
E. Jumamp warmimampejj janiw aych alasir sarapcatati.
M. nayamp jumampejj
E. Nayamp jumampejj janiw aych alasir sarauaniti.
M. ch'ok alasir
E. Nayamp jumampejj janiw ch'ok alasir saracafianiti.
M. mamasan utap visitir jutcaaniti
E. Nayamp jumampejj janiw mamasan utap visitir jutcafianiti.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj janiw mamaman utap visitir jutcHtati.
M. Pedromp cullacapampejj
E. Pedromp cullacapampejj janiw mamapan utap visitir jutapcaniti.
M. nayamp jilajjampejj
E. Nayamp jilajjampejj janiw mamajjan utap visitir jutapcilti.
111
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119
LESSON XI/ - Substitution Drill
M. Arumanthejj Rositajj janiw tiopan yapup lurcartiti.
E. Arumanthejj Rositajj janiw tiopan yapup lurcaniti.
M. jumajj
E. Arumanthejj jumajj janiw tioman yapup lurci tati.
M. yokaman isip t'ajjscatati
E. Arumanthejj jumajj janiw yokaman'isip t'ajjscAtari.
M. jumamp chachamampejj
E. Arumanthejj jumamp chachamampejj janiw yokaman isip. t'aijsipatati.
M. utap pichapcatati
Arumanthejj jumamp chachar-ampejj janiw yokaraen.utap pichapcatati.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj arumanthejj janiw yokajjan utap pichapati.
A. jucir semanajj
E. Jutir semanajj nanacajj janiw yokajjan utap pichapcati.
M. cervezap umapcati
E. Jutir semanajj nanacajj janiw yokajjan cervezap umapcati.
M. nayajj
E. Jutir semanajj nayajj janiw yokajjan cervezap umcati.-
M. khartirojj janiw tatajjan
E. Khartrojj nayajj janiw tatajjan cervezap umcati.
M. Chuquiag zapat alasir sarcati
E. Kharfirojj nayajj janiw Chuquiag zapat alasir sarcUt.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Khartirojj jiwasanacajj janiw Chuquiag zapat alasir sarapcaMniti.
M. ch'ok alasir
E. Khartlrojj jiwasanacajj janiw Chuquiag ch'ok alasir sarapcananiti.
M. jumanacajj
E. Khartirojj jumanacajj janiw Chuquiag ch'ok alasir sarapatati.
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LESSON XII
Completion drill - Asumsphokachaiia
Negative - Jan chekanaca
I. Declarative
Supply the appropriate forms of the verb.
sarana
Nayajj janiw marc
Jumajj janiw mare
Jupajj janiw marc
Jiwasajj janiw marc
Jiwasanacajj janiw marc
Nanacajj janiw marc
Jumanacajj janiw marc
Jupanacajj janiw marc
lurafia
Nayajj janiw yap
Jumajj janiw yap
Jupa4j janiw yap
Jiwasajj janiw yap
Jiwasanacajj janiw yap
Nanacajj janiw yap
Jumanacajj janiw yap
Jupanacajj janiw yap
Nayajj jariw t'ant'
Jumajj janiw t'ant'
Jupajj janiw t'ant'
Jumamp nayampejj janiw t'ant'
Nayamp jumanacampejj janiw t'ant'
Nayamp yokajjampejj janiw t'ant'
Jumamp Elenampejj janiw t'ant'
Andresamp Pablompejj janiw t'ant
I
mank'aOn
120
sarcHti
sarcRtati
sarcaniti
sarcaaniti
sarapeakHniti
sarapcHti
sarapcHtati
sarapcaniti
lurcHti
lurcHtati
lurcaniti
lurcaaniti
lurapcan!niti
lurapcMt i
lurapcRtati
lurapcaniti
mank'cHti
mank'cHtati
mank'caniti
mank'cafiHniti
mank'apcaitHniti
mank'apcHti
mank'apcHtati
mank'apcaniti
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LESSON XII - Completion drill
IT. Interrogative
Janit nayajj cawcs
Janit jumajj cawcs
sarana
9
Janit jupajj cawcs ?
Janit jiwasajj cawcs ?
Janit jiwasanacajj cawcs
Janit nanacajj cawcs
Janit jumanacajj cawcs
Janit jupanacajj cawcs
Nayajj janit cuns
Jumajj janit cuns
Jupajj janit cuns
Jiwasajj janit cuns
Jiwasanacajj janit cuns
Yanacajj janit cuns
Jumanacajj janit cuns
: .lur-'
9
Jupanacajj janit cuns
?
mankvaaa
Janit nayajj cuns
Janit jumajj cuns
Janit jupajj cuns
Janit jiwasajj cuns
Janit jiwasanacajj cuns
Janit nanacajj cuns
Janit jumanacajj cuns ?
Janit jupanacajj cuns
9
121
sarca
sarcata
sarcani
Sarca.Uni
sarapce,Hni
sarapcg
sarapcgta
sarareani
lurcg
lurcilta
lurcani
liarcaUni
lurapce,gni
lutaticH
lurapcgta
lurapcani
rankica
maillOcgta
mank'cani
mank'caAni
mank'arcegni
mank'apcg
mank'apcata
mank'apcani
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122
LESSON XII
Questions and Answers - Jisceafianacam i iyaw safianacamki
Positive-Negative - Chekanaca-Jan chekanaca
M. Tata Tomas, arumanthejj jumajj marc saratati?
E. Janiwa, arumanthejj nayajj janiw marc sarati.
E. Jisa, arumanthejj nayajj marc sara.
M. Tata Tomas, arumanthejj nayajj marc sarRti?
E. Janiwa, arumanthejj jumajj janiw marc sarcatati.
E. Jisa, arumanthejj jumajj marc sarata.
M. Tata Tomas, arumanthejj nanacajj k'aiiu is t'ajjsipjjati?
E. Janiwa, arumanthejj jumanacajj janiw k'afiu is eajjsipcHtati.
E. Jisa, arumanthejj jumanacajj k'ai% is t'ajjsipjjHta.
M. Mama Maria, kharUrojj cullacamamp jilajjampejj marc jutapjjaniti?
E. Janiwa, kharUrojj cullacajjamp jilamampejj janiw marc jutapcaniti.
E. Jisa, kharUrojj cullacajjamp jilamampejj marc jutapjjani.
M. Mama, kharUrojj jumamp nayampejj cafe umaaniti?
E. Janiwa, kharUrojj jumamp nayampejj janiw cafe umcaiHniti.
E. Jisa, kharUrojj jumamp nayampejj cafe umaCHni.
M. Mama Maria, khurUrojj nayamp warmejjampejj vaca aych mank'apjjati?
E. Janiwa, kharUrojj jumamp warmimampejj janiw vaca aych mank'apcgtati.
E. Jisa, kharUrojj jumamp warmimampejj vaca aych mank'apjjllta.
M. Awicha, jumajj jutir lunesajj kawr awatitati?
E. Janiwa, nayajj jutir lunesajj janiw kawr awatcRti.
E. Jisa, nayajj jutir lunesajj kawr awatU.
M. Awicha, yokamajj jutir domingojj khath saraniti?
E. Janiwa, yokajjajj jutir domingojj janiw khath sarcaniti,
. E. Jisa, yokajjajj jutir domingojj khath sarani.
M. Pablo, imillamajj jutir semanajj chawll alasiniti?
E. Janiwa, imillajjajj jutir semanajj janiw chawll alascaniti.
E. Jisa, imillajjajj jutir semanajj chawll alasini.
M. Tata, yokamamp phuchamampejj kharUrojj yap lurapjjaniti?
E. Janiwa, yokajjamp phuchajjampejj kharUrojj janiw yap lurapcaniti.
E. JYsa, jokajjamp phuchajjampejj kharUrojj yap lurapjjani.
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123
LESSON XII - Questions and AnswersPositive-Negative
Jiscla lulu, mamamajj tataman isip c_rumanthejj t'ajjsiaiti?
E. Janiwa, manajjajj tatajjan isip arumanthejj janiw t'ajjscaniti.
E. Jisa, mamajjajj tatajjan isip arumanthejj t'ajjsani:'
M. Tata Andres, jiwasanacajj arumanthejj vaca aych nanklapjjaMniti?
E. Janiwa, jiwasanacajj arumanthejj janiw vaca aych mank'apcaaniti.
E. Jisa, jiwasanacajj arumanthejj vaca aych mank'apijatigni.
M. Mama Rosita, jumajj cart kellkiltati?
E. Janiwa, nayajj janiw cart kellkchti.
E. Jisa, nayajj cart kellgt...
M. Jisc'a yokalla, tatamajj ut pichaniti?
E. Janiwa, tatajjajj janiw ut pichcaniti.
E. Jisa tatajjajj ut pichani.
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LESSON XII
124
Dialogue - Cuento
MAMA ROSITAMPI MA. VOLUNTARIOMPI
ROSITA: Mama, c'awn alasin muntati?
VOLUNTARIA: Jis mama muntwa, kawkhas c'awnajj utji?
ROSITA: Pheskaw mama.
VOLUNTARIA: Jumajj arumanthejj khath saratati?
ROSITA: Janiw mama; janiw sarcati. Navajj arumanthejj
walja is t'ajjsi.
VOLUNTARIA: Cuns chadumajj arumanthejj lurani?
ROSITA: Chachajjaj yap luririw sarani.
VOLUNTARIA: Chachamajj chawll catur sacaniti?
ROSITA: Janiw mama, janiw sarcaniti.
VOLUNTARIA: Kawkhas wallpamajj utji?
ROSITA: Quimsaw mama.
VOLUNTARIA: Kawkhacamas aca c'awnajj mama?
ROSITA: Pheska pataccamaw mama.
VOLUNTARIA: Waliquiw mama, acajj kollkejj mama.
ROSITA: Waliquiw mama, jichhajj sarawayjja mama,jiquisiacama.
VOLUNTARIA: Jiquisificamay mama.
111
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Vocabulary
LE53ON xITT Tunca quillsanirjeccinna
Arunaca
iquiiza
kapuiia
kharayp'u
phajjsi
poncho
qharOa
samaraha
sawufia
t!arwa,.t'awra
unjafia
uyu
uywa uyu
frazada, dormir
hilar
maf.ana por la tarde
mes, luna
poh6ho
degollaz
descansar
tejer
lana'
'ebidar, ver
canch6n, corral
corral, del ganado
Grammar - Suma parla:iatacui
1255
blanket, to sleep
to spin
tomorrow afternoon
month, moon
poncho
to behead
tospet
to eave
to take care, tosee
yard, corral
corral, barnywA
I. The infinitive of the punctual verl- can functioa,as a noun' indicating
necessity for or abilitY to complete the action, or the act itself:
e.g. mank!anaila 'my eating, my need to eat'
' there is there food for buying
(i.e., which can be bought)'
Mank'anaua '(This) is for eating.'
Sarailawa '(It is necessary) to go.'
The addition of a pronominal suffix with -wa creates a verb 'need to...'
mank'aiaajjawa Lit. 'my need to eat' = '1 must eat'
In interrogative statements, the -r() s replaced by interrogative
-s(a); -s(a) is affixed to the last cr1Lponent of the interrogative clause:
e.g. Payanii_lcun lurafialialatata Pablo? 'Se...or Pablo, what do Ineed to do?'
JumgmiLicalssugumgjs arumantheijay 'Where do you you)
need to go tomorrow morning?'
The tense of the verb form may be determined by the adverb used in the
statement, or from the context:
e.g. with imtir domingojj, arumanthei4 = future
with lichhaii.= present (durative, punctual), etc.
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126
LESSON XIII - GrammarInfinitive stem + (plural infix) + infinitive ending + possessive pro-nominal suffix + -wa.Conjugation:
1 mank'afiajjawa mank'ailasawa
2 mank'aiiamawa
3 manklaaiapawa
mank'apjjaiiasawa
mank'ardjaeiajjawa
mank'anjjaifamdwa
mank'apjjailapawa
N.B. The subject of the verb can be expressed by nayajj or nayanjj.
In the case of nayanjj, -n- has the meaning of 'in' (i.e., 'in me lies the
obligation, the necessity'). With -3,11, the subject always lacks -n-.
II. In Chapter I it was stated that adjectives of two syllables may not lose
their final vowel in sentence mediil position: e.g. suma. Adverbs
comprising only two syllables may lose their final vowel when they are
placed before the verb:
e.g. Jumanacajj aymar sum yatekapjiailamawa = 'You (pl.) need to
learn Aymara well.'
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"
LESSON XIII
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuaa
M. Joseajj yap lurafiapawa.
E. Joseajj yap luraaapawa.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj yap lurafiajjawa.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj yap lurafiasawa.
M. walja is eajjsifiasawa.
E. Jiwasajj waija is t'ajjsiiIasawa.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj waija is t'ajjsipjj&ipjjawa.
M. c'awnamp aychamp alapjjaiajjawa
E. Nanacajj waija c'awnamp.ayehamp alapjjaiiajjawa..
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj waija Oawnamp aychamp alapjjailamawa..
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj walja eawnamp aychamp. alaiiamawa.
M. utamp chacamp asquichafiamawa
E.... Jumajj utamp chacamp asquichaliamawa.
jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj utamp chacamp asquichapjjailasawa.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj .utamp chacampasquicheapawa.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj utamp chacamp asquichapjjarapawa.
M. chtoke yap kbech'apjjeapawa
E. Jupanacajj choke yap khech'apjjeapawa.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj Woke yap khech'aaajjaw.a...
127
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3.28
LESSON XIII - Substitution Drill
M. Mamajjajj m1 suma ponch sawufiapawa.
E. Mamajjajj ma suma ponch sawufiapawa.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj ma suma ponch sawufiajjawa.
M. arumanthejj jumajj
E. Jumajj arumanthejj, ma suma ponch sawufiamawa.
M. walja ch'iyar eawr kapufiamawa
E. Jumajj arumanthejj, walja ch'iyar eawr kapufiamawa.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasaj j arumanthejj, walja ch'iyar eawr kapufiasawa.
M. nanacajj jutir lunesajj
E. Nanacajj jutir lunesajj, walja ch'iyIr t'awr kapupjjafiajjawa.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj jutir lunesajj, walja ch'iyar eawr kapupjjafiasawa.
M. ovejanac qharipjjeasawa
E. Jiwasanacajj jutir lunesajj, walja liq'i ovejanac qharipjjafiasawa.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj jutir lunesajj, walja liq'i ovejanac qharifiajjawa.
M. wawanacajjajj, wanc'unacar mank' churapjjafiapawa.
E. Wawanacajjajj jutir lunesajj, wanc'unacar mank' churapjjafiapawa.
M. Josean wawanacapajj
E. Josean wawanacapajj jutir lunesajj, wanc'unacar mank' churapjjelapawa.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj jutir lunesajj, wanc'unacar mank' churapjjafiajjawa.
M. tata Enriquen vacanacap awatipjjaaajjawa.
E. Nanacajj jutir lunesajj, tata Enriquen vacanacap awatipjjafiajjawa.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj jutir lunesajj, tata Enriquen vacanacap awatipjjeamawa.Hosted for free on livelingua.com
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131
LESSON XIII
Completion drill - Arunac phokachaia
Supply the appropriate form of the verb in parentheses.
1 Nayajj jutir domingojj pelot anatir canch aarafiajjawa(sara a)
2 Jumaj j arumanthejj tioman utap lurir(1=afia)
3 Jupajj qhaya jisc'a chac sum (nsquichana)
4 Jiwasajj tatasan utap yap khech'ir (jutafia)
5 Jiwasanacajj arumanthejj ovej _.(qharifia)
11.1.11.1.1011114
6 Nanacajj jutir phajjsejj walja wanc'unac
7 Jumanacajj jutir phajjsejj walja chawlianac
8 Jupanacajj kharUrojj eugha vacanac kol4catufi
(awati,a)
1 Ilayajj arumanthejj jilajjan.qhuchip(qharir.a)
2 Jumajj jutir martesajj pelot anatir(sarana)
3 Jupajj kharUrojj Pedrcn phuchapamp .
f(thckoa;4 Jiwasajj jutir domingojj tatasan yapup .
(lurai-la)
5 Jiwasanacajj arumanthejj tata Enriquen merh'eutap (asquichaia)
6 Nanacajj kharUrojj mama Parian k'afiu isinacap(Cajjsina)
7 Jumanacajj jutir viernesajj, tata Josean wawap(jarina)
8 Jupanacajj jutir miercolesajj, mama Susanan kawrap .
(awati6a)
1 Arumanthejj nayajj wanc'unacar manic' (churana)
2 Jutir lunesajj jumajj tatasan vacap (avatifia)
3 Arumanthejj tata Enriquejj Chuquiag machak
isinac alir .(sarana)
4 KharUrojj jiwasajj tata Pablon merk'e utap(asquichalm)
5 Jutir domingojj nayamp jumanacampejj qhuch(qharifia)
6 Jutir phajjsejj nayamp warmejjampejj tatajjan
ponchop .(sawaba)
lurafiamaga
.
asquichaaapl7a
jutafiasm7a
qharipjjafiasawa
aljanjjaaajjaue
catupjjaCianuda
awatipjjaaapawa
qhari-isjjew,
sareamawa
thokonaparu
luiafiasawa
asquichapjjafiasawP
t'ajjsipjjai-.ajjaw.
jaripjjai'.adiawa
awatipjjaila&awE.
churanajjawa
awatihamawa
sarafiapawa
asquichafiasawa
qharipjjanasawa
sawupjjaftajjawa
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132
LESSON
7
8
II.1 Nayanjj
XIII - Completion Drill
RharayWojj jumamp jupanacampejj walja cartanac.(kellkafia)
kellkapjjafiamawa
churapjjafiapawa
awatihajjawa
Kharayp'ojj Susanamp, Mariamp, Rositampejjchhiwchhinacar um (churana)
arumanthejj tata Josean vacap (awatifia)
2 Jumanjj arumanthejj jilaman ch'oke yapup khech'eamawa(khech'afia)
3 Jupanjj kharlirojj Davidan warmipar sawua . yanapanapawa
(YaTliTTE)
4 Jiwasanjj jutir phajjsejj pelot anatir marc sarahasawa(sarafia)
5 Jiwasanacanjj jutir phajjsejj aymar sum yatekapjjahasawa(yatekaha)
6 Nanacanjj kharayp'ojj mama Rositar uywanacar mank'
churafi .(yanapafia) yanapapjjafiajjawa
7 Jumanacanjj jichhajj tata Juanar cart kellkapjjahamawa(kellkm6a)
8 Jupanacanjj jichhajj machak isinac alapjjafiapawa
(aljaha)
1 Jutir phajjsejj nayanjj tatajjan marcap saranaj j awa
(saraha)
2 Jutir semanajj jumanjj amigoman utap visitir jutaftamawa
(jutaha)
3 Kharilrojj tata Pedronjj apill yap ..khechtahapawa(khech'ana)
4 Arumanthejj jiwasanjj. tata Andresar uywa
uy picha. . (yanapaa) yanapahasawa
5 Jichhajj nayamp jumanacampejj qhaya kot chawll
catur .(saraha) sarapjjanasawa
6 Jichhajj nayamp jupanacampejj thac asquichir sarapjjahajjawa(sararia)
7 Jichhajj jumamp jupanacampejj tata Domingon
vacap . (qhariii.a) gharipj
8 Jichhajj Joseamp, Aifredomp, Mariampejj samarapjjaiiapa(samaraaa)
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134
LESSON XIII - Questions and AnswersPositive
M. Tata Mariomp Joseampejj cun lurapjjafiapas arumanthejja?
E. Jupanacajj tunca pheskan qhuchinac qharipjjafiapawa.
M. Mama Mariamp Rositampejj cawc sarapjjanapas jutir domingojja?
E. Jupanacajj k'a u isinac t raj j sir, qhaya jach'a jawir sarapjjahapawa.
N. Jumamp phuchamampejj cun lurapjjailamas jutir phajjsejja?
E. Nanacajj Susanan utap thokor sarapjjanajjawa.
N. Nayajj cun lurafiajjas jichhajja?
E. Jumajj jilaman merkee isinacap ch'ucuaamawa.
M. Cawc jutafiapas tata Pedronjja?
E. Tata Pedronjj qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca jank'o ut jutanapawa.
M.low apt
Cawc sarapjjaiiamas jumanacan jutir phajjsejja?
E. Nanacanjj jutir phajjsejj, Argentin sarapjjaftajjawa.
Dialogue - Cuento
MAMA MARIAMP MAMA TERESANPEJJ MARC SARA= MUNAPJJE
Maria: Mama Teresa, jichhHrojji jumajj marc saratati?
Teresa: Janiw sarcat mama.
Cunata?2 Nayajj jumampiw marc saran munta.
T: Janiw mama jichhurojj sarcHti,phuchajjaw wali usuta, jupar
yanapafiajjawa.
M: Ay ucaw mama, qhitimpirac saastiP
T: Cullacajjamp saram, jupaw saran munasqui.
M: Waliquiw mama, uqhamajj5 cullacaman utap sarH. Sarawayjg
(Mariajj Teresan cullacapan utap sari)
M: Mama Elena, cuns lurasctajja?
E: Ay mama Maria, nayajj marc sara;1 munta, ucampis6janiw qhitity,-u
7saran puedcti ,janit jumajj Earatajja?
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135
LESSON XIII - Dialogue
M: Ucaruw8 nayajj jutte, rayajj callacamampiw oarsrl munta, uc3m?!..0
jupajj jichhilrojj janiw sarcaniti. Jupan phuchapaw usuta uc
ufijaaapawa. SarafiHniy10
mama Elena.
E: Waliquiwa, saraatini, cunanacs alanYtajja?11
T'ant'a, choke, aycha, arroza, azucaia take ucanac12
alaniaajjawa, jumasti?
E: Nayajj uqhamaraquiwa.13
Uqhamajj jin sarafidni.14
NOTES
1 jichhliru 'today'
2 cunata 'why;' lit. 'what' - 'by.'
3 shillrairac 'with whom.'
qhiti 'who'
mpi 'with'
rac 'also'
4 saram 'come.' Imperative singular.
The imperative can be formed by adding the suffix to the
infinitive stem; in the plural, the infix -Rik- is added:
e.g. Escuelar saram. 'Go to the school.' (sg.)
Egs2.21Essamujiam. 'Go to the school.' (pl.)
koneasiba 'to sit down'ikont'arlim 'sit down'
5 uqhama 'sor thus, like that'
6 ucampis 'but'
7 puedcti '1 can't:' from anestala (Sp. ;coder; puedo)
8 ucaruw 'for that (reason)'; uca 'that'
9 uc; contraction of uca.
10 sarananiy 'let's go then': The 1st person dual form in the future also
711A) 'then' functions as an imperative form.
11 cmanassalagsails.? 'What things (lit. 'whats') are.you going to buy?'
(N.B. possibly the emphasizes the future progressive quality:
!gOing to buy' in the future. ''Cf. Lesson VI.)
12 take ucanac 'all those things.' take ncana(cOthose things'
13 ushan._1.atag3.Iwa ' also' . u hams. 'so' ; ragui 'also.'
14 jin sareani 'let's go.' jina 'let's go'.
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LESSON XIII - Dialogue
Mama.nmamalMariai-taraiwarla""eBuenos dias mama...
Buenos dias mama... Jutascaquim.1
M:
R:
M:
R:
M:
R:
M:
R:
M:
R:
R:
R:
R:
R:
Camisac mama?
Walic mama...
Iyaw3mama...
Aca chekaruy kont'asim mama.2
Mama, chacb.satajj acancasquit.L?4
136
Janiw mama, chachajjajj janiw acancquiti, jupajj Chuquiag sari.
Wawamajj utjiti?
JYs mama, quimsaniwa.
Cawquinquis wawanacamajja?
JilYrejj escuelancasquiwa.TaypYrejj ovej awatiriw awichapan tap sari.
Sullcasti qhaya jawiran anatasqui.
Ay mama, nayajj c' awn alasti munta, cawqhans c'awnajj utji?
C'awnajj qhaya jisc'a jank'o utan utji.
Kawkhacamas c'awnajj aca estancian cuesti?
Pheska pataccamawa.
Qhaya utan anojj utjiti?
J!s mama, utjiwa, ucampis janiw achjquiti.6
Uqhamajj sarawayjja mama, jiquisi,cam mama.
Waliquiw mama, jiquisiiicam mama.
NOTES
1 Jutascaguis 'come on in.' The imperative can be formed from a durative
verb; in such cases, the suffixes gui 'only' may be added.
2 Aca chekaruy koneasim.'Sit down in this place;!
koneasiia takes the preposition ru
cheka 'sure; direction; place'
3 Iya 'all right.'
4 acancanaiacancascafia 'to be here' Cf. Grammar, Lesson IV.
5 iigri 'oldest one.' taypiri 'middle one.' sullca 'youngest.'
Cf. notes for story, Lesson XI.
6 achiaia 'to bite.'
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LESSON XIV - Tunca_pusinir lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
camisa
chamara/saco (sacu)
ch'ajjch'uquipata/chlajj-
jayrasiliach'oquipaiia
llaquisina
llucheu
pankara
sartafia
sombrero (sumiru)
sumafia
yatichaina ET.u]
137
camisa shirt
saco, palet6 sack, coat
rociar to sprinkle
tener flojera to Le lazy
reir to laugh
tener pena to be sad
gorro cap
flor flower
levantarse to get up
sombrero hat
ser bueno to be nice
to teachenseiiar
Grammar - Suma oarlaaaraqui,
Negative necessity: infinitive stem + (plural infix) + possessive
infinitive ending + pronominal suffix +:(lengthening of 1;owel) 2"4,
t' aj j t' aai isunasRquiti
t'ajjsuhamgquiti
t' aj
t °3ilSLPyBnG4jii ::
sLaitsszilliiiloicuit
negative Janiw may occur .directly ,after the subject or
directly before the verb:
e.g. Easii_cmRnisam19±-id alasinaijaquiti.
'I don't have to buy a shirt or hat.'
Emajj janiw mamaj jar vanapanajjaquiti. 'I don't have to help
my mother.'
In the negative, Rudimentos distinguishes between%ability (marked by
the contracted negative -ID and possibility (marked by the expanded
negative - Vquiti):
Janiw mank'airti '(This) is not for eating.'
Janiw mank'anaquiti '(This) must not be eaten.'
II. Reflexive - reciprocal particle Cf. discussion of grammar, LessonVl.
e.g. jarila 'to wash4arisiaa 'to wash oneself.
13.agui i.a. 'to be sad (about someone)illaquisina 'to be sad.'
In some pairs, the meaning of the -Ai- is no longer very apparent:
laruia/larusifia 'to laugh'Hosted for free on livelingua.com
r-
LESSON XIV
Substitution Wasa arunac uscufia
M. Joseajj janiw yap luraFlapaquiti.
E. Joseajj janiw yap lurafiapgquiti.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj janiw yap lurafiajjgquiti.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj janiw yap lurafiasgquiti
M. walja is eajjsifiasgquiti
E. Jiwasajj janiw walja is eajjsifiasNquiti.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj janiw walja is eajjsipjjafiajjNquiti.
M. c'awnamp aychamp aljapjjaf,ajjNquiti
E. Nanacajj janiw c'awnamp aychamp aljapjjaajjaquiti.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj janiw c'awnamp aychamp aljapjjaiIam%quiti.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj janiw c'awnamp aychamp aljaLamgquiti.
M. utamp chacamp asquicha;:amgquiti
E. Jumajj janiw utamp chacamp asquichafiamgquiti.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj janiw utamp chacamp asquichapjjafiasNquiti.
M. jumajj
E. Jupajj janiw utamp chacamp asquichafiapNquiti.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj janiw utamp chacamp asquichapjjaliapaquiti.
M. ch'oke yap khech'apjjafiapaquiti
E. Jupanacajj janiw ch'oke yap khech'apjjeapgquiti.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj janiw choke yap khech'aFajjgquiti.
138
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144
LESSON XIV - Completion drill
M. Jumanacanjj k'a.0 isinac t'ajjsir jawir jutapjjafiamati?
E. Janiwa, janiw jutapjjeajjHquiti. Nanacanjj kawr awatir
jutapjjanajjawa.
M. Jutir sabadojj samarapjjafiamati?
E. Janiwa, janiw samarapjjafiajjaquiti. Nanacanjj aymar yatekapjjafiajjawa.
M. Jutir domingojj tioman utap thokor saraflamati?
E. Janiwa, janiw sarafiajjHquiti. Nayanjj cullacajjan utap
asquichafiajjawa.
M. Jiwasanacanjj peiot anatir sarapjjafiasati?
E. Janiwa, janiw sarapjjafiasHquiti. Jiwasanacanjj Woke yap
khech'apjjafiasawa.
M. Pedrojj vacanac awatiflapati?
E. Janiwa, janiw awatifiapHquiti. Jupanjj phuchapan iquif"ap
t'ajjsifiapawa.
M. Jiwasanjj chawll catur sarapjjafiasati?
E. Janiwa, janiw sarapjjafiasaquiti. Jiwasanjj Marian wawapar jarifiasawa.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA JOSEAJJ ESPOSAPAMPIW PARLI
Jose: Maria, utasajj wali sumawa, ucampis cocinasajj k'afiuwa.
Arumanthejj nayajj cocin pichafi munta, janiw oficin sarcHti.
Maria: Arumanthejj nayajj is eajjsinajjawa, janiw jumar ut pichafi
yanapafiajjHquiti. Qhitimpis pichiltajja?1
J: Uqhamajj tata Alfredompiw pichH, cunalaycutej j jupajj arumanthejj
janiw cuns lukcaniti.
M: Kawkha koliks jiipar churatajja?
J: PH tunc quimsakallkon warank churH, waliquiti?2'
M: Janiw waliquiti, jupajj sojjta wawanacaniwa, quimsa tunc
warank kollk churaPamawa.
J: Uqhamajj quimsa tunc warank kollk churg.
M: Jose, jutir domingojj janiw iglesia sarcUti, cunalaycutejj
Marian utap visitir sarafiajjawa.
Jumajj yap lurafiamati?
J: Janiwa, janiw lurafiajjHquiti, ucampis qhaya marc saranajjawa.
Acajj mank'ajj Jose, mank'afi muntati?
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145
LESSON XIV - Dialogue
J: JYsa, cunanacas3 utji?
N: C'awna, aycha, arroz, cawqars muntajja?4
T. Aychamp arrozamp munta.
M: C'awn muntati?
J: C'awnajj jichhajj janiw mank'ailajjaquiti.ucampis arumanthiw mank'a.
Waliquiwa, ualiquiwa.
NOTES
I cunalaycuti 'because': cuna 'what!; laycu 'fore; -ti interrogative
marker, This is the first example of -ti followed by the -iia
particle.
2 wawanacaniwa 'he has six children.'
-ni- suffix of possession, followed by personal findings:
wawanacanit(u)wa 'I have children'
wawanacanitawa 'You have children'
wawanacaniwa 'He has children'
etc. cf. Grammar, Lesson IV.
3 cunanaca 'things'
4 cawquirs muntajia? 'Which do you want?' =
object cawqu!rs from full form cawauiris(a)
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA JOSEAJJ UT PICHAD' MAMMA MARIAR YATICHI
Jose: Mama Maria, aca utamajj wall sumawa, ucampis nayajjjumarojj yatichan munsma jue'amp sumaaapataqui.
Maria: Canach2
tata Jose? Yaticht'itay3tata, nayajj jueamp yatekafi
munta.
J: Sapa uruw jumajj utam pishasinama,4cunalaycutejj k'afiunacatjja
cunayman usunacaw sarti.
M: Cunams pichafiajjawa?6
J: Nayrakatajj ma juc'a umamp ch'ajjch'oquipatamawa, ucatstiin juc'a ratotjja pichanamp pichanamawa./
M: Cunataquis umampejj ch'ajjch'oquipailajja?8
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146
LESSON XIV - Dialogue
J: Jan lak'a sartaiapataqui.9
M: Waliquiw tata Jose, jichherut ucsarojj nayajj uqhem lure, 10mayninacaruw yaticharaquY utanacap sum pichasipjja7apataqui.
J: Waliquiw mama Maria, nayajj jutir semanaw jute ucat juc'amp
yaticharaquYma me suma uta ufijasir mama tucufiamataqui.11
M: Yuspagar tata Jose, uqhemajj jutir semanaw suyema.12
J: Sarawayjje mama Maria, jiquisificama.
M: Saraquimay tata Jose, jiquisificama.
NOTES
1 ucampis... 'but I want to teach you in order that it be better.'
munsma 'I want' plus pronominal object 'you.'
juc'ampi 'more' (iusla 'a little')
sumefiapataqui, lit. 'for the sake of its being good':
infinitive - possessive suffix - taqui.
(suma 'good;' sumefia 'to be nice, good' (said of things)
-1-euxi 'in order that, for the sake of')
2 cunacha? 'what is it?' -cha particle indicates doubt or indecision.
3 Imperative : 'teach me'
4 sapa 'each'
pichasifia 'to sweep (for oneself)'; cf. pichafis 'to sweep.'
5 cunalaycutejj... 'because from filthiness all kinds ofillneses arise'
Vali 'dirty, dirtiness'; k'afiunaca pl.
-ti ja 'by, by means of (-147 manner suffix plus -ill suffix)
cunaymani 'every kind'
usu usunaca pl.
sartafia 'to arise'
6 cunems 'how;' contraction of cunamas (also cunjamas)
7 navrakata 'first;' ch'aijch'oquipafia 'to.sprinkle;' ucatsti 'and th...10
me juc'a ratotAja 'in a little while' (-ta 'from;' Sp. rata 'moment');
pichgfia 'broom'
8 cunataquis 'for what' Cf. above, No. 1.
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147
LESSON XIV - Dialogue
NOTES (continued)
9 'So that the dust doesn't rise.'
lak'a 'dust; ground.'
sartabapa?taqui: Cf above, No. 1. The negative' in order that - not'
is formed by the addition of the contracted negative ian:
clan sarafiapataqui 'so that it not rise' (lit., 'in order for its
not rising')
10 'Good, from tomorrow on I will do that, and I'll also teach the
others so that they sweep their houses well.'
lichlitirut 'from tomorrow': -ta 'from;' ucsara 'on that side;'
Eaminacaruw 'to the others (mavni 'one' plus -naca plural);
vaticharaquM = 1st person sg. future vatichY -rasAi7 'also'.
The infix raaui is attached to the last vowel of the verb stem
(yat:icha -) and the future endings follow the -raqui-
Pichasipjiafiapataqui, lit., 'for the sake of their cleaning.' Cf.
No. 1 above.
11 'Fine, dona Maria, next week I'll come, then I'll teach you more
so that you can become a good mistress of the house (housekeeper).'
malkharaouima 'I'll also teach you.'
tjtaj&asi 'mistress of the house ;' ktiafia 'to see, take care of
u0asiri 'one who takes care'
t_ ucufia 'to finish; become' (takes ru.in the latter meaning).
12 waelltanl 'thank you ; infinitive vuspaarana 'to thank (someone)'
Iswam 'I'11 expect you'; infinitive suvafia 'to wait for, expect'
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LESSON XV - Tunca
Vocabulary Arunaca
ajanu
ampara
ampar luc'ana(luc'ana - finger)
Wjarla
callachi
cayu
cayu luc'ana
cunca
chuyma
iqui (iqui purtia -be sleepy)
jallu
jifichu
jiqhani
jurintaida
karjafia
konkori
lupi
lupjaiia
mallkta.nasa
nayra
puraca
purifia (+ ru)
pharjaha
p'eke
thaya, tutuce
thayjaha
usuta (usu 'sickness'usuta 'sick')
utachafla
heskanir lecciona
caru
mano
dedo de la mano
tener timbre
hombro
pie, pierna
dedo .de la, pie
cuello
corazOn
suefio
lluvia
oreja
espalda
mojai
caviar
*rodilla
brill "o' del sol
sentir'calor del sol
gargantnariz
ojo
est6majo
llegar
tener sed
cabeza
frio, viento
tener frio
enfermar, doler
construir
148
face
hand
finger
to be hungry
shoulder
leg, foot
toe
neck
heart
dream
rain
ear
back (body)
to wet
to tire.
knee
sunshine
to feel the heat ofthe sunthroat'nose
eye.
stomach
to arrive
to be thirsty
head
cold, wind
to be cold
to become sick,to feel pain
to build
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149
LESSON XV
Grammar L111222g.I1SSIAILL
Impersonal constructions : positive
In these constructions, the subject is expressed by the personal pronoun
with ru ('to me, to you' etc.). Where English has 'I am hungry', the
Aymara equivalent may be 'to me it makes me hungry.' The impersonal verbs
may participate in the following three types of construction:
I. (a) noun is optional; where it appears, it takes the suffix -ta
indicating 'material' or 'manner.'
awtjafia 'to be hungry' usuna 'to hurt' (cf. also below III(c))
212gyialla 'to be thirsty'
e.g. y2L2aNaaro"(mac'at)awt..."itu'I'm hungry'
JumarojA (umat) pharjtam 'You're thirsty'
04.B. persot construction is also possible with the above two verbs:
nayaij avtiatatwa (inf. awtiataga)
navaii pharjatatwa (inf. phariatafia)
Verbal infix -ta- implies that the action is beginning or is
being intensified, and is attached to the verb stem.
e.g. thayafia it&be / thavtafia 'to. become windy'
apaaa 'to carry' / aptaga 'to lift up'
jalaha 'to run' / jaltaia 'to escape'
thokaaa 'to dance' / thoktaha 'to jump, spring')
(b) Noun with the suffix -ta is required.
thayaEa 'to be cold'
lulligrla 'to be hot'
e.g. Natthaviaviietu 'Our heads are cold'
p'eket lupj itu 'My head is hot'
II. No noun is required
Kariafia 'to be tired'
e.g. asamiLwal karitam 'You are tired'
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LESSON XV - Grammar
150
III. Noun can take either a or -wa suffix in positive declarative
statements. In negative and interrogative statements, only -lit is
permitted. (For negative, cf. Lesson XVI)
(a) fixed noun required
iqui- purifia 'to be sleepy' (lit.,'sleep or dream arrives')
e.g. Emaroalluktunrisa 'I am tired'
(b) noun is optional
(thaya-) thayjafia 'to be cold'
(lupi-) lupjafia 'to be hot'
e.g. Nanacarojj thayaw thayjapjjetu 'We are cold'
Jiwasanacarojj lupiw lupjapijestu 'We are hot'
(c) noun not fixed but required
(Noun) usuita 'to hurt' (cf. also above I(a))
(Noun) jurintafia 'to be wet'
e.g. Jumarojj amparajj ustam 'Your hand hurts'
Jumanacarojj jalluw jurintapiitam 'You are wet (from the rain)'
bemiLlistaliyekeji ustam 'You have a headache now'
Conjugation of avtjafia: [stem awtj- + (plural) + endings].
dt'-itu awC-istu awti-apt i-estu
awti-apfj-etu
awtj-tam atSimaLti=t-
auti-i
The third person impersonal forms are identical to the third person
punctual forms.
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151
LESSON XV
Substitution Drill.- Wasa arunac uscuia
M. Nayarojj mank'at awtjitu.
E. Nayarojj mank'at awtjitu.
M. jupanacarojj
E. Jupanacarojj mank'at autjapjje.
M. nanacarojj
E. Nanacarojj mank'at awtjapjjetu.
M. cullacajjarojj
E. Cullacajjarojj mank'at awtji.
M. Pablon wawanacaparojj
E. Pablon wawanacaparojj mank'at awtjapjje.
M. jiwasarojj
E. Jiwasarojj mank'at
M. jumampir amigomampirojj
E. Jumampir amigomampiroji mank'at awtjapjjtam.
M. jiwasanacarojj
E. Jiwasanacarojj mank'at awtjapjjestu.
M. umat pharjapjjestu
E. Jiwasanacarojj umat pharjapjjestu.
M. Pedrompir Joseampirojj
E. Pedrompir Joseampirojj umat pharjapjje.
M. jumarojj
E. Jumarojj umat pharj tam.
M. jilanacaj jampir cullacanacajjampirojj
E. Jilanacajjampir cullacanacajjampirojj umat pharjapjje.
M. Rositampir, Susanampir,Elenampirojj
E. Rositampir, Susanampir, Elenampirojj umat pharjapjje.
M. jumanacarojj
E. Jumanacarojj umat pharjapjj tam. Hosted for free on livelingua.com
152
LESSON XV - Substitution drill
M. Nayarojj jalluw jurintitu.
E. Nayarojj jalluw.jurintitu.
M. juparojj
E. Juparojj jalluw jurinti.
M. nanacarojj jichhajj
E. Nanacarojj jichhajj jalluw jurintapjjetu.
M. jumarojj
E. Jumarojj jichhajj jalluw jurinttam
M. jiwasanacarojj
E. Jiwasanacarojj jichhajj jalluw jurintapjjestu.
M. jilanacajjampir cullacanacajjampirojj
E. Jilanacajjampir cullacanacajjampirojj jichhajj jalluw jurintapjje.
M. jumanacarojj
E. Jumanacarojj jichhajj jalluw.jurintapjjtam.
M. nayampir jumampirojj
E. Nayampir jumampirojj jichhajj jalluw jurintistu.
M. thayaw thayjistu
E. Nayampir jumapirojj jichhajj thayaw thayjistu.
M. Pablon tatapampir mamapampirojj
E. Pablon tatapampir mamapampirojj jichhajj thayaw thayjapjje.
Mr, jakerojj
E. Jakerojj jichhajj thayaw thayji
M. nanacarojj
E. Nanacarojj jichhajj thayaw thayjapjjetu.
M. aca liq'i waynarojj
E. Aca liq'i waynarojj jichhajj thayaw thayji.
N. waynanacampir tawakonacampirojj
E. Waynanacampir tawakonacampirojj jichhajj thayaw thayjapjje.Hosted for free on livelingua.com
welcAuql Tem ffoiewnr 4y3n 4equlpsylmnbse pew ffetitraTc qemnr g Celan 141
eaccduCAutp Tem goaupeuedric
lean "Fribdtsuippbse pew pretitmr ffedueccupeuepeTTno dureccepeueru .g
PcadmepPeoeuepuTTno dmercepeueTTF
.melqducAutil Tem ccoaeoeuemnp
Tem 4ecre4pdTsettapbse pew rcutitmc pfedwemeoeueounno dmemnr sa
UedmumepsuepeTTno dmemnp 'N
.111seccduckelp
Tem rfoieoeuesemTC Tem 411233dTseti3tnbse pew cputlipTC ccepeuesemu g uel:odTsetipplbse pep petitioTr ppeoeuesemTc 'N
.n4effderAutil
Tem cfaxeoeueu Ism gelodTspme imux CCeimpTc qadmeAuu dmeasor g
ccadmeAeu dmeasor
accdeccAelp Aetp TUL4 rcoaeoeuednc 4em "mbdTspeme amex cCelpinc cCupeueuLem .a
ccupeueuAum 14
"TC4m14 rem ccoiednr 4em 4pbspeme arm% cPutIllor cPcPuTeI '3
TcAut13 'N
Tcien Tum ccoiednf Tem 6TnbsTeme ppetimoTP ffeccum g Tnbspeme ime)1
.Tpu4 Tem cpaxednc lion 6Tribseint deA cputitioTr ccepplel, .g
ccBccu4e4 'N
-n4eccderaux Tem rporepuueu 4e leapdTssinT d1Ac cculltmc ccepeuem .a
ccupeum 'N
n4sicamt Tem cpaesemTP lean cuelosanT duA creqqpir ccusemIr '2
ccesEmTc 14
.n1Trami Tem ffareAuu Tem cuToseinT deA ccutitmc ppeAem .a
.n4Trami Tem ccoaeAeu Tem 6e4oseinT deb ffetitmc ffekei4
TIPP
EST
uoT4113T4eqnS AX MOSSTI
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LESSON XV - Substitution drill
M. Cullacajjampir nayampirojj iquiw puripjjetu.
E. Cullacajjampir nayampirojj iquiw puripjjetu.
M. jumampir warmimampirojj
E. Jumampir warmimampirojj iquiw puripjj tam.
M. jiwararojj
E. Jiwasarojj iquiw
M. lupiw lupjistu
E. Jiwasarojj lupiw
puristu.
lupj istu.
154
M. jumampir yokallanacampirojj
E. Jumampir yokallanacampirojj lupiw lupjapjjtam.
M. mama Rositan wawanacaparojj
E. Mama Rositan wawanacaparojj lupiw lupjapjje.
M. thayaw thayjapjje
E. Mama Rositan wawanacaparojj thayaw thayjapjje.
M. tiojjampir nayampirojj
E. Tiojjampir nayampirojj thayaw thayjapjjetu.
M. Pablon yokallanacapampir imillanacapampirojj
E. Pablon yokallanacapampir imillanacapampirojj thayaw thayjapjje.
M. umat pharjapjje
E. Pablon yokallanacapampir imillanacapampirojj umat pharjapjje.
M. nayampir jumanacampirojj
E. Nayampir jumanacampirojj umat pharjapjjestu.
M. p'ekew usupjjestu
E. Nayampir jumanacampirojj p'ekew usupjjestu.
M. nayarojj
E. Nayarojj p'ekew usutu.
M. jumarojj
E. Jumarojj p'ekew ustam.Hosted for free on livelingua.com
74.
155
LESSON XV
Completion drill - 41rullesptkokachaHa
Conjugate the following verbs:
Nayarojj mank'at (awtjaiii)
(Jumarojj, juparojj, jiwasarojj, jiwasanacarojj, nanacarojj, jumanacarojj,
jupanacarojj.)
Nayarojj umat (pharjaia).
Nayarojj iquiw (purilla) .
II. Nayarojj jichhajj p'eket .(1upida)
Jumarojj jichhajj p'aket .(1upiUa)
Juparojj jichhajj amparat .(thayaila)
Jiwasarojj jichhajj amparat
Jiwasanacarojj jichhajj Coca Colat
Nanacarojj jichhajj p'eket
Jumanacarojj jichhajj ajanut
Jupanacarojj jichhajj jiqhanit .(thayana)
.(thaya6a)
(pharja:aa)
. (thayatia)
. (thayaila)
Nayajj yap lurascta,ucat nayarojj wal(karjaLa)
Jumajj is t'ajjsisctajja,ucat jumarojjamparaj j
Jupajj marc sarasqui,ucatjuparojj umat(pharjafia)
Jiwasajj vac awatisctan,ucat jjwasarojj lupejj(lupi,Ta)
Jiwasanacajj chawll catusipctan, ucat jiwasanacarojj
thayajj . (tbayja-a)
Nanacajj yap lurasipcta,ucat nanacarojj wal(karja,...a)
Jumanacajj wal anatasipctajja,ucat jumanacarojjiquejj .(puri,a)
Jupanacajj ch'oke yap khech'asipqui,ucat jupanacarojj
thayajj .(thayja-a)
lupjitu
lupltam
thayji
thayj istu
pharjapjjestu
thayjapjjetu
tbayjapfjtam
thayjapjja
,karjitu
ustam
pharji
lupjistu
thayjapjjestu
karjapjjetu
puripjjtam
thayjapjje
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LESSON XV - Completion Drill
Nayarojj mank'at (awtjafia): cawqhans mank'a alasifiajj
Jumarojj umat (pharjafia), Coca Cola muntati?
ltiparojj thayaw (thayjafia); samara muniti?
Jiwasarojj amparaw (usufia); samarafiasawa.
Jiwasanacarojj iquiw (purifia); samarapjjafiasawa.
Nanacarojj p'ekew (usgria); iquipjjafiajjawa.
Jumanacarojj lupiw (lupifia); Pepsi Cola umapjjafiamawa
Jupanacdrojj thayaw (thaviafia); samarapjjafiapawa.
utju?awtjitu
pharj tam
thayji
usustu
puripijestu
usupjjeu
. lupjapjjtam
thayjapjje
Questions and Answers - mi2ALs.awsafianacaminsct'afianaca
Positive - Chekanaca
M. Carolina, jumarojj mank'at awtjtamti?
E. JTsa, nayarojj mank'at awtjitu.
M. Tata Davidarojj mank'at awtjiti?
E. JYsa, juparojj mank'at awtji.
M. Jumampir warmimampirojj mank'at awtjapjjtamti?
E. JYsa, nanacarojj mank'at awtjapjjetu.
M. Jupanacarojj umat pharjapjjeti?
E. JYsa, jupanacarojj umat pharjapjje.
M. Jumampir jilamampirojj jallojj jurintapjjtamti?
E. JYsa, nanacarojj jurintapjjetuwa.
M. Jumarojj jallojj jurinttamti?
E. JYsa, nayarojj jurintituwa.
M. Jumarojj umat pharjtamti?
E. Jisa, nayarojj umat pharjituwa.
M. Pedrompir Juanampirojj karjapjjeti?
E. JTsa, jupanacarojj karjapjjewa.
M. Tatajjarojj thayajj thayjiti?
E. JYsa, juparojj thayjiwa.
M Jiwasanacarojj p'ekejj usupjjestuti?
E. JTsa, jiwasanacarojj p'ekejj usupjjestuwa.
Oa
1
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LESSON XV - Questions and AnswersPositive
M. Jumanacarojj lupejj lupjapjjtamti?
E. JMsa, nanacarojj lupejj lupjapjjetuwa.
N. Jumarojj jiqhanejj ustamti?
E. Jisa, nayarojj jiqhanejj usutuwa.
Jumanacarojj iquejj puripjjtamti?
E. nsa, nanacarojj iquejj puripjjetuwa.
M. P'eket ustam?
E. Jis tata, p'ekew usutu.
M. Cayut ustam?
E. Jis tata, cayuw usutu.
M. Amparat ustam?
E. Jis tata, anparaw usutu.
H. Callachit ustam?
E. Jis tata, callachiw usutu.
Nasat ustam?
E. JMs tata, nasaw usutu.
M. Konkorit ustam?
E. Jis tata, konkoriw usutu.
M. Ajanut ustam?
E. Jis tata, ajanuw usutu.
M. Nayrat ustam?
E. Jis tata, nayrav usutu.
Jinchut ustam?
E. Jis tata, jinchuw usutu.
M. Ampar luc'anat ustam?
E. Jis tata, ampar luc'anaw usutu.
i. Cayu luc'anat ustam?
E. Jis tata, tayu luc'anaw usutu.
N. Chuymat ustam?
E. Jis tata, chuymaw usutu.
M. Sighanit ustam?
E. Jis tata, jilhaniw usutu.
EL Puracat ustam?
E. Jis tata, puracaw usutu.
M. Cuncat ustam?
E. Jis tata, cuncaw usutu.
M. Mallk'at ustam?
E. Jis tata, mallk'aw usutu. Hosted for free on livelingua.com
158
LESSON XV
Dialogue - Cuento
Andresamp Susanampiw parlaptie
Andres: Ay mama Susana, nayarojj wal karjitu, jiniw trabajafi muncti.
Susana: Ay ucawa...Nayarojj umat pharj itu, cawqhans umajj utji?
Umajj qhaya jach'a jawiran utji, ucampis janiw sums Womgquiti.
S: Wittman tiojjan utap sarg, cunalaycutejj jupan utapajjjactaquiwa.1
A: Arumanthejj nayajj samarafiajjawa, janiw trabajafiajjgquiti,ucampis jutir semanajj janiw samarcgti, cunalaycutejjtata Pedror ut luran yanapafiajjawa.
S: Waliquiw tata Andres, waliquiw tata Andres.Kawkhas calaminajj cuesti?
A: Mg quintal2
calaminajj patac quimsa tuncan warankaw cuesti.
S: Ay, walja kollkewa.
A: J!sa, waljawa, ucampis machak utajj sumawa.
S: Nayarojj mank'at autjitu, cawqhans tiendajj utji?
A: Ay Susana, tiendajj qhaya jisc'a marcan utji, saran muntati?
S: J1sa, t'ant'amp quesomp alasifi munta.
Ughgmajj saragni.
S: Waliquiw, sarangni.
NOTES
1 jac'aquiwa 'is near.'
2 quintal-ehundred - weight'
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LESSON XVI - Tunca soljtanir lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
anka afuera
mistufia [f ru] salir
Graun - Suma parlanata ui
l9
outside
to go out
Impersonal constructions: negative
I. (a) noun is optional; where it appears, it takes the suffix -ta
indicating 'material' or 'manner/
awtjana 'to be hungry'
pharjaaa 'to be thirsty'
e.g. NuarceitianiE(mank'at) aTiltiquituti 'I'm not hungry'
/jaxarejijrispsinat)harjuituti 'I'm not thirsty'
(N.B. A personal construction is also possible with the above
two verbs:
nayajjjaniw_pharlatacti(stisaiLtaFa)
.t3anaajap_iwpharfactatiire(b) noun with the suffix -ta is required.
thayafia 'to be cold'
lupjafia 'to be hot'
e.g. Jui)arsii*icthha't.'aniw cavu luc' anat thayiouiti. 'His toe isn't
cold now.'
Jumarojj lichhaiLianiw cavu luc'anat luictamti. 'Your toe isn't
hot now.'
II. No noun is required
lariana 'to be tired'
e.g. EsyassjLiankjia2,a:41d.pjsj. 'I'm not tired'
III. Noun can take -its
(a) fixed noun required
iqui- purina 'to be sleepy'
e.g. Nayaroij janiw isanalmatikuSi. !I'm not sleepy now.'
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160
LESSON XVI- Grammar
(b) Noun is optional
(thaya-) thayiana 'to be cold'
(192i-) lupiana 'to be hot'
e.g. ujj1itIJichha'''umEmacaro'atiaatha?'actamtiij_i_p_. 'You're not cold
now.'
Jumaroji janiw lupejj lupjctamti 'You're not hot.'
(c) noun not fixed but required
(Noun) usuna 'to hurt'
(Noun) iurintatia 'to be wet'
e.g. lupanacaroaichhaalaneusuuiti.. 'Their backs dou'thurt now.'
Jichhajj jiwasanacarojj janiw jallojj 'urintapquistuti.
'The rain isn't wetting us now.'
Conjugation of phariatia in the negative:
[stem phari- + negative -c- + (plural) + endings + negative -ti]
pharj-qu-itu-ti pharj-qu-istu-ti
phari-c-tam-ti
pharj-qu-i-ti
The third person impersonal forms are identicalperson punctual forms.
IV. In subordinate e. avoes after ucat, the negative
phari-anny:istu-ti
pharj - ap- qu- itu -ti
21911:1=1:12mtsi.
to the third
May be contracted to jan:
e.g. Nayajj la, q yap lurcti, ucat nayarojj jan karjquituti.
'I didn't work the field, so I'm not tired.'
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161
LESSON XVI
Substitution. Drill- Wasa arunac uscu.a
M. Nayarojj janiw umat pharjquituti.
E. Naygrojj janiw umat pharjquituti.
M. jupanacarojj
E. Jupanacarojj janiw umat pharjapquiti.
M. nanacarojj
E. Nanacarojj janiw umat pharjapquituti.
M. cullacajjarojj
E. Cullacajjarojj janiw umat pharjquiti.
M. Pablon wawanacaparojj
E. Pablon wawanacaparojj janiw umat pharjapquiti.
M. jiwasarojj
E. Jiwasarojj janiw umat pharjquistuti.
M. jumampir amigomampirojj
E. Jumampir amigomampirojj janiw umat pharjapctamti.
M. jiwasanacarojj
E. Jiwasanacarojj janiw umat pharjapquistuti.
M. mank'at awtjapquistuti
E. Jiwasanacarojj janiw mank'at awtjapquistuti.
M. Pedrompir Joseampirojj
E. Pedrompir Joseampirojj janiw mank' at awtjapquiti.
M. jumarojj
E. Jumarojj janiw mank'at awtjetamti.
M. jilanacajjampir cullacanacajjampirojj
E. Jilanacajjampir cullacanacajjampirojj janiw mank'at aNtjapquiti.
M. Rositampir, Susanampir, Elenampirojj
E. Rositampir, Susanampir, Elenampirojj janiw mank'at wtjapquiti.
M. jumanacarojj
E. Jumanacarojj janiw mank'at witjapctamti.Hosted for free on livelingua.com
162
LESSON XVI - Substitution Drill
M. Nayarojj janiw jallojj jurintquituti.
E. Nayarojj janiw jallojj jurintquituti.
M. juparojj
E. Juparojj janiw jallojj jurintquiti.
M. nanacarojj jichhajj
E. Nanacarojj jichhajj janiw jallojj jurintapquituti.
M. jumarojj
E. Jumarojj jichhajj janiw jallojj jurintctamti.
M. jiwasanacarojj
E. Jiwasanacarojj jichhajj janiw jallojj 4urintapqui3tuti!
M. jilanacajjampir cul1acanacajjampirojj
E. Jilanacajjampir cullacanacajjampirojj jichhajj janiw jallojjjurintapquiti.
M. jumanacarojj
E. Jumanacarojj jichhajj janiw jallojj jurintapctamti.
M. thayajj thayjapctamti
E. Jumanacarojj jichhajj janiw thayajj thayjapctamti.
M. jakenacaroji
E. Jakenacarojj jichhajj janiw thayajj thayjapquiti.
M. nanacarojj
E. Nanacarojj jichhajj janiw thayajj thayjapquituti.
M. aca liq'i waynarojj
E. Aca liq'i waynarojj jichhajj janiw thayajj thayjquiti.
M. qhaya waynanacampir tawakonacampirojj
E. Qhaya waynanacampir tawakonacampirojj jichhajj janiw thayajj
thayj apquiti.
M. jumampir nayampirojj
2. Jumampir nayampirojj jichhajj janiw thayajj thayjquistuti.
M. nayarojj
E. Nayarojj jichhajj janiw thayajj thayjquituti.
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164
LESSON XVI - Substitution Drill
M. Phuchajjarojj janiw iquejj purquiti.
E. Phuchajjarojj janiw iquejj purquiti.
M. nayarojj
E. Nayarojj janiw iquejj purquituti.
M. jumampir warmimampirojj
E. Jumampir warmimampirojj janiw iquejj puripctamti.
M. cullacajjampir nayampirojj
E. Cullacajjampir nayampirojj janiw iquejj puripquituti.
M. lupejj lupjapquituti
E. Cullacajjampir nayampirojj janiw lupejj lupjapquituti.
M. jumampir yokallanacamampirojj
E. Jumampir yokallanacamampirojj janiw lupejj lupjapctamti.
M. mama Rositan wawanacaparojj
E. Mama Rositan wawanacaparojj janiw lupejj lupjapquiti.
M. jumarojj
E. Jumarojj janiw lupejj lupjctamti.
K. jumampir nayampirojj
E. Jumampir nayampirojj janiw lupejj lupjquistuti.
M. Pablon yokallanacapampir imillanacapampirojj
E. Pablon yokallanacapampir imillanacapampirojj janiw lupejjlupjapquiti.
M. cayu luc'ananacapajj usupquiti
E. Pablon yokallanacapampirojj janiw cayu luc'ananacapajj usupquiti.
M. nayampir jumanacampirojj
E. Nayampir jumanacampirojj janiw cayu luc'ananacasajj usupquistuti.
M. jumanacarojj
E. Jumanacarojj janiw cayu luc'ananacamajj usupctamti.
E. nayarojj
E. Nayarojj janiw cayu luc'ananacajjajj usquituti.
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LESSON XVI
Completion Drill - Arunas022kas
I. Nayarojj janiw umat_ . (pharjafila)
(Jumarojj, juparoij, jiwasarojj, jiwasanacarojj, nanacarojj,
jumanacarojj, jupanacarojj)
Nayarojj janiw mank'at .(awtjana)
Nayarojj janiw iquejj .(purifia)
II. rayajj aymar yatekascta, ucat nayarojj janiw mankiat
__.(awtja:la)
Jumajj is eajjsisctajja, ucat jumarojj janiw
lupejj .(1upjai-a)
Jupajj Coca Col umasqui, ucat juparojj janiw
mankiat .(awtjana)
Jiwasajj kawr awatisctan, ucat jiwasarojj janiw
umat .(paarjafia)
Jiwasanacajj chawll catusipctan, ucat jiwasanacaroj
janiw .(1upjaaa)
Nanacajj pelot anatasipeta, ucat nanacarojj janiu
mank'at (awtjana)
Jumanacajj wal iouisipctajja, ucat jumanacarojj
janiw .(karjana)
Jupanacajj marc sarasipqui, ucat jupanacarojj
janiw jallojj .(jurintana)
Jichhajj nayajj kawr awatiscta, ucat nayarojj
janiw umat .(pharjaha)
Jichhajj jumajj kot sarasctajja, ucat jumarojj
janiw manic' at .(awtjana)
Jichhajj jupajj yap lurasqui, ucat juparojj janiw
p'ekejj .(usuna)
Jichhajj jiwasajj marc sarasctan, vat jiwasarojj
janiw umat (pharjana)
Jichhajj jiwasanacajj aymar yatekasipctan, ucat
thayajj janiw .(thayana)
165
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aNtjapquituti
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jurintapouiti
pharj quituti
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usquiti
pharjquistuti
thayjapquistuti
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LESSON XVI - Questions and AnswersNegative
M. Jumampir jilamampirojj jallojj jurintapjjtamti?
E. Janiwa, nanacarojj janiw jurintapquituti.
M. Josearojj ampar iuc'ananacapajj usuti?
E. Janiwa, juparojj jani:T usquiti,
M. Jiwasarojj umat pharjistuti?
E. Janiwa, jiwasarojj janiw umat pharjquistuti.
Pedrompir Juanampirojj thayajj thayjapjjeti?
E. Janiwa, jupanacarojj janiw thayjapquiti.
M. Jumarojj jichhajj iquejj purtamti?
E. Janiwa, nayarojj janiw purquituti.
N. Uarmimampir jumampirojj karjapjjtamti?
E. Janiwa, nanacarojj janiw karjapquituti.
M. Jiwasanacarojj cayu luc'ananacasajj usupjjestuti?
E. Janiwa, jiwasanacarojj janiw usupquistuti.
M. Mamajjaroji jiqhanejj usuti?
E. Janiwa, mamajjarojj janiw usquiti.
M. Nanacarojj jallojj jurintapjjetuti?
E. Jariwa, jumanacarojj janiw jurintapctamti.
M. Tata Davidarojj mank'at anjiti?
E. Janiwa, juparojj janiw aWtjquiti.
M. Jumampir awichamampirojj umat pharjapjjtamti?
E. Janiwa, nanacarojj janiw pharjapouituti.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA MARCOSAMP TATA LUCASANPEJJ KOTANCAPJJEWAL
Marcos: Tata Lucasa, nayarojj wal thayjitu, jumarojj thayjtamti?
Lucas:
M:
L:
M:
L:
M:
Nayarojj janiw thayjquituti, ucampis
Acajj ma jisc'a eant'ajj, muntati?
JYs tata Marcos. Acajj ma ponchojj,
Jis tata Lucas, nayarojj wal thayjit
Aca kotajj wall thayawa, utasar saran
Jisa, ucampis chawll catuffasawa.
nayarojj mank'at avtjitu.
jumajj muntati?
u.
asawa.
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168
LESSON XVI - Dialogue
L: Tata Marcos, jalluw juti, utar sarafigni,2 khariirdw wasitat3chawli caturejj jutaiigni.
M: Uqhgmajj sarafigni. Nayajj waija chawli catu: munta, ucampisthayjituwa.
L: Qhitis qhayajja?
M: Tata Enriquen yokapawe.
L: Cuns lurasqui?
M: Chawll catusqui. Jutir domingojj jupajj marc sarani,cunalaycutejj wawanacapajj iglesiar sarapjjafiapawa.
L: Ay tata Marcos, nayajj jichhajj utajjar sarg, arumanthiw
.
wasitat saratigni, waliquiti?
M: nsa, waliquiwa.
NOTES
1 Infinitive kotancaira 'to be at the lake'
2 'Let us go': future verb form used as an imperative.
3 Wasitata 'again'. The suffix -tata- is also added to infinitive stemsin the meaning of beginning the action: e.g. laruna 'to laugh'/
larutatagia 'begin lauglling
TATA MARCOSAMP TATA LUCASAMPEJJ MX KOLLePiiiil-FARLAPJJE
Lucas: Tata, aca kollu patajj wali thayawa.
Marcos: Jisa, wali thayawa, jiwasajj qhunu koll jac'anctanwa,2ucat
jiwasarojj thayjistu.
L:
M:
L:
M:
L:
M:
L:
M:
L:
144:
L:
Ah, uqhamajj uca jach'a ponchomp ponchosY3 ucat nayarojj janiwthayjquitaniti.
Ay tata Lucasa, uca ponchomajj sumaraquisg. 5
JTsa, sumawa, warmejjaw sawurapitu. Jin lak sarafigni,6nayarojj
umat pharjitu.
Nayarojj janiw pharjquituti, antisas mank'at doltjitu. 7
Uqhgmajj qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis uca jisc'a marcar purifign-2.,ucan mank'aigni, umafigni.8
Cuna sutinis uca marcajja?
Achacach satawa.9
Uca marcan eant'ajj utjiti? Nayajj alas in munta.
nsa, utjiwa.
Jumarojj mank'at awtjtamti?
,aniw autjquituti, jumarusti?
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LESSON XVI - Dialogue
T 4
M:
.,Itiarojj.awtjdtuT7a.
. 10UghUmajj aca chawilanp ch'unurup mank aan 4a t
Iyaw tata,yuspagar tata.11
NOTES
1 Ma kollu patan 'on a mountain': pats 'over plus -n location marker.
2 2hunu kollu jac'ar.ctanwa 'Tie are near the snow-covered mountain.'
jaeancala 'to be near'; jac'a 'near'; ghunu 'snow'
3 Infinitive ponchosia 'to put on a poncho;' -si- reflexive particle.
4 janiw thaviquitaniti 'I won't be colef; thaqiatafia.
On the verbal infix -ta-. Cf. Grammar, Lesson XV. The -ni-indicates future tense. Cf. Grammar, Lesson XX for furthercharacterization.
5 sumaraquisr'is it also good?' sums- verbal root (with vowel length)
-raqui- 'also' -sa interrogative marker; vowel length is carried overto the last vowel.
6 . laka 'fast, rapid(ly)'; sawurapitu: -rapi7 indicates action 'in favor
7 antisasa 'rather'of, for': e.g. iiatlarana 'to open'j
iist'ararapifia 'to open (for8 ucan 'there'; -n location marker. someoLe)n.
9 Cuna sutinis? 'What is its name?' Suti 'name', -ni- possessive marker.
Achacach satawa. 'It is called Achacachi.'(The derivation of sata-is unclear.)
10 chtlevu'dried potatoes'
11 Ivaw 'very well, o.k.'
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LESSON XVII - Tunca pakalikonir lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
ajjsaratia
apanifia[ + ru]
apauia ru]
jachafia
juc'a
maqhatatia [ +ru]
masarmanthi, wasarmanthi
masayp'u, wasayp'u
masUru, wastiru
nayrarmanthi
nayrayp'u
nayrliru
pasir marapasir phajjsipasir semana ( simana)
qhunu
qhunulkojau
uru
temer
traer
llevar
ilorar
poco
escalar, subir
ayer por la mafiana
ayer por la tarde
ayer
170
to fear
to bring
to carry
to cry
few
to ascend
yesterday morning
yesterday in the
yesterday
anteayer por la mafiana the day before yester-day in the morning
the day before yester-day in the afternoon
the day before yester-day
anteayer por la tarde
dia anterior
aria pasadomes pasadosemana pasada
nieve
montefia eon nieve
dia
Grammar - Suma parlaiIataqui
last yearlast monthlast week
snow
snow-covered mountain
day
I. Summary of adverbs of time.
masliru, wasliru 'yesterday' (uru 'day';the long vowel is due to 'ontraction
of two short vowels). The root of wastiru also appears in wasitata'avin'
masayp'u, wasayp'u 'yesterday afternoon'
payrilru, waltiru (nayra 'early, first') 't'he day before yesterday; theother day.'
nayrarmanthi 'yesterday morning'
Imssulla 'yesterday afternoon'
jichhits 'today' Cichha 'now')
khartiru 'tomorrow'
arumanthi 'tomorrow morning'
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171
LESSON XVII - Grammar
kharayp'u 'tomorrow afternoon'
pasir semana 'last week' (Spanish mar 'to pass')
jutir semana 'next week' (tagl 'to come')
jutir mara 'next year'
II. When a punctual verb is used with an adverb of time past, the verb has the
meaning of completed action in the past.
e.g. NayrUroij nava:1j tiojjan ovejap awatta. 'The other day I pasturedmy uncle's sheep.
11q.adi114111ELJIDIt1P allatta. pasture /pastured my uncle'ssheep.'
III. -ni- suffix with verbs indicates 'movement into' and is inserted before
the infinitive ending.
apafia 'carry' / apanifia 'carry to 'bring;
purifia 'arrive' / purinifia 'arrive (up),, (there)'
Ahitafia 'send' / ohitanifia 'send up (to there, to that point)'
alarm 'buy' / alaniia 'go and buy' (movement along with the act of buying)
Questions and Answers - '.,Tist'afianacampi iyaw sai1anacampiOpen Questions -
M. Tata, cuns masUrojj lurtajja?
E. Vac kollun awatta.
M: Cuns jiwasanacajj masUrojj lurapjjtan?
E. Chawll catupjjtan.
M. Cuns.Juanamp Pedrompejj pasir semanajj mank'apjje?
E. Jupanacajj t'ant'amp quesomp mank'apjje.
H. Cawcs masgrmanthejj Lucasajj sari?
E. Jupajj qhaya jach'a khath sari.
M. Cawcs pasir martesajj nanacajj sarapjjta?
E. Chuquiag sarapjjtajja.
M. Nayarmanthejj jumanacajj cuns tata Pedron phuchapampejjlurapjjtajja?
E. Isinac ch'ucupjjta.
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172
LESSON XVII - Open Questions
M. Tata, awichamajj masUrojj aych mank'eti?
E. JYsa manklewa.
M. Jisc'a imilla, jilamajj nayrarmanthejj pelot anatiti?
E. JTsa, anatiwa.
M. Tata Ignacio, masayp'ojj jumajj khath sartati?
E. JY.sa, sartwa.
M. Wastirojj jumanacajj jilaman utapan thokOpjjtati?
E. nsa, thokopjjtwa.
IL Wasarmanthejj nayamp jumanacampejj walja mank' mank'apjjtanti?
E. JYsa, mank'apjjtanwa.
M. Pedrojj masUrojj walja ovejanac qhariti?
E. JYsa, qhariwa.
II. Positive - Chekanaca
M. Jumajj masUrojjyap lurtati?
E. Jisa, nayajj masUrojj yap lurtuwa..,
M. Nayrarojj jumajj ch'ok altati?
E. JYsa, nayrUrojj nayajj ch'ok altuma.
N. NayrUrojj jupanacajj pelot anatapjjeti?
E. JYsa, nayrUrojj jupanacajj pelot anatapjjewa.
M. MasUrojj jiwasanacajj cartanac kellkapjjtanti?
E. JYsa, jiwasanacajj cartanac kellkapjjtanwa.
Masayp'ojj jupajj suma arunac parliti?
E. JYsa, jupajj masayp'ojj suma arunac parliwa.
M. Tata Timoteo/Wiffnaiihuchapampi thokoti?
E. JYs, mama, tata TimotetlitYPe2aA phuchapampi thokowa.
M. Elenampi Rositampejj/Rniai°41rapjjeti?
E. JYs, tata, Elenap Rositampeblailai sarapjjewa.
M. Pasir semana Voluntaria wawamar kolliti?
E. JYsa, pasir semana Voluntaria wawajjar kolliwa.
M. MasUrojj jumanajj pankaranac khech'aptati?
E. JTs, cullaca, nanacajrarallanac khech'apkuwa.
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aATaTsoa saamsuv pue suoTasanb IIAX HOSSTI
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e3fpullondeA rude geszr
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Lemeqbem TIox nunqb aTuef ffemq fCasCCeqd aTsca g
IIAX NOSSTI
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iir
LESSON 'Wiz - Dialogue
J: Tatajjamp, namajjamp, jilajamp nayampla7 lurapjjta.Jilamajj walja kollkeniti?1
T: nsa, walja kollkeniwa. Masgrmanthiw jupajj Achacach marcan =ajach'a liq'i vac alji, uca kollkempejj calamin alani, jumasticawcs jichhajj sargtajja?
J: Jichhajj tatajian estanciap cbawll apH.
T: Uca estancianquir jakenacajj wal chawil munapjje.2
Pas it marajjchachajjajj wal chawil catu, jichhajj jenir catquiti.
J: Nayan chachajjamp yokajjampejj wal chawil jichha marajj catupjje.
T: Chachamamp yokamampejj k'apha jakenacasg.3
J: JYs mama, juman chachamasti, jichhajj cons lurasqui?
T: Jupajj and yap qhaya wila kollun lurasqui, arumanthejj Chuquiagovej aych aljiriw apani.
J: Ovej aychajj liq'iti?
T: Jisa, masUruw qharipjjta, uali jach'awa, liq'iraquiwa.4
J: Ay chhuy,5 uqhgmajj mama visitawaysmawa, arumanthiw wasitat jutH,jichhajj sarjjg6mama, wank' phayataj j awa.
T: Waliquiw mama, saraquimay.
NOTES
1 kollkenina 'to have money': kollke 'money;' -ni- possessionmarker added to a noun.
2 Es222EanciAlasain 'from that community' (Lit., 'Those who are inthat community')
-nquirn location markergui relative marker (Cf. Grammar, Lesson IV)
r(i) 'people who are' (Cf. notes on -ri, pp. 83, 102)
3 'Are your husband and son active men?' Vowel length converts thenoun into a verb form.
4 lig!iraquiiia 'are also fat.'
-raqui- 'also'
5 'you don't say'
6 sariik 'I'll be going.' Future tense verb plus 7117 infix.
Rudimentos ascribes to -ii- the meaning of 'back (e.g. to myhouse, etc.)'
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6.TanT unD also gTicetid uTu gTsfpul4 sT gpind 4n gT4Bme
raAO 'Taut dy4 Tem CTudnr eumutidusx Tim gruffeno4 ueittem
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itTu fpemu4o7, :a T4Tnbunm
1:yanT cpansum 4uno mTuef cpednc 'emB.144 Tvm cpeccmm :3
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v1T4Tubsumme 04sumulloA -T4mTsTnbeTT
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anUTEla - IIAK NOSS31
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177
LESSON XVII - Dialogue
C: Yokamajj wall suma waynas trte.
P: Ay tata Carlos yokamarojj suma jakU,- yatichaaamawa.10
Yaplurayam, ut picheyam, is t'ajjsiyam,..-nin phayayam, uywanacarmank' churayam. 11
C: Waliquiw tata, ughSmajj nayajj yokajjarojj yatichSwa.
P: Jichhajj nib,* horaajjewa,12
nayajj sarawayjg, jutir semanawwasitat visitasir juts, ucqhaw juc'amp parlasiani. Sarawayjjg,
tata.
C: Waliquiw tata, jiquisibcam tata.
NOTES
1 'How are you?' camisabcaa
camiasctsa camisgsctansa camisasipctansa
csmisgsipctsa
camislisctasa camisgsipctasa
camisSsquisa camisgsingla
According to Rudimentos, the difference between cemisSsetasa and
camisagui is stylistic: the former is more "polite" and the latter
is more "perfunctory."
A similar relationship may exist between the verb wallimissatt
'to be fine, well' and the adverb waliaui:
waliguYsctwa waliquYsctanwa waliquMsipctanwa
waliqu'Isipetawa
m22.410271. yallgesipquiwa
Egiaqi is said to connote 'temporary quality.'
2 Cunatarac?'why?': Lit. 'for what?'
3 Cunarus? 'For what?'
4 CamScharaquy.Sajja? 'What am I to do?' Infinitive camSchera 'To dosomething.'
camSchaila 'to do something.'
-raqui- 'then'. Adds a note of familiarity: e.g. camisquiraui
'What's new?' (In other contexts, -Imuk means 'also')
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178
LESSON XVII - Dialogue - Notes
4 (continued)
c'achhata 'slowly'
kollasiiia 'to cure oneself', kollafia 'to cure'; kolla 'medicine'
jan llaquisimti 'don't worry, be upset.' llaguisifia 'to be troubled'
The negative imperative is formed by adding the suffix -m to the
verb stem; -ti marks the negative. Janiw is contracted to jag..
5 Jayrasi 'he i3 lazy.' Infinitive isyrasifia
6 niya 'already, now'
7 janiw nayamiix2p luransa, uyw awatinsanapquituti. "He doesn't
even help me to work the field or to pasture the animals.'
The particle -sa means 'even, or'. When attached to an infinitive, the
final vowel cf the latter.is elided. Sa joins two components
(like -Bpi) and is attached to each; it differs from -mai in that
it emphasizes the separateness of the two components.
8 lurLzzlala 'to have work'; causative particle -1g7 is inserted
before the infinitive ending. Cf. Grammar, Lesson XIX.
9 nintEALaria 'to cook' flcir- nine 'fire' and nhayafia 'to cook'
10 lflgIl 'to be a person, man': fake 'man' + vowel lengthening (to form
a verb stem) + infinitive ending.
11 luravam imperative 'have (him) work'.
12 horasajjewa 'It's already time.' -Vlje(wa) 'already'. Nita is often
used in-this construction.
e.g. (niy) arumajjewa 'It is already night time.'
(nix) mddima 'It is already day time.'
(N.B. It is not clear whether long vowels U and Y must become
8, B in the presence of postvelar ii)
ali
/WO
kii
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1.79
LESSON xv!'l Tunca quimsakallkonir lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
adobe adobe adobe
arado (aratu) arado a plow
auto(awtu) auto car
botella (putilla)' botella bottle
ch'anqha caito woolen thread
cuaderno (cutirnu) cuaderno notebook
hpbas (jawasa) babas beans
jarisiiik lavarse tc wash (=ascii')jichhu paja para techo straw for roofskala piedra stone
khollina arar to plow
lamana bafiador large bowl
lampa pala a metal shovel
lapiza lgpiz pencil
leeta (liyina) leer to read
ilelee barro mud
papela (papila) papal paper
phuqhu olla pot
pico (Picu) picota pick (inst. used infarming)
uchafia poner to put
waculla cgntaro large narrow - mouthed
pitcher
wajcha (wawanaca) hugrfana, hugrfana orphan
wayucha jarra, chata pitcher
Grammar - Suma parlanataqui
I. -taoui- can be attached to interrogative pronouns, nouns and
infinitives to indicate purpose. With interrogative pronouns, the
interrogative suffix -sa is added; with nouns, pronouns and verbs in
declarative sentences, -wa is added and in interrogative sentences,-ti.
Negative constructions are formed with jam?.,
(a) Interrogative pronouns with -tAlaisa:
Alititaquis acsila? 'Who is this for?'
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180
LESSON XVIII - Grammar
CunataquisucluankaraiielWhat is that flower (are those flowers)
Uca for?'
(b) Nouns and pronouns with -taquiti /
Uca librojj mamataquiti? 'Is that book for the senora?'
Uca_pankarajj lulujjataquiwa. 'That flower is (those flowers are)for my little girl.'
Uca ch'ivgr vacajj nayataquiwa. 'That black cow is for me.'
(c), Infinitives with -taquiwa:
Aca adob luranata uiwa. 'This mud is fo
JazachartnAcataanifiatauiwa. 'This pitcher
Aca papelamp lapizampealeeLyatekatalaguiti?
pencil for learning how to read?'
r making adobes,'
is for bringing water:
'Is this paper and
(d) Negative constructions: lark comes before the verbal clause:
AcaL:ak'ejj jan adob luranataqui. 'This mud is not for makingadobes.'
II. The suffix -na-which indicates possession (Lesson II) is synonymous with
the -na-which marks location (cf. Lesson IV). The resulting ambiguity is
usually resolved by context:
e.g. Aca melotaji.Josean yokallapanquiwa. 'This ball is Jose'sdaughter's'
Aca pelotajj Josean utapanquiwa. 'This ball is in JoWs house.
'This ball belongs to Jose's house.'
into a verb phraseTo convert a noun phrase ending in the suffix -111-4 the verbalizer g is
attached to the -n-. With interrogative pronouns, the suffix -sa is
added to the verb ending; in dedlarative sentences, -wa is attached to
the verb ending; in interrogative sentences without an interrogative
pronoun, the particle is added:
e.g. ghitinquis aca utaija?
Aca utajj qhitinauisa?
jcLl'ilaluta..PecirotjxcapgAca.ataanuiwa. 'This large house is
Pedro's son's.'
()halm habas vapojj tatamanquiwa. 'That bean field over there is
your father's.'
Qhaya babas yapojj tatamanquiti? 'Is that bean- field over there
your father's?'
'Whose (lit. of whom) house is this?'
'=
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LESSON XVIII
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscujia
M. Aca pankarajj mamajjataquiwa.
E. Aca pankarajj mamajjataquiwa.
M. juman
E. Aca pankarajj juman mamamataquiwa.
M. jupan
E. Aca pankarajj jupan mamapataquiwa.
yokapataquiwa
E. Aca pankarajj jupan yokapatqquiwa.
M. uca wacullajj
E. Uca wacullajj jupan yokapataquiwa.
M. jiwasan
E. Uca wacullajj jiwasan yokasataqUiwa..
1
M. juman
E. Uca wacullajj juman yokamataquiwa.
M. allchhimataquiwa
E. Uca wacuilajj juman allchhimataquiwa.
M. qhaya lamanajj
E. Qhaya lamanajj juman allchhimataquiwa.
M. jiwasanacan
E. Qhaya lamanajj jiwasanacan allchhinacasataquiwa.
M. jumanacan
E. Qhaya lamanajj jumanacan allchhinacamataquiwa.
M. wawanacamataquiwa
E. Qhaya lamanajj jumanacan wawanacapataquiwa.
M. qhuri kokajj
E. Qhuri kokajj jumanacan wawanacamataquiwa,
M. jupanacan
E. Qhuri kokajj jupanacan wawanacapataquiwa.
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182
LESSON XVIII - Substitution Drill
M. Uca machak utajj nayan tiojjan yokapataquiwa.
E. Uca machak utajj nayan tiojjan yokapataquiwa.
M. jiwasan
E. Uca machak utajj jiwasan tiosan yokapataquiwa.
M. juman
E. Uca machak utajj juman tioman yokapataquiwa.
M. jupan amigopan cullacapataquiwa
E. Uca machak utajj jupan amigapan cullacapataquiwa.
M. qhaya liq'i kawrajj
E. Qhaya liq'i kawrajj jupan amigopan cullacapataquiwa.
M. jumanacan
E. Qhaya liq'i kawrajj jumanacan amigoman cullacapataquiwa.
M. Josean jilapan warmipataquiwa
E. Qhaya liq'i kawrajj Josean jilapan warmipataquiwa;
M. qhuri jach'a lamanajj
E. Qhuri jach'a lamanajj Josean jilapan warmipataquiwa.
M. jiwasan
E. Qhuri jach'a lamanajj jiwasan jilasan warmipataquiwa.
M. juman
E. Qhuri jach'a lamanajj juman jilaman warmipataquiwa.
M. nayan jilajjan wawanacapataquiwa
E. Qhuri jach'a lamanajj nayan jilajjan wawanacapataquiwa.
M. qhuri adobenacajj
E. Qhuri adobenacajj nayan jilajjan wawanacapataquiwa.
M. jupanacan 4".
E. Qhuri adobenacajj jupanacan jilapan wawanacapataquiwa.
M. aca wacullanacajj
E. Aca wacullanacajj jupanacan jilapan wawanacapataquiwa.
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LESSON XVIII - Substitution Drill
N. Aca jach'a calamin utajj Pablonquiwa.
E. Aca jach'a calamin utajj Pablonquiwa.
M. Rositan phuchapanquiwa
E. Aca jach'a calamin utajj Rositan phuchapano,uiva.
M. aca, jlsc'a wayuchajj
E. Aca jise4iwayuchajj Rositan phuchapanquiwa.
M. juman
E. Aca jisc'a wayuchajj juman phuchapanquiwa.
M. jiwasan
E. Aca jisc'a wayuchajj jiwasan phuchapanquiwa.
M. uca ch'oke yapojj
E. Uca ch'oke yapojj jiwasan phuchasanquiwa.
N. nanacan allchhinacajjanquiwa
E. Uca ch'oke yapojj nanacan allchhinacajjanquiwa.
M. jumanacan
E. Uca ch'oke yapojj jumanacan allchhinacamanquiva.
M. qhaya kalanacajj
183
E. Qhaya kalanacajj jumanacan allchhinacamanquiwa.
M. jiwasanacan
E. Qhaya kalanacajj jiwasanacan allchbinacasanquiwa.
M. Joseampin Mariampin
E. Qhaya kalanacajj Joseampin Mariampin allchhinacapanquiwa.
M. qhuri iteklemp jichhumpejj
E. Qhuri 5ek'emp jichhumpejj Joseampin Mariampin allchhinacapanquiwa.
M. nayan
E. Qhuri fiek'emp jichhumpejj nayan allchhinacajjanquiwa.
M. juman yokaman warmipanquiwa
E. Qhuri fieleemp jichhumpejj juman yokaman warmipanquiwa.
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LESSON XVIII - Substitution Drill
M. Aca fieleejj Pedron utapatac adobenac lurafiataquiwa.
E. Aca ilektejj Pedron utapatac adobenac luraaataquiwa.
N. juman
E. Aca fieleejj juman utamatac adobenac lureataquiwa.
M. jiwasan
E. Aca fiektejj jiwasan utasatac adobenac lurafiataquiwa,
N. uca jichhojj
E. Uca jichhojj jiwasan utasatac adobenac luraTataquiwa.
M. anusatac ut utachafiataquiwa
E. Uca jichhojj jiwasan anusatac ut utachaiataquiwa.
M. nanacan
E. Uca jichhojj nanacan anojjatac ut utacha,.ataquiwa.
M. jiwasanacan
E. Uca :jichhojj jiwasanacan anusatac ut utacheataquiwa.
M. qhaya adobenacajj
E. Qhaya adobenacajj jiwasanacan anusatac ut utachai'ataquiwa.
M. tata Davidan
E. Qhaya adobenacajj tata Davidan anupatac ut utachafiataquiwa.
M. jumanacan uywa uyumataquiwa
E. Qhaya adobenacajj jumanacan uywa uyumataquiwa.
M. qhuri jach'a kalanacajj
E. Qhuri jach'a kalanacajj jumanacan uywa uyumataquiwa.
M. jumampin nayampin
E. Qhuri jach'a kalancajj jumampin nayampin uywa uyusataquiwa.t..1
M. Joseampin Andresampin
184
E. Qhuri jach'a kalanacajj Joseampin And.cesampin uywa uyupataquiwa.
M. waynanacan escuelap utachafiataquiwa
E. Qhuri jach'a kalanacajj waynanacan escuelap utachafiataquiwa.
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185
LESSON XVIII
Questions and Answers - sJisat'aianacampi iyaw
1. N. Qhitinquis aca jach'a machak utajja?
E. Aca jacl'a machak utajj cullacajjanquiwa.
Cunataquis uca ch'anqhajja7
E. Uca ch'anqhajja escuelar apalataquiwa.
N. Qhitinquis qhaya jisc'a yokaliajja?
E. Qhaya jisea yokallajj jilajjanquiwa.
M. Qhitinquis qhaya machak autojja?
E. Qhaya machak autojj Wanda tawakoiiquiwa.
Cunataquis uca pankaranacajja?
E. Uca pankaranacajj mRmajjataquiwa.
M. Qhititaquis ilhaya liq'i vacajja?
E. Qhaya liq'i vacaij Francisc tawaIxtaquiwa.
M. Qhititaquis aca jach'a librojja?
E. Jilajjataquiwa.
M. Qhititaquis aca suma machak wila ponchojja?
E. JilMr yokajjataquiwa.
M. Qhititaquis uca jank'o jach'a utajja?
E. Mamamataquiwa.
M. Qhaya phuju jac'ancquis uca vacajj qhititaouisa?
E. Tiojjataquiwa.
M. Cunataquis uca jichhump nek'empejja:
E. Adobenac luranataquiwa.
Cunataquis uca lapizamp librompejja?
E. Lee: yatekatataquiwa.
Qhaya adobenacamp kalanacampejj cunataquisa?
E. litachafiataquiwa.
M. Tata, qhuri wayuchanacajj cunataquisa?
E. Uma apanifiataquiwa.
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186
LESSON XVIII - Questions and Answers
M. Mama Carlota, aca yapunacajj cunataquisa?
E. Ch'ok japuchafiataquiwa.
M. Qhitinquis aca asnonacamp vacanacampejja?
E. Tata Andresan yokapanquiwa.
N. Qhitinquis uca chlojjila kokanacajja?
E. Tata Joseanquiwa.
M. Qhaya jach'a ch'oke yapojj quitinquisa?
E. Nayanquiwa.
M. Qhaya jach'a tans tawakojj qhitinquisa?
E. Nayanquiwa.
II. Positive - Chekanaca
M. Uca librojj mamamataquiti?
E. JYsa, uca librojj mamajjataquiwa.
M. Qhuri tiendajj amigoman warmipataquiti?
E. JYsa, qhuri tiendajj amigojjan warmipataquiwa.
Ni. Qhuri kalanacajj utacha. ataquiti?
E. JYsa, qhuri kalanacajj utachafiataquiwa.
M. Qhaya jach'a kokajj amigoman yokapanquiti?
E. JYsa, qhaya jach'a kokajj amigojjan yokapanquiwa.
M. Uca lampamp uca picompejj thac lurafiataquiti?
E. Jisa, uca lampamp uca picompejj thac lurafiataquiwa.
M. Qhaya botellajj allchhimataquiti?
E. JYsa, botellajj allchhijjataquiwa.
M. Aca aradojj khollifiataquiti?
E. JYsa, aradojj khollifiataquiwa.
M. Uca wacullajj um uchafiataquiti?
E. J7sa, wacullajj um uchanataquiwa.
M. Qhaya lamanajj jarisifiataquiti?
E. JYsa, qhaya lamanajj jarisifiataquiwa.
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187,
LESSON XVIII - Questions end Answers
Ift. Negative - Jan chekanaca
M. Qhuri phuqhojj wank' phayaiataquiti?
E. Janiwa, qhuri phuqhojj jan mank' phayefiataqvi.
M. Aca libronacamp cuadernonacampejj aymar yatekailataquiti7
E. Janiwa, aca libronacamp cuadernonacampejj jan aymar yatekaiietaqui.
Uca ch' okemp apillampejj phayasitataquiti?
E. Janiwa, ch'okemp apiliampejj jan phayasitataqui.
M. Qhaya ileklemp jichhumpejj walja adob luratataquiti?
E. Janiwa, qhaya _ektemp jichhumpajj jan walja edob lurailataqui.
X. Qhuri machak escuel utajj waycha wawanacataquiti?
E. Janiwa, machak escuel utajj an waycnn wawanacataqui.
Dialogue - Cuento
PATRICIONP PA3CUALA11PEJJ VACA KHATUN. CA:P..TJEWA
Patricio:
Pascuala:
Patricio:
Pascuala:
Pat:
Pas:
Pat:
Pas:
Pat:
Pas:
Pat:
Pas:
Pat:
Tata Pascuala, cawqar vaca alatajja9
Qhaya jach'a wila vac alaii munte, ucampis jekepajj q'tdmsaKeilhpatac warank kollk mayi.1
Qhititaquis ala, muntajja? yokamataquiti jan ucajjjumataquicha ?2
Nayataquiwa, chlok yapuchan munta,ucat alasi munta.
Aca Puerto Acostanjj janiw suma vacanacajj utjquiti, antisasAchacach khathun sum vacanacajj utji.
Uqhgmapachawa, ucampis Achacachejj wali jayawa, ucat jansaran muncti.4
Kawkha kollkempis vac alafi muntajja?5
Sojjta patac pakallk tunc warank kolikempiw alai munta.
Cunalaycutejj vacanacajj jichhajj wail carowa.6
CamUcharaquYsti? UqhUmajj jisc'a vacac alI.7
Cunamps jichhajj alafi muntajja?8
Namajjatac suma wacullamp and suma phuqhump munta.
Aca khathun jichhUrojj janiw phuqhojj aljafiatac utjquiti.
3
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188
LESSON XVIII - Dialogue
Pas: Uqhamajj and lamanac all, inas jutir semanajj phuqh alchY.9
Jumasti, qhititaquis uca pelot altajja?
Pat: Wawanacajjataquiw alta, jupanacajj wal pelot munapjje.
Pas: Walic uqhamajj tAta Patricio, nayajj laman ala,ucat sarjjafiani.
Pat: Waliquiw tata, alanimay, suylmaw tata, chicaw sarjjafiani.10
NOTES
1 maviba 'to ask for'
2 'Is it for your son or for you?' jam- cha 'or': literally 'for your
son,(&) not for yourself?'
3 Antisasa 'rather'
4 Ughamapachawa 'It ought to be so.' -pacha- 'should be.'
lava 'far, distant.'
5 'For how much money?':
6 carowa: taro (caru) 'expensive.'
7 Camlcharaqui'sti? 'So what.can I do?' camachaila + -ragui- interrogativeinfix.
vacac: c (gui) 'only'
8 Cunamps 'what else.'
9 Uhamarmanacala. 'Then I'm going to buy a washbasin.'
c (qui) 'only'
Inas alchi 'perhaps I',11 buy',. Cf. Lesson XIX.
10 saylawHr 'I'll wait for you': suvaLa 'to wait for, expect'
chicaw sarariani 'We'll go (back) together.' Chica 'together.'
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LESSON XIX - Tunca ilatuncanir lecciona
Vocabulary - ArunacL
inas (also inajja, inacha) quiz5s, tal vez
iqui4a
irpaia (ru)
jachayaiva
jichha mara
jutir mara
jutir phajjsi
jutir semana
samarafia
dormir
guiar
hacer llorar
este aao
nrOximo aio
prtiximo mes
peOxima semana
descansar
Grammar - Suma parlaiataqui,
139
perhaps
to sleep
to guide
to cause to cry
this year
next year
next month
next week
to rest
1. Verbal infix - ma- indicates causative meaning; it is inserted
before the infilnitive;:ending,t.
e.g. iachaia 'cry' / jacilaraAa 'cause to cry'
iwana . 'die' /dinyana 'kill'
sarana 'go' sarayalia 'conduct (a meeting)'
auana 'bring' / apayaria 'order someone else (to do...) '
U. Dubitative future: 'possibly, maybe I'll...' The notion of doubt
may be expressed by the infix -chi- in verb forms:
lure :alurchY lurchingni larapiichiani
luraulichY
lurchha
lurchini
lurapidshYta
1MEEELIShiAli
Analysis: lur- + (plural -per) + -chi- + personal ending.
future endings: -I.
-ita -ita-ni -ni
Dubitative forms may take the particle 711a but not -wa.
e.g. NalAdj_ inas lurch!. 'I might do it.'
klayadi inas lurchejia. 'I might do it.'
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LESSON XIX
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscu,la
M. Nayajj inas yap lurch!.
E. Nayajj inas yap lurch!.
M. jupajj
E. Juapjj inas yap lurchini.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj inas yap lurapjjchingni.
M. chawli mank'apjjchiiigni
E. Jiwasanacajj inas chawll mank'apjjchifigni.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj inas chawli mank'apjjchr.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj inas chawli mank'apjjchini.
M. yap khollipjjchini
E. Jupanacajj inas yap khollipjjchini.
jumajj
E. Jumajj inas yap khollch!'ta.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj inas yap khollchiani.
M. nana,;ajj
E. Nanacajj inas yap khollipjjchr.
M. khath sarapjjch!
E. Nanacajj inas khath sarapjjchr.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj inas khath sarchi.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj inas khath sarapjjchita.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj inas khath sarapjjchini.
190
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UPC' uoT3n4T3sqnS - XIX mossaa
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192
LESSON XIX - Substitution Drill
M. Pedrojj arumanthejj inas chawll catur kot sarchini.
E. Pedrojj arumanthejj inas chawll catur kot sarchini.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj arumanthejj inas chawll catur kot sarchlta.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj arumanthejj inas chawll catur kot sarapjjchini.
M. caballonacar mank' churapjjchini.
E. Jupanacajj arumanthejj inas caballonacar mank' churapjjchini.
M. jiwasajj jutir phajjsejj
E. Jiwasajj jutir phajjsejj inas caballonacar mank' churchinni.
M. jumanacajj
. IfE. Jumanacajj jutir phajjsejj inas caballonacar mank' churapnchita.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj jutir phajjsejj inas caballonacar mank' churapjjchifigni.
M. Pablon ch'oke yapup khech'apjjchifigni
E. Jiwasanacajj jutir phajjsejj inas Pablon ch'oke yapupkhech'apjjchifiani.
M. nanacajj jutir marajj
E. Nanacajj jutir marajj inas Pablon ch'oke yapup khech'apjjchY.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj jutir marajj inas Pablon ch'oke yapup khech'chifiani.
M. aymar yatekchifiani
E. Jiwasajj jutir marajj inas aymar yatekchiilni.
M. jumajj khartirojj
E. Jumajj khartirojj inas aymar yatekchYta.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj khartirojj inas,aymor yatekapjjchita.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj khartlrojj inas aymar yatekapjjchini.
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193
LESSON XIX - Substitution Drill
M. Jumamp nayampejj inas arumanthejj aca vacanac aljchiani.
E. Jumamp nayampejj inas arumanthejj aca vacanac aljchittgni.
M. Mariamp S'Asanampejj
E. Mariamp Susanampejj inas arumanthejj aca vacana,1 aljapjjchini.
jumamp warmimampajj
E. Jumampwarmimampejj inas arumanthejj aca vacanac aljapjjrhlta.
pelot anatait munapjjchita
E. Jumamp warmimampejj inas arumanthejj pelot anatat munapjjchYta.
N. nayamr jumanacampejj kharayptojj
E. Nayamp jumanacampejj kharayptojj inas pelot anata munapjjchiCHni.
jumajj
E. Jumajj kharayptojj inas pelot anata-71 munchl!ta.
M. Josean marcap purchna
E. Jumajj kharayp'ejj inas Josean marcap purchita.
M. nayamp cullacanacajjampejj
E. Nayamp cullacanacajjampejj inas kharayp'oji Josean marcap puripjjchY
M. nayajj jutir marajj
E. Nayajj jutir marajj inas Josean marcap purchY.
N. jumamp nayampejj
E. Jumamp nayampejj jutir marajj inas Jcsean marcan purchifiNni.
M. yap lurafi samarchiani
E. Jumamp nayampejj jutir merajj inas yap lura samarchiani.
M. nayamp jilanacajjampejj jutir phajjsejj
E. Nayamp jilanacajjampejj jutir phajjsejj inas yap luraR samarapjjch!.
M. Timoteojj
E. Timoteojj jutir phajjsejj inas yap lurafi samarchini.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj jutir phajjsejj inas yap lure samarapjjchlta.
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XIX MOSS3I
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196
LESSON XIX - Completion Drill
M. Kharayp'ojj jupanacajj janiw aymar yatekapcaniti.
E. Kharayp'ojj jupanacajj janiw aymar yatekapcaniti,inas jutir phajjsejjyatekapjjchini.
Nayajj wawajjar janiw jarcti.
E. Nayajj wawajjar janiw jarcti ,inas kharUrojj- jarchY.
1. Jumajj tatamar janiw yanapctati.
E. Jumajj tatamar janiw yanapctati ,inas jurpUrojj yanapchTta.
M. Jiwasajj tatasarojj janiw Chuquiag irpctanti.
E. Jiwasajj tatasarojj janiw Chuquiag irpctanti,inas jutir marajjirpchiAni.
M. uiclajj anuparojj janiw mank' churquiti.
E. Jupajj anuparojj janiw mank' churquititinas arumanthejj churchini.
M. Jiwasanacajj uywanacasarojj janiw awatctanti.
E. Jiwasanacajj uywanacasarojj janiw awatctanti ,inas kharUrojjawatipjjchi Mni.
M. Nanacajj wawanacajjarojj janiw jachayapcti.
E. Nanacajj wawanacajjarojj janiw jachayapcti ,inas jutir marajj jachayap-jjchT.
Jumanacajj yokallanacamarojj janiw mank' churapctati.
E. Jumanacajj yokallanacamarojj janiw mank' churapctati,inas kharayp'ojjchurapjjchYta.
T. Jupanacajj choke yapunacaparojj janiw khech'apquiti.
E. Jupanacajj ch'oke yapunacaparojj janiw khech'apquiti,inasjutirsemanajj khech'apjjchini.
Questions and Answers - Jisct'afianacampi iyaw sajianacampi
Answer with inas and the dubitative future.
e.g. M. Cuns arumanthejj jumajj lurgta?
E. Janiw yatcti, inas yap, lurchY.
M. Jiwasanacajj arumanthejj is eajjsipjjananiti?
E. Inas t'ajjsipjjchifiRni, ucampis janiw yatipctanti.
M. Tata Pedrojj arumanthejj mare saraniti?
E. Inas sarchini, janiw yatcti.
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197
LESSON XIX - Questions and Answers
Nayamp jumampejj kharErojj cuns luraEgni?
L. Inas walja mank' phaychingni.
M. Tata Carlos,nanacajj cuns lurapjjg jutir semanajja?
E. Inas Achacach aych alir sarapjjchita.
Cawcs kharErojj Joseajj jutanil
E. Inas tiopan utap jutchini.
KharErojj cuns lurapjjankni?
E. Inas ut pichapjjchifigni.
N. Jutir semanajj cuns jiwasanacajj mank'apjjanani?
E. Inas aychamp quesomp mank'apjjchirigni.
M. Lulu, mamamajj cuns kharayp'ojj ch'ucuni?
E. Inas m&1 sac ch'ucchini, janiw yatcti,
Yokalla, cullacamajj kharErojj qhaya khath saraniti?
E. Inas sarchini.
M. Mamay, tatajjajj cawcs kharErojj sarani?
E. Inas vac alir sarchini.'
T. Tatay, awichajjajj visitir jutaniti?
E. Inas jutchini.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA JOSEAMP TATA FRANCISCONPEJJ TUAQUIN JIQUISIPJJE
Jose: Tata Francisco, cawcs sarasctajja?
Francisco: Ay tata Jose,marc alasiriw saraa manta, jichhErojj khathuwutji. Pasir semanajj janiw jakenacajj waljan sarapquiti,inas jichhErojj sarapjjchini.1
J: MasErojj jumajj yap lurtati?
F:
,T:
F:
Janiw lurcti, vacanacaw yap luratiataquejj jan utjquiti, inasjutir pbajjsejj pd jach'a vacanac alchY yap luraaataqui.
Ay tata, yapunacjj niy luraamawa,'cunalaycutejj niy horasawa.
Camgcharaqugjja, vacajjay jan utjcchitejja, cuna vacampiraclurasti?2
Mayan vacanacajjajj inasquiwa, janiw masErojj lurapquiti,munasmajja, arumanthejj vacanacajjamp lurasmawa.3
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LESSON XIX - Dialogue
F:
F:
198
Ay koli tata, mayt'asitay tata. Pasir marajj janiw juyrana -
cajj nayatac utjquiti, inas jutir marajj utjchini.4.
Utjaniw tata, jumajj yap lurascaquim.
Pasir marajj jallojj janiw wal purquiti, lupiw k'al ch'okenacjjwaasu, inas jichha marajj_jallojj sum purchini.5
Ucapi, cunalaycutejj yapunac khech'a.ajj ch'amawa.6
F: JY.s tata Jose, wali ch'amawa.Kawkha choke yaps yapuchtajja?
J: Pasir mara?
F: nsa, pasir mara.
J: Kollu patarojj quimsakallk yap yapuchta, utajj jac'arustisojjta yap yapuchta. Pasir marajj jallojj janiw purquiti,inas jutir marajj purchini.
F: Ay tata, nayajj wal llaquista, kollkejj janiw utjquiti,wawanacajjajj manktatimunapjje, inas jutir marajj cusischY.
J: Ay tata Francisco, nayajj jichhajj sarg, jutir domingowwasitat
F: Waliquiw tata, jutir domingo jutg.
NOTES
1 khathu can mean both 'market' and 'fair.'
LleSAL4jj17amit,Taniw.all. 'Not many people were there.'
wal'ani : -ni suffix marks animate objects. Cf. Lesson XI.
2 utjcchitejja 'if there should be no' .Infinitive utjata
-tejja often has the meaning of 'if' (possibly composed of negative
-ti + -.lig). Cf. Lesson XXI.
-chi- indicates doubtfulness.
Cuna vacampirac lurgsti? 'Uith what cows will I work?'
3 ingsquiwa 'are useless'; ina 'in vain, useless;' inWia 'to be
unemployed, vacant' (same root as inas?)
munasmajja 'if you want'; the meaning of 'if' is again conveyed by -114.
Arumanthe vacanaca lurasmawa. 'Tomorrow you can work with mycows.'
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199
LESSON XIX - Dialogue - Notes
4 koli interjection expressing flattery, sometimes translated as
mayt'asitav 'lend (them) to me.' Iafinitive mart' aria /
'to lend, give credit' (Cf. root in mavi;ia 'ask for').
juyra 'food staples' (not meat)
5 k'ala 'all; completely'
wansuna 'to dry (up, out)'
6 ch'ama 'difficult'
7 llaquisi a to suffer, grieve'
cusisifia 'to be happy, glad, rejoice'
8 parlana 'to talk' (Cf Spanish zar. 'to chatter')
A derwed verb parlasifia 'to converse' also exists.
Dialogue - Cuento
MA VOLUNTARIOMP TATA JACINTOMPIW JIQUISIPJJE
Voluntario: Buenas tardes,tata Jacinto, camisaqui?
Jacinto: Buenas tardes tata, walic tata.
V: Tata Jacinto, jichhUrojj warmimajj c' awn aljir khath apaniti.?
J: Janiw apcaniti, inas jutir domingojj apchini.
V: Ay tata, nayajj wal c' awn manta' an munta, ucat c' awn
alasili munta.
J: Ay ampi, jichhUrojj Huarin khathun c'awnajj waliw utjani,
ucat alasYta..1
V: Janiw khath sarat muncti, inas arumanthejj sarchi.
J: JichhHjj jumajj janit cawcs sarcHtajja?2
V: Janiw tata, mg juc' p'ekew usutu, ucat rayajj jan cues lura'muncti, inas arumanthejj tata Pedror ut utachafi yanapchY.3
J: Uqhgmajj jichhajj samarHtati?4
V: JYs tata, samarRwa.
J: Nayajj samarafi muntwa, ucampis ch'ok yapuchafiajjawa.
V: Ay tata, karYtaw tata.5
J:
V:
Janiw tata, janiw karciti.
Niy jayp'Ujjew tata, sarawayijM, arumanthejj inas wasitatvisitir jutchM.
Waliquiw tata, saraquimay tata, jutHtaw tata.7
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200
LESSON XIX - Dialogue
NOTES
1 ay ampi 'oh'
2 'You're not going anywhere now?'
3 'My head hurts a little.'
After ucat, the negative frequently occurs without -wa.
4 samarafia 'to rest'
5 karifia 'to become tired' Cf.11Ariaila, Lesson XV.
6 jayp'Bjjew 'It's already late.' Cf. notes to Dialogue, Lesson XVII.
7 jutataw '(you) come (again).' Future used as an imperative.
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Vocabulary -
alaya
aynacha
jarekaila
jurpayptu
parlatia
qhitafia
sarakaft (ru)
tucuna
LESSON XX - pa tun
Arunaca
uir lecciona
arriba
abajo
lavar
pasado ma-'ana
hablar
enviar a alguien
bajar
terminar
Grammar - SLETLparlaataoui
I. Future dubitative necessitative:
saraiiajjachini
sarafiamachini
sarahapachini
up
down
to wash
the day after tomorrowin the afternoon
talk
to send to someone
to go down
to finish
'Perhaps I'll have to...'
sarafia
saranasHchini
Analysis: Infinitive + (plural infix)
N.B. -chi- doubt mi marks future ten
Neither the -its nor the -ma suffix is
sar4-1
sarapj j anai j Hchini
sarapj j anaachini
sarapi i afiapHchini
infinitive ending +/ pronominal suffix
se.
attached to the verb. Interrog-
ative sentences do not seem to require -IL.
Subject takes -E7 infix:
e.g. Nayanjj jutir marajj inas aymar yatekailaijachini. 'Next year I
may have to study Aymara.'
lacanurtiroinaslaTranachari-ea-gehiniNal. 'The day
after tomorrow we may have to slaughter (lit. behead) some
llamas.'
Jutir phajjsejj nayanjj inas cullacajjar Chuouiakirpanajjachini.
[N.B. Th:e:::::17ewirculal::::: MaavyebteomtoatImt:dd::ghttheerS::::az.'
model: El rtiximo mes uizd's vo ten a ue ilevar a mi hermana
a La Paz.]
III. Future necessitative: 'I will have to...' sarameanitwa 'You will have
to go.' jutapjjahajjgniti I have to come?'
Analysis: Infinitive stem + (plural infix) + infinitive ending +
pronominal%suffix.:v. + -ani- + -wa / -ti.Hosted for free on livelingua.com
202
LESSON XX
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuila
M. Nayanjj inas isinac t'ajjsEtajjgchini.
E. Nayanjj inas isinac t'ajjsifiajjachini.
M. jupanjj
E. Jupanjj inas isinac eajjsiTapachini.
jiwasanjj
E. Jiwasanjj inas isinac t'ajjsijasNchini.
M. cart kellkanasgchini
E. Jiwasanjj inas cart kellkailasNchini.
M. nanacanjj
E. Nanacanjj inas cart kellkapjjafiajjachini
M. jumanjj
E. Jumanjj inas cart kellkafiamachini.
M. jupanccanjj
E. Jupanacanjj inas cart kellkapjjaapachini.
M. kollkenac jaqhupjjaBapachini
E. Jupanacanj j inas kollkenac jaqhupjjaiiapachini.
M. nayanjj
E. Nayanjj inas kollkenac jaqhul.ajjachini.
M. jiwasanjj
E. Jiwasanjj inas kollkenac jaqhuaasachini.
M. jiwasanacanjj
E. Jiwasanacanjj inas kollkenac jaqhupjjafiasachini.
M. yap luraa tucupjjar,asachini
E. Jiwasanacanjj inas yap luraii tucupjjanasachini.
M. nanacanjj
E. Nanacanjj inas yap lure tucupjjeajjachini.
M. nayanjj
E. Nayanjj inas yap lurail tucui'iajj'Achini
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203
LESSON XX - Substitution Drill
N. Pablonjj inas cart kellka'apgchini.
E. Pablonjj inas cart kellkatiapachini.
nayanjj
E. Nayanjj inas cart kellka,ajjgchini.
M. jupanacanjj
E. Jupanacanjj inas cart kellkapjja-apUchini.
lluch' lurapjjaiapgchini
E. Jupanacanjj inas lluch lurapjjal.:apilchini.
M. jumanjj
E. Jumanjj inas lluch' lura-amgchini.
M. jiwasanacanjj
E. Jiwasanacanjj inas lluch' lurapjjeasgchini.
jumanacanjj
E. Jumanacanjj inas lluch lurapjjelam&chini.
M. tata Andres quitapjjaaamgchini
E. Jumanacanjj inas tata Andres quitapjjeamgchini.
M. nanacanjj
E. Nanacanjj inas tata Andres quitapjjallajjgchini.
M. jupanjj
E. Jupanjj inas tata Andres qhitarapgchini.
M. jiwasanacanjj
E. Jiwasanacanjj inas tata Andres qhitapjjalasUchini.
M. anatapjja:asachini
E. Jiwasanacanjj inas anatapjjanasgchini.
jiwasanjj
E. Jiwasanjj inas anata,aagchini.
jumanacanjj
E. Jumanacanjj inas anatapjjahamgchini.
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204
LESSON XX - Substitution Drill
M. Arumanthejj nayanjj inas wanc'unacar sum uj.jaaajjgchini.
E. Arumanthejj nayanjj inas wanc'unacar sum uajaaajjlchini.
M. jupanjj
E. Arumanthejj jupanjj inas wanc'unacar sum ufijegaphchini.
M. jiwasanjj
E. Arumanthejj jiwasanjj inas wanc'unacar sum ufijafiashchini.
U. qhaya aynach estancia saraF'asHchini
E. Arumanthejj jiwasanjj inas qhaya aynach estancia sarelashchini.
M. jumanacanjj
E. Jumanacanjj arumanthejj inas qhaya aynach estancia sarajjCamhchini.
IL nanacanjj jurpayp'ojj
E. Nanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas qhaya aynach estancia sarajja,ajjgchini.
N. qhaya alay estancia jutapjjai,ajj'Achini
E. Nanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas qhaya alay estancia jutapjjaajjgchini.
t. jiwasanacanjj
E. Jiwasanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas qhaya alay estanciajutapjjafiasachini.
M. nayanjj
E. Nayanjj jurpayp'ojj inas qhaya alay estancia jutabajjgchini.
T. walja mank'anac phayanajjUchini
E. Nayanjj jurpayp'ojj inas walja mank'anac phayahajjkchini.
M. jupanacanjj
E. Jupanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas walja mank'anac phayapjjeapichini.
H. nanacanjj jutir phajjsejj
E. Nanacanjj jutir phajjsejj inas walja mank'anac phayapjjafiajjhchini.
N. jumanjj
E. Jumanjj jutir phajjsejj inas walja mank'anac phayafiamUchini.
M. jiwasanjj
E. Jiwasanjj jutir phajjsejj inas walja mank'anac phayacasichini.
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205
LESSON XX - Substitution Drill
M. Jumanjj jutir martesajj inas ch'oke yapump ceboll yapumpkhech'afiamgchini.
E. Jumanjj jutir martesajj inas choke yapump ceboll yapumpkhech'afiamgchini.
M. jumanacanjj
E. Jumanacanjj jutir martesajj inas chtoke yapump ceboll yapumpkhech'apjjafiamgchini.
M. nayanjj
E. Nayanjj jutir martesajj inas ch'oke yapump ceboll yapumpkhech'afiajjAbhini.
M. wayuchamp wacullamp jarifiaj j gchini
E. Nayanjj jutir martesajj inas wayuchamp wacullamp jarifiajjgchini*.-
M. jumanjj jurpayp'ojj
E. Jumanjj jurpayp'ojj inas wayuchamp wacullamp jarifiamgchini.
M. jiwasanjj
E. Jiwasanjj jurpayp'ojj inas wayuchamp wacullamp jarifiasgchini.
N. lamanamp phuqhump alasifiasgchini
E. Jiwasanjj jurpayp'ojj inas!lamanamp phuqhump alasifiasgchini.
M. nanacanjj
E. Nanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas lamanamp phuqhump alnsipjjafiajjUchini.'
M. jumanacanjj jutir marajj
E. Jumanacanjj jutir marajj in lamanamp phuqhump alasipjjafiamfichini.
M. Enriquenjj
E. Enriquenjj jutir marajj inas lamanamp phuqhump alasifiapgchini.
iquii,anacamp ponchonacamp sawufiapachini
E. Enriquenjj jutir marajj inas iquifianacamp ponchonacampsawunapachini.
M. jumanjj kharerojj
E. Jumanjj khartirojj inas iquiianacamp ponchonacamp sawunamichini.
M. j upanacanj j
E. Jupanacanjj kharerojj inas iquifianacamp ponchonacamp sawupjjafiapgchini.
M. nayanjj
E. Nayanjj kharlirojj inas iquinanacamp ponchonacamp sawufiajfichini.Hosted for free on livelingua.com
LESSON XX
Completion Drill - Arunac phokachafia
Nayanjj arumanthejj inas yap lurad(tucuta)
Jumanjj arumanthejj inas isinac t'ajjsit.(tucuga)
Jupanjj kharUrojj inas cartanac krAlkafi(tucufia)
Jiwasanjj kharUrojj inas merk'e isinac ch'ucufi .
(tucufia)
Jiwasanacanjj jutir marajj inas wanc'unac sum(ufijafia)
Nanacanjj jutir marajj inas wallpanac sum(ufijana)
Jumanacanjj kharayp'ojj inas walja aychanac
Jupanacanjj kharayp'ojj inas qhaya alay(mank'ata)
estancia . (sarafial
206
tucufiajjachini
. tucuriamachini
Jutir marajj nayanjj inas qhaya alay khath(sara6a)
Jutir marajj jumanjj inas qhaya kollu pat(mistua)
AruaTathejj jupanjj inas lluch' lure.(tucufia)
Jutir semanajj jiwasanjj inas qhuri aynach
tiend (sarafia)
Arumanthejj
sum
Kharayp'ojj
Kharayp'ojj
Kharayp'ojj
jiwasanacanjj inas wawanacasar
.(ufijafia)
nanacanjj inas jan wali arunac(parlailia)
jumanacanjj inas pouch sawufi(yatekafia)
j upanacanj j inas walj a iquifianac
(apanifia)
Nayanjj jutir juevesajj
Jumanjj jutir martesajj
YaPumP
inas mamajjar uljir(sarafia)
inas ch'oke yapump ceboll
.(khech'aja)
tucutapgichini
tucamachini
unjapjjahasachini
ufijapjjafiajjgchini
mank'apjjafiamgchini
sarapjjamachini
saranaj j gchini
mistunamgchini
tucuyampachini
sarafiaachini
ufijafiasgchini
parlapjjafiajOchini
yatekapjjariamgchini
apanipjjafiapRchini
sarafiajjachini
khech'afiamachini
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4-.'
LESSON XX - Completion Drill
Jupanjj jurpilrojj inas tiopan utap visitir(jutaiia)
Jiwasanjj jurpgrojj inas qhaya jisc'a tiendan
.(thokofia)
Jiwasanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas machak that(lurama)
Nanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas walja libronac(leefia)
Jumanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas aynach estanciar
. (sarakaila)
Jupanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas aynach utar(sarakea),
2G7
jutafiap4chini
thokofiasgchini
lurapjjadasgchini
. leepjjanajjgchini
sarakapjjanamgchini
. sarakapjjafiapachivi
Questions and Answers - Jisceananacampi ivaw sananacampi
Answer with inas...
M. Jumanjj marc saraaamgniti?
E. Nayanjj inas marc saraiiajjgchini.
N. Jumanacanjj samarapjjahamgniti?
E. Inas nanacanjj samarapjjafiajjgchini,
N. Jumanjj ch'ok alasifiamgniti?
E. Nayanjj chlok alasifiajjhchini.
N. Jupanjj arumanthejj wallpanac alapapgniti?
E. Arumanthejj jupanjj inas wallpanac alanapgchini.
M. Jumanjj jutir marajj aymar yatekafiamgniti?
E. Nayanjj jutii marajj aymar yatekaEajjgchini.
M. Arumanthejj inas yap lurafiajjgchini?
E. JYsa, arumanthejj inas yap lurariamgchini.
Me Jurpgrojj inas wal parlapjjanajjgchini?
E. J7sa, jurpgrojj inas wal parlapjjafiamgchini.
M. Cartanac kellkapjjaAamati?
E. Inas cartanac kellkapjjafiajjgchini.
EL Kollkenac jaqhuhajjati?
E. Inas kollkenac jaqhudamgchini.
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208
LESSON XX - Questions and Answers
M. Awicha, yokamanjj vaca aijir khath sarailapaniti?
E. Inas saraiapIchini.
M. Tata, nanacanjj jutir semanajj pelot anatir jutapjjafiajjaniti?
E. Inas jutapjjanamachini.
M. Mama, phuchamamp nayampejj thokopjjanajjaniti?
E. Inas thokopjjahamachini.
M. Lulu, jumanjj t'awr kapunamaniti?
E. Inas kapuhajjachini.
M. Petrona, tatamajj yap luranapaniti?
E. Inas luraaapachini.
M. Tio, jiwasanacanjj kawranacamp ovejanacamp awatipjjafiasaniti?
E. Inas awatipjjafiasachini, janiw yatcti.
M. Cristina, jumamp tatamampejj ponch sawupjjanamaniti?
E. Inas sawupjjafiajjachini.
M. Achila, nayanjj qhuchinac chariiiajjaniti?
E. Inas qhariftamachini.
M. Tatay, jumanjj yapunac khollinamaniti?
E. Inas kholliiiajjachini.
M. Jila, jiwasanjj walja mank'anac phayafiasaniti?
E. Inas phayaftasachini.
M. Cullaca, jumamp Pablompejj..ana4Pijafiamati?
E. Inas anatapjjaftajjachini.
M. Mamita, jumanjj wawar jaribamati?
E. Inas jariciajgchini.
Dialogue - Cuento
MAMA JUSTINANP TATA DAVIDAMPIW PARLAPJJE
Justina: Jilata
David: Cullaquitay.. .
J: Cuns lurascta?
D: Chac asquichascta.
J: Walic asquichtajja, inas qhaya jisc'a chacamp asquichaiiamach:Lri.
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LESSON XX - Dialogue
20c,'
D: Janiw asquichcati, cunalaycutejj janiw qhitis yanapquituti,
inas arumanthejj jakenacajj jutapjjchini.
J: Tata David walic asquichtajja. Mastirojj tata Pedron wawapaX
escuelaruw sari, jallojj wal puri, ucat umaij aca,jawiran
waljaw utji, Pedron wawapajj janiw aca chac maqhatquiti,
cunalaycutejj aca chacaj.j janiw walYquiti. Jichhajj waliquiwa,
tata Pedromp tatanacampejj cusisipjjaniwa.
D: Waliquiw Justina, nayajj comunidadar yanapaLajjawa, inas
jutir semanajj escuel ut asquichabajjachini.
J: Ucajj wall sumawa, inas aca estancianquir jakenacajj ma
jachia fiest lurapjjchini, cunalaycutejj jumajj wall sum
yanaptajja, inas jumanjj thokoiiamachini.
D: JMsa, ,ucampis nayajj janiw kollk muncti, nayajj aca estanciasar
yanapa;i munta, cunalaycutejj estanciasajj wall pobrewa, janiw
suma escuelajj utj quiti, janiw clinicajj utjquitj., janiw, sums
utanacajj utjquiti. Mama Justina, jumajj tawakonacar
parlalamawa, inas jupanacanjj yanapapjjeapachini.
J: Waliquiw tata David, nayajj arumanthiw-harian utap sarg'jupamp
parlanataqui. JiChhajj sari. tats David sara...
D: Waliquiw Justina, waliquiwa..,
MAMA JUSTINAMP TATA DAVIDAMPEJJ Mg JAN UAT'AT WAYNJJAT PARLAPJJE'
J: Jilata...
D: Cullaquitay...2
1):
1):
Cunarac lurasct jilata?
Ay cullaquita, nayajj aca isinacajj eajjsiscta.
lumasti, cawquits3jutascta?
Marc sarta, ucat jutascta. Jichhtirojj jakenacajj ma jan uf,t'at
waynaraw catokapjjani, yattati?4
Janiw yatcti, qhitirac5 uca waynasti?
JanYraw unt'cti, tatajjajj --gringow uca waynajj --siwa.6
D: Qhitin utaparus uca waynajj puri?
J: Tata Andres Mamanin utaparuw puri. Uca waynajj pH maraw aca
estanciancan siwa.7
.
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LESSON XX - Dialogue
210
D: Cunarac lurpachani?8
J: Take cunan jakenacar yanapan siwa. Ovejanac sum uywati yatichani,
lee.1 kellkafi yatichan siwa.9
D: Ah, uqhamajj nayajj jichhayp'uw sara uca waynamp jiquisiri.10
J: Janit yatctasti? Jichhilrojj fiest lurapjjan siwa.
D: Uqhgmajjnayajj jicitipachawilsara.
J: Nayas12 ucat jichhaj,, tak marcat jutta, cunalaycutejj wank'
phayatajjawa.
D: Thokorejj utjaniti? 13
J: Ji'sa,utjaniw siwa, janit jumajj sarcata?
D: Nayajj saran muntwa.
J: Uqhamajj jiquisinaniw jilata, sarawayjja.
D: Saraquimay cullaquita, walic aviseistajja.14
1 Ian uneat 'unknown'. Uneata is the passive participle of the
infinitive unt'afia 'to know (people), be acquainted with' (Sp. conocer)
-ta is added to the verb stem and replaces the infinitive ending -fia.
waynjjat 'about a boy'; -jjat ' about'
2 cullaquita: affectionate diminutive of cullaca.
3 cawquits?'from where?' cawqui- + t + interrogative marker.
4 ucat 'from there (lit. 'from that').'
catokafa (+Iv] 'to receive'
matika 'to know (how)' (Sp. saber).
5 qhitirac: -raqui is an interrogative particle attached to an
interrogative pronoun. Rudimentos suggests -raqui in this context
is more familiar than -sa. The interrogative particle -sti is often
attached to the last component of the predicate to parallel the use
of -raaui with the subject.
6 JanYraw ufiecti 'I still don't know.'
siwa 'It is said, they say, he says.' Siwa is often used in recounting
stories. The infinitive is safia 'to say', the only monosyllabic root
in the language and irregular in its conjugation:
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LESSON XX - Dialogue - Notes
sista
sista
si
safa
punctual
sistan
, Luture
sapj j tan
sapjj ta
sapj jia
sapjje
sad sabani saLajatiini
sapjja
sap!ijata
sapjjani
sata
seni
211
7 estanciancan 'Be is to be in the community;'
contraction of estanciancani; infinitive estanciancana
8 Cunarac lurpachani? 'What will he be doing, most likely?'
lurpachani: future Jurani + insfix -7,acha- probably;'-p=cha-
inserted after the verb stem and before the personal ending connotrs
strong probability; in the plural - pacha- allow the
e.g. whamapachawa 'it should be so'.
anatascapjjpachawa 'They should be playing'; cf. also note 11
below.
9 take cunan 'in all those things'
/ammo contraction of yanapani, 'he will help'
uvwe.a 'to raise (animals)'; cf. uvwa 'domestic animal'
10 jiquisiaa + -3121..1 'to meet (with)' parallels the Spanish model
encontrarse con.
11 isichipachawa 'right ncw.' Pacha can serve as a noun meaning 'place,
time.' Cf. compounds pachamama 'earth, earth goddess, female
fertility spirit.' Cf. also note 8 above.
12 nayas.: -sa here is an exclamatory suffix.
13 Thokorejj utjaniti? 'Will there be dancing?'
On the use of the -ri suffix added to verbal roots, cf. Grammar,
Lesson VI. Other examples: kollaia 'to cure'/kolliri 'doctor;'
yapuchana 'to work the fields' /yapuchiri '(field) worker; awatiia
'to pasture'/awatiri'shepherd;' Alayana 'to cook/phayiri
catinia 'to fish'/caturi 'fisherman,' ai'saraila 'to feae/aiisariri
'shy person'
14 aviseana 'to inform, notify. Cf. Sp. avisar. Hosted for free on livelingua.com
212
LESSON XXI - PH tunca mayanir lecciona
Grammar - Suma parlailataqui
I. Daitativelutare negative: 'I may not...; probably won't...'
munata
muncchYti muncchiniti munapcchtiHniti
munapechiti
muncchItata munapcchYtati
muncchiniti munapcchiniti
Analysisyvemb stem + (plural infix) + discontinuous negative infix + -chi-
+ personal endings + discontinuous negative infix.
mun- + -c- + -chi- + i + ti = muncchYti
Endings: 1 -i-
2 -Ititt.
3 rni-
-ani -ani
zita--ni-
N.B. The negative takes the form jan. With dubitative verb forms,-wa
is not permitted in the sentence (the form janiw is thus impossible);
jani can then be contracted to jan. The suffix -its may be attached
to the verb.
e.g. Jiwasajj arumanthejj inas jan cafe umcchianiti.
'Tomorrow morning we probably won't drink coffee.'
rajj, kharliroj j inas i an isinac t'a lscchiti.
'This morning I may not wash clothes.'
Jutir marajj jumajj inas jan Chuquiag sarcchYti.
'Next year you probably won't go to La Paz.'
7'
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213
LESSON XKI
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuna
M. Nayajj inas jan mank'chhMti.
E. Nayajj inas jan manlecchiti.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj inas jan mank'cchitaLi.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj inas jan
N. parlcchiEgniti
E. Jiwasajj inas jan parlcchifigniti.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj inas jan parlapcchiti.
H. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj inas jan parlapcchYtati.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj inas jan parlcchiniti.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj inas jan parlapcchiMniti.
M. jarekasipcchidaniti
E. Jiwasanacajj inas jan jarekasipcchianiti.
jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj inas jan jarekasipcchiniti.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj inas jan jarekascchYti.
i. jumajj
E. Jumajj inas jan jarekascchYtati.
M. muncchYtati
E. Jumajj inas jan muncchYtati.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj inas jan muncchiUniti.
M. Nayajj inas jan yap lurcchYti.
E. Nayajj inas jan yap lurcchTti.
N. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj inas jan yap lurcchianiti.
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214
LESSON XXI - Substitution Drill
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj inas jan yap lurcchTtati.
M. chawil catcch!tati
E. Jumajj inas jan chawll catcchTtati.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj inas jan chawll catupcchiniti.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj inas jan chawll catcchiniti.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj inas jan chawil catupcchYtati.
M. isinac ch'ucupcch!tati
E. Jumanacajj inas jan isinac ch'ucupcch2tati.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj inas jan isinac ch'ucchianiti.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj inas jan isinac ch'ucchiniti.
N. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj inas jan isinac ch'ucupcchianiti.
N. Chuquiagur puripcchianiti.
E. Jiwasanacajj inas jan Chuquiagur puripcchinllniti.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj inas jan Chuquiagur purcchiti.
M. tatajjajj
E. Tatajjajj inas jan Chuquiagur purcchiniti.
M. Nayajj arumanthejj inas jan uywanacar mank' churcch!ti.
E. Nayajj arumanthejj inas jan uywanacar mank' churcchYti.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj arumanthejj inas jan uywanacar mank' churcchifiNniti.
jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj arumanthejj inas jan uywanacar mank' churapcchiniti.
M. Pedron utap visitir sarapcchiniti
E. Jupanacajj arumanthejj inas jan Pedron utap visitir sarapcchiniti.
jiwasanacajjM.
E. Jiwasanacajj arumanthejj inas jan Pedron utap visitir sarapcehifill-j.ti.
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215
LESSON XXI - Substitution Drill
M. nanacajj jutir marajj
E. Nanacajj jutir marajj inas jan Pedfon utap visitir sarapcchYti.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj jutir marajj inas jan Pedicn utap visitir saicchTti.
M. tatajjan kawrap awatcch!ti
E. Nayajj jutir marajj inas jan tatajjan kaurap awatcchYti.
jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj jutir marajj inas jan tatajjan kawrap awatipcchhati.
N. jupanacan arumanthen
E. Jupanacajj arumanthejj inas jan tatajjan kawrap awatipcchiniti.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj arumanthejj inas jan tatajjaa kawrap avatcchltati.
N. amigoman yapup lurcchMtati
E. Jumajj arumanthejj inas jan amigoman yapup lUicchYtati.
M. jumajj
E. Jupajj arumanthejj inas jan amigoman yapup lurcchiniti:'
M. jiwasajj khartrojj
E. Jiwasajj khartrojj inas jan ar2igosan yapup lurcchianiti.
N. Tatajjamp mamajjampejj jurpUrojj inas jan yapunacap lurapcchiniti.
E. Tatajjamp mamajjampejj jurpUron inas jan yapunacap lurapcchiniti.
N. nayamp jilajjampejj
E. Nayamp jilajjampejj jurpUrojj inas jan yapunacajj lurapcchYti.
M. jumamp cullacanacamampejj
E. Jumamp cullacanacamampejj jurpUron inas jan yapunacam lurapcchitati.
isinacam t'ajjsipechYtati
E. Jumamp cullacanacamampejj jurpUrojj inas jan isinacam eajjsipcchTtati.
nayamp jumanacampejj jutir semanajj
E. Nayamp jumanacampejj jutir semanajj inas jan isinacas t'ajjsipcching-niti.
M. Pedromp jilanacapampejj
E. Pedromp jilanacapampejj jutir semanajj
M. ch'oke yapunacap khech'apcchiniti
E. Pedromp jilanacapampejj jutir semanajj
inas jan isinacap
t'ajjsipcchiniti.
inas jan ch'oke yapunacap.
khech'apcchiniti.
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216
LESSON XXI - Substitution Drill
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj jutir semanajj inas jan yapunacam khech'cchitati.
M. tata Timoteojj
E. Tata Timoteojj jutir semanajj inas jan yapunacap khech'cchiniti.
M. jumamp nayampejj kharayp'ojj
E. Jumamp nayampejj kharayp'ojj inas jan yapunacas khech'cchifiHniti.
M. Josean uywanacapar mank' churcchinUniti
E. Jumamp nayampejj kharayp'ojj inas jan Josean uywanacapar mank'
churcchianiti.
M. nayamp yokanacajjampejj
E. Nayamp yokanacajjampejj kharayp'ojj inas jan Josean uywanacapar
mank' churapcchYti.
EL jiwasanacajj jurpayp'ojj
E. Jiwasanacajj jurpayp'ojj inas jan Josean uywanacapar mank'
churapcchianiti.
EL Marian utapan mank' phayapcchiFiHniti
E. Jiwasanacajj jurpayp'ojj inas jan Marian utapan mank' phayapcchifigniti.
Completion Drill - Arunac phokachana
Nayajj arumanthejj inas jan tiojjan yapup lurafi
(tucuia)
Jumajj arumanthejj inas jan Pedron utap(pichaga)
Jupajj jutir marajj inas jan mamapan walipap
(ufijafia)
Jiwasajj jutir marajj inas jan amigosan marcap
(saraila)
Jiwasanacajj jutir phajjsejj inas jan Pablon
ponchop (sawi;la)
Nanacajj jutir phajjsejj inas jan jilaman
iquirTanacap . (apania)
Jumanacajj jurplirojj inas jan tata Josean
uywanacap (awatitia)
Jupanacajj jurplirojj inas jan suma arunac
. (parlaila)
tucchYti
pichcchhati
sum uiijcchiniti
sarcchiOniti
sawupcchianiti
apanipcchYti
awatipcchYtati
parlapcchiniti
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LESSON XXI Completion Drill
Jutir marajj nayajj inasjan qhaya alay 1...hath
. (saran a)
Jutir marajj jumajj inas jan qhaya kollu
pat . (mistuha)
Jutir semanajj jupajj inas jan iluch'
luraL (tucuna)
Jutir semanajj jiwasajj inas jan qhuri aynach
tiend .(sarana)
Kharayp'ojj jiwasanacajj inas jan wawanacasar
sum .(ufdaria)
Kharayp'ojj nanacajj inas jan wali.. arunac
(parlana)
JurpUrojj jumanacajj inas jan porch saw 1
.(yatekea)
JurpUrojj jupanacajj inas jan walja iquilanac
.(apanina)
n iNayajj jutir juevesanas jan mamajjar
uT.jir .(sarea)
Jumajj jutir juevesajj inas jan choke yapump.
(khech'afia)
Jupajj jurpUrojj inas jan tiopan utap visitir
(jutana)
Jiwasajj jurpUrojj inas jan qhaya jisc'a
tiendan . (thckona)
Jiwasanacajj jurpayr'ojj inas jan machak thac
.(lurafia)
Nanacajj jurpayp'ojj inas jan awichajjan
vacanacap sum . (awatifia)
Jumanacajj kharUrojj inas jan aynach estanciar
.(sarnakafia).
Jupanacaj j kharUrojj inas jan qhaya aynach utar
.(saraakaria).
sarcchYti
mistechhati
tucchiniti
sarcchiAniti
uajapcchianiti
parlapcchiti
yatekapcchitati
apanipcchiniti
sarc-chiti
khech'cchYtati
jutcchiniti
thokcchiaHniti.
lurancchigniti
awatipcchiti
sarakapcchhati
sarakapcchiniti
217
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218
LESSON XXI
Questions and Answers -Xiscttarianacampi i aw saianacampiNegative - Jan chekanaca
IL Arumanthejj isinac t'ajjsYtati?
E. Inas jan isinac eajjscchiti.
M. Jutir marajj Chuquiagur saratati?
E. Jutir marajj inas jan Chuquiagur sarcchiti.
M. Kharllrojj aymar yatekapjjatati?
E. Khariirojj inas jan aymar yatekapcchiti.
M. Arumanthejj cafe umafianiti?
E. Arumantejj inas jan cafe umcchiaaniti.
M. Jutir marajj qhaya alay khat saratati?
E. Jutir marajj inns jan qhaya alay khat sarcchYti.
II. Jurplirojj tiopan utap saraniti?
E. Jupajj inas jan tiopan utap sarcchiniti.
M. Jutir marajj inas qhaya kollu pat jan mistcchTti?
E. Jutir marajj inas qhaya kollu pat jan mistcchitati.
M. Jupanacajj jarekasipjjaniti?
E. Jupanacajj inas jan jarekasipcchiniti.
Jumanacajj mank'apjjatati?
E. Nanacajj inas jan mank'apcchYti.
M. Cuns arumantehjj jumajj lurata?
E. Janiw yatcti, inas jan cuns lurcchYti.
Jiwasanacajj arumanthejj is eajjsipjjaianiti?
E. Inas jan eajjsipcchillniti.
M. Tata, Pedrojj arumanthejj marc saraniti?
E. Inas jan sarcchiniti.
M. Nayamp jumampejj kharilrojj cuns lurafiani?
E. Inas jan cuns lurcchifianiti.
N. Tata Carlos, nanacajj cuns lurapjja jutir semanajja?
E. Inas jan cuns lurapcchitati, janiw yatcti.
M. Cawcs khariirojj Joseajj jutani?
E. Inas jan jutcchiniti.,
M. Jutir semanajj jiwasanacajj mank'apjjailani?
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LESSON XXI - Questions and AnsworsNegative
E. Inas jan cuns mank'apcchifigniti.
M. Lulu, mamamajj kharayWojj cuns ch'ucuni?
E. Inas 'jan cuns ch'ucchiniti.
M. Yokalla, cullacamajj khargrojj kbath saraniW
E. Inas jan sarcchiniti.
N. Mamay, tatajjajj khaxgrojj cawcs sarani?
E. Inas jan cawcs sarcchiniti.
M. Tatay, awichajjajj visitir jutaniti?
E. Inas jan jutcchiniti.
Jumanacajj pelot anacir sarapjjgtati'
E. Inas jan sarapcchMti.
Dialogue - Cuento
MAMA JUANAJJ Mg. VOLUNTARIAAPII: PARLI
Voluntaria: Buenos dias mama Juana,. nayaw visitir jutta mama,
Juana: Walic mam juttajja, acawj arusay koneasimmama.1
V:
J:
NT:
J:
V:
J:
J:
V:
219
Waliquiw mama. Ay mama suma wila ponchs sawusctajja.
Qhititaquis mama,aca.ponchojja?
Ay mama, chachajjataquiw punch sawuscta mama. Juparcjj
thayaw wal thayji, ucat jupatac sawuscta.
Waliquiw mama, wall sumawa.. Ay mara, nayajj lluch' alasin
munta, qhitis lluch' p'itaA yati.92.
Mama Susanan cullapaw lluch' p'itarijj yati, inae jan
aljasi, muncchiniti. Oititaquis alaft muntajja?
Ay mama, tatajjataquiw ala munta. Tatajjajj Estadoe
Unidosmarcanquiwa. senanaw mg,cartaatados Unidos
marcat kellkanitu, jupajj mg suma lluch''muni, ucat nayajj
jupataquiw alasiz munta.
Tatamajj jach'a'p'ekeniti?4
Janiw ancha jach'gquiti.5
Inas lluch'ojj tatamatac jan walTechiniti, cunalaycutejj
acanjj jisc'a Waken jakenacataquiquiw pitapjje.
Inas jan sumgcchiniti, ucampis nayajj tatajjaruw mg suma
lluch'u churaiimunta.'
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LESSON XXI - Dialogue
220
J: Huarinan suma lluch'unacajj utji, aca estancianjj janiw
sum p'itapquiti, inas mama Susanajj sum p'itchi.b
V: Cawqhas Huarin marcajj mama? janiw nayajj u5jcti.
J: Huarin marcajj qhaya kota qhurcatancquis uca jach'a marcawa.
V: Uqhgmajj jutir miercolesaw sarg.
J: Waliquiw mama. Nayajj aca ponch tucg,ucat inas chompamp
lluch'ump alja:Latac lurchY.
V: Walic mama, inas arumanthejj jan jutcchYti, jurpUruw
jutaraquY mama, sarawayjj1 mama.?
J: Waliquiw mama, jutaquitaw mama.8
Inas nayajj jan acancchYti,ucampis wawanacajjajj acancascaniwa.
NOTES
1 'Have a seat here, do a.'
acawja '(in) this place;' acawjaru 'in this place.'
acawa 'here.'
kont'asi.;a r.rul : cf. Spanish por aca sentate.
e.g. aca sillar kont'asim 'have a seat in this chair'
2 p'itafia 'to weave'
3 Estados Unidos marcat kellkanitu.'He wrote to me from a town in the
United States.'
4 jachlaylekeniti? 'Does he have a large head?'
peke + -ni- possessive infix + -fia: p'ekenifia, lit. 'to have a head'
e.g. wali p'ekeniwa. 'He is very intelligent.'
5 an ha 'much, very'
6 Inas mama Susanajj sum p'itchi. 'Possibly dofia Susana weaves well.'
Doubt is expressed by the addition of -chi- to the punctual verb stem.
Note also the addition of -chi- to the future stem just described in
Lesson XIX.
7 htarag31 'I will come again.' Future very_ stem + -raqui7 + person z.1
ending.
8 jutaqataw 'come again.' Future verb stem + -qui- + long vowel
(Cf.future jutgta) + personal ending.
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LESSON XXII - P'-Y_ Rayanir
Vocabulary - Arunaca
allojja
aynacha
ayre.a
doctora
kolla
kollana
kolliri
lawa
lechuga
(tuctura)
(ru)
(lichuwa)
harto, abundamente
abajo, debajo
plantar
doctor
medicina
curer
medico
palo
lechuga
a lot, =ply
down
to plant
doctor
medicine
to cure
doctor
stick
lettuce
Grammar - Suma parlaataqui
fubitatiiietuttite.. Negative Necessitative: 'perhaps I may, not have to ..."
lurahatiacchiniti lurariasgcchiniti lurapijailasacPhiniti
lurailamgcchiniti lurapilaieNcgtiniti
lurahapHcchiniti
Analysis: Infinitive stem + (plural infix) + infinitive ending
+ personal pronoun + negetivec.r. -mini-A- negative -t5,
The subject of the verb takes the infix -n- (Emanii)
and the negative ianiw is contracted to jan:
e.g. 'I probably won't
have to work the fields.' ,
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuna
M. Nayanjj inas jan jachanajgcchiniti.
E. Nayanjj inas jan jachanajjacchiniti.
M jupanacanjj
E. Jupanacanjj inas jan jachapjjanapacchiniti.
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222
LESSON XXII - Substitution Drill
M. jiwasanjj
E. Jiwasanjj inas jan jachafiasacchiniti.
M. kollanasacchiniti
E. Jiwasanjj inas jan kollafiasacchiniti.
N. jumanacanjj
E. Jumanacanjj inas jan kollapjjafiamacchiniti.
M. jiwasanacanjj
E. Jiwasanacanjj inas jan kollapjjafiasacchiniti.
U. jumanjj
E. Jumanjj inas jan kollaftamacchiniti.
M. ayrufiamacchiniti
E. Jumanjj inas jan ayrufiamacchiniti.
M. jupanacanjj
E. Jupanacanjj inas jan ayrupjjafiapacchiniti.
M. jiwasanacanjj
E. Jiwasanacanjj inas jan ayrupjjafiasacchiniti.
M. nanacanjj
E. Nanacanjj inas jan ayrupjjaiajjacchiniti.
M. khollipjjadajjacchiniti
E. Nanacanjj inas jan khollipjjanajjacchiniti.
M. nayanjj
E. Nayanjj inas jan khollifiajjacchiniti.
t. jumanacanjj
E. Jumanacanjj inas jan khollipjjanamacchiniti.
Nayanjj inas jan chawll catufiajjacchiniti.
E. Nayanjj inas jan chawll catufiajjacchiniti.
M. jumanacanjj
E. Jumanacanjj inas jan chawll catupjjafiamacchiniti
N. jumanjj
E. Jumanjj inas jan chawll catufiamacchiniti.
M. Marian utap jutafiamacchiniti
E. Jumanjj inas jan Marian utap jutafiamacchiniti.
Ni. jiwasanjj
E. Jiwasanjj inas jan Marian utap jutatlasaccbiniti.
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LESSON XXII - Substitution Drill
H. nanacanjj
E. Nanacanjj inas jan Marian utap jutapjjatiajjgcchiniti.
M. Josean libronacap leepjjarlajjacchiniti
E. Nanacanjj inas jan Josean libronacap leepjjafiajjacchiniti.
jupanjj
E. Jupanjj inas jan Josean libronacap lee apcchiniti.
M. jiwasanacanjj
E. Jiwasanacanjj inas jan Josean libronacap leepjjanasacchiniti.
M. jach'a kawranac alasipjjanasMcchiniti
L. Jiwasanacanjj inas jan jach'a kawranac alasipjjailasacchiniti.
M. jumanacanjj
E. Jumanacanjj inas jan jach'a kawranac alasipjjanamgcchiniti.
M. jupanacanjj
E. Jupanacanjj inas jan jach'a kawranac alasipjjafiapacchiniti.
nayanjj
E. Nayanjj inas jan jach'a kawranac alasifiajjkchiniti.
M. ch'oke yapunac khech'afiajjHcchiniti
E. Nayanjj inas jan ch'oke yapunac khech'afiajjgcchiniti.
M. Nayanjj inas jan jach'a lawanac Chuquiagur apanajjacchiniti.
E. Nayanjj inas jan jach'a lawanac Chuquiagur apanajjacchiniti.
M. jiwasanjj
E. Jiwasanjj inas jan jach'a lawanac Chuquiagur apeasacchiniti.
N. jupanjj
E. Jupanjj inas jan jach'a lawanac Chuquiagur apaaapgcchiniti.
M. Boliviat apanihapilcchiniti.
E. Jupanjj inas jan jach'a lawanac Boliviat apaniilapticchiniti.
N. jumanacanjj
E. Jumanacanjj inas jan jach'a lawanac Boliviat apanipjjadamacchiniti.
M. walja kawranac
E. Jumanacanjj inas jan walja kawranac Boliviat apanipjjaaamacchiniti.
T1. jiwasanacanjj
E. Jiwasanacanjj inas jan walja kawranac Boliviat apanipjjafiasacchiniti.
M. lechuganac ayrupjjafiasilcchiniti.
E. Jiwasanacanjj inas jan welja lechuganac ayrupjjanasacchiniti.
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LESSON XXII - Substitution Drill
IL jumanjj
E. Jumanjj inas jan walja lechuganac ayrufiamHcchiniti
M. jupanacanjj
E. Jupanacanjj inas jan walja lechuganac ayrupjjatiapHcchiniti.
escuel wawanacar kollapjjallapHcchiniti
E. Jupanacanjj inas jan walja escuel wawanacar kollapjjagapacchiniti.
M. nanacanjj
E. Nanacanjj inas jan walja escuel wawanacar kollapjjariajgcchiniti.
N. nayanjj
E. Nayanjj inas jan walja escuel wawanacar kollanajjgcchiniti.
M. jupanjj
E. Jupanjj inas jan walja escuel wawanacar kollahapHcchiniti.
M. Nayanjj arumanthejj inas jan uywanacar mank' churailajjgcchiniti.
E. Nayanjj arumanthejj inas yan uywanacar mank' churanajjgcchiniti.
N. jupanacanjj
E. Jupanacanjj arumanthejj inas jan uywanacar mank' churapjjafiapacchiniti.
IL jumanjj
E. Jumanjj arumanthejj inas jan uywanacar mank' churafiamUcchiniti.
M. walja koll umafiamacchiniti
E. Jumanjj arumanthejj inas jan walja koll umanamgcchiniti.
N. jiwasanji jutir marajj
E. Jiwasanjj jutir marajj inas jan walja koll umaliasacchiniti.
jumanacanjj
E. Jumanacanjj jutir marajj inas jan walja koll umapjjaiiamacchiniti.
tunca pheskan wawanacar jaripjjaiiamacchiniti
E. Jumanacanjj jutir marajj, inas jan tunca pheskan wawanacarjaripjjanamUcchiniti.
N. jupanjj jutir phajjsejj
E. Jupanjj jutir phajjsejj inas jan tunca pheskan wawanacarjarinapUcchiniti.
N. jiwasanacanjj
E. Jiwasanacanjj jutir phajjsejj, inas jan tunca pheskan wawanacarjaripjjatasacchiniti.
Pablon vacapar ajjsarapjjanaacchiniti
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-17.1.TupporippueTTon aedepeuemem ueasor uep seuT ppoidAvaegn ppueitem .a
ppuetteu 'N
Tutu _T11.3oRdelpppdeTTol aucluovuemem UU8SOf UBP SBUT Cpoldiceaelm Cpueoeuednr a
TaTup100024eggentoll ieduovuumm uvosor 14
,-AriuTtlozlideuefpdeaesppe audvoya uoTqua ueP seuT ppoditeamix ppueoeuednr 2 pPoidAeaem ppueoeuedhp -1z
-T4TuTtioD -Hppe4effddeaysffs ardeavit uoTqed uep seuT fpasppeqd apnp Ppc=eueN .a
Crueveueu 4 -TaTuTpons
-v.7ecpcivauscpu uoTqed uep SEUT creScPcd IT314 rcUUDEUESVATr
TTTaa uoT3n1T4sqnS NOSS27
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muppoRdugerrdnden
muTtioogmeuerrderTe
"Mu Non C fe'4u
muTtiooRsEll;eccciTs CP a
T4Tuppoper:mun,
T3TuTtlooRdv4exemes
muTtioonmumeaus
muTtioonrceuvaestputin
mupporideuerrdeanT
muploonmeuerrdeanT
T4TupponCrugerrdeani
T3TnplooRsuperpeanT
muTtionseuvanT
muTtiooRdeuvanT
IlTuTtloonmeuvanT
T3TuTtloonrreuvanT
(EUnden).
comerte)'
MeATTel)°
(euTs re 13)
3vueame13 rrueovuednf uer seui
oeuvre/to Crueovuumnr tier sell'
lavo rrueoeueu uur svui
ST CrueovuusemTr uer suul
TT on Cruesumg tier sett'
rruednC ueC seui .
TT on Cruumnr uur seui CpueAuu tier sell'
(euumn).
Meaumes).
(eptaes).
(euvaes)!
deli uer seuT Crueoeuedni
dvA uer seuT Crueoruemni
(WA uuC seuT Crueoeuem
dvA imp seuT Cruvoeuesumu
deA uer sent CruesemTr
drA tier seuT rfuednr
deA uur seuT Cruumnr
deA tier seuT CrueAvg
vuegovnotid ouunav - TTT41 uopetdmoD
......... .0.00.110MMOMOMMIAMMO
.umudeuerrdTavqb amen usupb Cra3noAvieuno gmuTtioondeuurrdetiouln 3n tier seuT queoeuvdnr -a
Crueoeuednr 1 .emeCrupprdputib amen
esmTnb rre3noAvieuno gmuTiloogreuerrdetiouln 3n uer seuT Crueoeuuti -a
muppogrutmccdutia an an 4 semerregerrdTaeqb amen
esmTnb Cre3nokeTeuno gmuTtloorirrewecrdeAutid opium uer seuT Crueoeuem -a
Crueovueu 14
sumesuuurrdpeqb esmTnb Cre3noAuTeuno 'T1TuTtionsugurrdeAvqd anuum uur seuT CrueoeuesemTr -a
emuseuerrdputib amen usup!) 4 .emeseuvCCdulloTnbse outman eanaem
rre3noAv1euno 4T3TuTtlooRsegerrde1Lvqd opium ueC seuT CrueoeuesumTr H PPluoutresemTc
ITTaa uoT3n3T3sqnS - IIXX NOSSM
9ZZ
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LESSON XXII - Completion Drill
Jutir phajjsejj nayanjj inas jan cullacajjarChuquiag .(irpafia)
Jutir phajjsejj jumanjj inas jan mania Nariamp.(thokolia)
Arumanthejj jupanjj inas jan tata Pedr6Uutap .(saralia)
Arumanthej j jiwasanjj inas jan wanc'unacarmank' .(Churafia)
Kharayp'ojj jiwasanacanjj inas jan walja
chawllanac (catuna)
Kharayp'ojj nanacanjj inas jan tata Joseaautap
JullArojj jumanacanjj inas jaa Marian wawapar.(kollatia)
JurpUrojj jupanacanjj inas jan walja cebollanac.(ayrufia)
Nayanjj arumanthejj inas jan yap lurafi(tucta)
Jumanjj arumanthejj,inas jau isinac eajjsiE.(tucufia)
Jupanjj kharUrojj inas jan mama Mariar(kollafia)
Jiwasanjj kharUrojj inas jars incrk2e isinac(ch'ucufia)
Jiwasanacanjj jutir marajj inas jan wanc'unacsum .(unjafia)
Nanacanjj jutir marajj inas jan wallpanac sum
Jumanacanjj kharayp'ojj inas jan waljalechugasanac .(ayrufia)
Jupanacanjj khartrojj inas an qhaya aynachutar visitir .(sarakafia)
Nayanjj inas jan ut (pichana)cutejj marc sarafiajjawa.
Jumanjj inas jan cartovej a7atihamawa.
Jupanjj inas jan ceboll(ayrufia):thokor saraliapawa.
, cunalayr.
, cunalaycutejj
, cunalaycutejj
. irpailajjgcchirdti
thokofiamacchiniti
saraiiapV..cchiniti
churatiasacc'ninit.:.
catupjjarlasgechiniti
iquipjjailajjacchiniti
kollapjjailatt.gcchiniti
ayrupj jafiapgcchittiti
. tucuilajjlicchiniti
tucurlamacchiniti
kollanapacchiniti
ch'ucuiiasacchir.iti
urjapjjenarltechiniti
ufijapjjagajjacchititi
ayrupjjafiamgcchiniti
sarakapjjAiapacchiniti
pichabajjacchiniti
kellkabamacchiniti
ayrunapgcchiniti
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LESSON XXII - Completion Drill
Jiwasanjj inas jan kot (sarafia),cunalaycutejjisinac Cajjsinasawa.
Jiwasanacanjj inas jan yap (luralia) , cuna-
laycutejj escuel wawanacar kollapjjafiasawa.
Nanacanjj inas jan pouch (sawufia), cunalaycutejjwaija libronac leepjjafiajjawa.
Jumanacanjj inas jan choke yap (khech'afia),cunalaycutejj qhaya aynach maresarakapjjafiamawa.
Jupanacanjj inas jan kollanac (umafia), cunalay-cutejj Chuquiag doctoran utap sarapjjafia-pawa.
Inas jan adobenac (lurafia), cunalaycutejj lawanacmarcar apafiajjawa.
Inas jan pouch (sawu4a) , cunalaycutejj lluch'lurafi tucafiamawa.
Inas jan wank' (phayafia), cunalaycutejj Chuquiagsarafiasawa.
Inas jan pokot cunalaycutejj waijaaych mank'afiapawa.
Inas jan ovejanac (jaqhufia), cunalaycutejj chawllcatur kot sarapjjafiasawa.
Inas jan machak ut (utachafia), cunalaycutejjmerk'e utanac asquichapjjafiajjawa.
Inas jan ovej (awatifia), cunalaycutejj samarap-jjaaamawa.
Inas. jan kollirin utap (sarafia), cunalaycutejjwaija koll umapjjafiapawa.
228
sarafiasacchiniti
lurapjjafiasacchiniti
sawupjjafiajjacchiniti
khechlapjjafiamacchiniti
umapjjafiapacchiniti
lurafiajjacchiniti
sawufiamacchiniti
phayafiasacchiniti
alasifiapacchiniti
jaqhupjjariasacchinit5.
utachapjjafiajjacchiniti
awatipjjafiamacchiniti
sarapjjafiapacchiniti
Questions and Answers - Jisct'afianacampi iyaw safianacampi
Answer with 5,nas in the negative.
H. Jumanjj yap luratamati?
A. Nayanjj inas jan yap luranajjacchiniti
M. Nayanjj koll sarafiajjati?
A. Inas jan koll sarafiamacchiniti.
M. Jupanjj isinac t'ajjsifiapati?
A. Inas jan eajjsifiapacchiniti.
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22.9
LESSON XXII - Questions and Answers
M. Nanacanjj allojj libronac leepjjaEajjati?
A. Inas jan libronac leepjjafiamgcchiniti.
M. Jutir marajj cullacamar Chuquiagur irpanamati?
A. Jutir marajj inas jan cullacajjar irpanajjgchiniti.
M. Jupanjj mama.Mariar kollatapati?
A. Inas jan mama Nariar kollatapgcchiniti.
Jupanjj tiopan utap uJjir jutOapati?
A. Inas jan tiopan utap ejir jutanapgcchiniti.:
M. Khartiroj jumanjj saraqamati?
A. Khartirajj inas jan saratajjgcchiniti.
N. Pokot alasitapati?
A. Inas jan pokot alasihapgcchiniti,
Dialogue - Cuento
CARLOSAN WARMIPAW USUT.iC
Enfermera: Tata Carlos cunatarac wawanacamast jachasipquisti?1Esposamajj usutati?
Carlos: JYs mama janit yatetacti? Pasir semanat usuta. Ay mama,warmijjaw wall usuta. Aca chekar kont'asim, walic juttaja.
E: Cawqhas usu?
C:
E:
C:
E:
C:
E:
Piekemp amparanacamp jiqhanimpiw usu, janiw mank'afismunquiti, janiraquiw arumas iqui: puedquiti. Calanturaniwa.
3
Ay ucawa, cuna kollanaca churtajja?4
Janiw cuna kolls churcti, inas janPasir marajj uqhgmaraquiw usu.
Chuquiag doctoran uc apafiamawa, inas jan walja kolikgastafiamgcchiniti. Chuquiag marcan mg kollirejj utji, ucajjsum usutunacarojj kolli, jadit Ifiectasti?5
Janiw ufiect, mama. UcapM mama, kollkejj janiw utjquituti,inas esposajjajj jan cuns luranapgcchiniti. Suma kolliritmama?
Jisa, can janejj, tata, suma koiliriwa, Estados Unidosmarcanquis Ucampis jumajj arumanthi Chuquiagurapafiamawa. Chuquiagunjj doctorajj wali suma jakewa, inasjan walja kollanac alabamgcchiniti. Jupajj janiw kolikmunquiti. Clawnacamp quesomp churgtajja, waliquTniwa.Nayrakat calenturap tupU.7
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LESSON XXII - Dialogue
C:
230
Waliquiw mama, uqhHmajj arumanthiw apH, nayajj wal llaquista,
wawanacajjajj llaquisipjj araquiwa, janiw =Web munapquiti,cuns lurajja? Kollitay mama, wawanacajj laycu, nayajj wal
yuspagarama.8
E: Jan llaquisimti, nayajj jumaruw yanapHma,9inas jumamp
wawanacamampejj jan llaquisipjjailamacchiniti.
C: Ay mama, nayan janiw autojj utjquituti, cunatarac apHsti?10
E: Nayaw arumanthejj autot jutH,11
nayaraquiw esposamarojj apt!,
waliquiti?
C: Ay yuspagar mama, nayanjj saraffajjaniti?12
E: Inas jumanjj jau saraLaacchiniti, ucampis arumanthiw
ufijangni, waliquiti?
C: Waliquiw mama, nayanjj uywanac awatifiajjawa, ucampis nayajj
esposajjampiw saa.
E: Waliquiw tata, jichhajj nayajj usutaruw visitari munt tata,
cawqar utanquisa?
C: Cocinanquiw mama, mantascaquim.13
E: Mang. chhH...14
11111
NOTES
1 Cunatarac wawanacamast jachasioquisti? 'From what are your
children crying?'
2 pasir semanat 'since last week'
aca chekaru 'to (in) this place'
3 mank'arls : -sa exclamation particle.
calenturaniwa (calinturaniwa) 'He has a temperature.'
4 inas jan walYcchiniti 'He may not get better, well.'
Infinitive walYouifia.
5 gastaha 'to waste' (cf. Spanish gastar)
6 ucapY 'so it is.' -21 is an exclamation particle expressingcertainty; the particle is always stressed.
e.g. munta 'of course I want (it, to).'
Suma kollirit? 'Is he a good doctor?'
-ta comparative particle, indicates superior quality or attribute.
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"1
LESSON XXII - Dialogue - Notes
7 cm ianej j 'w-hy not ?'
nayrakata 'first'
tupuf=a 'to measure;' calentur tupuia 'to take one's temperature.'
pgs_xac'awnacamuesomthurataawr.11cu2niwa. 'If you give him eggsand cheese, it will be fine.'
8 Irmang.saiilamy 'for the sake of my children': laycu 'for'
(cf. cunalavcuteii 'for what' = 'why, because')
9 jaaragEamagn '1 will help you.'
10 cunatarac apasti? 'In what will I bring him?'
c_ una 'what'; -ta- 'by', -raqui.... -sti discontinuous interrogativemarker.
11 autot 'by car'
12 Ilayanij saradaljaniti 'Will I have to go?' Cf. Grammar, Lesson XX.
13 mantascaRE111 'just go on in'; mantas 'to' enter, go in'
14 chha 'so'
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LESSON XXIII - PU tunca
Vocabulary - Arunaca
alba (alwa)
armas ifia
cebada (ciwara)
chhalayaiia
inti
inti jalanta
inti jalsu
jathi
jayp'u
kepi
llaquisiba
phisna
reloj (relojo)
uimsanir lecciona
alba
olvidarse
cebada
perder
sol
poniente
saliente
pesado
la tarde
atado, bulto
apenarse
liviano, no pesado
reloj
Grammar - Suma parlafiatagai
I. Imperfect tense: 'used to , was ing.'
dawn
to forget
barley
to lose
sun
sunset
sunrise
heavy
afternoon
bundle
to grieve for
light (weight)
watch, clock
232
The imperfect tense may be formed in two ways for all but the third
person singular and plural:
(1)
(2)
Infinitive stem + (plural infix) + -11x27 + personal endings.
V = repetition of the final vowel of the infinitive stem (to yield
a long vowel). The third person is not formed this way.
Infinitive stem + (plural infix) + -Vn- + personal endings for all
persons except 1st singular and plural; in the
-atana is attached to the infinitive stem:
munafia
I munHyUta
munatana
2 munKvata
munanta
3 munUna
The first forms given
rot_alyatan
mmatit an
will be drilled in this
later persons,
maanat1521munapjjantan
munalisijUvfta
munapjjkana
munapijUvata
munapjjanta
ETASPijana,
lesson,
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233
LESSON XXIII - Grammar
Endings 1 -ta/-tana -tan_ -tan-to / -tana
2 -ta -ta3 -a -a
N.B.: mungygta can be contracted to mungta.
Imperfect verb forms can also be combined with the suffixes
(very infrequently) and -wa; the difference between forms wi'.41
and without -wa is not entirely clear. One speaker consistently
differentiates the 1st and 2nd persons by means of nj g in the
2nd person.When -wa is added to a form ending in a vowel, that
vowel is elided. Ebbing gives the following pairs:
mungygta/mungtana 'I used to want, was wanting:'
Eogyatwa/mungtanwa 'I want.:d'
The difference between mungygtwa/mungtanwa and the punctual
munta/muntwa is unclear. Perhaps the estinction is that of
Spanish preterit (yo guise) ant; present perfect (ysLI&LAufri19),,
II. -taqui with verbs (infinitives) and nouns-proaouas: cf. Grammar, Lesson
XVIII.
N.B.: The suffix -ta, may appear more than once in a. sentence:
e.g. Nayajj jutwa Susanatac mg ut utachaEata uiwa. 'I came (in order)
to build a house for Susana.'
This construction is very close in meaning to the verb form in -rfL:
e.g. Na al utwa Susanatac mg ut utachiriv. !I came to build a house
for Susana.'
III. -t(a) ....-cama(wa): 'from...up until.'
e.g. Intl jalsut inti Ialantcamaw 'from sunrise to sunset'
lunesat viernescamaw 'from Monday to Friday'
N.B.: -cama requires the loss of the preceding vowel if the root has
more than two syllables:
e.g. jalatita becomes ialantcamaw,
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LESSON XXIII
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscufia
M. Nayajj marc sarayata.
E. Nayajj marc sarayata.
EL jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj marc sarayatan.
EL nanacajj
E. Nanacajj marc sarapjjayata.
EL pokot alasipjjayata.
E. Nanacajj pokot alasipjjayata.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj pokot alasiyatajja.
N. jupajj
E. Jupajj pokot alasYna.
H. yap lurana
E. Jupajj yap lurana.
EL jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj yap lurapjjayatan.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj yap lurayata.
H. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj yap lurapjjayatajja.
EL kollk chhakayapjjayatajja
E. Jumanacajj kollk chhakayapjjayatajja.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj kollk chhakayapjjana.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj kollk chhakayayatajja.
M. armasiyatajja
E. Jumajj kollk armasiyatajja.
M. MasUrojj nayajj yap lurayata.
E. MasUrojj nayajj yap lurayata.
N. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj masUrojj yap lurapjjana.
234
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235
LESSON XXIII - Substitution Drill
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj masUrojj yap lurgyHtan.
M. k'ep chhakayHyHtan
E. Jiwasajj masUrojj k'ep chhakay2yHtan.
M. nanacajj masUrmanthejj
E. Nanacajj masHrmanthejj.k'ep chhakayapjgyata.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj masHrmanthejj k'ep chhakayapjgyHtajja.
M. Kollk armasipjjayHtajja
E. Jumanacajj maarmanthejj kollk armasipjjgyHtajja.
M. jumajj nayrayp'ojj
E. Jumajj nayrayp'ojj kollk armagyHtajja.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj nayrayp'ojj kollk armasipjjHna.
M. wal llaquisipjjka
E. Jup6.nacejj nayraypgojj wal llaquisipjOna.
M. nayajj pasir marajj
E. Nayajj pasir maraji wal llaquisiyHta.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj pasir marajj wal llaquisipjjHyHta.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj pasir marajj wal llaquisipjjRyHtan.
M. khollipjjkAtan
E. .3iwasanacajj pasir marajj wal khollipjjWitan.
M. Nayajj nayrUrojj Pedron utap sarHylita.
E. Nayajj nayrUrojj Pedron utap visitiria war .y!
M. jupajj
E. Jupijj nayrUrojj Pedron utap visitiriw sarRna.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj nayrUrojj Pedron utap visitiriw sarffyHtan.
M. Timoteon kawranacap awatiriw jucHAtan
E. Jiwasajj nayrUrojj Timoteon kawranacap awatiriw jutHyHtan.
M. nanacajj nayarmanthejj
E. Nanacajj nayrarmanthejj Timoteon kawranacap awatiriw jutapjOyHta.
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-elpAgpinaul, mummosaumoTA wsaunT goanakeu geouuum
u3nABCcdnluo Timutio
u1RANgdetpuln 3n, mumepsauaaTA 3usauni goanakeu gepuueti
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goanaluu ccurscuusumTp
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euncrdulutibum mTaTdu depeuTdaix uuasor
suungdelnr mTaTlymu depuuramex uoa3oury gatiluumanaleu guovuudnr
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a
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a
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mac( uoprivpscins IIIXX NOSSal
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uffr4RARftwatm duA mloop Bcce3HATI123 TTmetio mVmeonidicer:3vcau 'cresccelld aTsed ccemnr
ccascreqd /Turd crsmnr
uaNARcrdnaso ITmetio mumuonaAer aucau CfoiniAsu rposurN
memeon,d4er asqTr
ea
* ITTaa uoTanapsqnS IIIXX NOSS37
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238
LESSON XXIII - Substitution Drill
N. Enriquen imillapataquiw mg jathi k'ep apgna
E. Jupajj pasir marajj Enriquen imillapataquiw mg jathi k'ep apgna.
N. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj pasir marajj. Enriquen imillapataquiw and jathi k'ep
apapjjgygta.
1414 jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj pasir marajj Enriquen imillapataquiw and jathi k'ep
apapjjgna.
M. jiwasajj wasHrmanthejj
E. Jiwasajj wasgrmanthejj, Enriquen imillapataquiw mg jathi k'ep
apgygtan.
M. Josean warmipataquiw and suma poller ch'ucUyMtan
E. Jiwasajj wasgrmanthejj. Josean warmipataquiw mg suma pollerch'ucUygtan.
Completion Drill - Arunac phokachafia
jutafia
Nayajj khath
Jupajj khath
Jupajj khath
Jiwasajj khath
Jiwasanacajj khath
Nanacajj khath
Jumanacajj khath
Jupanacajj khath
Nayajj pasir marajj mamajjatac yapuchiriwkoll (sarafia)
Jumajj pasir marajj Joseatac ut utachiriwmarc . (jutafia)
Jupajj pasir phajjsejj mamapatac isinact'ajjsiriw jawir .(jutafia)
Jiwasajj pasir phajjsejj Timoteotac yapkholliriw .(sarakafia)
Jiwasanacajj nayarojj Pedrotac vac awatiriwkoll .(maghatafia)
jutgygta
jutgygtajja
jutRna
jutRyHtan
jutapjjRyHtan
jutapjgyRta
jutapjgyHtajja
jutapjjRna
sarRyHta
j utUyUtaj j a
juana
sarakgygtan
maqhatapjjaygtap
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LESSON XXIII - Completion Drill
Nanacajj nayrUrojj anunacatac mank' phayiriw.(juta10)
Jumanacajj nayrayp'ojj waj chanacatac isinacaliriw marc .(sarana).
Jupanacajj nayrayp'ojj jakenacatac yapuchiriw.(jutaa)
Nayajj pasir semanajj inti jalsut intijalantcamaw yap .(1Lrana)
Jumajj pasir semanajj inti jalsut incijalantcamaw is .(t'ajjsina)
Jupajj nayrUrojj lunesat viernescamaw thac.(luraEa)
Jiwasajj masUrojj utat kollucamaw jathileep.(apaha)
Jiwasanacajj nayrUrojj juevesat sabadcamawutanac .(pichaila)
Nanacajj pasir marajj inLi jalsut inti jalant-camaw adobenac .(lurana)
Jumanacajj pasir marajj albat jayp'ucamawchawll . (catufa)
Jupanacajj pasir marajj albat jayp'uculaawch'oke yap .(khech'and)
Nayajj nayrUrojj Pedrotaquiw ceboll'(ayruna)
jumajj nayrUrojj mamamataquiw phisna kalanac.(apaiia)
Jupajj maarmanthejj cullacapataquiw pheskaqhuch . (qharixe)
Jiwasajj masHrmanthejj Uariataquiw um(apanina) .
Jiwasanacajj wasUrojj utataquiw adobenac.(lurana)0111111.110111.8..1
jutapjjUyHta
sarapj
jutapjj'Ana
luiHygta
t'ajjsiyMtajja
lurHna
Agyatan
pichapjjHyHtan
lurapjjkata
catupjjNyHtajja
khech'apjjand.
ayrUyNta.
. apgyHtajja
Nanacajj wasUrcaj uyw uyutaquiu calamin(alasina) .
Jumanacajj pasir semanajj escuel utachafiataquiwkalanac .(apanina)
Jupanacajj pasir semanajj yap lurafiataquiwarad .(alasitia)
qhariLa
apan2yHtan
lurapjjayHtan
alasipjjkAta
apanipjOyatajja
alasipjjka
239
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240
LESSON XXIII
Questions and Answers - Jisct'ananacampi iyaw sahanacampi
Positive - Chekanaca
M. Jumajj khat jutHyHtati?
E. Jisa, nayajj khat jutHyHta.
M. Jupajj ch'ok alasMnati?
E. Jisa jupajj ch'ok alasinawa.
M. Jupanacajj reloj chhakayapignati?
E. Jisa, reloj chhakayapjjanawa.
M. Nayajj maslirojj ch'ok alagyatati?
E. Jisa, maslirojj jumajj alagyHtawa.
M. Pasir phajjsejj nayajj pokot mank'HyHtati?
E. Jisa, pasir phajjsejj jumajj pokot mank'HyHtawa.
H. Pasir marajj jiwasajj cuadern allyHtanti?
E. Jisa, pasir marajj cuadern alayHtan.
M. Pasir marajj nayajj Chuquig sarayhati?
E. Jisa, jumajj pasir marajj Chuquiag sarHyHta.
Nayajj pasir marajj Elenaruitspsargyatati?E. Jisa, jumajj pasir marajj Elenan utap sargyntawa.
M. Jupanacajj Elenan utapan thokopjOnati9
E. Jisa, jupanacajj Elenan utapan thokopjjkawa.
M. Mastirojj jumajj marc jutHyHtati?
E. Jisa, jutHyHtwa.
E4 Pedrojj maslirojj achilapan utap jutHnti?
E. Jisa, jutHnwa.
N. Mama Maria, pasir phajjsejj cullacaman jilapajj khath j-lanti9
E. Jisa, jutHnwa.
M. Tata Carlos, cuns nanacajj wallirojj mank'apjjayata?
E. T'ant'amp quesomp mank'apjjayHtajja.
M. Cuns jumajj lurHyHt, tata Francisco?
E. Ut lurHyHta.
M. Tata Tomas, nayarmanthejj jiwasanacajj cuns lurapjjayttan?
E. Yap khech'apjjayatan.
N. Jisc'a yokalla, maArmauthejj jumanaran curs lurapjOyMtajja?
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t'N
LESSON XXIII - Questions and AnswersPositive
E. Nachak isinac ch'ucupjjayRta.
N. Tatay, jumajj masayp'ojj cuns lurRyHtajja?
E. Cabad yapuchRyHta.
M. Tata Jacinto, mastirojj cawcs sarUyEtajja?
E. Marc sarRyHta.
M. Tata Pedro, cawcs yokamajj maarmanthejj sarkna?
E. Qhaya wila koll sarUna.
Tata Carlos, juman wawanacamajj caughans yap' khollipjjRna?
E. Jach'a koilun khollipjOna.
M. Masttroj j jumajj mank' phayRyiltati?
E. asa, phayHyatwa.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA JOSEAITP TATA YIGUELAnaJJ PARLAPJJEWA
Jose: Buenas noches tata Miguel, ictati?
Miguel: Buenas uoches tata Jose, janiw iccti,.camisac tata...
J: Uralic tata, jumasti?
Waliquiraqui...JichhHrmanthejj1 utam juta: munHyRta, uccmpiajaniw jutcti, mamajjaw usuta jupatac koll eliriW marc sarta.
J: Wali usutati?
M: J2sa, wali usutawal masUruw jupajj koll uman munhna, ucampisdoctorajj janiw jutquiti, inas aruManthejj jutchini.
J: Ay ucaw tata, nayajj pasir maraw ustlyRta, ucampis mid doctorawnayarojj kollitu, inas jupajj mamamar kollchini...2
Ucap 'Z, mamajjajj walja uywanac awatYna, juparojj thayaw walthayjRna, inas ucat jupajj usuadni.
J: DoCtoran ucar irpaf-amawa, jupaw kollani.3
IA: Waliquiw tata, jutir semanaw irpR.
J: Janiwa, arumanthi irpaamawa....
Waliquiw tata, uqhRmajj jilajjan utap sarR, jupaw uywanacajjawatini, yap lurani, ut unjani....'
J: J2sa, ucajj waliquiwa... Ay tata Miguel vacam mayeitas4
ch'ok
yapuchari munta, pasir marajj!pheska ch'ok yap yapuchRyata, inasjichha marajj pakalik yap yapuchch2.
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LESSON XXIII - Dialogue
M:
J:
M:
J:
M:
NOTES
Waliquiw tata Jose, vacajjajj samarasquiwa, uywa mank'ajj
utj iti?
nsa, pasir domingow marcat alas!yata...
Waliquiw tata, jichhat irpata?
Jis tata, jichhaw irpH, cawqhanquisa?
Uyuncasquiwa, irpascaquim
242
1 Jichharmaatiltii 'this morning'
2 kollitu 'he cured me'
3 Doctoran ucar irpanamawa 'You must take her to the doctor's (place).'
4 vacam mayt'ita 'lend me your cow.'
Jose:
Miguel:
J:
M:
J:
M:
J:
M:
J:
ME:
J:
M:
J:
M:
J:
M:
J:
M:
J:
TATA JOSEAMP TATA MIGUELAMPEJJ PARLASIPJJEWA
Buenas noches tata
Buenas noches tata
Miguel, niyat
Jose, janTraw
icjjta?1
iccti.2
Jichharmanthiw nayaJj visitir jutta, ucampis janiw jicjjatcsmati,
cawquirac sartasti?i
Ay tata, jicharojj tiajjar visitiriw sarta. Tiajjan anunacapajj
waljawa, nayajj utap jac'ar purt ucqhajj wal ajjsarHyHta,
cunalaycutejj anunacapajj wali khorunacawa.4
Jichhasti, camacharanuisti?5
Ay tata, tiajjan ma anupaw ovej uyut jalsuni, ucat nayar achjaa
munitu, ucampis nayajj mil jisc'a uyu pataruw mistta.6
Ucatsti?
Ucat anojj pantalonat achthapitu nayar achjantafiataqui.7
Achjtamti?8
JYs tata achjituwa, untam aqhHm luritu...9
Ay tata, aqhgmajjH, lacpach achjantataraquia.10
Jichhajj janiw sarnakaa puedcti, wal usutu.11
Alal umamp jarekasim, ucatsti doctoran utap saram, jupaw kollgtam12.
Arumanthiw sarU tata Jose, walpin usutu.13
Jan llaquisimt tata, inas jan kollir achicafiamacchiniti.14
Jumasti tata, cuns jichhprojj lurtajja?
JichhHrojj nayamp warmejjampejj yap khollipjjta.
Cuns yalmehapjjntajja?
Ch'ok yapuchapj0. Maya15 rajj ch'6kpij jsniw ittjanti, inas
jutir marajj utjchini.
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LESSON XXIII - Dialogue
N:
,T:
Utjaniw tats, jallojj jichl-ajj wal
Ay tats Miguel niy jayp'ojjewa, kharayp'uw jutaraqui.16
M: Waliquiw tats Jose. Aca ma juc'a mank'say wawanacamatacapasiwayam.
J: Waliquiw tats, uspagar tats, jiquisificama.
NOTES
1 n_iyatjsijta? 'Are you already sleeping?'
7117 'already' appears between the last consonant of the root and the
ending
e.g. sarafiasawa 'We must go'
niya sarijai=iasaua 'We must go already.' '
2 janYraw iccti 'I am still not sleeping.'
3 ticijatcsmati 'I didn't meet you.'
jicdjasafia 'to meet'
_qRcsa:ta.sticawuir? 'So where did you go?' Note the joint :.se of
the interrogatives suffixes -rac and -sti uith subject and predf, at.c
components.
4 PallitAg.ILilLIASghii-.. 'When I came near her house....'
ajjsarafia 'to be afraid.'
5 smogstmAuisti? 'So what happened?'
6 ovej uvuta 'from the sheepfold'
ialsyjla 'to jump'
ucat nalyaraciljaE munitu 'Then he wanted to bite me.'
ach4aZa [ rui 'to bite'
munitu lit., 'He wanted me.' The pronominal object of the verb must
be attached to the main verb of the clause.
uyy pate 'on top of the corral'
7 Ran, talonat achtkaitil 'He grabbed me by the pants.'
achthafia 'to grab, seizel'
-pi- 'then'
achjaatariatadui 'in order to bite me' The infix -nta-, coming after
the infiniiu stem, indicates the action took place 'from outside
to within.' e.g. dalle.a 'to rain:' Lialluntaaa 'to rain in'
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244
LESSON XXIII - Dialogue - Notes
9 ufitam 'look' infinitive &item 'to look, watch (after)'
aghgma 'so'
luritu 'he did to me'
10 lacpach achjantataraquisa 'It's bitten by a mouth.'
laca 'mouth;' lacpacha 'the whole mouth' -kasha combined with a
non-verb conveys the meaning of 'totality.' ach'antata - passiveparticiple
11 sarnakafia 'to walk'
12 alala 'cold (of water)'
Larekasifia 'to wash oneself'
jupaw kollatam 'he will treat you.'
13 Walpin usutu 'I am very hurt' -pini- 'certainly'
14 Jan lla uisimt 'Don't worry about it.'
llaquisiLa 'to grieve for' -ta 'because of it'
15 maymarati2last year'
16 jutaraqui 'I (must) come'
17 Acama'uclamanI;.-'sainatacaasiwaam. 'Take this little
food for your children (if you like)'
-waya- attached to infinitive stems before personal endings implies
action completed while on the way to somewhere else. Mankta 'food';
-sa marks a count': tiotni..., 'then' jucta 'little'
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LESSON XXIV - Pa tunca pusi.aiLlecciomr,
Vocabulary - Arunaca
eachha
jalafia
jiwayela
khepeafia
laka
lak'o
nayreafia
despacio slowly
venir corriendo to come running
correr to run. .
matar to kill
atrasarse to be late
rapidaMente. quick(ly)
gusano
adelantarse
pasto pasto
walUru anteayer
worm
to get ahead,.to be. early
grass
day before yesterday
Grammatical Analysis - Stima_pazleiataoui.
Yt Necessitative Past 'I had to...'
Infinitive stem + (plural infix) + infinitiveFending44-ppssessime pronoun
e.g. itaLaiigEn1 had to work' t -an- .4- -via.
lismikildignal 'We had to work', etc.
In interrogative sentenc::s, -wa is replaced by -tl:
e.g. larailajjklIi? 'Did I have to work?'
lurapjjailailMnti? 'Did we ....?
Thy subject of the sentence may or may tot :take the -n- infix:
navanjj/nayaii.full
One informant gives alternative/forms with a final vowel:
e.g. lureajjkawa, etc.
II. On the function of the infix -ni- in verbs, cf. Grammar, Lesson XVII;
on the function of the infix -lea- in verbs, cf. Grammar, Lesson XIX.
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LESSON XXIV
Substitution Drill - Vaasa arunac uscufia
M. Nayajj aymar yatekeiajjanwa.
E. Nayajj aymar yatekafiajjanwa.
N. jupajj
E. Jupajj aymar yatekapaAmma.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj aymar yatekafiasanwa.
M. leek yatichafiasanwa
E. Jiwasajj leers yatichaaasanwa.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj leefi yatichapjjeajjanwa.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj leefi yatichapjjafiapanwa.
N. marcat lak jalanipjjaiaapanwa
E. Jupanacajj marcat lak jalanipjjafiapanwa.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj marcat lak jalanipjjaasanwa.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj marcat lak jalanifiajjanwa.
M. escuelar c'achh jr.lafiajjanwa
E. Nayajj escuelar c'achh jalafiajjanwa.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj escuelar c'achh jalapjjafiamanwa.
M. kellkaii armasipjjafiamanwa
E. Jumanacajj kellkafi armasipjjafiamanwa.
1. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj kellkafi armasipjjailapanwa.
M. wawar kollapjjafiapanwa
E. Jupanacajj wawar kollapjjafiaplinwa.
M. Nayrarojj nayajj ovejamp kawramp ufijafiajjanwa.
E. Nayrarojj nayajj ovejamp kawramp ufija.Lajjanwa.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj nayrarojj ovejamp kawramp ufijapjjafiapanwa.
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250
LESSON XXIV - Completion Drill
Jupajj nayrt'aniwa, cunalaycutejj lak (iutafia) jutafiapkwa
Jiwasajj nayrt'antanwa, cunalaycutejj aymar yatekafiasgnwa(yatettafia).
Jiwasanacajj khept'anipjjtanwa, cunalaycutejjuywanacar mank' (churaiia) . churapjjafiasgnwa
Nanacajj khept'anipjjtwa, cunalaycutejj ut(pichafia). pichapjjeajjgnwa
Jumanacajj nayrt'anipjjtawa, cunalaycutejj lak(jalinifia). jalanipjjafiamgnwa
Jupanacajj nayrt'anipjjewa, cunalaycutejj lak(jarekasifia) . jarekasipjjafiapHnwa
Nayajj khept'antwa, cunalaycutejj c'achh_(iutafia) jutaliakjgnwa
Jumajj khept'antawa, cunalaycutejj c'achh(jutafia) jutafiamUnwa
Jupajj nayreaniwa, cunalaycutejj lak(jalan.lfia). jalanifiapgnwa
Jiwasajj nayrt'antanwa, cunalaycutejj lak(jalanifia). jalanifiasgnwa
Jiwasanacajj masUrojj khept'anipjjtanwa,
cunalaycutejj (pichafia). pichapjjafiasgnwa
Nanacajj masUroj j khept'anipjjtwa, cunalaycutejj(samarafia) samarapjjafiajjgnwa
Jumanacajj nayrt'anipjjtawa, cunalaycutejj lak(tucuaa) tucupjjelamanwa
Jupanacajj nayrt'anipjjewa, cunalaycutejj lak(yanapaiia) yanapapjjafiapgnwa
MasUrojj nayajj yap (khollifia ) , ucat mamajjan khollinajjgnwautap jan sarcti.
MasUrojj jumajj yap (lurafia) , ucat tioman luraiamgnwautap jan jutctati.
NayrUrojj jupajj ovej (qharifia) , ucat tiapan qharifiapgnwautap jan lurquiti.
NayrUrojj j iwasajj mank' (phayafia), ucat yokasan phayaiasgnwautap jan sarctanti.
Wasgrmanthejj jiwasanacajj (iarekasifia) ucat jarekasipjjafiasHnwajan kapupctanti.
WasIrmanthejj nanacajj wawanacartatiftEIll yatichapjjafiajjgnwaucat jan jutapcti.
Pasir marajj jumanacajj Pablor (vanapaLa), ucat yanapapjjai,amgnwajan ut utachapctati.
Pasir marajj jupanacajj ch'ok (lapuchafia), ucat yapuchapjjafiapgnwajan cebad yapuchapquiti.
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LESSON XXIV
Questions and Answers - Jisceafinnanamni ivaw sa:Aanacsurpi
Positive - Chekanaca
I. M. Jumajj yap lurafiamanti?
E. Jisa, nayajj yap lurafiajjanwa.
M. Masarojj jumajj ut pichaaamanati?
E. nsa, nayajj ut pichallajjanwa.
M. Masarmanthejj jupajj Pedromp Juanamp parlafiapanti?
E. J!!sa, maatmantejj jupajj Pedrop Juanamp parlahapanwa.
M0 Jumanacajj libromp cuadernomp alasipjjaiiam!nti?
E. JYsa, libromp cuadernamp alasipjjanajjanwa.
M. Jiwasajj nayraypsajj wavasar pelot churailasanti?
E. JY.sa, nayrayp'ojj wawasar pelot churailasanwa.
E4 Jupajj nayreaniwa lak jutaaapantil
E. JMsa, jupajj nayreaniwa, lak jute.apanwe.
Jupajj khepeaniti; jilapar yanape:apanti?
E. nsa, jupajj kheptaniwa; jilapar yanapa;iapanwa.
N. Nayajj Wandampir Franciscanpir yanapatiajjth.ti?
E. nsa, jumajj Wandampir Franciscempir yanapeiamanwa.
N. Nayamp jumampejj walarojj qhaya jach'a chac asquichaf:asanti?
E. nsa, asquichafiasanwa.
N. Tata Justino, aca Bolivia marcar jutaaamanti?
E. nsa, jutaaajjanwa.
N. Mama Maria, jumanjj wallpanacar mank' chureamanti?
E. J1sa, churafiajjanwa.
M. Mama Teresa, nayanjj pas phajjsejj jumar yanapahajjanti?
E. JMsa, yanapailamanwa.
II. M. Masayp'ojj jumajj cun lurafiamanse
E. Yap khech'ailajjanwa.
N. Masarmanthejj Pedrojj cun mank'afiapanasa?
E. Arroz mankiafiapanwa.
M. Cunats tata Carlosajj khept'ani?
E. Jarekasifiapanwa.
E. Cunats jiwasanacajj nayrt' anipjjtan?
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252
LESSON XXIV - Questions and Answers
E. Lak jutapjjalasgnwa.
M. Cunats jupanacajj anatir khept'anipjje?
E. Namanacapar yanapapjjafiapgnwa.
M. Qhitir yanapafiamgnsa?
E. Mamajjar yanapaAajjgnwa.
M. Qhitirus tata Franciscojj mank' churafiapgna?
E. Jilapar churaijapgnwa.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA LUCASAJJ AMICOPAN UTAP SARI
Lucas: Asqui jayp'u' tata Ignacio, camisac tata.
Ignacio: Walic tata, buenas noches tata... Aca chekar kont'asim...
L: Waliquiw tata...wali thayaw tata, nayarojj wal thayjitu,janiw cunas luradjamgquiti.2
I: Jis tata, wali thayawa, jichhgrojj janiw lupejj lupquiti, inaskhargrojj lupchini.
.
L: Ucapf, inas khargrojj jallojj purchini, cunalaycutejj janiwqhunojj purquiti.
Jis tata, nayanjj masgrojj yap lurafiajjgnwa, ucampis jalluwwal puri, ucat jan lurcti, inas jutir miercolesajj lurchi.
L: Nayanjj masUrojj Chuquiag sarafiajjgnwa, ucampis autow janutjquiti, ucat jan sarcti, inas khargrojj sarcti.
Vacanacamajj utjiti?
nsa, quimsakallkowa, mank'aw jan utjquiti, jichharmanthejjuywa mank'ar saraliajjgnwa, uywa mank'ajj wali carowa.
Qhitins uywa mank'ajj utji?
L: Tata Domingon utji, wali caroruw aljitu.3
Jisa, uywa mank'ajj carowa.
L: Ay tata, Ignacia, may achicasifi munsma, jumanjj uywa mank'ajjutjiwa, nayajj alasifi munta.4
Cunach tata?
L: Tata, jumajj juyranac imascapintawa, juyrajjaw jan utjquiti,wawanacajjarojj mank' at autjapjje, ay tata Ignacio yanapt'itey,juyramay aljt'ita.5
Ay ucaw tata, juyrajj janiquiw walj utjquiti, caacharaquia-nisti?6
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LESSON XXIV - Dialogue
L:
L:
Aljeaquitay tata, pg arrob chtokec munta.7
8ma rat suyt'it chhU.
253
(Ignaciojj warmipam7 parliriw yakha utar sari)9
Ucapi, kawkha cargsa10
muntajja?
Mg carga munta, nayanjj uywa mank'ajj imafiajjgnwa, ucampis 7anlwimcti, inas jutir marajj imehi, nayan orakeacajjajj walljIsc'anacawa, janiw uywa mank'ajj imadjamgquiti.11
I: nsa, nayajj janiw kollker aljail muncti 000 Jumanjj azucaramajj-fl
utjiwa, azucaramp uywa mank'amp turceigni, waliquiti?"
IL: Waliquiw tata, uqhgmajj azucar apani.
I: Waliquiwa 000 Kakha libra azucarsa in carga uywa wank' at
churitgtajja?
- Pg tune pheskan libra.
NOTES
11111MIN,...
1 AssuLipmnu'good evening'
2 g242kLlaingslEglaillIgIi. 'There is nothing to be done.'
-iama- idfter arrinfiaitille,ending (with the loss of final vmsel of
the infinitive ending),indicates possibility or opportunity of
performing the action; in the negative, the compound negative suffix
-4_ guiti is added (cf. Lesson III).
e.g. Thaeuelj lurail'amawa. 'The road is ready (in condition) to br.laid.'
3 Wall caroruw aljitu.'He sold it to me at a very high price.'
'at a price, for pesos' is expressed by -ru.
4 ay_achicasia munsma. 'I have a favor of you.' achicasifia/achicafia
'to request, ask'
5 imassa2intwa 'You are always saving' imalla 'to save;' -Rini:- placed
after the infinitive stem and before personal endings.
alleita 'sell me some (just for awhile)'
-t'a- infix attached to the verl%' stem connotes a limited space of tire.
e.g. sart'a 'I will go (for a moment).'
6 AcharastiiicanzgrALti? 'What are we to do ?'
7 Aljeaquitay 'So sell me some (for thu while).' C. note 5 above.
garrelch'okec munta. 'I only want two twentyfive pound weights
of potatoes;' -c 'only'
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254
LESSON XXIV - Dialogue - Notes
6 'Wait just a moment.'
9 'another, other'
10 carga 'load' (cf. Spanish carga).
11 orake 'ground, terrain'
12 Iasi''aniw kollker al'afi munct 'I don't want to sell it for money.'
Cf. note 3 above.
turqui 'change;' turcafia 'to change,exchange, barter'
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LESSON XXV - Pa tunca 2heskanir leccioaa
Vocabulary - Arunaca
awatiri pastor shepherd
castsllano (castillgnu) castellano Spanish
caturi pescador fisherman
koneasitia (ru) sentarse to sit down
1-holliri agricultor ploughman, farmer
pantjasitia equivocarse to be mistaken
phayiri cocinera cook
tonko malz corn
utachiri albeil builder
apuchiri lebrndor worker
Grammar - Suma parlanataqui
I. Imperfect negative:sarana
1 sareqgta sarckyltanti sarapcgvgtanti
sarcgtanti sarcantanti sarapcgntanti
sarapavftti
sarapcatanti
2 sarcavgtati sPr42.21111121i.
sarcgntati sarapcRntati
sarcRnti sarapauti
Analysis: all but third person formstverb stem + (plural infix) + negative -ea- + 7aym7 +ending + negative -ti.
or: all forms except the first person forms:verb stem + (plural infix) + -ca- + -an- + ending + -ti.1st person forms: verb stem + (plural infix) + -ca- +-atan- + -ti.(N.B. Rudimentos gives this form without -n- before theending: e.g. jumaii sarcgtati.)
The endings are identical to those of the imperfect positive(cf. lesson XXIII).
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LESSON XXV - Grammar
II. -la 'over, because of
e.g. itua.pjj-jani2y;ashsttti. 'He wasn'tchildren.'
The of ucat 'therefore' also has this Irvaning:because of that.'
256
crying over his
'for that,
III. Infinitives may serve as nouns and may be combined with nominalsuffixes:
e.g. Ju anaca aniw is ealisifiam t'ant' lurafiam'They didn t teach me how to wash clothes or make bread.
aticha cOnti.
IV. On the use of -rig cf. grammar, lesson VI.
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscufia
M. Nayajj janiw Chuquiag sarcaygtti.
E. Nayajj janiw Chuquiag saraygtti.
N. jupajj
E. Jupajj janiw Chuquiag sarcgnti.
jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj janiw Chuquiag sarapcanti.
M. aymar yatekapc4nti
E. Jupanacajj janiw aymar yatekapcgnti.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj janiw aymar yatekcgygtati.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj janiw aymar yatekcUylltanti.
M. alasifi armascOyUtanti
E. Jiwasajj janiw alasifi arnasaygtanti.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj janiw alasifi armasipayOtti.
jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj janiw alasin armasipeRyntnliti.
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LESSON XXV - Substitution Drill
M. kollk chhaitayasipcgyHtanti
E. Jiwasanacajj janiw kollk chhakayasipaygtanti.
N. jupajj
E. Jupajj janiw kollk chhakayascHnti.
jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj janiw kollk chhakayasipcHygtati.
E4 pantjasipcgygtati
E. Jumanacajj janiw alasii paatjasipcgygtati.
1!. nayajj
E. Nayajj janiw alasii pantjascgygtti.
N. Jupajj janiw eawr kapcHnti.
E. Jupajj janiw eawr kapcgnti.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj janiw t'awr kapcgygtati.
N. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj janiw t'awr kapayHtanti.
N. ponch sawcHyHtanti
E. Jiwasajj janiw ponch sawaygtanti.
N. nayajj
E. Nayajj janiw ponch sawcHyHtti.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj janiw ponch sawupcHnti.
mamapat llaquisipcgnti
E. Jupanacajj janiw mamapat llaquisipcgnti.
jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj janiw mamamat llaquisipaygtati.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj janiw mamasat llaquisipcgygtanti.
M. wawasat jachapcgygtanti
E. Jiwasanacajj janiw wawasat jachapcgygtanti.
14. jupajj
E. Jupajj janiw wawapat jachcHnti.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj janiw wawajjat jachcHygtti.
257
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TaaRApdTsure (uuTsnu) dmemn dmmitioTr pranbuanAn emAn mTuup frepeuuu ccoansua
TauulHAnoduanT 1(Emmani).
zeueqopu ccenbuluan mTuvf cpuzuuusumTP qoapsua
(uTuudu) Ta manAgauu du ll
mn crenbeauTant mTuuC ppesumTC CragauumaRsull
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(unnaAu) TalEARoake
TTociao Cfenbuloapaa mTuef rpeAuu cgoanakem
Im/Ilerra.
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Z9Z
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(uueanT) ouueqopu mTuu? Ppetaup -auetec taut ansTuf Taut CcoanaAuu Crupuuum
UPC( uopeidul03 - AXX mossaa
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.263
LESSON XXV - Questions and AnswersNegative
M. Pasir semanajj jupanacajj janiw yap, luraliataquajj arad alasipcYnt.":.
E. nsa, pasir semanajj juraaacajj janiw yap 11.1rafiataquejj aradalasipcHnti.
M. Tata Pablo, masUrojj cawcs sarHyHtajja?
E. Janiw cawcs sarcHyHtti.
M. .Mama Maria, jumamp phuchamampejj masayp'ojj ane mank'apjOyHtati^
E. janiwimank'apayHtti..
M. MasUrojj jumanacajj is t'ajjsipjOyHtati?
E. Janiw t'ajjsipcHyHtti.
M. Tata, jiwasanacajj nayarmanthejj yapunac lurapjOyHtanti/
E. Janiw lurapcHyatanti
M. Mama Teresa, nayajj maarmanthejj machak isinac ch'ucuyHtti?
E. Janiw ch'uccHyHtati.
M. Pasir marajj.Pedromp Joseampejj ChugUlag sarapjjHnti?
E. Janiw sarapcHnti.
M. Jumanacajj pasir phajjsejj Achacach sarapjgyHtati?
E. janiw sarapc6qtati.
N. Mama Maria, nanacajj masUrojj.cuns lurapjjayata?
E. Janiw cuns lurapaygtati.
.1allu,lasgrulanthejj jumajj cuns luraAzajja?
E. Janiw cuns lurcHyHtti.
N. Tata Juan, yokanacamajj cuns lurapjOna?
E. Janiw cunsqurapanti.
M. NayrUrojj jiwasanacijj cuns lurapjjtlyHtan?
E. Janiw cuns lurapayatanti.
Dialogue - Cuento
Marta:
Mama:
Marta:
NARTAJJ WAJCHA YOKALLAT MAN PAR AVISI
Mamay, masUrojj ma yokall agyata, wali llaquita, ucat tayajjwal Ilaquista.
Qhitis uca yokallajja?
Janiw yatcti, jupajj wali thantha isinacamp isthapitHnwa, lluch'-upajj janiw machaacHnti, janiraquiw wisqhupas utjcHnti. Cami-sapajj wall k'adenwa, jupajj wal jachka.4
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4792
an2oTeTa - AXX NOSS'I
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LESSON XXV - Dialogue - Notes
3 'aijieisuirth'arj...a.sAysani. 'without a father and without a mother.
pwqui 'father' (mate formal than tats).
tavca 'mother'
.1.42 'without' -ni indicates possession
qhitincpachasa 'where is he from?' pacha indicates time, place.
4 waichapachawa 'he must be an orphan.' dacha here means 'ought to be'
the conversion of the noun to a verb stem is accomplished by
lengthening the final vowel of the noun.
ughMmapiniw 'always thus' 'always'
5 inasencsaccili. 'lie is probably in the streets.'
6 ____x_.antiamawaUcaokall. 'You must go to see that boy.' Lit. 'You
must go to that boy's (place) '
7 Yavajt_laniw ttaichanacat llaquiscavatti. 'I wasn't very sad about
orphans.' Ch -t, cf. Grammar notes to this lesson.
jiwana 'to die'
8 cusisiraquiniva 'lie will also be happy.' Infinitive cusisii5a.
9 Inas ian kollk astafiasacchiniti. 'Perhaps we won't have to spend
money' Cf. Spanish astar 'to spend, waste.'
10 Wel mankfat awtipacha. 'He should be very hvngry.' Cf. above note 4.
11 EraishanacalitlagitasiZgalainim. 'We must always remember the orphans.'
amtasifia 'to remember.' The use of the suffix -t(iia) 'of, about'
parallels the Spanish expression acorclarse de. -nuni- 'certainly,
always' is attached to the pronominal suffix in nominal constructions
or to the personal endings in verbs - before -wa.
e.g. lighymaiatm 'It's always that ray.'
sarljapiniwa. 'I'll certainly go.'
acapacha 'world' (literally, 'this place')
cunavmani kinds, various'
12 laka 'then fast laka + ya
isyslatimallal the verbal infix -ta- conveys the meaning of 'beginning
the action' cf. Lesson XV. After a verb of motion, the -ri form is
required, note change of .7a- .in,j-PfifiitiveLstems tee 4i- before -ri:
e.g. irpta- / it tiri.
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LESSON XXVI - pa tunca sotitlaiLkst.iona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
junt'u
khatifia
khepata
nayrakata
ucapacha
ucchaficama
ucqha
ucsa
ucspacha(pacha MatNNE place,
time')
caliente
cosinar
despu4s, en seguida
primero
ese tiempo
mientras tanto
ese momento
al rato
inmediatamente
Granmar-smaushaEtEati
266
hot
to cook
after, immediately
first
that time
in the meantime
that moment
immediately
at once, immediately
I. Namanaylal<at isthapisi, ucat mare sara. 'First I'll get dressed, then
I'll go to the village.'
N.B. Before ucat, the verb may lose its final vowel, except when the
final vowel is long.
II. Hodels for subordinate clauses:
(a) Fuel jaa_tpEhayztnayait_p_c2LsotalasY. 'As soon as I (will)
arrive (when I arrive), I'll buy myself some bananas.'
Future verb + jan + future verb ± ucspachaw 'as soon as, immediately'
(b)
The final vowel of the verb may be elided if it is not long.
e.g. Khatin (khatini) 9cspachaw, mank'asifiUni. 'As soon as lie cooks,
ata. ia uri a ucsaw, navalEFYiEher arrives, I'll plant flowers.'
''As soon asrt i:nkaranacayrliia-ipana (attached to the verb stem) describes the action of a subject
other than that of the main clause.
N.B. The noun or pronoun representing the subject of the subo:dinptcl
clause loses its final vowel when followed by -ipana:
e.g. Juan purinipan... 'When Juan arrives...'
Nay parlipan... 'When T
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267
LESSON XXVI - Grammar
e.g ETata/IT.AER2nEataz'tEW_s_aggsanac ayrllta. 'When your fathc:..
arrives, you'll plant flowers.'
Cullacap puripan ucsaw, jupajj mank'phavani. 'When his sister
arrives, he'll cook the food.'
iwasaii Pelot anatanni. 'When'our uncleTios puri an ucsaT7
arrives, we'll play ball.'
When the subject of a subordinate clause with -ipana ucsaw is plural in
number, the plural infix -pjj- precedes -ipana to form -pliepana and is
attached to the infinitive stem:
e.g. pillgalsajj nuripj4epan ucsaw, navajj pankaranac ayrg. 'As soon as
the friends arrive, I'll plant flowers.'
Amigonacajj jutapjjepan ucsaw,... 'As soon as the friends cone,...'
-ipana may be attached to non-verbs as well:
e.g. IntialstadawcsawnLLvaankaranac ayrU. 'While it is sta.:rise,
I'll plant, flowers.'
(c) ktaiilajauldan ucchaficamaw, nayajj kapU. 'While my father is
talking, I'll spin.'
-ca- attached to the verb stem.indicates an action contemporaneous
with that of the verb in the main clause. The personal endings of the
future tense (minus their final vowel) follow -ca-. The subject of the
subordinate clause is different from that of the main clause; either
the adverb ucchai'!camaw 'in the meantime,' ucohaw 'that moment , or
ucapachaw 'that time' may be used in this construction:
e.g. aystaZall purcan ucapachau, vap Tura. °While it is raining,
I'll work the fields.'
Juppnagaiii_jall eur can ucapachmt_y_alamiimi. 'While it is
raining, they'll work the fields.'
Andres purcgnasshawtramaijrag.. 'When Andrgs
arrives (at the time), I'll buy one fat sheep.'
mpjscitcaichaJuw.cdspali mackak isinac alaoini. 'When you arrive,
he'll buy himself new clothes.'
Jiwas purcafign uclaiertZtimaiisuma eant'anac mank'ani. 'When we
airiire, he'll eat some good bread.'
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268
LESSON XXVI - Grammar
(d) JilailatklleiatrtAyaith.urarqt?Y. 'After my brother
works the field, I too will work the field.'
The subjects of both clauses are not identical; the infix -raqui- appears
between the infinitive stem and the future tense endings.
SUNNARY
(a) 'as soon as I...,I...' = purl tan nayati
Different subject in both clauses or same subject.
(b) 'as soon as he..., = uri an ucsaw, na ati
Different subject in each clause.
(c) 'while he/it..., = ...-ca- ucchaficamaw, navati
Different subject ineach clause.
...:92=RSELEELMALEli
(d) 'after he..., I...' =
DiffeIt,tt subject in each clause.
III. In interrogative sentences, the particle -ti may be attached to the
adverb:
e.g. Purlt:antucsachat'l.,u.mattr2icotalasY? 'When you arrive,
are you going to buy bananas?'
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscufia
Nayajj nayrakat isthapisY, ucat jarekasY.
E. Nayajj nayrakat isthapisY, ucat jarekasY.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj nayrakat isthapisYt, ucat jarekasYta.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj nayrakat isthapisipjjan, ucat jarekasipjjani.
M. kawr awatipjjani
E. Jupanacajj nayrakat isthapisipjjan, ucat kawr awatipjjani.
N. j iwasaj j nayrakat yap luraflUn
E. Jiwasajj nayrakat yap lurann t!eat Itawr, awatifigni.
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262
LESSON XXVI - Substitution Drill
jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj nayrakat yap lurapjjgt, ucat kaWr awatilijjgta.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj.naYrakat yap lurg, ucat"kawk.awati..
N. aymar yatekI
E. Nayajj nayrakat yap lurg, ucat aythar yatekg.
M. jupajj nayrakat cart kellkan
E. Jupajj nayrakat cart kellkan, ucat aymaryatekani
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj nayrakat cart kellkapjjg ucat aymar yatekapjjg.
jiwaSanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj nayrakat cart kellkapjjafigni.
M. ch'oke yap khechlapjjaagni
E. Jiwasanacajj nayrakat cart Lellkapjjaagni, ucat choke yap khech'ap-1'jjahgni.
M. jiwasajj nayrakat mank'afign
E. Jiwasajj nayrakat mank'afign, ucat ch'oke yap khech'afigni.
jumajj
E. Jumajj nayrakat mank'gt, ucat ch' oke yap khech'gta.
N. Nayajj, jail purcan ucapachaw, tiojjan utap visitir sarg.
E. Nayajj, jail purcan licapachaw, tiojjan utap visitir sarg.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj, jail purcan ucapachaw,'tiopan utap visitir sarani.
M. jilapan isinacap t'ajjsini
E. Jupajj, jail purcan ucapachaw, jilapan isinac p t'ajjsini.
M. jiwasajj, suma junt'Ucan
E. Jiwasajj, suma junt'Ucan ucapachaw, jilasan isinicap t'ajjsingni.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj, suma junt'Ucan ucapachaw, jilapan isinicap eajjsipjjani.
escuel ut utachapjjani
E. Jupanacajj, suma junt'Ucan ucapachaw, escuel ut utachapjjani.
nayajj, kollkenicg ucapachaw,
E. Nayajj, kollkenkg ucapachaw, escuel ut utachg.
jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj, kollkenYpcgt ucapachaw, escuel ut utachapjjgta.
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270
LESSON XXVI - Substitution Drill
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj, kollkenYpca ucapachaw, escuel ut utacha;jja.M. walja machak isinac alasipjja
E. Nanacajj kollkenipca ucapachaw, walja machak isinac alasipjja.N. jiwasajj trabajcafian
E. Jiwasajj, trabaj caiUin ucapachaw, walja machak isinac alasifiani.M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj, trabajapcafian ucapachaw, walja machak isinacalasipjjafiani.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj, trabajcat ucapachaw, walja machak isinac alasYta.M. machak ut utachasYta
E. Jumajj, trabajcat ucapachaw, machak ut utachasita.M. Int jalsunipan, ucsaw, nayajj pankaranac aye'.E. Int jalsunipan ucsaw, nayajj pankaranac ayrU.M. jiwasajj
E. Int jalsunipan ucsaw, jiwasajj pankaranac ayrufiani.N. jupajj
E. Int jalsunifTn ucsaw, jupajj pankaranac ayruni.M. aymar yatichani
E. Int jalsunipan ucsaw, jupajj aymar yatichani.
M. int jalantipan ucsaw, nanacajj
E. Int jalantipan ucsaw, nanacajj aymar yatichapjja.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Int jalantipan ucsaw, jiwasanacajj aymar yatichapjjafiNni.M. jumajj
E. Int jalantipan ucsaw, jumajj aymar, yatichata.
N. chawll manktata
E. Int jalantipan ucsaw, jumajj chawll manklata.
M. tata Pedrojj purin ucsaw
E. Tata Pedrojj purin ucsaw, jumajj chawll manleata.
M. nanacajj
E. Tata Pedrojj purin ucsaw, nanacajj chawll manktapjja.
M. jupajj
E. Tata Pedrojj purin ucsaw, jupajj chawll stank' ani.,
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LESSON XXVI - Substitution Drill
ovej qharini
E. Tata Pedrojj purin ucsaw, jupajj ovej qharini.
M. mama Maria puripan
E. Mama Maria puripan ucsaw, jupajj ovej qharini.
N. nanacajj
E. Mama Maria puripan ucsaw nanacajj ovej qharipjjg.
EL Pablojj, Chuquiagur purin jan purin ucspachaw, sombrer alasini.
E. Pablojj, Chuquiagur purin jan purin ucspachaw, sombrer alasini.
N. jumajj
E. Jumajj, Chuquiagur purMt jan purMt ucspachaw, sombrer alasMta.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj, Chuquiagur purin jan purin ucspachaw, sombrer alasini.
M. tatapamp parlani
E. Jupajj, Chuquiagur purin jan purin ucspachaw, tatapamp parlani.
M. nanacajj yap luraii tucuyapjjg jan tucuyapjjg
E. Nanacajj, yap lurafi tucuyapj0 jan tucuyapjjg ucspachaw, tatajjampparlapjjg.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj yap lurad tucuyg jan tucuya ucspachaw, tatajjamp par1H.
M. vacanac aljg
E. Nayajj, yap luran tucuyg jan tucuyg ucspachaw vacanac aljg.
jupanacajj mank'apjjan jar. mank'apjjan
E. Jupanacajj, mank'apjjan jan mank'apjjan ucspachaw, vacanac aljapjjan5..
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj, mank'afign jan mank'afign ucspachaw, vacanac aljafigni.
jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj, mank'apjjan jan mank'apijan ucspachaw, vacanac aljapjjani.
M. yap khollir jutapjjani
E. Jupanacajj, mank'apjjan jan mank'apjjan ucspachaw, yap khollirjutapjjani.
isthapisipjjan jan isthapisipjjan
E. Jupanacajj, isthapisipjjan jan isthapisipjjan ucspachaw, yapkhollirejj jutapjjani.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj, isthapisipjjgt jan isthapisipjjgt ucspachaw, yapkhollirejj jutapjjgta.
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rcednir
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stuvfpiviemes creovuedric mvmeousgoon
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pnr cra1nfoq4 deL gmegovdson 4sTdvq3sT met' zsTdeqlsT gpreAvm
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ITTaa uo-prilT3sqns IAXX NOSSRI
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273
LESSON XXVI - Substitution Drill
H. jiwasajj
Jilajjajj cafe umcan uca khepat, jiwasajj caft umaraquiLani.
M. merk'e sill asquichaaani
E. Jilajjajj cafe umcan uca khepat, jiwasajj merkve sill asquichelni,
M. jallojj purcan uca khepat
E. Jallojj purcan uca khepat, jiwasajj merk'e sill asquichaani."
M. nanacajj
E. Jallojj purcan uca khepat, nanacajj merk'e sill asquichapjja.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jallojj purcan uca khepat, jumanacaij merk'e sill asquichapjjata.
M. jiwasanacajj mank' phayaii yAtichap,I;jaEhni
E. Jallojj purcan uca khepat, jiwasanacajj mank' phayala yatichapjjaatni.
M. pelot anatapjjaan uca khepat
E. Pelot anatapjjaaan uca khepat; jiwasanacajj milk! phayaa yatichapjja-
Joseajj
E. Pelot anatan uca khepat, Joseajj mank' phayad yatichani;
M. jumamp warmimampejj
E. Pelot anatapjjat uca khepat, jumamp warmimampejj mank' phayailyatichapjjata.
M. nayamp cullecajjampejj
E. Pelot anatapjja uca khepat, nayamp cullacajjampejj mank' phayayatichapjja.
M. nayajj chaull cat!"
E. Pelot anata uca khepat, nayajj chawll catU.
M. jumajj
E. Pelot anatat uca khepat, jumajj chawl]. catata.
Completion Drill - Arunacphokachafia
Replace the underlined forms to agree with the subject of the main verb:
e.g. Purl__un.Y ucspachaw nayajj pokot alasY.
t........m11..011Y.OMMINI*0ucspachaw jumajj pokct alasTta. Purit jan purlt
ucspachaw jupajj pokot alasini. Purin jan purin
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LESSON XXVI - Completion Drill
ucspachaw
ucspachaw
ucspachaw
ucspachaw
ucspachaw
jiwasajj pokot alasifigni.
pelot anatapjjafiHni
pelot anatapjjff.
pelot anatapjjHta.
pelot anatapjjani.
purifign jan purian
puripjjaan janpuripjjafiHn
puripjjU jan puripjffli
puripjjat janpuripjjHt
puripjjan janpuripjjan.
e.g.,Tatajjajj patican,ucchaficama*, nayajj kapli.
Tatamajj (patlafia) ucchaficamaw, jumajj is t'ajjsYta. parlcan
Mamapajj (jutafia) ucchaficamaw, jupajj yap lurani. jutcan
Mamasajj (iutafia) ucchaficamaw, jiwasajj yap lurafigni. jutcan
Pedrojj ut(plchalia) ucchaficamaw, jiwasanacajj jarekasipjjaani.pichan
Pedroj j (umafia)" ucchaficamaw, nanacajj isinacch'ucupjjL. umcan
Mariajj uywanacar mank' (churafia) ucchaficamaw, jumanacajjyap khollipjjUta. churcan
Mariajj wanc'unac (qharifia) ucchaficamaw, jupanacajj kawrawatipjjani. qharcan
e.g. Jilajjajj yap lurcan uca khepat nayajj yap luraraquY.
Jilamajj yap (lurafia) uca khepat jumajj yap luraraquYta. lurcan
Susanajj mank' (phayafia) uca khepat Carolinajj mank' phayaraquini.
phaycan
Mamasajj ut (pichafia) uca khepat jiwasajj ut picharaquifigni.
pichcan
Mariajj koll (sarafia) uca khepat jiwasanacajj kot sarapjjaraquifiUni.
sarcan
Jilajjajj uca khepat nanacajj parlapjjaraquY. parlcan
Tata Pablojj (isthapisifia) uca khepat jumanacajj isthapisipjjaraquita.
isthapiscan
Tata Joseajj (isthapisifo) uca khepat jupanacajj isthapisipjjaraquini.
isthapiscan
It?
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LESSON XXVI -
275
Questions and Answers - Jisceananacampi ivaw sadaracampi
Positive - Chekanaca
Jumajj nayrakat isthapisYt, ucat marc saratati?
E. Jisa, nayajj nayrakat isthapisY, ucat marc sand..'
Nayrakat jupajj ut pichani ucatti mank'ani?
E. Jisa, nayrakat jupajj ut pichani,'udit mank!'ani.
N. Nayrakat jumanacajj cafe umapjjata,ucat aymar yatekapjjatati'
E. Jisa, nayrakat nanacajj cafe umapjja, ucat aymar yatekapjjR.
M. Jumajj nayrakat ovej jaqhut, ucatti mank'ata?
E. Jisa, nayajj nayrakat oVejanac jaqh11, ucat mank'..
Purit jan purYt ucspachat, jumajj pokot alasYtati?
E. Jisa, purl jan pue. ucspachaw, pokot alasi.
M. Jumanacajj puripjjat jan puripjjata ucspachat, pelot anatapjjata?
E. Jisa, puripjja jan puripjja ucspachaw, pelot anatapjja.
Jilamajj yap lurani uca khepat, jumajj yap luraragatati?
E. Jisa, jilajajj yap lurcan'uca khepat, nayajj luraraquY.
N. Ana Mariajj monk' phaycan uca khepat, Carolinajj phayaraquiniti?
E. Jisa, Ana Maria mank' phaycan uca khepat, Carolinajj phayaraquini.
M. Tata, jumajj utamar purYt ucspachat, pokot alaeta?
E. Jisa, ucspachaw alasi.
Marcar purian jan puriRah ucspachat, t' ant' mank'afiani*
E. Jisa, ucspachawmank'afiani.
H. Tatamajj parlcan ucchaacamajj, cuns jumajj lurata?
E. Nayajj kapliwa.
M. Tatasajj parlcan ucchaficamajj, cuns lurapjjalani?
E. Quesomp t'ant'amp mank'apjja:tani.
1. Jilamajj yap lUrcan uca khepat, cuns luatajje
E. yap luraraqu7.
Nayajj mank' phayca ucchaiicamajj, jumanacajj cuns lurapjjata?
E. Ist'ajjsipjja.
Susanajj koll sarcan uca khepatjj cuns jiwasanacajj lurapjjaani?
E. Jawir is t'ajjsiriw sarapjjgfiani.
Jupajj pokot mank' an uca khepat, jumajj mank'araquitati?
E. Jisa, mank'araquYwa.
16,
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276
LESSON XXVI - Questions and AnswersPositive
M. Jumanacajj jawiran jarisipjjgt uca khepat, nanacajj jarisipjjaraqati?
E. Jisa, jarisipjjaraqatawa.
Nayajj yapu lurafi tucuy1 uca khepat, mart sargti?
E. Jisa, sar1tawa.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA ANDRESAJJ MACHAK CALAMIN ALANI
Santiago: Tata Enrique, jichhgruw tata Andresajj utachani, juparyanapir sarafiasawa...
Enrique: Ay ucawa, nayrakat habas yap khech'afi tucuyg, ucat sang.
S: Ay tata, nayajj jisc'a ut asquichafi mungygta, ucampis janiw.asquichcti, inas jutir lunesajj asquicbchY. Jichhajjkhech'afi tucuyg jan tucuyh ucspachaw, tata Andresar yanapisari!.
E: Calamingniti, jan ucajj jichhgnicha?1
S: Calamingniwa, pasir domingow tata Andresajj calamin alani.Utachafi tucuyan jan tucuyan ucspachaw, fiest lurani.2
E: Ay tata, uqhgmajj tata Andresajj wali kollkeniwa.
S:
E:
S:
E:
S:
E:
S:
E:
S:
E:
Jisa, jupajj pg tunc liq'i vacanac alji, uca kollkempiwcalamin ali, uca kollkempiraNiw fiest lurani.
Tata Andresan jilir yokapajj cuartelat mistjjeti?3
Janiraw mistiquiti, inas jutir phajjsejj mistchini. Yokapcjjcuartelanccan ucchaficama machak ut utachani.
Yohapajj yatiti?
Janiw yatquiti. Jupajj yatin jan yatin ucspachaw, machak utufijirejj jutani.
Cuna sutinis cuartelancquis uca yokapajja?4
Franciscowa. Jupajj cuar:elat purincan jan purincan ucspachaw,casarasini.5
Qhitimpis casarasini?
Tata Lucasan sullca phuchapampiw casarasini.
Uqhgmajj tata Andresar yanapir sarafigni...
NOTES
1 'Is it of tin or oil: straw?'
2 Fiest lurana 'to have a fiesta.' Cf. Spanish hacer una fiesta.
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277
LESSON XXVI - Dialogue - Notes
3 Cuartelat mistijeti? 'Has he left the barracks?' Spanish cur
'barracks;' mistuila 'to leave.' The.suffiz -t 'from' parallels Itz
Spanish construction salir del cuartel,
4 'What is the name of that son who is in the barracks?'
5 Casarasiaa 'to get married.' Cf. Spanish casarse.
TATA ANDRESAJJ MACEAK UT UTACHI
Pedro: Santiago, tata Andresajj jichhliruw utachani, lak yanapir
sarafiani. .4
Santiago: Nayrakat aca babas yap khech'afi tucuyg, ucat utacha i7. yanapir
sara.
P: Nayajj jichhpachaw sarg,1
cuLalaycutejj utachirinacajj
tucuyapjjan ucspachaw, umapjjani.
S: Ay tata,. nayaij khech'afi tucufiajjanwa, ucampis umaw janutjquiti, qhaya jisc'a jawiran wafiawa, lupiw wal lupi, ucatumaj j vaaa.2
P: Aqhamajjg, niy jallojj purifiapawa, inas jutir semanajj
purchini
S: Juman yapunacamajj janit khech'alaggui?3
P: Utjiwa. MasUruw nayajj yapunacajj khech'Hyata, jichhUrojjjaniw khech'cati, cunalaycutejj ut utachafi yanapafiajjawa.
S: Uqhamajj jumajj sarcam tata, nayajj khech'afi tucuya uca khepat,
juta.
P: Clavonacemajj utjiti? Pasir domingojj tata Andresajj janiwwalja clavonac alasinquiti, calamin utataquejj walja clavowmunasi. Nayajj clavompiw tata Andresar yanapee munta.4
S: Ay ucawa. Nayan utajjarojj p'1 kil clavow manti.5
Ay tata Santiago, nayanjj aca lawanac6
lak apafiajjawa.
S: Waliquiwa, ughamajj nayaw apanY.7
(Tata Santiagojj khech'afi tucuyasaj j warmipampiw parli)
S: Mankvasifianiti? Habas khech'afijj tucuyjjtiga,8jichhajj utachir
sarafiajjawa, cunalaycutejj.tata Andresaw utachan --sawa.
Mama: JanYraw mank'ajj khatitaquiti, khatin ucspachaw manklasifiani.9
S: Tata Pedrojj clavonac alafi muni --siva. waliquiti?
Mama: Aljamsaya, clavojj utjascaraquisg.10
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LESSON XXVI - Dialogue
S:
Mama:
S:
Mama:
S:
278
Waliquiw, uqhamajj app..
Acajj mank'ajj Santiago, manleasim, ucatsti utachafi yanapirsaram.
lyaw mank'asi, jumajj jayp'uruw jut.1ta.
Waliquiw jutawa.
Sarawaya, uywanac sum ufi jata.1
NOTES
1 .jichhpacha 'right now.'
2 wafia 'dry°
luniw wal_LTai 'the sun burned a lot.'
3 janit khPch'aOrui? 'won't you have to irrigate?'
Note the shLft of negative -ti from the verb to jani in negativeinterrogati.Je statements.
4 clavo (calawu) 'nail.' Cf. Spanish clavo.
munasifia to be needed' (lit. 'to be wanted').
yanapeafia: the infix -tea- after the verb stem and before the
infinitive/pel.sonal ending indicates 'permission.'
e.g. mia 'to leave'misteafia 'to permit to leaver
5 mantaila ru] 'to go in, enter.'
6 laws 'stick, log°
7 tucuyasajj (infinitive tucuyaaa 'to (cause to) finish') 'having
finished': a participle whose subject is the same as that of the
verb and whose tense Aspect is determined by that
The
8 t:::y:111::: after
express the notion of completion: e.g. luri 'he
9 khatita 'cooked': passive
participle of khatifia 'to cook'.
main
of the main verb.
the verb stem can
did' /lurjjewa 'hedid it all'
The passive participle is formed by
replacing the infinitive ending by -ta.
10 AlIat.isaNa 'sell them' . Infinitive stem + msa + /A;11 sum uivaiis. 'to take good care of.'
pl. aijapidr .
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279
LESSON XXVII - Pd tunca pakallkonir leaciona
Grammar - Suma parlafiataoui
I. Constructions using camachaila 'to do something' with the dubitat.iyefuture.Infinitive stem + (plural infix) + -raoui- (interrogative infix) + future
personal etidirigs + -iia.
-2g- infix indicating possibility: navaoaya 'possibly I'
-ma 'then' (optional)
e.g. Asajiat__mPetrolimarcsarafi munquiti, camacharagaila, navaoutE
sarchY. 'Pedro doesn't want to go to the village. What am I
to do? (Perhaps) I'll go.'
Construction using cunarac 'what then' + future (+ interrogative -sti/-jj
with the,ObitatiVesfuture
(a) e.g. kapcaniti, kapah!.
father will not spin. What am I to do? .perhaps I'llspin.'
-sti frequently accompanies -raouiw- in she same clause:
e.g. Kawkharae muntasti? 'How many do you want?'
(b) cunarac and the future (+
Josea"aniw Pedron uta--) iccaniti cunarac a na uYw icclY.'Josg doesn't want to sleep in Pedro's house. What am I to do?
(Perhaps) I'll sleep there.'
N.B.: tecause doubt or uncertainty is being.expressed,-wais not
attached to a future verb farm following camachaia or
cunarac. The particles -sti and -jja are both omissable.
One informant offered a contracted form camachM? 'What amI to do?'
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuha
Petronajj janiw marc saran: munquiti, camacharaquUjja, nayaqu!y sarchM.
E. Petronajj janiw marc saran munquiti, camacharaquBjja, nayaquMy sarchM.
M. jumaquMy sarchMta
E. Petronajj janiw marc saran munquiti, camacharaquhajja, jumaquMysarchMta.
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2S3
LESSON XXVII - Substitution Drill
Mamajjajj janiw kapcaniti, cunarac lurgsti, nayaquYy kapch2.
E. Mamajjajj janiw kapcaniti, cunarac lur!sti, nayaquYy kapchn
N. cunarac lurgtasti
E. Mamajjajj janiw kapcaniti, cunarac lurgtasti, jumaqay kapch2ta.
H. cunarac lurapjjanisti
E. Mamajjajj janiw kapcaniti, cunarac lurapjjanisti, jupanacaqaykapupjjchini.
M. cunarac luranisti
E. Mamajjajj janiw kapcaniti, cunarac luranisti, jumay kapchini.
Pablomp Joseampejj janiw yap khollifi munapquiti
E. Pablomp Joseampejj janiw yap khollifi.' munapquiti, cunarac luranisti,jupaqay khollchini.
M. jiwasaclay khollchifigni-
E Pablomp Joseampejj janiw yap khollifi munapquiti, cunarac lurangnisti,jiwasaqay khollchifigni.
jvpanacaqu!y khollipjjchini
E. Pablomp Joseampejj janiw yap kholliIi munapquiti, cunarac lurepjjanisejupanacaqu!y khollipjjchini.
M. nayagay khollch2
E. Pablomp Joseampejj janiw yap khollifi munapquiti, cunarac lurMsti,nayaquiy khollch2.
M. Rositajj janiw chomp p'itafi munquiti,
E. Rcsitajj janiw clomp patan munquiti, cunarac lurgsti, nayactuYyplitchl.
M. cunarac lurapjjangnisti
E. Rositajj janiw chomp p'itan munquiti, cunarac lurapjjafignisti,jiwasanacaqey p'itapjjchifiHni.
M. cunarac lurgtasti
E. Rositajj janiw chomp p'itari munquiti, cunarac lurgtasti, jumaqayp'itchita.
M. cunarac lurapjjanisti
E. Rositajj janiw chomp p'itan munquiti, cunarac lurapjjanisti, jupana-caqay p'itapjjchini.
M. cunarac lurapjjgsti
E. Rositajj janiw chomp p'itafi munquiti, cunarac lurapjjgsti, nanacaqayp'itapjjchY.
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178Z
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ApinpuumunC 6
6T4Turoays oxem mTuur CCoiqua
icznbuouuusemTc 6
4.14Turoays oxem mpur cpTcled
Asntreveuuu 4T4prezays alum mTuer PPoTcred
Apbodnr 6
6T4Tuvoius pawl mTuur rComa ApbUSUMTP 6
6T1Turoays oaten mpmc Ffoicrea
'ALlibumnc 6
4T4Tuvoies Diem mplec pcoicipa
Lgoays ApbactvuEn.Rnbuietp Zoe, 4T4Tuvoies oxein mTtrep pCovied
kicnbrouuudnc Gmnbunm uTlume imul mplup cpeuenr
Aznbvouumunc.4 4T4Tnbunm uTlvmu amul mplec Ppeuenr
AInbuavueu 4-mnbunm uTqumu impA mTuec Umenit
ApbeommsemTc--- 4T4Tnbunm gpumu atm' mprec Ueuenr
Aisnbvdnc 4-mnbunm uTqumv imeq /quer cpurrir
AisnlmsemTr 4mnbunm utivmu amex rapier cpuenr
4nbellinc smnbunm uTTeme amex mTuvp rceuenc
TTFITOBtiaemeo sp-mbunm lymmu imr1 nprep [Trim"- -1
trgetimmild veunav TTTia uoTlaTdmoo
IIAXX Nossaq
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Tupporpeantp effeu
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Opium effeueint peieun
Tufluppmes. ecceupeini oexeuno
eazgooT ecceaRinT owieuno
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poccdpeme ercpbeieCrdegoemeo
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evloCCdusnuem TasvIVIdeanT avieuno
6
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SznbesmaTc
6--- 4Tatnbunm primes qouod A-pm? crescatmv
Aphemnp 4--------tTaTuepot dean uoipea mTuec PPOSO:
cumpit vearmao ''TaTtlean dean uoapaa tiTueC cpeasor
Apbeaeuednr 6.-- gpelodeunm ummnbse sem mTuer crupeuemni
Apbeoeuemnr 'Tatadnunm uetinnbse sem a-Fuer cCeopuednf
Apbeaeura tTaTnbdeunm utleme apreq mTuef cceopueenf
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Tatnbunm upme imel mplec gescm,
Aznbedni:
gTaTnbunm geopaql apeC cpelowu
ArIllnbese&T;
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AInbuoeuzu
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Apbednc -tTaTueotioTd an mTuec rcenbTaug
ITTaa not eTdmo0 - IIAXX NNW.'
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-I4Inbuom ,vlum aedexpvip mplec cpdponem uppco2Tuiv
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1111100101111111
TTTaa uopeTdmoD IIAXX mossai
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LESSON XXVII
Questions and Answers - Jisctiananacampi iyaw sananacampi
Answer with camgchafia or cunarac.
287
M. Juanajj janit kawr awatin munoui?
E. Psa,* Juanajj janiw kawr awatin munquiti, camacharaqugjja,.rayaqu'lyawatchY.
(*N.B. An affirmative answer to a negative question begins with 4Msa.In English or Spanish, one expects the negative no.]
T. Pablojj janit mart sarcani?
E. JYsa, Pablojj janiw mare sarcaniti, camacharaquYjja, nayaquMy sarchi.
Jilauajj janit yap luran munqui?
E. Ughamawa, jilajajj janiw yap lurafi munquitY, camacharaqugjja, nayavYsarchi.
M. Amigonacasajj janit pelot anatari rUnqUi?
E. JMsa, camacharaquianejja, jiwasanacaquiy anatapchingni
N. Tatamajj janit utachcani?
E. Jisa, cunarac lurgta, jumaquiy utachMta.
M. Tomasajj janiw cart kelikan munquiti?
E. Camacharaquitajja, jumaquYy kellkchYta.
Susanajj janit Thank' wallpar churcani?
E. CamacharaquMfigni, jiwasaquMy churchingni.
M. Robertajj janiw Marian utap iccaniti"
E. Cunarac lurgjja,nayaquYy icchY.
Patriciajj janiw cafe umafi munquiti?
E. CamacharaquYtajja, jupaquY umchini.
M. Jumanacajj janiw jupanacar yanapan munapctati?
E. Cunarac lurgta, jumaquM yanapchMce.
II. M. Escual yatichirejj janiw utjquiti, camachapjjaauisa?E. Juanaquiy yatichchini.
M. Jumajj janiw vac qharifi muatati, nayajj tuns lurgjja?
E. Tata jumaquMy qharchYta.
M. Juanajj ponchonac janiw sawun munquiti, camachapjjgsa?
E. JumanacaquMy sawupjjchYta.
Jumajj mg suma sac chtucufi muntati?
F. Janiw muncti jumarlay ch'ucchk!ta.
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-6475filY - an8oTuTa
IIAXX NOSSTI
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28q
LLSSUN XXVii - Diclogu,t
Ale.: Tata Jose, jumarojj pheska patac adob lurafiamawa. Ughamaraq%.
quimsa patac cala.
Jose: Waliquiw tatanaca, nayajj uchawa.28
(Tata Joseajj take chuymaw orak churjjatajj escuel utachafiataquejj
yanapasifi muni) 29
Khept!rusti Jilakatamp Alcaldempejj Josearojj nayra orakeRgcgns
uc churjjapjje. Joseasti wa. i c'uchiquiw jicjjatasjje.3'
NOTES
1 utachafiar: infinitives, like nouns and pronouns, may take the
suffix -ru. The -ru is required with vanapafia.
takeniw 'all of them' (animate)
amtafia 'to agree'
3 jahgaiiazikagsmak (in order) to become men.'
4 tantachasna 'to get togethee! tnta 'meeting'
jawsana 'to call over
5 EgoAldjaniEy 'What are they saying?' The infinitive is
say what'.: a contraction of coma 'what' + sana to say.'
6 Iseapjjafigni 'let us listen;' infinitive ist'thia 'to listen.
7 'leader of the community'
8 arsufia 'to speak'
9 saga mavniu 'each one'
adobcam 'adobes each', -cams 'each'
10 Alcalde (alcanti) 'the mayor'
11 jiat'afia 'to ask'
12 Jupatej mmncanejja. 'If he does not want to help' Conditional
clauses are formed by the construction subject + -(te)ila...verb + ja
jimithv -nini- indicates certainty.
ucasiamaw 'regarding that' -iama- 'regarding' The final vowel of the
word preceding -iana- is dropped.
ammyafia 'to think'
C3MSRIVS.
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290
LESSON XXVII - Dialogue - Notes
13 acsgjjar paseanim 'he is passing by over here'
acsa 'over here'; ucsa 'over there'. The pronominal suffix -sa-
(with long vowel before -I-jai) indicates direction: ..
e.g. acsara 'to this side' ucsara 'to that side'
Cf. Spanish pasara.
14 oraket 'by means of land'; -ta indicates means or manner.
(Cf. expressions of the typ' navaroillmalt!ALAELlikt.)
15 Secretario general (sicritgr ginirala)
apakana 'to take away'. The verbal infix -ka- before the infinitive
ending indicates 'action away from;' e.g. apafia 'to carry/apakaha
'to take away.'
munafia 'authority; will'; munafiap ampiquiw 'on his authority.'
nayatjj 'from me.'
16 'I don't have fields to cultivate;' -n- denotes possex;ion.
17 ygmas 'at lease; (possibly the components la and mas- of masaru)
18 Cunayman ch'amampiw lit. 'with all sorts of effort.'
ch'ama 'force; difficult'
19 inttrupacas 'workdays,'lit. 'full days'; ina + uru + naca. Long
vowel results from contractions of a + u.
20 Janiwyanapasi-damacti.'I'm not in a position to help.'
- -lama- added to infinitives or -ri verb-forms introduces the meaning
of possibility or opportunity; the last vowel of the verb is elided:
e.g. lurafijamawa 'it can be done'
In the negative, the final vowel of the suffix is lengthened and the
negative -cti/7quiti attached: e.g. janiw iutiafijamgauiti
can't come; no possibility of coming.'
21 uiicateaL_giuJumarchur'ia:ietga 'If you return... 1 The infix -dja.7,.
inserted after the verb stem and before the plu-al infix, indicater,
the return of the action: e.g. iutafia 'to come'/jutjiafia 'to come
catokana, catokasifia 'to receive'icatokasjjafia vto receive (bac..1.)"
take chuvmaw 'of good will' (lit. 'all the heart')
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291
LESSON XXVII - Dialogue - Notes
22 janiw...munctaniti 'he doesn't want (to give) you'
churchYma 'I will (probably) give you.'
23 ovak catokas'iR uc hajj 'when I receive (future) the lands (back).'
Cf. above, note #21.
trahAiata (ravalafia) 'to work.' Cf. Spanish trabalar.
24 cuntedijumanacaji sanquistaji uca 'about what you have told me here.'
On safia, cf. dialogue, lesson XX.
25 yanapasiraquim 'then help'
utachananjj: the -n11.-suffil. denotes location or time when. The
suffix -Us (with elision of the preceding vowel) also emphasizes
time when.
26 alicpin u 'How good indeed that you have
consoled me this way.'
mchwliata 'to console.' Cf. chuymr. 'heart'
27 catudigmU 'I will give over.' On cf. above, note #21.
catufia 'to seizet/catuvaiia 'to deliver, give over' causative
infix)/catuvijafia 'give back.'
28 uchgwa.'I will put, contribute': infinitive uchaia.
29 orake chutialajj 'with the lands delivered over.'(passive participle)
30 kheptirusti 'the folicwing day' ( =-jutir urcjj) from khopa 'following'
+ uru 'day' + -sti.
OrakepacHns 'his lands': the suffix -VcV- (where V represents
reduplication of the preceding and following vowels to form 2 long
vowels) indicates 'place':
cf. acgca 'these places'; similarly, ucH.ca,ahurTr4 ohavaca,
The suffix -n(a)- 'location, possession' and -s(a) 'exclamation'
may be attached at the end.
c'uchi 'happy'
jisjiatafia 'to obtain, receive'
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LESSON XXVIII - pa tunca rte..mln'tallkonir lccciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
ancha
anchaquiti
casarasina
casaru
cusisifia
ch'amufia
chhakata
dulce (tulci)
jac'u
jan ucajja
j iwana
kapu
laca
manteca (mantica)
profesor (prufisura)
pughu
ucampisa
yawifia
Grammar - pa
demasiodo
ojalg
casarse
casado
alegrarse,
chupar
perdido
dulce
harina
si non
morir
huso
boca
manteca
profesor
olla
pero
segar, guadafiar
rather, too much
would that
to get married
married
estar alegre to be happy, rejoice
to suck
lost
candy
flour
if not, otherwise
to die
spindle
mouth
lard
professor
pot, pan
but
to cut, shear
I. Potential /conditional positive: 'to be able to , can
would
sarirista
s arasma
saraspa
Analysis: For all forms
sarafia
sarsna
,could.
sarapjjsnasarapiierista
sarapijasma
sarapjjaspa
except 1st person singular and plural:
infinitive stem .+ (plural infix) + -s- + personal ending.
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293
LESSON XXVIII - Grammar
1st person singular and plural: verb stem + (plural infix) + -iri-s-
+ personal endings. When the infinitive stem eads in -u-, uri-q- is
added: e.g. kaput
endings: -ta -na
-ma
-na-ta
--ma
The particles --wa and -iia may be attached to the potential positive
forms (in the 1st person singular and plural, the last vowel is elided:
sariristwa). Interrogative statements are formed by the addition of-..ti
to the personal ending (in the 1st person singular and plural, to the
last consonant: sariristti?)
After ucamisa 'but' the negative is contracted to ips; -wa is rarely
found in subordinate clauses.
e.g. Nayajj marc sariristwa, ucampis yap 'I would go
to the village, but I have to work the fields.'
JA921jAILYsutu,119St_iIELRYSIIMISI°catian125Adj121Pnk'eristYa..
'My mouth hurts,.so I don't eat meat; if not, .Y would (could) eat'
cusisiristwa.
'My father died, so I'm not happy; otherwise, I would be.'
II. Optative mood: 'would that ' To express doubt in the future,
anchaqui 'rather' is used with the future tense forms; the negative
infix -c- is inserted after the verb stem; the particle -ti is attached
to anchaqui. The particle -ti (stressed) often occurs in gd4ordinate
clauses.
e.g. Nayajj khartkoij*Chtiag sariristwa ancha.uit tatEu41i muncani
'I would go to La Paz tomorrow, I hope my father wants to (would
that my father go).'
III. Formation of passive participles: the infinitive ending is replaced
by -ta:
e.g. chhakafia 'to lose' /chhakata 'lost'
1111=110111110111111101111111111ftiolos-------.
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annosn aeunau asem - mac( uoT.Inapsqns
IIIAXX NOSS37
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295
LESSON XXVIII - Substitution Dr_11
E. Jumanacajj castellan yatekapjjasmawa, ucampis libromp cuadernompiw
jan utjquiti.
M. Nayan lacajjaw usutuo,cat jan aych manlOcti, jan uca4j
E. Nayan lacaj jaw usutu,ucat jan aych mank'cti, jan ucajj mank'eristwa.
M. jumanacan
E. Jumanacan lacamaw usupjjtam,ucat jan aych wank' apctati, jan ucafj
mank'apjjasmawa.
M. jupan
E. Jupan lacapaw usu,ucat jan aych mank'quiti, jan ucajj mank'aspawa.
M. jiwasan mamasaw jiwi, ucat jan larctanti
E. Jiwasan mamasaw jiwi, ucat jan larctanti, jan ucajj larsnawa.
M. nanacan
E. Nanacan manajjaw jiwi !mat jan larupcti, jan ucajj larupjjeristwa.
M. jupanacan
E. Jupanacan mamapaw jiwi,ucat jan larupquiti, jan ucajj larupjjaspawl,_
M. juman
E. Juman mamamaw jiwi,ucat jan larctati, jan ucajj larusmewa.
jiwasanacan ovejasaw chhakata, ucat jan jaqhupctanti
E. nuasanacaniovejasaw chhakata,ucat jan.jaqhupctanti, jan ucajj
jaqhupjjsnawa.
M. jumanecan
E. Jumanacan ovej amaw chhakata,ucat jan jaqhupctati, jan ucajj
jaqhupjja6mawa.
M. jiwasan
E. Jiwasan ovejasaw chhakata9ucat jan ja0ctanti, jan ucajj j aqhsnawa.
M. nayan
E. Nayan ovejjajjaw chhakata pcat jan jaqhcti, jan ucajj jaqhuristwa.
jupan cullacapaw casarasi, ucat jan Chuquiag sarquiti
E. Jupan cullacapaw casarasi pcat jan Chuquiag sarquiti, jan ucajj
saraspawa.
M. jupanacan
E. Jupanacan cullacapaw casarasi,ucat jan Chuquiag sarapquiti, jan
ucajj sarapjjaspawa.
M. juman
E. Juman cullacamaw casarasi, ucat jah Chuquiag sarctati, jan ucajj
sarasmawa.
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LESSON XXVIII - Substitution Drill
M. Nayajj kharUrojj Pablonmuncani.
E. Nayajj kharUrojj Pablonmuncani.
N. jupajj
E. Jupajj kharUrojj Pablonmuncani.
N. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj kharUrojj Pablon estanciapmuncani.
M. kollkejj utjcani
E. Jiwasajj kharUrojj Pablon estanciaputjcani.
M. jumajj kharayp'ojj sombrer alasismawa
E. Jumajj kharayplojj sombrer alasismawa, anchaquit kollkejj utjcani
nanacajj
E. Nanacajj kharayplojj sombrer alasipjjeristwa, anchaquit konkefjutjcani.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj kharayplojjutjcani.
M. khathojj utjcani
E. Jupanacajj kharayplojjutjcani.
H. jiwasanacajj jutir marajj chi c& aljapjjsnawa
E. Jiwasanacajj jutir marajj ch'ok aljapjjsnawa, anchaquit khathojjutjcani.
H. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj jutir marajj ch'ok aljapjjasmawa, anchaquit khathojj utjcanutjcani.
nayajj
Nayajj jutir marajj ch'ok aljiristwa, anchaquit khathojj utjcani.
296
estanciap sariristwa, anc:aquit tatajjajj
estanciap sariristwa, anchaquit tatajjajj
estanciap saraspawa, anchaquit tatapajj
sarsnawa, anchaquit tatasajj
sarsnawa, anchaquit kollkejj
sombrer alasipjjaspawa, anchaquit kollkejj
sombrer alasipjjaspawa, anchaquit khathojj
E.
EL jallojj purcani
E. Nayajj jutir marajj ch' ok aljiristwa, anchaquit jallojj purcani.
P. jupajj jutir phajjsejj yapuchaspawa
E. Jupajj jutir phajjsejj yapuchaspawa, anchaquit jallojj purcani.
M. jupajj
E. Jumajj jutir phajjsejj yapuchaspawa, anchequit jallojj purcani.
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ITTla uoTan4T4sqns - IIIAXX NOSS31
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298
LESSON XXVIII - Substitution Drill
U. jupajj
E. Jupajj ch'ok yapuchaspawa, ucampis jallow jan purquiti, ucat janyapuchquiti.
E4 nanacajj adob lurapjjeristwa
E. Nanacajj adob lurapjjeristwa, ucampis jallow jan purquiti, ucat janlurapcti.
N. jichhuw jan utjquiti
E. Nanacajj adob lurapjjeristwa, ucampis jichhuw jan utjquiti, ucat janlurapcti.
N. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj adob lurapjjasmawa, ucampis jichhuw jan utjquiti, ucatjan lurapctati.
N. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj adob lurapjjaspawa, ucampis jichhuw jan utjquiti, ucatjan lurapquiti.
N. jumajj utachasmawa
E. Jumajj utachasmawa, ucampis jichhuw jan utjquiti, ucat janutachctati.
N. calaminaw jan utjquiti
E. Jumajj utachasmawa, ucampis calaminaw jan utjquiti, ucat janutachctati.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj utachapjjsnawa, ucampis calaminaw jan utjquiti, ucatjan utachapctanti.
N. jupajj
E. Jupajj utachaspawa, ucampis calaminaw jan utjquiti, ucat jamutachquiti.
N. nayajj pouch sawuristwa, ucampis kollkew jan utjquiti
E. Nayajj pouch sawuristwa, ucampis kollkew jan utjquiti, ucat jansawcti.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj ponch sawupjjeristwa, ucampis kollkew jan utjquiti, ucatjan sawupcti.
N. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj pouch sawupjjasmawa, ucampis kollkew jan utjquiti; ucacjan sawupctati.
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TTtij uopeidmoD - IIIAXX mossaa
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LESSON XXVIII - Completion Drill
Nanacajj jutir marajjkollkew jan utjquiti.
Jumanacajj arumanthejjjac'ow jan utjquiti.
Jupanacajj arumanthejjmaatecaw jan utjquiti.
(casarasifia), ucampis
t'ant' (lurafia), ucampis
t'ant (lurafia), ucampis
Nayaj j ch'ok (yapuchana), ucampis j allow jan
purquiti ucat jan yapuchcti.
Jumajj ch'ok (ya.21Lchsila), ucampis j allow jan
purquiti ucat jan yapuchctati.
Jupajj machak utt(: utachafia),.ucampis adobew janutjquiti ucat jan utachquiti.
Jiwasajj machak ut (utachafia),.ucampis adobew jan
utjquiti ucat jan utachctanti.
Jiwasanacajj mank' (phayana), ucampis phuqhuwjan utjquiti ucat jan phayapctanti.
Nanacajj mank' (211,126A), ucampis phuqhuw jan
utjquiti ucat jan phayapcti.
Jumanacajj yap (khollifia), ucampis aradow janutjquiti ucat jan khollipctati.
Jupanacajj yap (Lhollifia), ucampis aradow janutjquiti ucat jan khollipquiti.
Lacajjaw usutu ucat jan aych mank'cti, janucajj (mank'aE2).
Tatajjaw jiwi ucat jan jan ucaj j
Jilasaw usuta ucat jan(larafia).,
Tatamau jiwi ucat jan(cusisifia).
Warmipaw wawachasi ucat jan jutquiti, jan
ucajj (iRIPA2).
Josean wawapaw usuta ucat jan kapupctanti,
jan ucajj (kapufia).
Marian phuchapaw wawachasi ucat jan sawupcti,
jan ucajj(sawufia).
Joseaw chhakata ucat jan sarapctati, jan ucajj
(sarafia).
Tiojjaw chhakata ucat jan parlapquiti, jan ucajj
(parlafia).
larctanti, jan ucajj
ctisOot'ati, jan ucajj
3C1
casorasipjjeristun
lurapjjasmawa
. lurapjjaspawa
yapuchiristwa
yapuchasmava
utachaspawa
utachsnawa
phayapjjsnawa
phayapjjeristwa
khollipjjasmawa
khollipjjaspawa
mank'eristwa
; ": :10"
cusisiristwa
larsnawa
cusisismawa
jutaspawa
kapupjjsnawa
sawupjjeristwa
sarapjjasmawa
parlapjjaspawa
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uTaa uoTaaidmoD - IIIAXX NOSSS1
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3."
LESSON XXVIII - Questions and Answers -- Jisct'auaracamri ivaldsafianagampi
M. Jumajj kharUrojj Chuquiag sarasmati?
E. Nayajj kharUrojj Chuquiag sariristuwa, anchaquit tatajjajj muncani.
N. Jupajj kharUrojj Chuquiag saraspati?
E. JTsa, jupajj kharUrojj Chuquiag saraspawa, anchaquit tatapajj muncani.
N. Tata Carlos jumajj marc sarasmati?
E. jisa, sariristwa, ucampis yap luraiiajjawa.
H. Mama;.yokamajj khath vaca aljir saraspati?
E. JMsa, saraspawa, ucampis wallpanacar mank' churaLapawa.
Jichhayp'ojj jumanacajj qhaya jach'a kotan chawli catupjjasmati?
E. Jisa catupjjeristwa, ucampis janiw sarapcgti.
M. Mama Maria, Estebanamp Patriciompejj ch'o% yapuchapjjaspati'
E. nsa, yapuchapjjaspawa, ucampis janiw munapquiti.
EL Jiwasanacajj kharUrojj qhunu Kull ma4hatapjjsnati?
E. JYsa maqhatapjjsnawa, ucampis waif thayaua.
H. Tata Lariano, cuns tata Andresan phuchapajj luraspajja?
E. Mank' phayaspa, ucampis janiw jupajj yunquiti.
Jall vial purisp ucqhajj, jumajj yapunac lul:asmati?
E. JLsa, luriristwa, ucampis purquiti.
Arumanthejj Joseajj mes luraspati?
E. nsa, luraspawa, ucampis clavow jan utjquiti.
H. Jupanacaij Chuquiag sararjjaspati?
E. nsa, sarapjjaspawa, ucampis yap khech'apjjanapawa.
1. Jupajj marc saraspati?
E. nsa, jupajj marc saraspawa, ucampis yap ...uranapawa.
M. Jumanacajj marc sarapjjafiamati?
E. nsa, nanacajj marc sarapjjeristuwa, ucampis yap lurapjjafiajjawa.
M. Jumajj dulce ch'amusmati?
E. JTsa, nayajj jichhajj dulce ch'amuristuwa, ucampis lacajjaw usutu.
M. Jiwasajj jichhajj &dee chamsnati?
E. JTsa, jiwasajj jichhajj dulce chamsnawa, ucampis lacasaw usutu.
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304
LESSON XXVIII -
Dialogue - Cuento
CRISTINAMP TOMASAMPEJJ TODOS SANTOS FIESTJJAT PARLAPJJE1
Cristina Tomasi Todos Santos fiestajj jutir semanawa, jumajj alamana-catac niy altati?
Tomas: Janiway, arumanthejj Chuquiag sariristwa, ucampis casarasirinutap ovej aych apafiajjawa.
C: Nayajj Chuquiaguruw jac'utac irayasifi munta, allchhijjaw jiui,ucat nayanjj rezayafiajjawa.3
T: Cunapachas jiwi?4 Janiw yatcHylatti.
C: Pasir phajjsiquiw jiwasqui.5 Jichhajj nayajj t'ant'a lurayafimunta.
T: Ay Cristina, camacharaouitajja, lurayasiquimaya. Jilircullajjaw Chuquiag sarani, inas jupajj jumatac irchini.
C: Nayajj Chuquiag sariristwa, ucampis yungas quimsa asnot cafiaalir saranajjawa, janit jumajj yungas sarcHtajja?6
T: Janiw jichha marajj sarati, maymarajj sarHyHtwa, waljacafianac apaniyHta. Jichhajj sariristwa, ucampis yapuchafiajjaua.
7C: Nayan yapunacajjajj janiraquiu luratHquiti, chachajjantiempopaw jan utjquiti, jupajj trabajiriw Chuquiag sarHna.
T: Fiestatac purininiti?
C: J7sa, jupajj purininiwa.
T: Janit jupajj Chuquiagut jac'u apancani?
C: Janiw apancaniti, antisas yakhanac apanini.8
T: Uqhgmajj jichha marajj walja kollke jumanacajj tucjapjjatajjA,cunalaycutejj take cunas wall carow cueste.9
C: Jisa, ovejas, c'awnas, quesos, take cunas almatac alafiataqui-quiwa.
T: Aca Todos Santos janipiniw walMquiti, cyvkatarac utjpacha?10
chekpachapunit almanacajj jutapjjpacha?"
C: UcapY, cunjHmaquiqui, janiw nayas amuyafi puedcti.12
T: Wali llaquiw almanifiajja, cungmas alaquimaya.13
C: Jumajj juatag Todos Santos fiestanjj Tomas .1'4
T: Waliquiwa, jutHwa.
NOTES
1 Todos Santos (tot sant14 turu_santu) 'All Saint's Day.'
2 alma 'soul'
3 iryasifia 'to send (for)': the causative form of irafia. Note the
use of ru, corresponding to Spariish errw;ar a.
rezayaii 'to say pray%rs, have pn:7ei:s ca- i; 4..mCf. SpatIsh re7ar 'to say prayerc-1.
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305
LESSON XXVIII - Dialogue - Notes
4 cunapachasa ?'when ?' (lit. 'what time?')
5: N.B. durative verb form; possibly because of 7047 (ATP ,would
expect here. the punctual form diiwi-)
6 yungasa (vuncasa) 'yungas region'
calia 'cane.' Cf. Spanish caila
7 'My fields are still not worked.' Lurata: pes:Ave participle; in.
the negative, -yquiti is attached.
8 yakhanaca 'other things' (lit. 'others').
IlisiadiKtaiia 'You are wasting' : infinitive tucuna 'to finish'
the verbal infix -117 indicating completion, placed after the vef stes
cues to 'costs: the Spanish form is cuestas
10 Cuamatarac utipacha? 'How will it tate'
11 'Is it certain that the sons will come?'
513ehRacimpunit: cheka 'certain' + -pacha- indicates possibility +
-punk. indicates certainty. N.B. the possibility of attaching
a variety of suffixes to the stem. The -pacha infix is repeated in the
verb.
12 ucapY. 'so it is': the 70 is a suffix of exclamation.
smigmageMqui 'so it will be.' -sa of na,Tas indicates exclamation.
13 almanna 'to have a soul to whom to pray.' -ni- marks possession.
14 ittatap! 'you must come (of course)' cf. above, note #12.
Li111111111111111111111111111miliirairi
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LESSON XXIX - PH tunca 11Htuncanir lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
apthapifia
awticaya
cayachafia
-cucha
ch'ufiu
ch'ufiuchafia
jiwafia
juch'usa
jurpUrojjjuyphilanqhu
lanti
tincuyana (kcka)
vaca kallu (waca kallu)
kallu
recoger
sequia; otofipcaya
hacer caya
si, que
chufio
hacer chufio
morir
delgado
pasado mafianaheladagrueso
en vez de
derribar (grbol)
ternera
cria
Grammar - SmiapaIlanatrqui
I. Potential/conditional negative:
slrapiyistti sarcsnati
sarcasmati
sarcaspati
306
to gather (in), pick
up, collectdrought; autumnfrozen oca
to make frozen oca
if
frozen potato
to make frozenpotatoes
to die
thin
the day after tomorrow
tuainstead of
to fell and stump atret
calf
suckling (of animalo)
sarawcsnatisarapquiristti
sarapcaspati
Analysis: negative -c- is inserted after the verb stem and -ti affixec:
at end. Endings same as potential/conditional positive.
N.B. If the infinitive stem ends in a long vowel, that
vowel is retained and the negative -c- is attached to it:
e.g. kollkenYquiristti 'I wouldn't have money'
The plural infix follows the verb stem.
II. -ta 'from'
acat pH mararojj 'in 2 years from now' (lit.':17cm bore to 2 years')
Navaii iutkrjaradj janiw yap lurguiristt:,..c_I,Inlayeutqjj iilajjaw
Chuquimut purinini. 'I couldn't work the fields next year becat my
brother is a;: riving from La Paz.'
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LESSON XXIX - Grammar
307
Jivrasajt jutir marai" "aniw ch'ok ya uchcsnati jras gsstrijarararo;'
mpuchachch.inani. 'We can't work the potato field next year, bitt
in 2 years time we may be able to
ii :. lanti'in place of:
nava lent 'in place of me'
tatajj lant 'in place of my father'
h22s1,Iitiietsarcani. 'It would be better if (rather)
my brother went instead of me.' (Ebbing. also suggests constructions
of the type lanteila, nayan lant 'in place of me'.
-cucha 'rather, better': attached to nouns and pronouns.
e.g. Janiw nayajj sarcati, jumacuch saram. 'I will not go; rather you go.
Nayajj janiw yapuchquiristti, Pedrccucha yapuchaspatlE. 'I can't
work the fields; it's better if Pedro could.'
(N.B. The addition of the -.LE suffix emphasizes conditionality.)
Distribution of -wa in cuna1amxtejj clauses: after cm1.0avated
'because',-wa can be attached to the subject of the clause (even in the
presence of the negative iani):
e.g. ...cunalauquiagut puriniai....cunalaycutejj Joseaw casarasini.
...mantecaElanatiTELLI
VI. Review of 'when then' clauses (cf. lesson XXvI) .
e.g. Tatailaiimmas, ucqhaw uma 'When my father drinks, then I will drin:;!
VII. 7chafia:, verb-forming suffix added to nouns meaning 'to make'
e.g. caya 'frozen oca'imachana 'to make frozen oca'
ch'ufiu 'frozen potatol/ch'unuchana 'to make frozen potatoes'
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31.3
LESSON XXIX
Completion Drill - Arunac_phokachana
I. Replace the verb to agree with each pronoun.
e.g. Nayajj janiw khath sarquiristti, cunalaycutejj yap lurafiajjava
Nayajj jutir marajj janiw yap CLumill;,cunalaycutejj jilajjaw Chuquiagut purinini.
Jumajj jutir marajj janiw yap (luraiis), euna-laycutejj jilamaw Chuquiagut purinini.
Jupajj kharUrojj janiw kot (sarafia), cunalay-cutejj Mariaw casalfasini.
Jiwasaj j kharUroj j janiw kot (saratia), cunalay-
cutejj Joseaw
Jiwasanacajj jutir marajj janiw (casarasina) ,cunalaycutejj kollkew jan utjquiti.
Nanacajj jutir marajj janiw(casarasifia), cunalay-cutejj kollkew jan utjquiti.
Jvmanacajj arumarthejj janiw eane (lurana),cunalaycutejj jac'ow jan utjquiti.
Jvpanacajj arumanthejj janiw t'ant' (lurana)cunalaycutejj mantecaw jan utjquiti.
lurquiristri
larcasmati
sarcaspati
sarcsnati
casarasipcsnati
casarasipquiristti
lurapcasmati
lurapcaspati
catunae.g. Jichhayp'ojj nayajj janiw chawll catquiristti, ucampis tatajjaj
catuspawa.
JichhayWojj jumajj janiw chawllucampis tatamajj catuspawa.
Kharayp'ojj jupajj janiw chawllucampis jumanacajj catupjjasmawa.
Jichhayplojj jiwasajj janiw chawllucampis tatasajj catvspawa.
anatafia
Kharayplojj jiwasanacajj janiw pelot. ,
ucampis Joseajj anataspawa.
Xharayplojj nanacajj janiw pelot ucampis
jumajj anatasmawa.
Xharayplojj jumanacajj janiw pelotnayajj anatiristwa.
Kharayp'ojj jupanacajj janiw pelotucampis nanacajj anatapjjeristwa.
catcasmati
catcaspati
catcsnati
anatapcsnati
anatapquiristti
, ucampis anatapcasmati
anatapcaspati
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VTE
'EMU uoTlaidmoD - X1XX NOSS31
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LESSON XXIX - Completion Drill
Marian phuchapaw wawachasi, ucat nanacajj janiwjuman utem (iutaiia).
Josean yokallapaw chhakata, ucat jumanacajj janiw'escuel (sarana).
Koilkew chhakata, ucat jvpanacajj janiw machal;isinac (alasina).
Nayajj kharilrojj janiw Chuquiag (scram'',anchaquit jilajjajj naya lant sarcani.
Jumaj khartlroj j janiw Chuquiag (sarafia),
anchaquit jilamajj juma lant sarcani.
Jupajj janiw k'anu isinac (tcajjsifia), anchaquitmamapajj jupa lant t'ajjscani.
Jiwasajj janiw yap (1prafia), anchaquit Joseajjjiwas lant lurcani.
Jiwasanacaj j janiw ut (Dichana), anchaquit Rosi-tajj jiwasanac lant pichcani.
Panacajj janiw ut (pichea), anchaquit jumajjnanac lant pichcgta.
Jumanacajj janiw mank' (p amaria), anchaquit'jupa-nacajj jumanac lant phayapcani.
Jupanacajj janiw mank' (nhavana), anchaquit juma-nacajj jupanac lant phayapcgta.
Eayajj arumanthejj janiw.lech (umaila), tatajjuman ucqhaw umtl.
Jumajj arumanthejj janiw lech (umafia), tataruuman ucqhaw um&ta.
Jupajj jutir marajj janiw(ch'uftuchafia)., Jost
ch'unuchan ucqhaw ch'uhuchani.
Jiwasajj jutir marajj janiw (ch'ufiuchafia), Jos6ch'unuchcan ucqhaw chturiuchangni.
Jiwasanacajj kharayp'pjj janiw (siqua), juyphutjan ucqhaw cayachapjjgni.
Nanacajj kharayp'ajj janiw (cavachana), juvph"utjanucqhaw cayachapjjg.
Jumanacajj jurpayp'ojj janiw (chluEuchana), juyphutjan ucqhaw ch'unuchapjjgtta.
Jupanacajj jurpayp'ojj janiw (ch'unucharia), juyphutjan ucqhaw ch'ufluchapjjani.
315
jutapquiristti
sarapcamati
alasipcaspati
sarquiristti
sarcasmati
eajjscaspati
lurcsnati
pichapcsnati
pichapguiristti
pbayapcasmati
phayapcaspati.
umquiristti
umcasmati
ch'ufiuchcaspati
ch'ufluchcsnati
cayachapcsnati
cayachapquiristti
ch'ufiuchapcasmati
ch'ufluchapcaspati
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a
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eqedseaes Tvusozes
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9T£
(eueantil)
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.(ETIir-11)-
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net751TKg!le)
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(euetiondeA)
negartompaa 4(upetpudiK)mTuec pPeArR
ITTIG uoTlTdmoD XIXX NOSSTI
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11 7
LESSON XXIX.- Questions aria AnswersNesative
M. Jumanacajj arumanthejj janiw t' ant' lurapcasmati?
Janiwa, nanacajj arumanthejj t' ant'
Nayajj kharlirojj janiw Chuquiag sarquiristti?
E. Janiwa, jumajj charnrojj janiw Chuquiag sarcasmati..
Z. Tata Carlos, fumajj juch'us lawaLac aljasmati?
E. Janiw aljquiristti, cunalaycutejj ut luranajjaua.
N. Jumanacajj lanqhu kokanac arumanthejj tincuyapjjasmati?
E. Janiw tincuyapquirLatti.
E4 Pedrojj jutir semanajj vac gharisPati?
E. Janiw qharcaspati.
M. Tata Esteban, nanacajj kar awatipj4erlstti?
E. Janiw awatipcasmati.
M. Jiwasanacajj khattrojj tata Josear Lollapjjsnati?
E. Janiw kollapcsnati.
M. Kharayp'Ojj jiwasajj qhaya adobenac apthapsnati?
E. Janiw apthapcsnati.
M. Jumanacajj arumanthejj uca vaca aych mank'apjjasmati?
E. Janiw mank'apquirxstti.
M. Tata, jupauacajj awti pachajj yapuchapjjaspati?
E. Janiw yapuchapcaspati.
M. Hama, nanacajj jutir marajj ch'unuchapjjeristti?
E. Janiw ch'ufiuchapcasmati.
M. Tata Marcos, jumanacajj qhaya alay estancia maqhatapjjasmati?
E. Janiw maqhatapquirxstti?
M. Kharayp'ojj Mariajj apill cayachaspati?
E. Janiw cayachcaspati.
H. !lama, cuns jumajj lurasmajja:
E. Janiw cuns lurquirlstti.
Dialogue - Cuento
MR VOLUNTARIOJJ ESTANCIA JAKENA.CAITIF PARLI1
Voluntario: Buenos dias tatanaca, buenos dias tatanaca.
Grupo: Buenos dias tata, Buenos dias tata, Buenos &las tata...
Jilakata: Aca chekar kortt'asim tata... caesac tata...
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LESSON XXIX - Dialogue
V:
J:
Walic tata, nayajj jumanacamp parIt'asin munt, tata.2
Ualiquiw tata, nanacajj jumamp parleasifi munapjjaractwa.3
V: Tatanaca, cues jutir semanajj lurapjjatajja?
J: Jutir semanajj ch'ufiuchafia taquiw waouichasipjja, cunalay-
cutejj niy juyphi pacharuw purisipcta.4
V: Tatanaca, jumanacajj ma kollir munapjjasmati?
J: Cun janejj tata, yanapeapjjetaya, cunaynian usunacaw oca
estancianjj.utji. HasUrojj tata Josean yokapaw jiwi.
wall puma jakanwa. Janiw qhitis kollan puedcanti, janiY.equiw
cuna usUtapas yatiscanti.5
V: Uqhamajj ma kolliriw aca estancian utjani. Ucampisa cunjiimea
ma kollirejj purinispajjat' Cayuta? Autota? Caballota?
J: Nanacaji thac lurapjjeristwa, jumatejj yanapeapjjetasm
ucajja.'
V: Kawkarus thac lurapjjasmajja?8
Alcaide: Nanacajj tucuficamaw lurapjjerista. Inas pa phajjsi trabaf.1-
pjjchi, ucampis ingenieron arup munapjjta, nanacjj janiw
jayrasipquiristti, cunalaycutejj machak thac ufijan mu-apjj1:a."
10V: Doctorajj, cawqhans iacaspaj ja?
. .
ut mayeaspajja
A: Doctorataquejj ma ut utachapjjeristwa, ucampis calaminataqui,
puncunacataqui, ventananacataqviw kollkejj in utjcaspati,
ejanit jumajj cunamats yanapapjjetasmajja?l i
V: -1'Waliquiw tatanaca, nayaw ma'tni Voluntarionacamp par1H,
ucatsti oficin sara jupanacar avisiri. Ucchaficamasti
jumanacajj ch'ufiuchafiatac waquichasipj jam. Jutir semana
nayajj juc'amp jumanacarojj avisapjjama, cunatf lurafia.ea::=1-
sajj waquisqui ucanacjjata?
J: Waliquiw tata, waliquiw tata.
V: Uqhamajj arumanthiw sara uca ingenieromp parlafiataqui.
Kawkhanis trabajapjjatejja?
J: Sojjta tune pus in chachanacaw trabajapjja.
Todos: Waliquiw tata, cusisipjjtwa.
V: Jichhajj sarawayjja tatanaca, jiquisificama. Qhaya esi:ancias
visitir sarafiajjawa.
Todos: Jiquisificamay tata, waliqui.
NOTES
1 Note the choice of voluntario"" in place of voluntariomn. orra
is possible. Possibly the first =mpi_is rmitted because of its
distance from iierylca"almniwe
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L
319
LESSON 4171X - Dialogue - Motes
2 parlt'asina 'to converse.': -ta- after the verb sum exptesses
courtesy.
3 munapjiaractwa 'also want': -Eggyi- is inserted after the plural infix
and before the personal ending.
4 waruichafia 'to prepare'
juyphi 'frost': juyohi pacha 'cold season'
ftallu pache 'rainy season'
awti pacha 'dry season'
5 yatisina 'to get to know'
6 'how' : -lama- 'only'. The.nominal suffix -ta expresses
'means, manner.'
ca,vuta 'by footiea7ut sararia
autota 'by caehLutot saraia
caballota 'by horse'kaballot sarafia
7 :imetal-1m 'if you help us.'
8 kawkhllrus 'in hcw many days'
9 tucuficamaw 'until finishing': infinitive + -cama- 'until' (with
elision of final vowel of the stem).
aru 'word'
jayrasipguiristti 'we can't be lazy'
10 jacana 'to live'
11 ventana (wintilna) 'window' (efipanish.ventana)
cuamats "in:some way'
I
12 mavni in the plural can have the meaning of 'other' (from mava 'one')
oficina (abisina) 'office' (Spanish)
ucchaficamasti 'in the meantime'
cunati 'concerning those matters which it is possible to do.'
-ti: a subordinate clause marker.
waquisilla 'to be possible.' (cf. waquichana in note #4 above)
-nap 'concerning.
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LESSON XXX - Quimsa tuncanir lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
achacu
chhokha
j amach'
jan
j anipini
lechuga (lichuj a)
liwisina
liwina
maymgra
ceispifia
usuntafia
walgrmanthi
rat&
pato
pgjaro
sin
nunca
lechuga
caerse
tirar, echar
el afio pasado
galleta de quinua
enfermarse gravemente
ayer por la mafiana
Grammar - Suma parlanataqui
1. Past potential/conditional: 'would have
saririscgvgta
sarasamgna
sarasepgna
Analysis:
sarasgna
mouse
duck
bird
without
never
lettuce
to fall
to fling, cast (off)
last year
cookie made of quinim
to be seriously ill
yesterday morning
, could have
EaraaiilaRalAumterisquyata
sarapliasamgna
for all forms except 1st person singular and plural:
infinitive stem + (plural infix) + (potential/conditiona
marker) + personal ending + -ana (past tense marker).
3-T:i1-7777c!;=:7:e::=T-c-t:7131- f:711-1g infix)
endings: -ta-
-ma-
7227
-na-
The suffixes -wa and -jja may be attached to the verb, with elision c'
the final vowel.
e.g. lupiiplefgpmagleji ovei awatiriscqyka, jurew jan munctatcji.z
'Yesterday morning I would have pasturiA sheep, (but) you didn'twant to.'
N.B. No conjunction links the two clauJ'as; in the si-ccnd clause, lie
particle is attached to the su,lject and to the veo.
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LESSON XXX - Grammar
321
Negative past potential/ conditional
sarquiriscgOtti sarcasanti salapcasgntisarapquiriscHylitti
sarcasamanti .sarapcasamanti
sarcasapanti sarapcasapanti
AAalysis: Same as the positive forms, plus the negative -c- inserted
after the verb stem (after the plural infdx);the negative -ti
is attached to the consonant of the ending.
'certainly'
janipini 'never' (lit. 'certainly neat')
iv, Unmarked 'if' clauses:
e.g. Pasir marajjagy_ALIChirailiLlt,imilfatilLejaij liwiscasaapti,
'If I had built the house last year it would never have fallci_ de.
V. 'Without ing': e.g. jar. 'wiaout
jAnparlasa 'without saying'
jan luras,3 'without doing, working'
3.____A'annnasa 'without ;;,anting'
The infinitive stem is combined with the suffix -sa-; -sa- can be acta4:11,:sd
only to verb stems, and modifies the action performed by the main verb,
the subject of the main verb and the -sa verb is the same.
e.g. EvaiiiichhUrojj jan t'awr eallsouiriscgOtti, ian_xptisaw lurta.
'I wouldn't have worked the wool today *zdthout knowing wl,at I was
doing.'
VI. usuntafia 'to be ill.'
The verbal infix -nta- which precedes the infinitive ending indicates
action which precedes from outside and proceeds inside:
e.g. apatia 'to carry/apantana 'to bring in from outside.'
jallufia 'to rain / plluntafia 'to rain in'
or intensity:
usufia 'to be ill'iusuntana 'to be sericusly ill'
catuna 'to seizet/catnntafia 'to capture, arrest'
VII. 'already': parldia 'to talk, speak'/ 12.2Ildjafia 'to speak already'
e.g. Nix a_Larijvu.psrliigt4..? 'Po you speak Aymara already?'
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LESSON XXX
Substitution Drill -Wasa arunac uscutia
Nayajj apill mank'eriscgygta.
E. Nayajj apill mank'eriscHygta.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj apill mank'asapgna.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj apill mank'asgna.
M. machak isinac alasisgna
E. Jiwasajj machak isinac alasisgna.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj machak isinac alasipjjeriscgygta.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj machak isinac alasipjjasamgna.
N. usutanac kollapjjasamgna
E. Jumanacajj k.Illapjjasamana.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj usutanac kollapijasgna.
jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj usutanac kollapjjasapRna.
M. jumajj
E. Jumaj j usutanac kollonamana.
M. chompanac p'it:viamgna
E. Jumajj champanac p'itasamgna.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj chompanac p'itapjjerisaygta.
M. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj chompanac p'itapjjasamana.
M. chhokhanac jiwayapjjasamgna
E. Jumanacajj chhokhanac jiwayapjjasamEna.
M. Nayajj masgrmanthejj chhokh catur saririscgyFta.
E. Nayajj mesgrmanthejj chhokh catur saririsaygta.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jul,anacajj ma:.1;rmanthejj chhokh catur sarapjjasapgna.
SO.
322
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323
LESSON XXX - Substitution Drill
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj masgimaLthejj chhokh catur sarapjjariscgigta.
M. qhH aynach estancia sarakapjjerisegyHta.
E. Nanacajj masHrmanthejj qhH aynach estancia snrakamjjeriscHyHta.
N. jumajj nayarmenthejj
E. Jumajj nayarmanthejj aynach estaacia sara:msamana.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj nayrHrmanthejj ql1H aynach estaneia sarakapjjasana.
N. jupajj
E. Jupajinayarmenthejj qhg aynach estaacia saralrasapHna.
M. qhN alay koll mistusapHna
E. Jupajj nayarmanthejj qhM -lay kull mistusepana.
M. jumanacajj wayarajj
E. Jumanacajj mayarajj qhg alay koll mistupjjasamHna.
N. jupanacajj
L. Jupanacajj mayarajj qhg alay koll nistu.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj mayarajj qhg alay koll misturisc
M. walja achacunac jiwayiriscHyUta
E. Nayajj mayriHrajj walja achacunac jiwayir
N. nanacajj pasir phajisejj
E. Nanacajj pasir phajjsejkvalja achacunac
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj pasir phajjsejj walja achacunac
pjjasepara.
HyHta.
iscHygta.
jiwayapjjeriscHyHta.
jiwayasPna.
MasUrojj nayajj jan LhollquirlselyHtti.
E. MasUrojj nayajj jan khollquiriscRyHtti.
N. jumajj
E. MasUrojj jumajj jan khollcasamHnti.
Ni. jiwasajj
E. MasUrojj jivasajj jan khollcaanti.
usutanacar jan kollcaanti
E. MasUrojj jiwasajj usutanacar jan koilcasHnti.
F. nanacajj nayrUrojj
E. Nanacajj nayArojj usutanacar jan kollapquiriscHyHtti.
* sat = contraction of qhaya.
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°T33VA
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'Emu uoTanlpsqnS - XXX NOSSM
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.ecra4elounm imp meunp `(e4T4pme) cam) Cratpuemaliseu crehrtra
Tula uoT49TdmoD xxx mossaa
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LESSON XXX - Completion Drill
Maymarajj jiwas qhuch (qharifia), jan tatasajj
(qharina).
Pasir phajjsejj jiwasanac (kapufia) , jan Mariajj
(1021tia)-Nayrarmanthejj nanac chomp (p'itafia), jan
jumanacajj (plitang).
:zra!rarintjpIT!jta!:Tanac chomp
111.71n:141;j1pItill=.
chomp
Pasir marajj(liwisifia).
Pasir marajj(liwisifia).
NayrUrojj jup (kollafia), janipiniw (iiwafia).
(p'itafia), jan
jan
nay (utachafia), janipiniw utajj
jum (utachafia), janipiniw utaj j
NayrUrojj jiwas (kollaria), janipiniw juc'amp
(usuntafia).
Maslirmanthejj jiwasanac j uyranac alir (sarafia),
janipiniw Pedrojj kollk (chhakayafia).
j:21.4:11Wh:O111:3:c(C1171:::=r
WasUrojj jumanac chawil caturejjjanipiniw Juanajj (iiwaha).
WasUrojj jupanac chawll caturejjjanipiniw nayajj (liwisifia).
(sarafia),
(sarana),
(saraha),
328
qharisHnaqharcasapHnti
kapupj j asIna
kapcasagnti
p'itapjjeriscRylitap'itapcasam!!nti
p'itapjjasamllap'itapquiriscayatzi
p'itapjjasapHnap'itapcasEnti
utachirisayHtaliwiscasapHnti
utachasaanaliwiscasaanti
kollasaanajiwcasapUnti
kollaanausuntcasapNnti
sarapjjasUnachhakaycasapHnti
sarapjjeriscHyHtachhakcasapHnti
sarapjjasaanajiwcasapanti
sarapjjasapHnaliwisquirisayHtti
Nayajj jichhUrojj jan eawr(t'ajjsifia), jan. eajjsquiriscHfUtti
yatisaw lurta.
Jumajj jichhUrojj jan t'awr (t'atisifia), jan t'ajjscasamHnti
yatisaw t'ajjstajja.
Jupajj walUrojj jan aych (apana), jan yatisaw apcasaanti
apejja.
Jiwasajj walUroj j jan aych (apafia), jan yatisaw apcasHnti
aptanjja.
Jiwasanacajj maymHrajj jan kok (tincufia), jan tincuyapcasgati
yatisaw tincuyapjjtanjja.
Eanacajj maymarajj jan kok (tincufia), jan yatisaw tincuyapquiriscatti
tincuyapjjtjja.
Jumanacajj nayeirojj jan(ch.pfiljchana), jan ch'unuchapcaF.-..mEq:i
yatisaw ch'ufiuchapjjtajja.
yatisaw cryachapjjejja.Jupanacajj nayrayp'ojj jen (cayacholia) , cayar:;lapcaso-'
j!
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Tuureaeueues mmXi Tame3uueues43STI - sailmsuv pue suoT4sanb
XXX MOSSal
6ZE
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LESSON XXX - Questions and Answers
M. Tata, waarmanthejj phuchamajj cawcs sarasapWija9
E. Fiest sarasaana.
M. Cuns jupajj masUrojj lurasapanjja?
E. Ch'ufiuchasapana, jan kok tincuycasapUnti.
M. Tata Carlos, cuns jiwasajj masHrmanthejj parlasHnjje
E. Suma arunac parlasHna, jan yatisaw pantjastan.
Dialogue - Cuento
MAMA JUSTINAMP MAMA CAROLINAITEJJ KAPUnJJAT PARLAPJJE
Carolina: Mama Justina, kapusctati'
Justina: JYsa, kapusctwa.
C: Cunataquirac kaptasti?
J: Ponchotaquiw kapuscta.
C:
,T:
C:
J:
330
Wari eawr kapurYtati?
Janiw kapurkti, wand t'awr kapufiajj wall ch'amawa, ucat adj
janipiniw kapurYcti.
Nayan wari eawraw utjitu, janiw qhitis kapufi munquiti--ch'amaw, ch'amaw --sapjjetuwa, camHcharaquejja, nayaquYykapchY.
Nayajj ovej t'awrac kapufi yatta, jan ucajj yanapirismawa.
C: Jumajj sawufi yattati?
J.
C:
J:
Cu
J:C:
,T:
C:
.j:
C:
Jisa, mH juc'anac yatiractwa, suma awayonac sawufiac jan yatcti.Pasir maranacaw awichajjajj yatichitu, jichhasti juc'at juc'at2
yatekascta.
Yatekaquimay, inach sawurapitgta. Jutir phajjsejj nayajj 041suma iquinamp, awayomp sauuyasin munta, janit sawurapitasma:-
Cun janejj Carolina, nayaw avisHma cunapachas ingscH ucjja.4
Awichamamp achilamampejj jacasipquitir5
Awichajjajj jacasquiwa, achilajjasti jiwjjewa.6
Ay mama, janiw achilaman jivatapjj yatcti, cunapachas jiwjje?7
Niy quimsa marajjew jiwatapajja.
AqhHmajja, awichamaj j waliquisquiti?
J7sa, waliqu!squiwa. Jupajj nayarojj juc'amp sawufianac
yatichasquitu.
WaliraquisH, suma jakew awichamajj,Justina.
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331
LESSON XXX - Dialogue
J: Jisa, suma jakewa.
C: Uqhgmajj.nayajj sarawayjjg Justina, jutir semanaw jutaraqu!,!jumamp parlasiri, ucqhaw sawufi
J: Waliquiw Carolina, jutgtawa.
NOTES
wari 'vicuna'
2 _away° 'shawl for carrying articles, baby' (The word has entered
Bolivian Spanish as maysi)
yatichitu 'she taught me'
imclEtjusliaLl 'little by little
3 sawurapitasma? 'Can you sew for me ?'
4 ingscg uciia 'when I'll be free, enough'
ingna 'to be free'
usijA 'sufficiently; so (much)'
5 jacatia 'to live'
6 verbal infix placed before the ending 'already'.
7 Janiw acilikasjilltatizatsti.tI didn't know your grandfather died.
jiwata: passive participle
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LESSON XXXI - tunca mavanir leccona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
acHca
alcohola (alcula)
apillanYfia
apthapina
cusiscH.14na
chuymjana (ru)
ch'amanYna
ch'ama
ch'okenifia
clumHafia
iquinat sartafia
iquYwi
jachawYfia
junt'u uma (junt'u 'hot')
juyranYha
kalarara
:dajola
kamirYna
nkamiri
k'anlifia
k'omachafia
lak'arara
"L'Aak'a
larcHwYfia
pist'ana
pobrgfia (puwri'fia)
pobre (puwri)
purYwi
ohayka
qhurYca
estos lugares
alcohol
tener oca
recoger
these places
alcohol
to have oca
to pick up .
332
estar gozando (siempre) to be enjoying
consolar to console
tener fuerza to have strength
fuerza
tener papas
estar sano
leventarse de la cama
lugar donde se duerme
estar llorando(siempre)
desayuno
tener vivires
pedregoso
piedra
ser rico
rico
estar sucio
limpiar
emplorado
tierra, polvo
estar riendo (siempre)
acabarse, faltar
falto, menos
ser pobre
pobre
lugar de llegada
aquellos lugares
esos lugares
strength
to have potatoes
to be healthy
to get up from bed
place to sleep
to be crying
breakfast
to have food stap2c2s
stony
stone
to be rich
rich (man)
to be dirty
to clean
covered with dust
dirt, dust
to be laughing
to be consumed
lacking, less
to be poor
poor
place of arrival
those places overthere
those places way everthztre
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LESSON XXXI - Vocabulary
sarnakhwi
suyana esperar
suycawYna
lugar donde se vive
thekafia
thujsaiia
thujsa
trabajon2fia
ucalaycu
usut &ria
utanida
uywanYna
yapuchhwi
Grammar - Sisaparlarlataaui
estar esperando tooe tiempo
buscat
beder
hediondo
tener Lrabajo
por lo tanto
estar enfernio
tener casa
tener animales
lugar que se siembra
333
living plLce
to wait for
to be waiting all U;.tate
to look for
to stink
fetid, stinking
Lo have work
Feccuse of
to be ill
to have a house
to have animals
place of rowing
i. Yegative conditional clauses:
Future negative Future negative
' If I don' t/won' t / Would& t TAIL not....'
e.g. Navajj janitelj
jai:tea+ future negative
ug:raniteiuinatsartmt'uuxnaist'aniwa. 'If I won'
get up from bed, the breakfast will be all finished.'
II. Fast22t2ptial/conditional negative Eotential negative
'If I didn't...., I wouldn't be able to...'
e.g. Sanitejj nayaii trabgjaisissjjajjaniw utarkg.guiristti. 'If I
didn't work, I wouldn't be able to have a house.'
III. The verbal suffix -Vssri- is added to verb stems to indicate the 'place
where the action is performed',:
e.g. thokona 'to dance' /thok8wi 'place where one dances'
mita 'to roast'410jUwi 'place where one roasts'
umafia 'to drink'iumgwi 'place cohere one drinks''place where fiestas take place'
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334
LESSON XXXI - Grammar
The resulting form with lengthening of the final vowel mPy function as
an infinitive stem:
e.g. Nayatejj jan k'omachquiristja,acacaaziakaTgcasati.
'If I didn't clean up, these places would be impossible to walk
through.'
IV. Verbal stem -ca- + -awi- (= -cawi-)inserted before the endings expresses
continuous action:
suysgwkia 'to be waiting all the time/suvana 'to wait'
iachcawna 'to be (always) crying'/jachana 'to cry'
larcHwYria 'to be (always) laughing'ilarutia 'to laugh'
V. -Tinsi)- 'always' inserted before endings.
The infix is attached to the infinitive stem; punctual endings are
attached to -pin(i)-, with elision of the final vowel.
e.g. sarapintwa 'I always go' (sara + 2in + twa)
aarapiniwa 'he always goes' (sara + pin + iwa)
artaiimintarma 'we always get up' (sarta + pjja pin + tanwa)
VI. -Vca attached to demonstrative pronouns forms a noun indicating places:
aca 'this'/acaca 'these places'
glaya. 'that over therWhhayaca 'those places over there'
VII. The suffix -rara may be added to nouns to form an adjective indicating 'a
lot of :
k'ala 'rock' /k'alarara 'stony'
chlaphi 'thorn/ch'aphirara 'thorny'
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuila
M. Nayajj janitejj yapuchcajja, janiw ch'okenYcti.
E. Nayajj janitejj yapuchcajja, janiw ch'okeacUti.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj janitejj yapuchcafianejja, janiw cheokenYcangniti.
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SEC
TITaa uoT4n4T4squS IXXX NOSSM
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LESSON XXXI - Completion Drill
utachana
Nayajj janitejj __, janiw utanYcati, ucalaycuu
wal trabajascta.
Jumajj janitejj janiw utanYcHtati,
ucalaycuw wal trabajasctajja.
Jupajj janitejj janiw utanYcaniti,
ucalaycuu wal trabajasqui.
Jiwasajj janitejj janiw utanicanUniti,
ucalaycuw wal trabajasctan.
mank'aI1
Jiwasanacaj j janitejj janiT7 ch'amanip-
canHniti, ucalaycuw wal mankvasipctan.
Nanacajj janitejj_, janiw ch'amanYpcgti,
ucalaycuw wal mank'asipcta.
Jumanacajj janitejj janiw ch'amanipcHtati,
ucalaycuw wal mank'asipctajja.
Jupanacajj janitajj janiw ch'amaniipcaniti,
ucalaycuw wal mank'asipqui.
Nayatejj jan(apthapina) rtali k'antIspawa.
Jumatejj jan (aattaiLfia), acHCAij.6 wall k'afilispawa.
Jupatejj jan(plchana), ucHcaTi wall thujsHspawa.
Jiwasatejj jan (pichafia) , ucHcaji wall thujaspiwa
Jiwasanacatejj jan (apthapifia), qhaykajj. wall
kalararHspawa.
Nanacatejj jan (apthapifia), re-LaytIcajj wall kalara-
r!spawa.
Jumanacatejj jan (asquichane), ghurYca
lak'ararlispawa.
Jupanacatejj jan (Agsuichafia), qhurkajj wall
lak'ararRspawa.
339
utachcHjja
utachcHtajja
,utachcanejja
utachcafilinejja
mank'apcafiHnejja
mank'apcHjja
mank'apatajja
mank'apcanejje
apthapquiristjja
apthapcasmaj j a
pichcaspajja
. pichcsnaEa
apthapipcsnaj j a
apthapipquiristjja
wall asquichapcasmajja
Replace the correct forms of the verbs
Janitejj rukyajj janiur
Janitejj jumajj , janiw
Janitejj jupajj , janiw
asquichapcaspajja
trabaiana and utanYfia.
trabajquiristjjautanYquiristti
trabaj casmaj j a
utenYcasmati
trabajcaspajjautanYcaspati
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LESSON XXXI - Completion Drill
Janitejj jiwasajj
Janitejj jiwasanacajj , janiw
Janitejj nanacajj , janiw
Janitejj jumanacajj
Janitejj jupanacajj janiw
janiw
, janiw
Janitejj marcsarapintwa.
Janitejj marc , janiw
marcjj sarapintawa.
Janitejj marc , janiw
sarapintwa.
Janitejj marc , janiw
sarapintanwa.
saraiia, kollkeniha
janiw , ucat marc
ucat
, ucat marcjj
, ucat marcjj
sara,
Janitejj iquinatalbat sartapjjapintanwa.
Janitejj iquinatalbat sartapjjapintwa.
Janitejj iquinatalbat sartapjjapintawa.
Janitejj iquifiat
6.
, janiw ucat
, janiw 9 ucat
, janiw
albat sartapjjap.tniwa.
III. Ilayatejj jan(sarnakana).
Jumatejj jansarnakana).
Jupatejj jan
011.914.4).
(k'omachafia),
omachatia)
omachana) ,
janiw
, ucat
acacaj j aniw
AcItcajj janiw
ucacajj janiw
340
trabajcsnajjautanYcsnati
trabajapcsnajjautanMpcsnati
trabaj apquiristj j a
utanYpquirietti
trabajapcasmajjautanYpcasmati
trabajapcaspajjautanipcaspati
sarquiristjjakollkenMquiristti
sarcasmaj j a
kollkenYcasmati
sarcaspajjakollkenYcaspati
sarcsnajjakollken!csnati
sartapcsnajjatrabajonipcsnati
sartapquiristjjatrabajonMpquiriatti.
sartapcasmaj j a
trabajonipcasmati
, ucat sartapcaspajjatrabajoapcaspati
Jiwasatejj jan (k'omachafia), uckajj janiw
Jiwasanacatej j jan (qtachala), 041.1enjj jnniw
(puriha).
k'omachquiristjjasarnakgwicaspati
k'omachcasmajjasarnakawYcaApati
klomachcaspajjaiquYwYcaspati
L'omachcsnajjaigawYcappnti
mtachapcsnajjapurYwMcsspati
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'UPC uoT3aTdmo0 IXXX NOSSTI
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342
LESSON XXXI - Questions and Answers
M. Jumanacatejj jan asquichapcasmajja, qhayHcajj wali kalararRspati?
E. Jisa, nanacatejj jan asquichapquiristjja, qhayHcajj wali
kalararUspawa.
M. Nayatejj mamajjar jan chuymjquiristjja, jachcHwMspati?
E. Jisa, jumatejj mamamar jan chuymjcasmajja, mamamajj jachcHwMspawa.
M. Tata Carlos jumatejj jan utadhcatajja, utanMytitati?
E. Janiw utanMcHti.
H. Tata, Pablotejj jan trabajcaspajja, camachaspasa?
E. Janiw mank'anicaspati.
M. Tata, qhaya uarmitejj jan cuns lurcaspajja, camHchasoase
E. Janiw cunanicaspasa.
M. Jiwasanacatej j jan trabaj apcsnaj j a, camachapjjsnasa?
E. Janiw mank'anYpcsnati.
M. Janitejj jumanacajj lak ajan jarekasipcasmajja, junt'u umajj
pist'aspati?
E. Jisa, pist'aspawa.
N. Janitejj nayajj k'anu isinac t'ajjsquiristjja, k'oma isejj
pist'aspati?
E. Jisa, pisespawa.
U. Tata Marcos, cunats jumajj sapa doming mare sarapintajje
E. Janitejj sarquiristjja, janiw kollkenYquiristti.
M. Tata Esteban, cunats jupanacajj wali albat sartapjjapini?
E. Janitejj sartapcaspajja, janiw trabajonipcaspati.
M. Jumatejj acticanac jan sum kalanac apthapcasmajja, cunjamHspasa?
E. Wali kalararHspawa.
M. Jisc'a yokalla, jumatejj mamamar jan chuymjcasmajja, mamamajj
cunjamUspasa?
E. Jupajj jachcHwYspawa.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA PABLOJJ ESTANCIAPATAC YR YATICHIR WAKE
Pablo: Tatanaca, jichhayp'ojj escuel yatichirjjat parlapjjaani,cunalay4AteIt machak marajj jactanquiwa. Niy pH escuel
yatichir munapjjtan, jiebtaircamajj, janiw jiejjatetanti.
caachapjjafignisal
j
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343
LESSON XXXI - Dialogue
Luis: Jis tata, ucajj chekawa, wawanacasajj wal escuelar saran munapi5tucampis aca estancianjj janiw yatichirejj utjquiti. Jaya
marcacamaw yakhep wawanacajj escuelarojj sarapjje.2
Tomas: Ughamawa, nayan wawajjajj sapa albataw escuelarojj sarasqui,yakhep urojj jallojj wal purl, thayas thayaraqui, take ucanacanwawajjajj wal llaquisi. Jiwasanacatejj and yatichir thakapjjaa-nejja, wawanacasajj janiw jaya escuelar sarapcaniti.
Pablo: Cuns lurapjjaani? Cunjamats ma escuel yatichirini-sn'ajja?
Janitejj jiwasanacajj thakapcaanejja, janiw escuel yatichirinY-
cafianiti.
Luis: Cawqhats irpanindni?4
Aca jac'a estancianacanjj janiw yatichiri-nacajj utjquiti.
Pablo: Chuquiag sarapjjananacasaa,5 cunalaycutejj janitejj Chuquiag
sarapcaanejja, janiw yatichir jicjjatcafianiti.
Tomas: Nanacajj janiw thakerejj sarapquiristti, cunalaycutejj yapunaclurarlanacajjawa, uqhamarus jallupachajj jac'anquiwa. Nanacajj
janiw sarapquiristti, cunalaycutejj janiw castellan pariahyatipcti. Tata Pablo, jupaquYy sarchita, nanacajj.antisas junianyapum luran yanapapjjama.0
Pablo: Ucapi, camacharaquajja, nayaelay sarchY. Inas yatichirejj
Chuquiaquh utjchi. Takenit mtnapjjtag
(Takpachaniw Pablon saranap munapjje)8
Pablo: Arumanthpachaw9 Chuquiag sara, jumanacasti escuel ut utacltan
kalltapjjam. Janitejj escuel utaacafilinejja, janiw yatichi-:3jj
jutan muncaniti.
Luis: Waliquiw tata Pablo, nanacajj adobenac luran kalltapjja,10
kalanac uchapjjg, lawanac thakapjja, ucatsti calamin alapjjaraqui-
nani.
Pablo: Waliquiw tatanaca, takpechan trabajapjjaani, and urojj ma escual
yatichirinianiwa, wat'anacasasti leen kellkan juc'amp
yatekapjjani.
Todos: Waliquiw tata Pablo, nanacajj trabajapjjawa.
Pablo: Jichhajj utanacasar sarjjapjjaani, jutir semanaw wasitat
tantachasipjjanani.11
Todos: Waliquiw, waliquiw tata Pablo.
NOTES
1 jichharcamaji 'up until today'
2 lava 'far'
yakhea (or yakha) 'other'
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344
LESSON XXXI - Dialogue - Notes
3 cunjgmata 'how come?'
malichisinifia 'to have a teacher'
4 cawqhata 'from where"
5 NB. use of the plural nominal infix with a pluralized infinitive:
sarapjjananacasawa'we must go'
6 vanappapjjgma 'we will help you'
7 takeniti 'do all?'
8 Takpachaniw Pablon saranap munapjje. 'All want Pablo to go'
(lit. 'All want Pablo's galag.')
takpachani 'all' (animate): the -.pasha- suffix may also indicate
entirety as well as time. Cf. above in the text, jallwasha
season'.
9 arumanthpacha 'tomorrow' (exactly)
10 kalitana 'to begin'
11 tantachasixia 'to meet' (tanta 'meeting')(= ma junta lurafia, on the
model of Spanish hacer una reuni8n).
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LESSON XXXII -
345
Vocabulary - Arunaca
catuyaiia entregar to give over; surrender
lunthatana robar to steal
manktayana dar de comer to feed
nuwana (ru) pegar to hit
phisi gato cat
qhuri maymll 'ra ante ano pasado before last year
wajjt'aiia regalar, convtdar to present, invite
Grammar - Suma parlanataqui
T. Pronominal objects with positive punctual verbs:
Pronominal objects of the verb are attached to the verb stem. The full
form pronominal, object pronoun is alsobe
used. Pronominal objects
are attached to verbs when a suffix / attached to the full form pronom-
inal object:
e.g. Kawkha kawrs nayajj jumar chursme 'How many llamas did I give 7,rit?'
P_ akallk kawr nayajj jumat apaksma. 'I took seven llamas away
from you.'
Pronominal objects are also used when the object of the verb is a pronoun
not necessarily expressed in its full form .
e.g. Ct1'JLISSjAILAMrALpArj._.._1Sta.9 'Why don't you speak to me in Aymara?'
Pronominal objects are also used to indicate the object of a verb in -ri:
e.g. Visitiriw,iuma. 'I have come to visit you.'
In interrogative statements which lack a question word (how many...?)
the interrogative suffix -tT is appended to the pronominal object; the
suffixes -wa and may also be attached to the pronominal object.
e.g. Munistatf? 'Do you want me?'
If the subject of the verb is plural in number, -apjj- isalways inserted
in the verb. If the object of the verb is plural in number, -apjj- is
inserted in the verb except when the object is the 3rd person ('he, them').
In order to specify whether the 3rd person subject/object is singular or
plural in number, the full pronominal subject/object must be included in
the sentence:
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346
LESSON XXXII - Grammar
The indefinite object ('it, that, them') is not expressed. To specify, an
indefinite pronoun could be inserted.
The form churapjje is ambiguous in three ways:
(a) 'he gave them' (='he gave it/them to them')
(b) 'they gave them' (= 'they gave it /them to them')
(c) 'they gave him' (= 'they gave it/them to him')
With the addition of the subject, the object .is no longer, ambiguous:
immaiiglamaiit 'he gave them'
With the addition of the object, the subject still remains ambiguous:
jupanacar churapjje 'he/they gave them'
To eliminate the ambiguity between (b) and (c),,add both the full
pronominal subject and object.
,1) Jupajj jupanacar churapjje
(b) Jupanacajj jupanacar churapjje
(c) Juanaca2iljteOther cases of ambiguity in the verb form are as follows:
(a) 3rd person singular/plural subject + 1st person dual object
churistu
(b) 1st person dual/dual plural subject + 3rd person plural objac_t
011111E1ilLilIMEIMILLLIIIIRIMELAIIMELL5A1
N.B.: In the following frames, the plural infix in the verb seems to be
optional:
'we' (dual) to 'them'
'they' to 'us' (dual)
Optionality of the plural infix will be marked by an asterisk ( *),.
after the plural infix.Verb stem: chur-
Subject
to 'you' -sma
'him' -ta (= 1st sg. punctual)
'You' pl. -(aptith)_ ml
'them' -ta (1st sg. punctual)
you singular to 'me'. -istagrusta if infinitive stem encls
in u-1
'him' -ta (= 2nd raj. punctual)
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LESSON XXXII - Grammar
NB: there is no separate
form for 'you' (sing.)
to 'us' (dual /(dual
plural).
'he'
'we' (dual)
'we' (dual pl.)
'we' (pl.)
'you' (pl.)
N.B. There is no separate
form for 'you'(pl.)
to 'us' (dual)/(dual
.pl.)
347
'us' (pl.) -(apjj-) esta
'them' -ta (= 2nd sg. punctual)
to 'me' - itu / -utu
'you' -tam
'him' -1/-11 (=Srd sg. ymActual forri.)
'us' (dual) -istu/-ustu
'us' (dual pl.).-(apjj-) estu
'us' (pl) -(apjj-):etu
'you' (pl.) -(a)ji-)tam
'them' -(apjj-)e-*(= 3rd pl. punct.)
to 'him' -tan (*1st dual punctual)
'them' -(apii-)* tan (= 1st dual (plutal)punctual)
to 'him' -(Eplalan (= 1st dual pluvilpunctuan
'them' -(apjj-) tan (= 1st dual pluralpunctual)
to 'yOu' -(apil-) sma
'him' (= 1st pl. punctualform)
'you' (pl) sma
'them' (= 1st pl. punctualform)
to 'me' -(anithesta
'him' -(apij)- ta (= 2nd pl. punctual)
'us' (pl.) -(apjj)-esta
'them' - (apjj) -ta (= 2nd pl. punctual)
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LESSON XXXII - Grammar
'they'
348
to 'me' -(apjj)-etu
'you' -(aPii)-tam
'him' - (apjj) -e (= 3rd pl. punctual)
'us' (dual) -(apjj)*-istu
'us' (dual pl.) - (apj.j) --estu
'us' (pl.) (-with-eta
'you' (plural) -(apjj)-tam
'them' -(aRiu=st (= 3rd pl. punctual)
ii. Verbal infix -ya- in causative meaning. Cf. grammar, Lesson XIX.
III. Word order: direct object may precede indirect pronominal object.
e.g. Quiuksakallk vacanac jupajj jiwasar catuyistu. 'He gave over to us
eight cows.'
or Jukeilliwa.sar quimsakallk vacanac catuvistu.
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuiia
M. Pakallk kawr nayajj jumar chursma.
E. Pakallk kawr nayajj jumar chursma.
M. jupajj nayar
E. Pakallk kawr jumajj nayar churista.
M. jupajj nayar
E. Pakallk kawr jupajj nayar churitu.
M. mayt'itu
E. Pakallk kawr jupajj nayar mayt'itu.
M. Sojjta t'ant'anac
E. Sojjta t'ant'anac jupajj nayar mayt'itu.
M. jupajj jumar
E. Sojjta t'ant'anac jupajj jumar mayt'tam.
M. nayajj jumanacar
E. Sojjta eantianac nuyajj jitmanacar mayeapjjsma.
catuyapjjsma
E. Sojjta eant'anac nayajj jumanacar
.1M
Ji
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LESSON XXXII - Substitution Drill
M. quimsakallk vacanac
E. Qhimsakallk vacanac nayajj jumanacar catuyapjjsma
jupajj nanacar
E. Quimsakallk vacanac jupajj nanacar cetuyapjjetu.
jupajj jiwasar
E. Quimsakallk vacanac jupajj jiwasar catuyistu.
M. churistu
E. Quirsakallk vacanac jupajj jiwasar churistu.
P. tunca pheskan lamananac nayajj jupar
E. Tunca pheskan lamananac nayajj jupar churta.
M. jiwasanacajj jupanacar
E. Tunca pheskan lamananac jiwasanacajj jupanacar churapjjtan.
N. Walja suma ranklanac,jupajj jiwasar manktayistu,
E. Walja suma mank'anac jupajj jiwasar ranktayistu.
M. jupajj ju )ianacar
E. Walja suma mank'anac jupajj jumanacar manklayapjjtam.
M. nanacajj jumanacar
E. Walja suma mank'anac nanacajj jumanacar manh'ayapjjsma.
suma umampiw jarekapjjsma
E. Walja suma umampiw nanacajj jumanacar jarekapjjsma.
jumanacajj nanacar
E. Walja suma umampiw jumanacajj nanacar jarekapjjesta.
M. jupanacajj nanacar
E. Walja suma umampiw jupanacajj nanacar jarekapjjetu.
M. juc'a kollampiw kollapjjetu
E. Juc'a kollampiw jupanacajj nanacar kollapjjetu.
N. suma kollampiw nayajj jupanacar
E. Suma kollampiw nayajj jupanacar kollta.
M. jupanacajj jumanacar
E. Suma kollampiw jupanacajj jumanacar kollapjjtam.
M. jupanacajj jiwasar
E. Suma kollampiw jupanacajj jiwasar
M. pa tunc quimsan ovejanac churistu
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350
LESSON XXXII - Substitution Drill
E. pa tunc quimsan ovejanac jupanacajj jiwasar churistu.
M. jumajj nanacar
E. PH tunc quimsan ovejanac jumajj nanacar churapjjesta.
M. jumanacajj nanacar
E. pa tunc quimsa ovejanac jumanacajj nanacar churapjjesta.
M. jiwasajj jupanacar
E. PI tunc quimsan ovejanac jiwasajj jupanacar churtan.
M. Quimsa tunc pheskan chawllanac masUrojj nayajj jumar chursma.
E. Quimsa tunc pheskan chawllanac masUrojj nayajj jumar chursma.
M. jupajj nayar
E. Quimsa tunc pheskan chawllanac masUrojj jupajj nayar churitu.
M. jumajj Lucasar
E. Quimsa tunc pheskan chawllanac masUrojj jumajj Lucasar churtajja.
M. Lucasajj jumar
E. Quimsa tunc pheskan chawllanac masUrojj Lucasajj jumar churtam.
M. p& tunc quimsakallkon t'ant'anac mayt'tam
E. PL tune quimsakallkon eant'anac Lucasajj jumar mayt'tam.
M. nayrUrojj
E. PU tunc quimsakallkon t'ant'anac nayrUrojj Lucasajj jumar mayt'tam.
M. jumanacajj nanacar
E. Pd tunc quimsakallkon t'ant'anac tayrUrojj jumanacajj nanacarmayeapjjesta.
M. jupanacajj nanacar
E. PH tunc quimsakallkon t'ant'anac nayearojj jupanacajj nanacarmayeapjjetu.
quimsa arrob ch'ok maymgrajj apakapjjetu
E. Quimsa arrob ch'ok maymUrajj jupanacajj nanacar apakapjjetu.
Joseamp Hariampejj nayar
E. Quimsa arrob ch'ok maymgrajj Joseamp Mariampejj nayar apaketu.
M. nayajj jumanacar
E. Quimsa arrob ch'ok maymUrajj nayajj jumanacar apakapjjsma.
M. jupanacajj jumanacar
E. Quimsa arrob ch'ok maymUrajj jupanacajj jumanacar apakapjjtam.
M. tunca quimsa libra arroz nayrUrojj
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351
LESSON XXXII - Substitution Drill
E. Tunca auimsan libra arroz nayrUrojj jupanacajj-jumanacar apakapjjtam.
N. nayajj jupar wajjt'ta
E. Tunca quimsan libra arroz nayrUrojj nayajj jupar wajjeta.
M. Tunca pakallkon chhiwchhinac pasir phajjsejj jupajj jiwasar catuyistu.
E. Tunca pakallkon chhiwchhinac pasir phajjsejj jupajj jiwasar catuyistu.
N. qhuri maymarajj
E. Tunca pakallkon chhiwchhinac qhuri maymarajj jupajj jiwasarcatuyistu.
N. jumanacajj jupar
E. Tunca pakallkon chhiwchhinac qhuri maymarajj jumanacajj juparcatuyapjjtajja.
M. Pedrojj nayar
E. Tunca pakallkon chhiwchhinac qhuri maymarajj Pedrojj nayar catuyitu.
M. nayajj jupanacar aljta
E. Tunca pakallkon chhiwchhinac qhuri maymarajj nayajj jupanacar aljta.
M. pa tune sojjtan ovejanac nayrUrojj
E. pa tunc sojjtan ovejanac nayrUrojj nayajj jupanacar aljta.
M. jupanacajj nayar
E. pa tunc sojjtan ovejanac nayrUrojj jupanacajj nayar aljapjjetu.
M. nayajj jumanacar
E. Pa tunc sojjtan ovejanac nayrUrojj nayajj jumanacar aljapjjsma.
N. jumajj nayar
E. pa tunc sojjtan ovejanac nayrUrojj jumajj nayar aljista.
N. pasir semanajj churista
E. pa tunc sojjtan ovejanac pasir semanajj churista.
N. Lucasajj jumar
E. Pa tunc sojjtan ovejanac pasir semanajj Lucasajj jumar churtam.
M. pusi jachea kokanac
E. Pusi jach'a kokanac pasir semanajj Lucasajj jumar churtam.
M. nanacajj jumanacar
E. Pusi jach'a kokanac pasir semanajj nanacajj jumanacar churapjjsma.
N. jumanacajj nanacar
E. Pusi jach'a kokanac pasir semanajj jumanacajj nanacar churapjjesta.
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LESSON XXXII
Completion Drill - Arunac phokachana
Fill in the correct form of the verb churaiia.
Kawkha kawrs nayajj jumar
Kawkha kawrs nayajj jupar
Kawkha kawrs nayajj"jumanacar
Kawkha kawrs nayajj jupanacar
Kawkha caballonacs jumajj nayar
Kawkha caballonacs jumajj jupar
Kawkha caballonacs jumajj nanacar
Kawkha caballonacs jumajj jupanacar
Kawkha
Kawkha
Kawkha
Kawkha
Kawkha
Kawkha
Kawkha
Kawkha
anunacs jupajj
anunacs jupajj
anunacs jupajj
anunacs jupajj
anunacs jupajj
anunacs jupajj
anunacs jupajj
anunacs jupajj
nayar
jumar
jupar
jiwasar
jiwasanacar
nanacar
jumanacar
jupanacar
Cuns jiwasajj jupar
Cuns jiwasajj jupanacar
Cuns jiwasanacajj jupar
Cuns jiwasanacajj jupanacar
Cuns nanacajj jumar
Cuns nanacajj jupar
Cuns nanacajj jumanacar
Cuns nanacajj jupanacar
Cunapachas jumanacajj nayar
Cunapachas jumanacajj jupar
Cunapachas jumanacajj nanacar
Cunapachas jumanacajj jupanacar ?
352
chursma
churta
churapjjsma
churta
churista
churtajja
churapjjesta
churtajja
churitu
churtam
churi
churistu
churapjj estu
churapjjetu
churapjjtam
churapjje
churtan
churapjjtan/ churtan
churapjjtan
churapjj tan
churapjjsma
churapjjta
churapjjsma
churapjjta
churapjjesta
churapjjtajja
churapjjesta
churapjjtajja
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LESSON XXXII - Completion Drill
Cunapachas.
Cunapachas
Cunapachas
Cunapachas
Cunapachas
Cunapachas
Cunapachas
Cunapachas
jupanacajj
jupanacaj j
jupanacajj
jupanacajj
jupanacajj
jupanacajj
jupanacajj
jupanacajj
nayar
jumar 9
jupar
jiwasar
jiwasanacar
nanacar
jumanacar
jupanacar
Kawkha t'ant'anacs nayajj jumar
Kawkha t'ant'anacs jumajj nayar
Kawkha naranjanacs jupajj jiwasar
Kawkha naranjanacs jiwasajj jupar
Kawkha kokanacs jiwasanacajj jupanacar
Kawkha kokanacs nanacajj jumanacar
Kawkha mesanacs jumanacajj nanacar
Kawkha mesanacs jupanacajj jumanacar
353
churapjjetu
churapjj tam
churapjje
churistu / churapjjestu
churapjjestu
churapjjetu
churapjj tam
churapjje
chursma
churista
churistu
churtan
churapjj tan
churapjjsma
churapjjesta
churapjj tam
Kawkha caballonacs maymffrajj nayajj jumar(ian'Afia)mayt,'sma
Kawkha caballonacs maymgrajj jumajj nayar mayt'ista
(mayeana)?
Kawkha ovejanacs pasir phajjsejj jupajj jiwasar mayeistu
(paveldfia)?
Kawkha ovejanacs pasir phajjsejj jiwasajj jupar mayetan
(mayeafia)?
Kawkha kollks nayrgrojj jiwasanacajj jupar
(catufia).
Kawkha kollks rgrojj nanacajj jumanacar(catuna)?
Kawkha wallpanacs masgrmanthejj jumanacajj
nanacar
Kawkha wallpanacs masUrmanthejj jupanacajj
jupanacar (catufia)?
churana
Cuns nayajj jumar masUrojj
Cuns jumajj nayar masUrojj
catuyapjj tan
catuyapjjsma
catuyapjjesta
catuyapjje
chursma
churista
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LESSON XXXII - Completion Drill
Cuns jupajj jiwasar wasUrojj
Cuns jiwasajj jupar wasUrojj
mraljt'afia
Cuns jiwasanacajj jupanacar nayrUrojj
Cuns nanacajj jupanacar nayrUrojj
Cuns jumanacaj j nayar pasir semanaj j
Cuns jupanacajj jupanacar pasir semanjj(anakafia)?
apakana
Pakallk kawr nayajj jumat
Pakallk kawr jumajj nayat
Pakallk kawr jupajj nayat
Pakallk kawr jiwasajj jupat
mayeafia
Sojjta liq'i chawllanac jiwasanacajj j upat
Sojjta liq'i chawllanac nanacajj jumat
Sojjta chawllanac jumanacajj nanacat
Sojjta liq'i wallpanac jupanacajj jumanacat
catuyana
MasUrojj pheska wanc'unac nayajj jupar
MasUrojj pheska wanc'unac jumajj jupar
Nayrllrojj quimsakallk chhiwchhinac jupajj
nanacar
NayrUrojj quimsakallk chhiwchhinac jiwasajj
jupar
wajjt'aria
Pusi tunc warank kollk nayajj jumar
Pusi tunc warank kollk jupajj jumar
Pusi tunc warank kollk nanacajj jumar
Pusi tunc warank kollk jupanarajj nanacar
churistu
churtan
wajjeapjjtan
waj j t apjj ta
wai j t' apj j es ta
apakapjjtam
apaksma
apakesta
apaketu
apaktan
mayeasipjjtan
mayeasipjjsma
. mayeasipjjesta.
. mayeasipjjtam
catuyta
catuytajja
catuyapjjetu
catuytan
wajjesma
wajjetam
wajjeapjjsma
wajjeapjjetu
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LESSON XXXII
Questions and Answers - Jisct ananacampi iyaw sanatacampi
M. Jupanacajj nayar churapjjestati?
E. Jisa, nanacajj jumar.churapjjsmawa.
M. Kawkha t'ant'anacs nayajj jumar chursma?
E. Jumajj pheska t'ant'anac nayar churista.
Kawkha caballonacs mayamgrajj jumajj nayar mayt'ista?
E. Nayajj pU caballonac jumar mayt'sma.
M. Cuns nayajj maslirojj chursma?
E. Jumajj tunca naranjanac churista.
M. Pusi tuna warank kollkti jumajj nayar wajjeista?
E. Jisa, pusi tunc warank kollk nayajj jumar wajjt'sma.
M. Quimsa jamach'inacti jupajj jiwasar churistu?
E. Jisa, quimsa jamachinac jupajj jiwasar churistu.
FL Pakallk kawrti nayajj jumat apaksma?
E. Jisa, pakallk kawranac jumajj nayat apakesta.
M. Kawkha kokanacs jupajj jiwasar churistu?
E. Llatunc kokanac jupajj jiwasar churistu.
M. Kawkha t'ant'anacs jumajj nayar churista?
E. Pusi tunc warank t'ant'anac nayajj jumar chursmaA.
M. Kawkha mesanacs jumanacajj nanacar churapjjesta?
E. Quimsa mesanac nanacajj jumanacar churapjjsma.
FL Kawkha kawrs jumajj nayar churista?
E. Tunca kawr nayajj jumar chursma.
FL Kawkha kawrs jupajj nayar churitu?
E. Tunca kawr jupajj jumar churtam.
M. Kawkha caballonacs jupanacajj nayar churapjjetu?
E. Quimsa tunc caballonac jupanacajj jumar churapjjtam.
M. Cunapachas jupanacajj jumanacar churapjjtam?
E. Pasir maraw jupanacajj nanacar churapjjetu.
M. Cunapachas jiwasajj jupanacar churtan?
E. Nayrtiruw jiwasajj jupanacar churtan.
M. Cunataquis jupajj nayar churitu?
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356
LESSON XXXII - Questions and Answers
E. Yap lurafiataquiw jupajj jumar churtam.
M. Cunataquis jumajj jupar churtajja?
E. Kot sarafiapataquiw nayajj jupar churta.
M. Kawkha qhuchinacs nayajj jumar chursma?
E. Sojjta qhuchinac churista.
M. Tata Jose, jumajj pa asn churistati?
E. nsa, chursmawa.
M. Tata Carlos, jumajj tunca sojjtan wallpanac Pedror churtati?
E. J7sa, jupar churtwa.
M. Tata Pedro, cues jiwasanacajj jupanacar churapjj tan?
E. Quimsa caballonac churapjjtan.
M. Tata Enrique, cunapachas jupanacajj nayar sank' churapjjetu?
E. Jichhaw churapjj tam.
M. Kawkha jisc'a wanc'unacs jupajj nayar churitu?
E. Llatunc wanc'unac churtam.
M. Kawkha iquinanac nayrlirojj nanacajj jumanacar catuyapjjsma?
E. P4 tunc iqun catuyapjjesta.
M. Cuns jumamp jupampejj pas it phajjsejj nayar wajjt'apjjesta?
E. T'ant'amp quesomp wajjt'apjjsma.,
M. Cuns maymarajj jupanacajj nayar apakapjjetu?
E. Camisamp sombreromp apakapjj tam.
Cunapachas Pedromp Lucasampejj jumanacar nuwapjjtam?
E. Pasir maraw nuwapjjetu.
M. Cuns jumajj jupanacar churtajja?
E. Monk' churta.
Dialogue
Manuel:
Awqui:
- Cuento
MANUELOJJ ANATAN THOKONATAQUIW WAQUICHASI'
Tatay, nayajj anatatac ma suma tern ch'ucuyasifi munta,2
kollkey mayeita.
Janiw nayajj mayequirismati, janiw kollkejj utjquituti.Kollkejj janiw utjquiti, cullacamataquiw machak polleeinas mamaman utjchi. Pasir phaijsiquiraquis vaca aljat kolachursmajja, janit kollk imascta?3
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LESSON XXXII - Dialogue
Manuel :
Awqui:
Manuel:
Awqui:
357
Cunapachcamarac kollk mayeasin munatasti? Niy jumajjwaynajjtawad cuns trabajanamawa. Thokoli munstajja, yakhatmayt'asim, janiw nayajj churquirismati.
Hayt'aquitay tatay, jan uqhamamti.4
PH patac warank koll-kequiw utjitul patac warankampic munta, isinacajj wallcarlichejjaya.
Cunataquirac thokoti muntasti? janit uca kollkempejj cunsalasismajja? Janiw churquirismati, sapa cutiquit kolikchurascame6
Tatay, fiest pascan ucspachaw adobenac lurg, ucat ucaaljatampiw cosasanac alasY, jumarusti churjjaraquima.7
Uqhamach ucajja, mayt'amasay Acajj patac warankawa.
(Manuelojj c'uchiquiw tatapan kollkepjj bolsillopar uchasi
(Manuelojj Margaritarapiw jiquisi)
Manuel: Margarita, wall liaquitatwa.
Margarita: Cunata? cunats llaquistajja?
Manuel:
Margarita:
Manuel:
Margarita:
Manuel:
Margarita:
Manuel:
Tatajjaw jan munquit nayan thokonajja, janiraquiw kollkmayean munquitanti.9
Jan llaquisimti, walicjjay awquejj tjakafiamawa.1°
Ucapi, yakhep horasajj wali jayaruw
Manuel, jan uqham parlamti,11 ucajj
8
okescstamjja, jumanjj
sarj jail munta.
janiw waliquiti. Jtaajj
antisas tatainar yap luran yanapanamawa.
Fiest paean ucspachaw jayar sarjja, janiraquiw ni,mayampsaca estanciar jutcati, wali llaquitat Margarita.14
Jan ucanac parlamti, antisas sum waquichasiscam fiestataqui.Fiest paean ucspachaw antisas Chuquiag sarata kolik jicjjata-;iiataqui, ucanjj cuna trabajos utjapiniwa.
Waliquiw Margarita, uqhamajj nayajj fiestatac antisas sumwaquichasM, ucatsti nayaw trabaja juc'amp kollk jicjjataiia-taqui.Jichhajj ma suma tern alas!', machak camisa, machak zapatoyakhanacampi.13
NOTES
1 anata 'carnival'
waguichasifia 'to prepare oneself, get ready'
2 terno (tirnm) 'suit' cf. Spanish terno.
ch'ucuvasifia 'to have sewn for oneself'
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358
LESSON XXXII - Dialogue - Notes
3 awqui 'father': more formal than tats
imasifia 'to keep, have left'
4 lam9hgmgmti 'don't be like that'
5 carlichejjaya 'most likely expensive'
The compound suffix - Vchejja- (from dubitative -chi- + -iie-)
expresses likelihood. Caro (caru) 'expensive'; cf. Spanish caro.
6 cuti 'time (occasion).'
churascgma 'I am giving you': the meaning of the infix -cg- is not
clear (perhaps a form of -gui- 'only'?)
7 cosasanac 'things.' Cf. Spanish cosa. The suffix -sa is a marker
for countable objects (Cf. also horasa, lesson 11, p. 111).
8 c'uchiqui 'happily.' The adverb is formed by adding -gui to the
adjective c'uchi 'happy.'
bolsillo (allsillo) 'pocket'
uchasiha 'to put (into his)' (from uchaha)
9 Tataijaw jan munquit nayansititl father doesn't want me to
dance' (lit. 'doesn't want my dancing')
N.B. The relative clause in English introduced by that is expressed
in Aymara by a nominal clause with the possessive suffix -na.
10 tokena 'to quarrel'
sgtpajja 'he spoke'
11 ian parlaniti 'don't speak.' Negative imperative requires the addition
of -m- to the infinitive stem plus the negative -ti.
12 nitis 'no more, never again' (lit. 'not with once')
may be used with numerals in the meaning of 'with' ni.
13 zapato (sapatu) 'shoes' (Cf. Spanish zapato).
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LESSON XXXIII Quimsa tung_14imsanir leccionx.
Vocabulary - Arunaca
ari
armafia
cuchillo (cuchillu)
chuym usuyana
chuyma
usuyana
filo, afilado edge (of a knife)sharp
olvidar to forget
cuchillo knife
resentir to resent
heart
to make sick
chuymjada (ru) consolar to console
imantaha ocultar to hide
mayt'ana (ru) prestar to lend
ni ningrin no
yatiyana comunicar to make known,communicate
Grammar - Splaparlafiatagpi
I. Pronominal objects with negative punctual verbs. Identical to the positive
punctual forms, with the addition of the discontinuous negative infix:
verb stem + (plural infix) + negative -c- + pronominal object+ negative
e.g. chursma 'I gave (it).to you'
ianiw churcsmati 'I didn't give (it) to you.'
II. Word order: the indirect pronominal object generally precedes the direct
object and janiw may precede the subject (cf. order in positive sentences,
grammar, lesson XXXII).
e.g. MasUro'' 'aniw na a'i 'umar kola ma Ocsmati cunalaNcute tatqiin
mart' . 'Yesterday -I didn't lend you money, because I had
to lend my father (money).'
III. ni 'no': may precede ma iuc'a 'a little'
The suffix -sa (as in mank's) may be attached to countable nouns and
requires the elision of the final vowel of the root of native words
(cf. also p. 111 above on horasa.)
e.g. pasUroiLimiyagaria" 'umar ni and c'a mank's wai ectanti.
'Yesterday Maria didn't present you with a little food.'
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360
LESSON XXXIII - Grammar
IV. Negative in is followed by a positive verb.
e.g. Layrirodi "aniw nayar yatiyguistati, cunats 'an Yatiaist
'The other day you didn't notify me why not?' (lit. 'You nozified
me, why not?')
Jan kollkenitwa 'I don't have money' (lit. 'Without I have money.')
Substitution Drill - Wasa anunac uscuna
M. Sojjta kawr janiw nayajj jumar churcsmati.
E. Sojjta kawr janiw nayajj jumar churcsmati.
M. jumajj nayar
E. Sojjta kawr janiw jumajj nayar churquistati.
M. pakallk wallpanac
E. Pakallk wallpanac janiw jumajj nayar churquistati.
14. jupajj jiwasar
E. Pakallk wallpanac janiw jupajj jiwasar churquistuti
M. jupajj jumar
E. Pakallk wallpanac janiw jupajj jumar churctamti.
M. quimsakallk asnonac
E. Quimsakallk asnonac janiw jupajj jumar churctamti.
M. nayajj jumanacar aljapcsmati
E. Quimsakallk asnonac janiw nayajj jumanacar aljapcsmati.
M. jumajj nanacar
E. Quimsakallk asnonac janiw jumajj nanacar aljapquistati.
M. pheska caballonac
E. Pheska caballonac janiw jumajj nanacar aljapquistati.
jupajj nanacar
E. Pheska caballonac janiw jupajj nanacar aijapquituti.
M. jupajj jiwasar
E. Pheska caballonac janiw jupajj jiwasar aljquistuti.
M. quimsa anunac
E. Quimsa anunac janiw jupajj jiwasar aljquistuti.
M. apakquistuti
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361
LESSON XXXII' - Substitution Drill
E. Quimsa anunac janiw jupajj jiwasar apakquistuti.
N. nayajj jumar
E. Quimsa anunac janiw nayajj jumar apakcsmati.
N. Llatunc chawllanac janiw jupajj jiwasar. wajjt'apluistuti.
E. Llatunc chawllanac janiw jupajj jiwasar wajjt'apquistuti.
jupajj jumanacar
E. Llatunc chawllanac janiw jupajj jumanacar:wajjeapctamti.
M. nanacajj jumanacar
E. Llatunc chawllanac janiw nanacajj jumanacar wajeapcsmati.
M. quimsa ovejanac catuyapcsmati
E. Quimsa ovejanac janiw nanacajj jumanacar catuyapcsmati.
T. jumanacajj nanacar
E. Quimsa ovejanac janiw jumanacajj nanacar catuyapquistati.
jupanacajj nanacar
E. Quimsa liq'i ovejanac janiw jupanacajj.nanacar catuyamllituti.
M. jupanacajj jiwasar churapquistuti
E. Quimsa liq'i ovejanac janiw jupanacajj jiwasar chu apquistuti.
jumajj nanacar
E. Quimsa ovejanac janiw jumajj nanacar churapquistati.
M. ma machak .aut
E. Ma machak aut janiw jumajj nanacar churapquistati.
14. nayajj jumar
E. Ma machak aut janiw nayajj jumar churcsmati.
N. jumanacajj nanacar
E. ma machak aut janiw jumanacajj nanacar. churapquistati.
M. mayt'apquistati
E. ma machak aut janiw jumanacajj nanacar mayeapquistati.
M. jupajj jiwasanacar
E. Ma machak aut janiw jupajj jiwasanacar mayeapquistuti.
N. scjjta ari cuchill
E. Sojjta ari cuchill janiw jupajj jiwasaoacar mayeapquistuti.
M. Haslirojj janiw nayajj jumar quimsa tunc pheskan c' awn aljcsmati.
E. MasUrojj janiw nayajj jumar quimsa tunc pheskan c'awn alcsmati.
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-Tauelodelluem saAnp esonc Hm Tu mTuep aednC ppeaeuesumTP ppeaEmiteH ea
aednp CpeaeuesemTr 'pi
0T4melodesluem saAnp esanp Em Tu mTuef aupeuemnp ppednp ppeaEmiCer4 .a
aeaeuemnr ppednr 0H
Tlemsadeouem saAnp rianp Em Tu mTueP aeoeuumnp ppelieu ppeapABH °3
avoeuemnp ppetteu ppaRmAem 1,1
Tluv3a1luem salinp vamp Em Tu mTuep aupeuednp ppesemTr ccoaulAn 3 puelosluem saAnp usonc Em Tu mTuep H
sow= usanr Em Tu auaeuednp presemTp proaniAeN 2 avoeuednp ppesemTg 'N
Tlnlinbdualqem vamp Em Tu aeaeueu ccuovuudnc ManakeN .a 1
aeaeueu ppeoeuednp 'N
.T4e1sTnbdeorpem soluem esanC Hm to arm= ppeaeuemnp pcoaRaAvm .a
.aeauueu Ppeoeuemnp ppoanalcuu
Tamelooppem saluem vamp Rm Tu aumnP preTauK mTuep ppoansen °3
Tlmelooppam soluem usonc Em Tu N TamelorTe umuip umisatid aunl esmTnb armnP ppsTauN mTuup rpanser4 .a
aemnp PeTaw H "Pu30Pre umusa ueAsaqd aunl usmTnb aeTaBH fpumnp mtuuP. PconsuN 'a
is"ExeN creumc
sT1n1Tnbpie umesa uelseqd aun4 usmInb aeAeu ppednp mTurp ppoansull .a
avAeu ppedng g
ttZaQ uopn3T4sqns iiixxx mossai
uT9C
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Tweloantip
TlnaTnbantio
praoantio
Tar4sTnbdrintio
peqoaluto
pelsTnbantio
Tvantio
prmsodrantio
Tvantio
pumsoanuo
apnimmww.ORYIS.. armq mTurc pan"' -arAru aTurC ppednr
so1111%mwo
arprurdric
290BUVU
ardnr
arAeu
arovuednp
aroruumnp
arcing
egranto
La-turf Ppranr
mTurc Premnr
tiTuer prrtunr
mTusg Ccemnr
mTurf peReft
mTurc rpeArm
aTurc NekeN
--armq mTurc ppeAril
ruripeqoqd oeunay - Mat' uoTlaidmoo
.Tlemsodrantip vitip rpErm aroeurmq ffraeuru mTurr cpaurmes ITsrd
arpruemnf pporuru greurmas iTsed
.T4n4Tnbantio ziostio rpTem arkeu cceTarli mTurg ccoiniArm
pnaTnbantp No op rpErm
.T41.11TnbAT4rA arAru preTarm mTurc CCoallaArN
arAvu cceTzell
pur4pAT4rA aroeurd4 ccesemTp mTurg PcoaniArm
arouurdnp persumTp
T4r4sTnbAT4rA arAuu Hemp mTueg ccoanaArN
arAru ccrtunC
.T4n1TnbdrATTrA ark= pproeued4 mTurg UoiniAem
pnlInbdrAT4rA
.TanqpbdrAnTep nyoll auAru gporuednp mTuer cpanaAril
arAru pproeurdnp
-T134n3ro ITT01 arorued4 cpeAru mTurC rroanaArm
ProanaAru
T43Anlro 1TTox arprued4 ccrAru mTurc rcesccrqd ITTea
Aroeurdnr CceAru
TrilTnbAnlro
Z9C,
Numx arAeu ppeasor mTurg Ppaspgrqd aTsed
. z
'N
.a
.a
.a
N 'a *N.
7i.
'N
'a
' X
'a
'14
3
TiTaa uoTvilpsqnS NOSSTI
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LESSON XXXIII - Completion Drill
Jupajj jauiv jupar
Jupajj janiw jiwasar
Jupajj janiw jiwasanacar
Jupajj janiw nanacar
Jupajj janiw jumanacar
Jupajj janiw jupanacar
Jiwasajj janiw jupar .
Jiwasajj janiw jupanacar
Jiwasanacajj janiw jupar
Jiwasanacajj janiw jupanacar
Nanacajj janiw jumar
Nanacajj janiw jupar
Nanacajj janiw jumanacar
Nanacajj janiw. jupanacar
Jumanacajj janiw nayar
Jumanacajj janiw jupar
Jumanacajj janiw nanacar
Jumanacajj janiw jupanacar
Jupanacajj janiw nayar
Jupanacajj janiw jumar
Jupanacajj janiw jupar
Jupanacajj janiw jiwasar
Jupanacajj janiw jiwasanacar
Jupanacajj janiw nanacar
Jupanacajj janiw jumanacar,
Jupanacajjjaniw jupanacar
Sojjta kawr nayajj jumar janiw (catuvafia) .
Sojjta'kawr jumajj nayar janiw (caluyala).
333
Churquiti
churquistuti
churapquistuti
churapquituti
churapctamti
churquiti
churctanti
churapctanti/churci:alli
churctanti
churapctanti
chu,:apcsmati
churapcti
churepcsmati
churapcti
churapquistati
churapctati.
churapquistati
churapctati
churapquituti
churapctanti.
churapquiti
churapquistuti/churquistuti
churapquistuti/churquistuti
churapquituti.
churapctanti.
churapquiti
catuycsmati
catuyquistati
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LESSON XXXIII - Completion Drill
Quimsa kawr jupajj nayar janiw (churafia).
Sojjta kawr jiwasajj jupar janiw (catuyaria).
Quimsa wallp j iwasanacaj j jupar janiw (churafia).
Quimsa wallp nanacajj jumar janiw (churana).
Pakallk chhiwchh jumanacajj nanacar janiw
(catuyafia) .
Pakallk chhiwchh jupanacajj jumanacar janiw
(catuyafia).
Ma libra azucar nayajj jupar janiw
1'1 libra azucar jumajj jupar janiw (mayearia).
Pusi arrob ch'ok jupajj jupar janiw (payearia).
MR libra azucar jiwasajj jupar janiw (mayeafia).
Pusi arrob ch'ok jiwasanacajj jupar janiw
(churana).
Pusi arrob ch'ok nanacajj jupar janiw (churana).
Pusi arrob ch' ok jumanacajj jupar janiw (churafia).
Pusi arrob ch'ok jupanacajj jupar janiw (churafia).
chuymjana
NayrUrojj janiw nayajj jumar
NayrUrojj janiw jupajj jumar
NayrUrojj janiw nanacajj jumar
NayrUrojj janiw jupanacajj jumar
churafia
MaymBrajj janiw jupajj jiwasar quimsa jamach'inac
Maymarajj janiw jupanacajj jiwasar quimsa
jamach'inac
Nayrayp'ojj janiw jupajj jiwasanacar kollk
Nayrayp'ojj janiw jupanacajj jiwasanacar kollk
mAyeafia
MasUrojj janiw nayajj jumar kollkcunalaycutej j tatajjar maytlafiajjanwa.
364
churquituti
catuyctanti
churapctanti
churapcsmati
catuyapquistati
. .
catuyapctamti
mayt'cti
mayectati
mayequiti
mayectanti
churapctanti
churapcti
churapctati
churapquiti
chuymjcsmati
chuymjctamti
chuymjapcsmati
chuymjapctamti
churquistuti
churapquistuti
churapquistuti
churapquistuti
mayecsmati
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LESSON XXXIII - Completion Drill
MasUrojj janiw nayajj jupar kollkcunalaycutejj jilajjar mayeafiajjkwa.
MasUrojj janiw nayajj jumanacar kollkcunalaycutejj Pedror mayeafiajjdnwa.
NayrUrojj janiw nayajj jupanacar kollk ,
cunalaycutejj cullacajjar mayeaiajjanwa.
vatiyatla
NayrUrojj janiw jumajj nayar , cunats janyatiyista?
NayrUrojj janiw jumajj jupar , cunats janyatiy ajja?
NayrUrojj janiw jurajj nanacar cunatsjan yatiyapjjesta?
NayrUrojj janiw jumajj jupanacar , cunatsjan yatiyta?
chuymjafia, sismIgaujia
MasUrojj janiw jupajj nayar , antisaw
MasUrojj janiw jupajj jumar , antisaw
chuymiana, laruna
MasUrojj janiw jupajj jiwasar , antisaw
rayrUrojj janiw jupajj jiwasanacarantisaw
Nayrllrojj janiw jupajj
NayrUrojj janiw jupajjantisaw
NayrUrojj janiw jupajjantisaw
Haymarajj
Maymgraj
ilaymUraj j
..vtaymaraj j
yatiyafia, imantana
nanacar
mayt'cti
mayeapcsmati
mayecti
yatiyquistati
yatiyctati
yatiyapquistati
yatiyctati
chuymjquitutichuym usuyitu
chuyinjetamtichuym usuytam
chuymjquistutilurusi
chuymjaqpquistutilarusi
antisaw yatiyapquitutiimanti
jumanacar
jupanacar
yatiyapctamtiimanti
yetiyapquitiimanti
janiw j iwasaj j jupar kollk (:navt'ana). mayt'ctanti
janiw jiwasajj jupanacar kollk (mayt'ana). mayt'apctanti
janiw jiwasanacajj jupar ovej .(churafia). churapctanti
janiw jiwasanacajj jupanacar ovej (churafia).churapctanti
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LESSON XXXIII - Completion Drill
Pasir semanajj nanacajj
Pasir semanajj nanacajj
Pasir semanajj nanacajj
Pasir semanajj nanacajj
mayeatia.
janiw jumar iquifi
janiw jupar iquifi
janiw jumanacar iquifi
janiw jupanacar iquin
mayt'apcsmati
mayt'apcti
mayt'apcsmati
mayeapcti
Questions and Answers - Jisceananacampi iyaw safianacampi
M.
E.
E.
E.
U.
E.
M.
E.
M.
E.
M.
E.
TI.
E.
Jumajj nayar churistati?
Nayajj janiw jumar churcsmati.
Nayajj jumar chursmati?
Jumajj janiw nayar churquistati.
Jupajj nayar churituti?
Jupajj jumar janiw churctamti.
Jiwasajj jupar churtanti?
Jiwasajj jupar janiw churctamti.
Nanacajj jumanacar churapjjsmati?
Janiwa,jumanacajj nanacar janiw churapquistati.
Sojjta kawr jumajj nayar catuyistati?
Sojjta kawr nayajj jumar janiw catuycsmati.
ma libra azucar jumajj jupar mayeati?
Ma libra azucar nayajj jupar janiw mayt'cti.
Nayrarojj nayar chuymjistati?
Nayrarojj janiw nayajj jumar chuymjcsmati.
366
Nayarojj janiw jumajj nayar yatiyquistati, cunats jan yatiyista/
E. Nayrarojj janiw nayajj jumar yatiycsmati, nayajj armagtu.
M. Maymarajj jiwasajj jupar kollk mayeanti?
E. Janiwa, maymarajj janiw jupar kollk mayectanti.
Pasir semanajj iquifi mayeapjjestati/
E. Janiwa, pasir semanajj nanacajj janiw jumar iquifi mayt'apcsmati.
M. Tata Marcos, cuns jumajj nayar churista?
E. Janiw cuns churcsmati.
NI. Tata Enrique, jumajj pheska lamanamp pa phuqhump churistati?
E. Janiw churquistati.
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LESSON XXXIII - Questions and Answers
367
El. Tata, jiwasajj Carlosar cuns churtan?
E. Chompanac churtan.
M. Yokalla, nanacajj jumanacar pelot anatafiatac churapjjsmati?
E. Janiw churapquistati.
M. Mama, jupanacajj jumanacar kollk alasipjjanamatac mayeapjjtamti?
E. Janiw mayt'apquituti.
M. Qhitis nanacar chompamp polleramp aljapjjetu?
E. Janiw qhitis aljapctamti.
Qhitinacas jumar vac lunthatapjjtam?
E. Janiw qhitis lunthatapctamti.'
FL MasUrojj jupaji jumar chuymj tamti?
E. Janiw chuymiquituti, antisaw laruei.
M. Masarmanthejj nanacajj jumanacar chuymjapjjsmati?
E. Janiw chuymjapquistati, antisaw larusipjjtajja.
NE. Pasir semanajj jupajj nayar iquifi mayeituti?
E. Janiw mayectamti.
N. Pasir semanajj jupajj jiwasanacar yatiyistuti?
E. Janiw yatiyquistuti.
Dialogue - Cuento
TIMOTEOJJ AYMAR CLASENQUIWA
Timoteo: Nayajj janiw aymar yatekan puedcti, camacharaquYjja....
Maestro: Jan llaquisimti, aymarajj ch'amawa, ucampis ma urojj parlatawa.
Timoteo: Secretariojj janiw leccionanac churquituti, janiraquiwjumarojj churctamti.
Jichharmanthejj jupajj tunca pheskan leccionanac churitu,ucampis uca leccionanacajj janiw walYquiti, wasitat nayajj
lura
T: Tata Juan, jumajj janYraw fiestanacat yatichapquistati,
cuarus yatichapjjetata?
Nf: Janitejj aymar yatekapcatajja, janiw yatichapcamati.I
T: Uqhamajj nanacajj jichhayp'ojj aymar yatekapjja.
Waliquiwa.... Uqhamajj jutir semanaw fiestanacat yatichapjjama2
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368
LESSON XXXIII - Dialogue
T: Pablo amigojjajj janiw aymar yatekaii munquiti, cunalaycutejjjuparojj janiw leccionanac churapquiti.
M: Jupatejj aymar jan yatekcanejja, janiw Boliviar sarcaniti.
T: Nayaw jupar yanapa, pasir semanajj janiw yanapcti.
M: Waliquiw tata Timoteo jichhajj horasawa, samarafiasawa.Arumanthiw wasitat clasejj utjani, jutatati?
T: JYsa, jutHwa, amigojjajj jutaraquiniwa.
M: Waliquiwa, jiquisificama.
NOTES
1 future tense with pronominal object 'I am not going to
teach you.'
2 yijapjjkLatclla: future tense with pronominal object 'I am going to
teach you.'
TATA JOSEAJJ OVEJ KALLUNAC CHBAKAYI1
Jose: Utani...2
Mama: Tatay...
J: Mama, anumarac achjitaspa.
Jutascaquim, acsa chekar mantasincaquim tata.
J: Ay mama, mayay jisceasima.
M: Cunach tata?
J: MasUruw jisc'a imillajjajj kollur ovej amp vacamp awatir anaquYna,ucat jupajj pH disc'a ovej kallunac chhakayatayna, janit awatiri -majj ufijcpacha?.5
M: Ay ucaw tata, tamajjan yakha ovejajj janiw utjquiti, inasawatirejjajj ufijchi, jupar jisct'I chhH.4
(Hamajj awatiriparuw jiscei)
M: Lulu, janit tata Josean ovej kallunacap ufijcta? MasUrojj awatiri
paw ovej kallunac chhakayatayna.
I4du: Janiw ufijcti, awatiripajj janiw nayamp awatctnti, jupaij tataMarianon awatiripampiw awatina, inas ucan tamapancchi.
M: Janit yatctasti? avisita, jan ucajj tiwulach achoke?6
L: Janiw mama, inas tiwul achokchi, janiw unjcti.
(Mamajj tata Josear avisiriw mistuni)
M: Tata Jose, awatirejjajj janiw ufijcataynati. Awatirimajj tataMarianon awatiripampiw swat --siwa. Inas tata Marianon tamapancchi.
-r
"1
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LESSON XXXIII - Dialogue
J: . CamgcharaouTstis ughlimajj tata Marianon utap sari, sarawayK mami4
M: Saraquimay tata, mach uca ovej tamancpacha.
(Tata Joseajj tata Marianon utaparuw puri)
J: Tata, buenos dias.
Mariano: Visitt'aniquitay tata, aca chekar samaream7
tata Jose.
J: Ay tata, mg llaquiruw purta.8
Mariano: Ay ucawa, cuna llaquiraquisti'
J: Ay tata Mariano, masilruw jisc'a imillajjajj koilur ovej amp vecampanaquYna, ucat jupajj pH jisc'a ovej kallunac chhakayatayna, maynimamajj juman awatirimampiw imillajjajj awatYn --situwa. Jichh?jjucat jutta, janit ovej tamamamp cnicdqui0
Mariano: Janiw tata, khanHapawa, munst ucajj utarasiscaquim, ovejtamajjajj uyuncasquiwa.10
. . 11(Joseajj oval tam ufihri)
Mariano: Inas tiwul mank'antchi, janit koll thaker sarctasti?
J: Janiraw sarcti, acajj janiw ovej taman cuna ovej kallunacaautjquiti, caacharaquYsti?
Mariano: Kollur saram, ucHcan lip'ichejj utjasepachawa.12
J: Aqhilmajj tata Mariano, wall llaouitapinYtwa.
Mariano: Jah llaquisimt tata, inach ufistjjani.13
(Joseajj Marianon utapatjj, kollu uncatatau earl)14
J: Ay aqhHmajja, cawquincaracpach ovej kallunacajjasti? tiwulatmank'antpache qhitich iniantpaehen
(Joseajj ma jach'a kala jac'an ovej kallunacapan lip'ichinacapacufiji. Uc ufijasinsti jupajj wal jachi, bcatsti utaparuW uca
lip'ichinac apasinjje. Ovej kallunacapjj tivulaw mank'antatayna. 16
NOTES
1 ovej ka7tu (iwij kallu) 'lamb' (lit.'sheep offspring!).
2 utani 'tz ter of the house' The -ni possessive suffix may be
attached to nouns; verb endings may be attached to form a verb
e.g. .autoni 'owner of the car' meaning 'to have, own ':
autoniwa 'he owns a car'
autonitwa 'I own a car'
autonicti 'I don't own a car'
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370
LESSON XXXIII - Dialogue - Notes
3 anaquMna: 3rd person singular imperfect.
chhakayatayna: 3rd person singular pluperfect. The pluperfect is
frequently used in recounting stories, but seems to be rare in
colloquial Aymara. Rudimentos suggests that the tense also 'refers
to facts of which the speaker has been previously in ignorance'
(p. 164).
The forms are as follows:
sarafia
saratilta saratPtan sarapijaatansarapjjatHta
sarat1ta saraujiatata
saratayna sarapjjatayna
The suffixes -wa and -tea may also be attached; in the 1st person
singular and plural, the final vowel is elided when a suffix follows:
saratatwa, sarapiiattitaa, etc. In the negative, -c- is inserted after
the verb stem (or plural infix) and -ti is attached at the end; in the
negative, the plural infix takes the form -2s7:
e.g. nmiLimjajgang15gssi
nanacajj janiw sarapcat4tti, etc.
4 tama 'flock, herd'
jisct'ana [ ru] 'to ask'
chha 'let's see'
5 ssopancchi 'perhaps it is in the flock.'
6 ciwula 'fox.' (Cf. tiwula 'uncle' in vocabulary, Lesson I).
achokafla 'to bite off (with the mouth)'
7 samart'afia 'to rest'. The infix may have the meaning of
momentary activity or politeness.
8 ELllaguirgERurita 'I have troubles' (lit. 'a trouble has reached ma)
9 mayni ' the other'
chica 'together'
10 khana 'clear; light.' A verb stem may be formed by lengthening the
final vowel.
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371
LESSON XXXIII - Dialogue - Notes
unjarasiscaquim 'just have a look around'
-ra- indicates action takes place in many places or involvesmany activities.
-si- reflexive suffix
-sea- durative suffix
7.94.1-7 'only'
-m imperative suffix
11 ufijardia 'to look on all sides, around'.
12 lip'ichi 'leather,, hide, skin'
mliascana 'to be, have.' (durative of utiana)
13 ufistatia 'to appear, turn up'
14 utiatana 'to look at': passive participle
15 imana 'to hide'
16 uniasinsti 'seeing'
The infix -sine- attached to the infinitive stem (and after the plural
infix) forms a past active participle. The action of the particip;
in -sine.- precedes that of the main verb; the subject cf the
part'4.ciple and the main verb is the same.
e.g. mank'asina sarjjewa 'having eaten, he left.'
The suffixes -wa and EA may be attached to -sine-, with elision
the final vowel (e.g. mank'asinija)
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372
LESSON XXXIV Quimsa tunc pusinir lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
arjjatana [ru] defender to defend
jabona (jawuna) jabOn soap
jisct'afia [ru] preguntar to ask
mayifia pedir to request
tijera (tijira(sa)) tijera scissors
wanu abono fertilizer
yanaca cosas things
Grammar - Suma parlafiataqui
I. Future tense with attached pronominal objects: the endings are
attached to the verb stem:
'I' to 1 1you sg. -Hma
'him' -a (=1st sing. future)
'you' pl. -(aPii)-Hma
'them' -a (=1st sing. future)
1'me'you ' to
sing.
":1e' to
-it1ta
'him' -Hta (= 2nd singular future)
'us' (pl) -(apjj4etHta
'them' -Hta (= 2nd singular future)
'me' -itani
1you' -Htam
'him' -ani (= 3rd sing. future)
'us' (dual) -istani
'us' (dual pl) -(apjj)-estani
'us' (plural) -(apjj)-estani
'you' (plural) -(apii)-Stami
'them'
'we' to 'him'
(dual)
'them'
-(anii) =gai (= 3rd pl. future)
-an Hni (= 1st dual future)
-(apjj)*-afianl (= 1st dual (plural) future)
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373
LESSON XXXIV - Grammar
'wee to 'him' -(apii)-anani (= 1st dual pl. future)(dual plural)
'them' -(aPjj)-aani (= 1st dual pl. future)
'you' -(an ii)111'we' to(plural)
'him'
'you' pl.
'them'
'you' to ms(p1)
'him'
'us' (pl.)
'them'
'they' to 'me'
'you'
'him'
-(22.11) :1 (=
-(a0.j)-4ma
-(a1:011)4 (=
-(aqij)-eata
1st plural future)
1st plural future)
-(aolj)-hta (= 2nd pl.
-(apjj)-etRta
-(Aaij)-Pta (= 2nd pl.
-(apij)-etani
-(apj:9-eni (= 3rd pl.
future)
future)
future)
'us' (dual) -(ap:Ii)*-e3tani
'us' (dual pl.)-(api)-estani
'us' (pl.) -(aotp-etani
'you' (pl.) -(aPii)-Mtam
'them' -(epjj)-ani (= 3rd pl. future)
The negative verb forms are identical to the positive forms, plus the
discontinuous negative infix: - c...ti.
e.g. churcamati, churcati , etc.
The prefixes -iia and -wa may be attached directly to the endings.
II. Word order: Subject + full proncmiral object + direct object
A -tac construction ('for, for the purpose of) enjoys a
free distribution.
e.g. lawnavei'u,ALaj_jnarLrutirsemarnatac73heskaiwinalima.
'Next week I'll sell you five blankets for your brother.'
Jutir maraw utataclimaiijumer calamin churama.
'Next year I'll give you tin for your house.'
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VLE
elpTilAum aapT4 esmTnb
sv3R3Tingo ITTLIono Tau eNsatid ariteu ppumnp pfoluleta
leAeu fpumnp 4 'enan43 ITTIPTI0 Tau e4satid aumnp ppeAuu ppolnauqx .a
-umNantio TITtiono Tau eqsatid aumnp pfelcuu pPoInam
.mulEppdellosTp inns aupeuemnp ppeoeuudnr g aupeuumnp pPe3uuudnp
RoosTp urns audnp ppeAuN g ardnp CpuiSeu 'N
.umgpdullosTp tuns armnr fpupeueN g aumnp ppeoulleu
-unpcdellosTp inns audnp pfezeuumni .a
elapdealosTp urns 4 .elgpdvAnwo In lednp ppuauuumnr
ardnc quoeuumnp 14
TuRpuppduAnleo ln aupeuednp ppeouttesumTr 'a
leouuednp cpuovuesumTp
TuelappdvAn4up In auAeu ppeaeuednr a aeSuu ppuoeuednc 4
selpappduAnluo In aupeueu Ppuzeuumnr .g
unlappdualeo In 14
sulpappdellAum outiormono Tau elisaqd aupeuuu Ppepeuumni .a
avoutleu ppouuumnf .14
emEppduslicum peuormono Tau elsoqd aumnp geOEUEN a aemq ppeoeueu 14
Tue3sTslicum oeuouTiono Tau u4satid ausumg ppedni. a TuulsTilitem ouuniTtiono Tau misrqd
TuelsTango NIT01 arsemTp prednr g lesumTp ppudnp
'ennantlo laTol arleu cpumnf *H
auAeu ppemnp 14
.umNantp Num' aumnp cruxell .a
-umNantio ATTol aumnp rCe4e14 .14
AIXXX NOSS31
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ispeuedaC cCeAeu lg
T4Tupea4eccar mpeC iednr gesemu 3 iednc rcesemTC ,1
TTem.Rodevccae mTuec aemnf eryeuem 3 aemnp gepeueu
TlywnTnbzecclu mTuec leAeu ptednr 3 TIlTumnburcae
.T3Tue3Tnbanp mTuec arSeu ?Cedric .a
aekeu ppednr jg
.Tzempantia aumnr muer ppeiceN .3
opempantio aumnc nfueg ccuAum 'Yd
.Tue3aCcdeanto 1119k1 pito spbeleuevndeA ae4eu rgezeuednp pcoadicareqx .3
lekeu ccepeuednC
-Tugueinvo uem PAO mTnbuleuellondelt aednr ClesemTC UoidAereqx .3
TuEueantio uen PAO nTnbuleurtiondui:
.TuNueozsTc Ten andnp NesemTp cco4d4vaeqm *2:
xecinc cgesemc lg
0.0:2N2a4deoosTc Tea asAtu ppezeuemnC proldiceamix .3
aviceu ffeouemnC N.
g,33sTF Tem aezeuednr ppeAvu cpidAexera 3 Hozsit7 T1
.Ecie uocier esumb aeoeuednc ppekeu ppidiceieqx .3
leDeuednr rpeiceu
TuRueccdefte uocier esmTnb aezeuednp prepeuesumTf CCold4uaelx .3
cco,dkeimix
.TuRtlecfclecTv uoger esmTnb lepeuednF fCroeuesemc Ccetiwymniv .g
aepeuednC geoeuesemTr
.um3cfctucte ucciec'esmTnb aemnp.Cceoeueu ;Fatpuemniv
smgrdurie uocreC
..empqdullSem aepp esmTnb aemnp Creopueu ffetpuemniv .3 aEmnc cceorueu 'N
.Tue3T'oicem aaCT4 usmTnb aekeu Cpednp Ccepuemniv 3 aeAeu CcednC ffetpuemnie
as p2T,;Aum aectl smtnb auleu fiemnc Ccoinauqx g
TiTia ucT3n3T1sqns taxxx Nossaq
Sir
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1
Twdeinqa uociec uelsaqd vounl
.T4Rode1 ccem peueiAnc mTuef aeoeued4 PPEDEUEU cpaym apnr
1e3eued4 ppeoeueu
epTuRuezoccem oeueiAnc mayuec aeoeued4 ccusemTp cceiem army
aeoeuednC presemTC
-FlunTynboccem osueiAnc mTuup aeleu 4=4 ppiem xprif
aultuu Cpumnp claim iT34
.pruillodeoppa oeuei44 mruep aeouumunp ppeamteu prailluemniv
pumpdeoppem DeueiAnC
spewRodeArde uum calt0 mTuec avoeuem4 ccupeueu preqluemniv
aeoeuum4 geoeueu
smuu3sTnbAedu uem Carlo lesumTp CCednp mTueC qmpuewnav
iesemg predrq
'pump/cede uem P8410 aemq ffeAeu mTuec qeqluemniv
.Tlempicede uum Carlo ietanc ffeAeu mTuec getpuetuniv
.T4Turgezdeolem rutiono elseqd mTuec avommidn P PPeoetresvmTr
mufiguodeokem TTPlon3 misatld
T4Tunmeadvanqo DeuRA mTuef aeopuedn p ppeoeuesemu
avoeuedric prepeuesumTp
.pme4Rodeinqo veuNA mTuec appeuemnf ccepeuednr
aeoeuemq ccepeuednf
T4e4H4Tnbdeinq3 peuRA mTuec aepeueu pemnr
pe4R4Tnbdeinqo oeuRA
...p.e4H4TnbdeozsTP mTuec auDeueu ppemnr
aupeueu quorq
.T4TumnbdeopsTp mTueC lepeueu ppednr
aupeueu ffednp
.T3u4H4Tadeslosg mTuec aepeueu Cpeoeuetunr
avoeueu Cprzeuumnp
.T3HolvsTp mTuec aupeuednp ppekeR
PR0133sTP aTuuc
mTuef aeoeuednp quitem
9/.£
'14
'a
*14
a 141
'14
'a
N
- 11
71
'N
.3
.N
a
H 14
.3
IA
.3
.3
14
.a
14
N
14
.3
ITTaa uopnlpsqns - AIXXX NOSSTI
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*T4TuelTnbd4AnTeo ammammi ensatid ATtlec atioeueu rpoeuednc ccusaw .a
miler
.TuvlacCdeAnwo ovueamex exsatid avoeueu rfeapuednr Munn,' .a
imam' ccupeued4 Ccutiaem 4 ..eultUdeknlep orueamel elsatid aeoeuemnf Nem= preuumes apnr .a
.emardeAnwo veugamln pAsatid
.pumodsolCum Tyrol aTuer aeostremnp CCepeueu ffeuemas afar a avommunc ccepeueu
pTuu3Tnbi3Aem xuol hype c aelteu ffecinC ccEUEMS ITUT a &pup 14
'T1103T,44em ATM aukau ppednp Cpuemas apnr .a
aukeuctednp ffeuemas apnc 14
Tup3accduil4em ITIoA aymmu cppeuednC Proanaeu a Tue4eCrdeokem
-T;lue4Tnbdeantio ITTo4 mtueC aemuru cCepeurcITIC ccoaaleu a mplup '14
Gpielaggdeantio TEI011 aupsum cfpoeurdng Ccoanamix .a
avommu cpovuednr
-auRanq3 num' aemnp CceAeu ccoanagqx .a
*2111Rant13 IITT04 lemq geAsu tcoanaeu 4 .Tlyve7,Tabdui 4.4.RM quox luvium Delud taTuuC aeAeu creosueenc Ccoapaequ .a
aeAuu preaeuedn; Muria:eq.' 11
"PP= -syi u a
lice u Tuan 4unaem of Ed mTuec avommsemTc rredn; F;e2V111 2T3nr sa
muu2spbdellAem yraol nueaen puled 1.1
"FTP*4 -subduarup uccief ueNseqd uoun4 ATuec aeneuusemTp gpedric ffeasm IT3nr ,a
anoeuvseigc Cpcing
"Pen3 -Tnihianqp uoqaC umisaqd youn4 mTusC auprueu ccepeuemnc [Team ITImf .g
awJeueu rpeleuemnp 14
-2,umnodeantio uo4vc uelseqd upu114 ATueC aepeuemnp CceAeu quaem anni
aeoeuetanc pfekeu
73-,2d,anqo uoTec =valid eoun2 mTuec aeoeuednC Cpoeueu gal= 2T3nr
ITT1G uoT3n3T4sqnS AIXXX NOSSTI
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378
LESSON XXXIV - Substitution Drill
M. jumajj jupanacar
E. Maranjj jumajj jupanacar janiw pheska kawranac catuycttati.
jiwasanacajj jupanacar
E. Maranjj jiwasanacajj jupanacar janiw pheska kawranac catuyapcanHniti.
M. pakallk ari cuchillonac aljapcanHniti
E. Maranjj jiwasanacajj jupanacar janiw pakallk ari cuchillonac
aljapcanHniti.
M. kharUrojj jupajj jumanacar
E. KharUrojj jupajj jumanacar janiw pakallk ari cuchillonac aljapcHtamti.
Completion Drill - Arunac phokachana
churatia
KharUruw jiwasanacajj jupanacar pheska warank churapjjanHni
kollk
KharUruw nanacajj jumanacar pheska warankkollk
KharUruw jumanacajj nanacar pheska warankkollk
KharUrum jupanacajj jupanacar pheska warankkollk
Kharayp'uw nayajj jupar pheska jabon
Kharayp'uw jumajj jupar pheska jabon
Kharllruw jupajj nayar tunca pheskanchawllanac
Kharayp'uw jiwasajj jupanacar pheska jabon
Kharliruw jiwasanacajj jupar tunca pheskan ari
cuchillonac
KharUrojj
Kharllroj j
KharUrojj
Kharliroj j
KharUrojj
KharUrojj
KharUroj j
janiw nayajj jupar mank'
janiw jumajj nayar mank'
janiw jupajj jupar mank'
janiw jiwasanacajj jupanacar mank'
janiw nanacajj jumanacar mank'
janiw jumanacajj nanacar mank' 11.40
janiw jupanacajj jupanacar mank'
churapjjka
churapjjetHta
churapjjani
churl
churl ta
churitani
churarigni
churapjjaani
churcHmati
churquitUtati
churcaniti
churapcaaniti
churapcHmati
churapquitatati
. churapce'titi
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LESSON XXXIV - Completion Drill
'7^
mart' of
Jurpgruw nanacajj jupanacar tunca mayan autonac mayt'apjjg
os..pmdOM.aJurpgruw jumanacajj jupanacar quiraserallkautonac
Jurpgruw jupanacajj nanacar quimsakallkiquifianac
catuyana,
Arumanthejj jiwasanacajj jupanacar janiw ovejauac
mayeapjPta
payt apj jetani
catuyapcafigniti
marajj nanacajj jumanacar janiw isinac-atuyapcgmrti
Jutir marajj jumanacajj nanacar janiw ygnac catuyapguitgtaLi
Jutir marajj jupanacajj jumanacar janiw ygnaccatuyapcgtaml-i.
Jutir semanaw nayajj jumar jilamatac pheskaiquifi aljgma
Jutir semanaw jumajj nayar jilajjatac pheska.quip Caliafia). aljitgta
Arumanthiw jupajj nayar amigojjatac machaklib:onac (churana). churitani
Jutir semanaw jiwasajj jupar mamasatac machakpoller jazsyailaL apayafigni
Arumanthiw jiwasanacajj jupanacar tata Pablotacmachak isinac (211u1A40). churapjjafigni
Arumanthiw nanacajj jumanacar cullacamatacwalja pankaranac (churafia). cburapjjgme
Kharayp'uw jumanacajj nanacar acbilajj atac merk'eisinac lchulafia).. churapjjetgta
Kharayp'uw jupanacajj jumanacar mama Mariatacmachak polleranac (aliana). aljapjjgtam
Jutir maraw utatac nayajj jumar calamin (churana). churMma
Jutir maraw yaputac jumajj nayar mg somaarad (churana). churitgta
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LESSON XXXIV - Completion Drill
mayt'afia
JurpUruw mank' phayafiatac jupajj nayar machakphuqhunac
Jutir maraw yap khech'afiatac jiwasajj juparpicomp lampamp .
JurpUruw mank' phayafiatac jiwasanacajj jupanacarmachak phuqhunac
JurpUruw isinac t'ajjsinatac nanacajj jumanacartunca jabonanac
JurpUruw isinac eajjsifiatac jumanacajj nanacartunca jabonanac
KharUruw vacanac qharifiatac jupanacajj jumanacarjach'a ari cuchillonac
Arumanthejj janiw nayajj jumar kollk (mayeafia),antisas jurpUruw (mayt'afia).
KharUrojj janiw jumajj jupar kollk
Arumanthejj janiw jupajj jumar aut
antisas
:::::y::::w(::::::::::
KharUrojj janiw jiwasajj jupar yapantisas jurpUruw (churafia).
Arumanthejj janiw jiwasanacajj jupanacar mank'(wajjeafia), antisas jutir juevesaw (waiifaria).
Arumanthejj janiw nanacajj jumanacar mank'(churana), antisas jurpUruw (churana).
JichhUrojj janiw jumanacajj nanacar mank'(wajjeafia), antisas kharUruw (wajit'afia).
JichhUrojj janiw jupanacajj jupanacar mank'(wajjeafia), antisas jurpUruw (wajjt'afia).
(churafia),
(maysIgna),
(churana),
Nayajj jichhUrojj janiw jumar chuchillcunalaycutejj qhuch (qharifia).
Jupajj jichhUrojj janiw nayar chuchillcunalaycutejj ovej (qharifia).
Jupajj jichhUrojj janiw nayar kollk (churana),cunalaycutejj warmipar kollk (churana).
Jiwasajj jichhUrojj janiw jupar mank' (churais),cunalaycutejj wallpanacar mank' (churafia).
KharUrojj janiw jiwasanacajj jupar kollk (churafia),cunalaycutejj eant'amp azucaramp (alasina).
(catuyafia),
(catuyafi2),
380
mayt'itani
mayeafigni
mayeapjjaani
mayeapjjgma
mayt'apjjetgta
mayt'apjjgtam
mayecgmatimayegma
churcatatichurgta
mayticHtamtimayegtam
churcafianitichurafigni
waj j t apcafigniti
wajjeapjjafigni
churapcgmatichurapjjgma
wajjeapquitatatiwajjeapjjedita
wajjt'apcanitiwaj j t' apj j ani
catuycHmatiqharifiajjawa
catuyquitgtatiqharinamawa
churquitanitichurafiapawa
churcangnitichurafiasawa
churapcafignitialasipjjafiasawa
4M
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381
LESSON XXXIV
Questions and Answers - Jisceafianacampi ivaw sanatv2sErai
M. KharUruw jumajj nayar pheska warank kollk ch.zritgtati?
E. nsa, khartiruw pheska warank kollk nayajj jumar churgmawa.
M. Kharlirojj janit jumajj nayar mank' churqutata?
E. Visa, khargrojj janiw nayajj jumar. mark' churcgmati.
M. Kharnyp'ojj jumanacajj nanacar achilajjatac merk'e isinac churapjjrta-
tati?
E. J2sa, kharayp'ojj nanacajj jumanacar achilamatac merk'e isinac
churapjjgmawa.
M. Jutir lunesajj jumajj nayar pg jiscla poach catayitgtati? ,
E. nsa, jutir lunesajj nayajj jumar pR jisc'a ponch catuygmawa.
Jutir Rhajisejj jumajj nayar kollk mayeitgtati?Jutir
E. Janiwa, /phajjsejj nayajj jumar janiw kollk mayt'cgmati.
r. Jutir marajj jumajj nayar calamin.churitgtati?
E. JYaa, jutir marajj nayajj jumar calamin ch-arHmawa.
M. Kharayp'ojj jumajj jupar pheska jabori chvrgtat5?
E. J!sa, kharayp'ojj nayajj jupar pheska jabon churZwa.
M. Arumanthejj nayajj jumar janit kollk mayt'egma:
E. Jisa, arumanthejj jumajj nayar janiw kollk mayequitgtati.
. Arumanthejj jiwasajj jupar janit wank' wajjt'afigni?
E. Janiwa, arumanthejj jiwasajj jupar janiw monk' wajjOcaligniti.
Khartirojj jumajj nayar cuns churltgta?
E. Mank' churHma.
Jutir lunesajj jiwasanacajj cuns jupanacar churapjjarigni?
E. Kollk churapjjafigni.
EL Arumathejj Pedrojj cuns jiwasar churistani?
E. Pakallk ovej churistani.
NE. Nayajj kharlirojj cuns jumanacar churapjjgma?
E. Ch'ok churapjjetgta.
N . Jupajj khartirojj cuns jumanacar mayipjjHtam?
E. Caballonac mayipjjetani.
N. Tata, juman yokamajj cuns Mariar .churani?
E. MI away churani.
EL Tata, juman achilamajj wank' aljitaniti?
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382
LESSON XXXIV - Questions and Answers
E. JMsa, aljatamwa.
M. Tata, warmimajj cuns nanacar churapjjetani?
E. Janiw cuns churapcHtamti.
M. Mama, jupanacajj jiwasanacar liq'i vacanac aljapjjestaniti?
E. Janiw aljapquistaniti.
M. Jutir semanajj jupanacajj Mariar mamamatac kollk apayapjjHtHti?
E. Janiw apayapcHti.
M. JurpUrojj nanacajj jumanacar anatayapjjHmati?
E. Janiw anatayapquYtatati.
M. KharUrojj cunanacs jupanacajj jumar mank'ayapjjHtam?
E. Janiw cuns mank'ayapcHtamti.
Dialogue - Cuento
MX AWQUIMP YOKAMPEJJ CH'OK SATANJJAT PARLAPJJE'satafiajja.
Awqui: Felipe, arumanthejj ch'ok satafigni, cuanlaycutejj niy horasaw
Takeniw satapjje.
Yoka: Tatay, cuna phajjsis ch'ok satatajj walejja?
A.: Todos Santos phajjsiw sumajja. Uca phajjsin satatajj ch'okejj
wal achuri.2
Y.: Jichhajj waliqu!scanit ch'ok satafiajja? Todos Santotaquejj
semanaw faltasqui, ucampirus vacaw jan utjquit ch'ok satafiata-
quejja.3
A.: WaliquTscaniwa. Vacjj Andres tiomat mayeasifiHni. MasUruw nayajj
jupamp parltta.4 Jiwasajj juparojj arrob apill churafiHni, ucat
jupajj jiwasarojj inaquiw vac mayt'stani.5
Ughlimajj jichhayp'uw apH tatay.Y.:
A.:
Y.:
Y.:
Tio:
Y.:
PH arrob phinat apakawayam, ucat apam.6
Waliquiw tatay, jichhpachaw uqhHmajj apR.
(Yokajj pa arrob apill apt'ataw tiopan utap sari)
Buenas tardes tio, buenas tardes tia, visiceanipjjkaya.7
Acajjar mantasincaquim, jach'a k'epinis jutaatajg, cuns
k'epinta?8
Ay tio, tatajjaw apayanitu, nanacajj axumantbiw ch'ok satafi
munapjjta, ucampis vacaw jan utjquiti. Jichhajj nayajj eca pH
arrob ch'ok apanta, vacay mayt'apjjet tio, koli tia mayt'-
apjjetaya
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it
LESSON XXXIV - Dialogue
Tia: Walic apantajj Felipe, vacajj ingsquiwa. Nanacajj apill munap-jjaracta, ucat masUrojj tatamar achicasipEgyata, walicpiaapantajj Felipe.10
Tic: Jichhpachat vac anaquYtajja?
Y.: Jisay tio, wank' as uithataw..11
Tio: Janiw karjayapjjgtati, karitajj aca vacanacajj wajjrasiriwa.12
Y.: Janiw tio, mg yapuc satapjji. Jutir semcnaraquiw mayeapjjetHttio.
Tia: Jutir semanajj anaouisiscatava, cunalaycutejj vacajj inHscaniwa.
Y.: Uqhgmajj anaquiwayg tio, anaquiwayg tie, kharayp'uw anaquinjjg tic,
Tio: Waliqulw, waliquiw Felipe. Tatamarojj --walic apayanitojj
Y.: Iway tic), sarawayjjg.
Tio: Saraquitray, vacarac wajjrantiriptam.13
NOTES
1 sataia !to plant (potatces, oca, etc.)!
alhuna 'to bear fruit.; produce' : achu 'fruit'
3 faltafia (p1-.1saLia.) 'to be lacking;' cf. Spanish faltar; ucempirus
4 NiyalLalampnafl.tta.'I spoke with her.' The pronominal object is
not necessary with the conjunction Men the full pro71Jmilplor -ta
object can be combined with -ru/of-is not expressed, the pronominal
object is attached to the verb:
e.g. AJEAmjamarat nar15.sta? 'Why don't, you speak to me in
Aymara: ?' (cf. Grammar, Lesson XXXII) ,
5 inaquiw 'are free.' A verb stem may be formed by IenEphening the final
vowel and attaching a verbal suffix: ingscafia 'to be free, unocetpied!
(inasciri 'one who does nothing').
6 phina 'pile of potatoes, oca.'
Verbal suffix -wava-, inserted before the endings, indicates that the
action is being performed 'in passing.'
7 visittlapiplama 'I have come ti pay you a visit.'
8 k'epi 'bund1W 'with a bundle' (lit. 'possessing a bundle');
k'epifla 'to carry a bundle'
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384
LESSON XXXIV - Dialogue - Notes
9 apayanitu 'Ile sent me'
10 achicana [rtl] 'to ask; to solicit'
11 uchatawa (from uchafia 'to put') 'ready' (i.e. 'put out')
12 Imimlaljampiatati.'Don't tire them out.'
kritatiwtwaiimsiEila 'When they are tired, they can gore.'
(lit., 'be gorers').
waiirafia 'to gore;' wajjrasiri 'one who gores'
13 wajjrantiristam'(the cattle) could gore you.':
potential verb plus pronominal object. Verbal -nta- indicates
action from outside to inside.
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LESSON XXXVVocabuL:-.ry - z.icEirs.
caldo (caldu)
chawila uallake
ch'ejje
mj0110i.jap ifiajiwcei
khant'ana [ru]
lunthatana
lunthata
purum orake
puruma
crake
t'awra lip'ichi
wac a
waneu kallu
Rniallea tMRS_PLAItiliLleccinnS
caldo
sopa de pescado
gris
tostado
tostadera
encarar
robar
ladrtin
tiprra virgen
cuero de lana
faja
cria de conejo
383
broth
fish soup
gray
toasted corn, barleyto toast
jug used for toasting
to face, to confront
to steal
thief
virgin land, soil
virgin land
land, terrain
leather with tufts ofwool or fur on it
sash
baby rabbit
Grammar - Sumasaylafiataqui
:. Imperfect verb with pronominal objects. The endings are attached
to the verb stem.
to 'you'
'him'
'you'you sing. to
'he' to
'you' (pl.)
'them'
tme
'him'
'us' (pl.)
'them'
'we'
'you'you
'him'
-avasma
-lygtE ( -1st sing. imperfect)
-(aPii)-Hvasma
-ta (= 1st sing. imperfect)
-ista *
-117Hta (= 2nd sing. imperfect)
- (apij)-esta *
-.4yHta (= 2nd sing. imperfect)
- itHna
-gyHtam
- Hna (= 3rd sing. imperfect)
'us' (dual) -estana
'us (dual pl.) -(apjj1.7-estana
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LESSON XXXV - Grammar
'we' (dual) to
386
'us' (pl.) -(apii)-etHna
'you' (p1.) -(apii)-gatas
'them' -(apii)-Hna (= 3rd plural imperfect)
'him'
'them'
- nOtan (= 1st dual imperfect)
- (apii)*-Hygtan (= 1st dual (p1.) imp.)
'we' (dual pl.) to 'him' -(apii)-gyitan (= 1st dual (pl.) imp.)
'them' -(apji)-Hygtan (= 1st dual (pl.) imp.)
'we' (pl.) to 'you' -(apii)-HyUsma
'him' -(apii)--Hyata (= 1st pl.
`you' (pl.) -(apii)-HvHsma
'them' -(apji)-Hyata (= 1st pl.
'you' (pl.) to
'they' to
'me'
'him'
'us' (pl.
'them'
-(apj 2ndpl.
-(apii)-esta*
(= 2nd Pl.
'me' -(apii)-etana
'you'you -(apii)-Hvatam
imperfect)
imperfect)
imperfect)
imperfect)
'him' -(apii)-Mna k= 3rd p1. imperfect)
'us' (dual) -(apii)*-eseAna
'us' (dual pl.) -(apii)-estana
'us' (pl.) -(apij)-e tgna
'you' (pl.) -(aptii)-Mygtam
'them' -(apij)-Mna (=3rd pl. imperfect)
*These forms elicited from two informants and described by Rudimentcs,
are identical to the punctual forms (cf. Lesson XXXII).
Ebbing gives other forms:
'you' to 'me '/ us ' (p1)-itanta/-ituna
Ebbing gives alternate forms for some of the other persons. Cf. alternate
forms for imperfect tense, Grammar, Lesson 23.
Negative imperfect forms require the addition of the discontinuous
negative infix -c...ti to the positive forms: churegyasmati, etc.
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LESSON XXXV Grammar
The plural infix in the negative is 727 . When the negative -ti (or
and -wa) suffix is attached to the following verbs, the last vovel of
the verb is elided:
to 'him' (churcHygtti)
'he' to 'me' (churquitgnti)
'he' te 'him' (chu-ranti)
and when the subject and/or object of the above forms are plural in
number.
II. Preferred word order for positive forms: direct object :4-* subject
+ full pronominal object + verb:
e.g. IacachuraetgnPakallkchawll'uata. 'They gave me
seven fish.'
Preferred word order for negative forms: subject + full pronominal
object 1-jAELA.E + direct object + verb:
e.g. Masfiroi: na a :umar 'aniw cues churcg gemati.
'Yesterday I didn't give you cheese.'
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscufia
M. Nayajj jumar pheska ovej chuaygsma.
E. Nayajj jumar pheska ovej churgygsma.
IL jumajj nayar
E. Jumajj nayar pheska ovej churista.
M. nayajj jupanacar
E. Nayajj jupanacar pheska ovej churlyata.
N. mank' Najjeffylita
E. Nayajj jupanacar mank' wajjegygta.
nanacajj jumanacar
E. Nanacajj jumanacar mank' wajjeapjjayasma.
Ii. jiwasajj jupanacar
E. Jiwasajj jupanacar mank' wajjegylitan.
jumajj jupanacar
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390
LESSON XXXV - Substitution Drill
E. Pasir phajjsejj nayajj jupar janiw mayeayHtti.
M. walUrojj
E. Wallirojj nayajj jupar janiw mayt'ayHtti.
M. nanacajj jupar
E. Wallirojj nanacajj jupar janiw mayeapayHtti.
U. Suma wac'anac masayp'ojj janiw nayajj jumar churaygsmati.
E. Suma wac'anac masayp'ojj janiw nayajj jumar churcHylismati.
M. nayajj jilajjar
E. Suma wac'anac masayp'ojj janiw nayajj jilajjar churcHyHtti.
jumajj nayar
E. Suma wac'anac masayp'ojj janiw jumajj nayar churquistati.
M. lunthatquistati
E. Suma wac'anac masayp'ojj janiw jumajj nayar lunthatquistati.
M. jupanacajj nayar
E. Suma wac'anac masayp'ojj janiw jupanacajj nayar lunthatapquidinti.
purum orak nayrUrojj apakapquitHnti
E. Purum orak nayrllrojj janiw jupanacajj nayar apakapquianti.
M. Joseajj nanacar
E. Purum orak nayrUrojj janiw Joseajj nanacar apakapquitHnti.
M. jumanacajj nayar
E. Purum orak nayrllrojj janiw jumanacajj nayar apakapaquistati.
r. nayajj jumanacar
E. Purum oral: nayrllrojj janiw nayajj jumanacar apakapaygsmati.
M. catuyapaygsmati
E. Purum orak nayrlirojj janiw nayajj jumanacar catuyapcgOsmati.
M. cullacajjan wawap wasgrmanthejj
E. Cullacajjan wawap wasgrmanthejj janiw nayajj jumanacar catuyapcHygs-mati.
M. jiwasajj jakenacar
E. Cullacasan wawap wasHrmanthejj janiw jiwasajj jakenacar catuycHyd-tanti.
jumanacajj nanacar
E. Cullacaman wawapwasHrmanthejjjaniw jumanacajj nanacar catuyapquistat!.
nayajj jupar
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LESSON XXXV - Completion Drill
Nayrlirojj nayajj jumanacar pheska jiwq'inac
Nayrlirojj nayajj jupanacar pheska jiwq'inac
Sojjta wanc'u kallmaymgrajj jumajj nayar
Sojjta wanc'u kall maymUrajjjumajj jupar
Sojjta wanc'u kall maymHrajj jumajj nanacar _.
Sojjta wanc' u kall maymgrajj jumajj jupanacar
Pusi jach'a t'awra lip'ich jupajj nayar
Pusi jach'a t'awra lip'ich jupajj jumar
Pusi jach'a t'awra lip'ich jupajj jupar
Pusi jach'a t'awra lip'ich jupajj jiwasar
. churapjjgygsma
. churHyHta
churista
churgyHta
churapjjesta
churgygta
churit1na
churHyHtam
chuana
churistHna
Pusi jach'a t'awra lip'ich jupajj jiwasanacal___.
Pusi jach'a t'awra lip'ich jupajj jupanacar
Pusi jach'a trawra lip'ich jupajj nanacar
Pusi jach'a t'awra lip'ich jupajj jumanacar .
PH liq'i caball jiwasajj jupar
PH liq'i caball jiwasajj jupanacar
PH t'ugha cdball jiwasanacajj jupar
PH eugha caball jiwasanacajj jupanacar
Pheska wallp nanacajj jumar
Pheska wallp nanacajj jupar
Pheska wallp nanacajj jumanacar
Pheska wallp nanacajj jupanacar
Sojjta wanc'unac jumanacajj nayar
Sojjta wanc'unac jumanacajj jupar
Sojjta wanc'unac jumanacajj nanacar
Sojjta wanc'unac jumanacajj jupanacar
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj nayar
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj jumar
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj jupar
churapjjestka
churapjjgna
churapjjetHna
churapjOygtam
churUyUtan
churapjOyatan
churapjjaygtan
churapjjgOtan
churapjjHyHsma
churapjOygta
antrapjOyasma
churapjOyHta
churapjjesta
churapjjHygta
churapjjesta
churapjjgygta
churapjjetHna
churapjjgygtam
churapjjUna
392
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LESSON XXXV - Completion Drill
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj jiwasar
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj jiwasanacar
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj nanacar
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj jumanacar
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj jupanacar
MasUrojj nayajj jumar janiw ques
MasUrojj nayajj jupar janiw ques
- .
1MasUrojj nayajj jumanacar janiw ques
MasUrojj nayajj jupanacar janiw ques
NayrUrojj jumajj nayar janiw habas
NayrUrojj jumajj jupar janiw habas
NayrUrojj jumajj nanacar janiw babas
NayrUrojj jumajj jupanacar janiw: habas
Nayrayp'ojj jupajj nayar janiw tonk
Nayrayp'ojj jupajj jumar janiu tonk
Nayrayp'ojj jupajj jupar janiw tonk
Nayrayp'ojj jupajj j iwasar janiw tonk
Nayrayp'ojj jupajj jiwasanacar janiw tonk
Nayrayp'ojj jupajj nanacar janiw tonk
Nayrayplojj jupajj jumanacar janiw tonk
Nayrayp'ojj jupajj jupanacar janiw tonk
Insert the correct forms cf mayeana
Nayrarmanthejj jiwasajj jupar janiw ari cuchill
1111M
Nayrgrmanthejj jiwasajj jupanacar janiw cuchill
..01.1
Nayrgrmanthejj jiwasanacajj jupar janiw cuchill
churistgna
churapjjastgna
churapjjetgna
churapjjaygtam
churapjjana
churcayMstnati
churcayatti
churapcgygmasti
churcgyatti
churquistati
churcayEtati
churapquistati
churapciy1tati
churquit&nti
churcayEtamti
churcgnti
churquistanti
. churapquisanti
churapquitanti
churapaygtamti
churapcanti
mayecayatanti
mayeapcayatanti/maye-cgygtanti
mayecayatanti
Nayrarmanthejj jiwasanacajj jupanacar janiw
cuchill mayt'apc!yMtanti
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LESSON XXXV - Completion Drill
Insert the correct forms of churafta.
IfasHrmanthejj nanacajj jumar janiw t'ant'
Nasdrmanthejj nanacajj jupar janiw t'ant'
Masgrmanthejj nanacajj jumanacar janiw t'ant'
Maarmanthejj nanacajj jupanacar janiw t'ant'
Maymdrajj jumanacajj nayar janiw ch'un
MaymRrajj jumanacajj jupar janiw ch'un
Mayulrajj jumanacajj nanacar janiw
Maymgrajj jumanacajj jupanacar janiw ch'ufi
394
. churapcgOsmati
churapcHyHtti
. churapayHsmati
. churapcHyHtti
churapquistati
churapcHygtati
churapquistati
churapcHygtati
Insert the correct form of wajjt'afia
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj nayar janiw mank'
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj jumar janiw mank'
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj jupar janiw mank'
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj jiwasar janiw mank'
. wajjeapquitHnti
. wajjeapaygtamti
wajjeapcEnti
. wajjeapquistHnti/
wajjt'quistEnti
wajjt'apquistHnti
111.11
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj jiwasanacar janiw mank'
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj nanacar janiw mank'
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj jumanacar janiw mank'
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj jupanacar janiw mank'
mayeafiaNayrtirojj nayajj jumar janiw kollkcunalaycutejj tatajjar mayt'anajjHnwa.
Nayrtirojj jumajj nayar janiw kollkcunalaycutejj tatamar mcyt'anamanwa.
Nayelrojj jiwasajj jupar janiw kollkcunalaycutejj jilasar mayeahasUnwa.
Pasir fiestanjj jupajj nayar janiw kollkcunalaycutejj jilapar mayt'anapHnwa.
9
9
wajjeapquitHnti
Pasir fiestanjj jiwasanacajj jupanacar janiwmachak isinac (catuyana), cunalaycutejj janiwisinacajj utjcgnti.
Pasir fiestanjj nanacajj jumanacar janiw machakisinac (calmio), cunalaycutejj janiw isinacajjutjcHnti.
. wajjeapaygtamti
.wajjeapcHnti
mayecHOsmati
mayt'quistati
mayec4yHtanti
mayequitanti
catuyapcgyHtanti
catuyapcgyllsmati
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muoa nTusf lednf ffeoruemnf pfuu4saTj aped
TiTaa uoTlaIdtop AXXX NOSSal
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396
LESSON XXXV - Questions and Answers
Negative - Jan chekanaca
M. Nayrgrojj nayajj janit jumar pheska jiweinac churcgygsma?
E. Janiwa, nayrgrojj jumajj janiw nayar pheska jiwq'inac churquistati.
M. Pasir fiestanjj jumajj janit thokoy1ta?
E. Janiwa, pasir fiestanjj nayajj janiw thokcHydtti.
M. Masgrmanthejj nayajj jumar janit t' ant' churcayasma?
E. JYsa, masUrmanthejj jumajj nayar janiw t'ant' churquistati.
M. MasUrojj jumajj cuns jupar churtlygtajja?
E. Janiw cuns churcayUtti.
m NayrHyp'ojj jupajj jumanacar cuns churapjjayatam?
E. Janiw cuns churapquitgnti.
M. Nayrgrmanthejj jiwasanacajj kollk jupanacar mayt'apjjgyatanti?
E. Janiw mayeapcUygtanti.
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj nayar mank' wajjtiapjjetanti?
E. Janiw wajjeapquitgnti.
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj jiwasanacar nuwapjjestanti?
E. Janiw nuwapquist4nti.
Pasir fiestanjj jumanacajj nayar thokoyapjjestati?
E. Janiw thokoyapayUsmati.
N. Jumanacajj jupanacar lunthatapjjgygtati?
E. Janiw lunthatapcgyatti.
M. Jiwasajj jupar suma caldo churRyHtanti?
E. Janiw churcaygtanti.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA MARCOSAJJ TATA CARLOSARUU KOLLK MAYT'ATAVIA
Narcosajj wall albat sarawayttna tata Carlosan utaparu. Tata Carlosan
anupajj wali khortlnwa, ucampis uca albajj janiw ucancanti.
Marcos: Tata...tata...anumarac achjitaspa...
Julia: Jutaseaquim tata... anojjajj janiw acancquiti.
Marcos: Wall ajjsarasaw jutta, --Anupach achjquitan --sasa.1
Julia: Janiw tata, janiw achjasiriquiti, ucampirus janiw acancquiti.2
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197
LESSON XXIX Dialogue
M: Ay mama, tatajj acancasquiti?
J: J!fsay tata, utancasquiwa, mantasincaquim.
M: Tata Carlos, nayaquiv visitasir jutta.
Carlos: Walic juttajj tata Marcos, camiascaract tata Marcos.
H: Jan waliquiw sarnakjjt tata Carlos.3
C: Cunarac camHchjjtamsti?
Llaquinacaruquiw purjjta...janiquiw cunas walicjjeti.
C: Ay ucawa jan llaquisimti, waliquiscHtawa.
J: NayrUruw nayajj maman utap saran munHylita, ucampis janiw sarcti,
cunalaycutejj yap lurir saranajjkwa, inas jutir miercolesajj sarch!:1.
M: SaatapY mama, janiraquis jutcjjtatejj3.
J: Jutapiniw maman uca, cunUrus ucancascani?
H: Jutir miercolesajj jank7 cawcs sarcaniti, utancascaniwa.
J: UqhHmajj jut!' tata.
Ay tata Carlos, nayajj mu p'eken usumpiw jutsma.4
C: Cunach tata?
14: Ay tata, maymHraw nayajj jumanacar koilk mayt'asipayHsma, neat
jichhajj jutawayta, kollket wali pist'at sarnakta, janiw cunampf.s
wawanacatac alasia puedcti, churawayjjetay tata Carlos, acaj :! my
pH mardjichejjaya.
C: Ay ucaw tata, nayajj wal ajjsarsma, janiquiw jichhacam churafi
puedcsmati.
J: JMs tata Marcos, nayas wal llaquisiscta, janiPiniw kollkejj utjqtliti.
NayrUrojj kollkejj utiHnwa, ucampis lunthataw kollk apsupjjetu,
walpin nayajj jachta.5
C: Ay tata Uarcos, janiquiy colerasimti, jutir phajjsiw churjjka.
Aca ovejarac uyrascta, inas mMqui 1i7' intchini.142 AqhHmajja... Janit and kawkhas jichhajj utjaspajja?
C: Janipink7 utjapquituti janiw cuvamp alasins puedipcti.
N: iiird tata Carlos churjjaquitaya, warmis wal toketu, janejjay cunamp
alasifijamHcchisa.7
C: Ucapi, jan ucajj ovejch kallke lant churjjapjjHma.
M: Janiw tata, kollkec nayajj munta.
C: Uqamajj jutir phajjsiquipiniw churjjapjjHma, miry! tata Marcos.
M: Waliquiw tata, uqhHmajj jutir phajjscamaw suyt'Hma, sarawayjjM tata,
C: Suyt'aquimay tata, mauk'easiwayaan ucat sarjjHta.
M: Iyaw tata, uqhHmajj suyea.
(Carlosajj walja mank' tata Marcosarojj mank'ayi)
LIIIIMENNIMMIO SIONINNISOMINIIIIIIMMSVENNe....."^-r"
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398
LESSON XXXV - Dialogue - Notes
NOTES
1 ajjsarasaw 'fearing.' The verbal suffix -sa- before endings creates
an active participle, whose action is contemporaneous with that of the
main verb and whose subject is the same as that of the main verb.
2 imillachigairLairi 'is not one who bites.' (positive form:
achjasiri)
3 sarnakafia 'to walk, get along'
4 ElleLeLLusu 'problem' (lit. 'head' + 'illness')
5 apsufia 'to take out'
6 lasiquiy colerasimti 'don't upset yourself' (cf. Spanish colera 'anger')
InHqui 'quickly'
liq'intana 'to fatten' (from ligli 'fat')
7 mired 'don't be like that'
tokeda 'to quarrel, wrangle'
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LESSON XXXVI - Quirusa tunc soiitanir lecciona
Vocabulary Azunaca
ircatana (ru)
jucha
encarar
pecado
mururana recortar
nic'uta cabello
yuspagarana (yuspajararia) dar gracias
(ru) cf. Spanish Dios pagar4
Grammar Suma parlafiataiui
I. Potential/conditional and pronominal objects.
Endings are attached to the verb stem.
to 'you
'him'
'you'(pl.)
'them'
'you' sing. to
'he' to
(dual) to
'we' (dual pl.) to
Vme I
'him'
'us' (pl.)
'them'
e
'you'
'him'
'us' (dual)
'us' (dual pl
'us' (pl.)
'you' (p1.)
'them'
'him'
'them'
'him'
'them'
09.
to face, to confront
sin
cut (hair)
hair
to thank
-irisma
-irista (= 1st sing. pat./cond.)
(aPii)-erisma
-irista (= 1st sing. pot./flon0
-itasra
-asma (= 2nd sing. pot./cor...d,)
-(apdj)-etasma
-asma (= 2nd sing.pot.lcoad,)
-itaspa
- iristarn
-aspa (= 3rd sing. pot./cond.)
-istaspa
) -(apjj)-estappa
(4211) :AtaRRI
-(Ridl=r115A1-am (= 3rd sing, pot./cond.)
-sma (= 1st dual pot./cond.)
-(apjj)*-sna. (= 1st dual (pl.)
pot./cond.)
-(gujj)-arla (= 1st dual (pl.)
pot./cond.)
-(apit)-sna (= 1St dual (pl)
pot./cond.)
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LESSON XXXVI - Grammar
'we' (pl.) to
'you' (pl.) to
'you' (Apij )-erisma
400
'him' -(plij)-erista (= 1st pl. pot./
cond.)
'you' (pl.) -(apjj)-erisma
'them' - (apjj) - erista (= 1st pl. pst./
cond.)
'me' -(apii)-etasma
'him' - (apjj) -asma) (= 2nd p1. pot./
cond.)
'us' (pl ) -(apjj)-etasma
'them' -(apjj)-asma (= 2nd pl. pot./
cond.)
'they' to 'me' -(apjj)-etaspa
you -(apjj)-eristam
'him' -(apjj)-aspa (= 3rd pl. pot./
cond.)
'us' (dual) -(apjj)*-estaspa
'us' (dual pl.) - (apjj)- estaspa
'us' (pl.) -(apjj)- etaspa
'you' (pl.) -(,..12ji)-eristata
'them' -(apjj)-aspa (= 3rd pl. pot./cond.)
The negative form requires the insertion of the discontinuous negative
morpheme and the negative particle Ian:
e.g. lancturguirismati
The plural infix is -13-:
1PEPALIKalmiti-Amati
The elision of the final vowel before the negative -ti (and -wa)
is required in the frames 'I /'we' to 'him' /them'.
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscufia
Nayajj jumar usumat kollirisma.
E. Nayajj jumar usumat kollirisma.
M. jupajj nayar
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1017
aupeueu Ccepeuednc
emselluetm 3edell.mq iednc quunc ccrqq0T.0
emsesweqx zedelmq
emseopsTf Tem auchic 4.0314 qeqqaTr
aednf ppemq ppetmoTC
a 1;1
umseccdeopsTP rem leaeuednr rcepeuemnr 'a
le3eued4 quoeuemq 14
02sTaafrdeopsTp Tem ardrc peoeueN .2
*e3spoCCdeopsTp Ten iednp Cpeoeuem
*emselacldes3osTp Ten 1V3VUEU fTVOTAIUMTT .a
aepeueu ppeamemnp 11
.umnaerplesiosTg Ten aeoeuelunc gezeuem .a
emsTaeCCdes4DsTp Tem .11
.ewsTieCcdecNol Ten iepeueunc UrpeueN .a
aemlumnp cpromuu
selspecp404 Tem aeoeurdnc cpArm .a
auweued4 Nekeu
.mulspaccdepplo3 Tex aez-euetung ppepeuectrir a aeoeuum4 creoeuednr
*emse3a41103 Tem aySeu rpemnr
emselagNo3 Tem
.emvellinanm CculnoT aeiceu rcemnr
aulBu CCemnr
*11
'a
.rmseccdeinanw. de4noTu lepeuednc ccepeuumnr .a
aeoeuednp preaeurranC 14
.muselacrdeananw cce4noTu aepeueu ccuovuemnr -a
amovueu Ppezeuemnp
uusxnanm de3n1orq aydng fTesemu
eusininm delnoTy 4 .uusuol lednsn ied4 cpsynu. 'a
ied4 cps-en-Fr 4 .emspaccdeTTon lemnsn aemnp ppeoutlem .a
imanc ccvmmu 1/1
3eqnsn ankeu ccedni .2
MICE uopnlpscins - IAXXX MOSSH1
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Z047
Tlemseodeananta delnoTu mTuer ae3euedrIC creopuemni -a
aeoeuedrq Cpeveuemnr 4 .pums.mnbduananm Uelnioni mTueC aeoeueu Cpezeuetunf -a
aineueu CCeoeuetunc 4 -Fleusaananm delninu Tuec iednC crusemTr ea
peuspananm mTuer de3napTu
.TleusDderroA 3ednen miueC aedn f rCusvmTr ea
aedng ccesemTp 14
-FlumsTaTnbderroll 4umnsn mTuec xemnr Crepeuem -a
aemnr gpeoeueu
-peds.e4Tnbuoll Terrnsn xpec aeAuu ccednf -a
avAeu Urcinf 4 pumsTaTnbroA lymnsu mTuec aviunc preAuN a TlemsTaTnbumi lemnsn mTuer awanC cceArti 'fa
sumselTdaT SeTnbntip avAeu Hump croanaela -a
aeAuu grednp rroanastm 4 eedselscpudat geTnimm araeuesumTG crepeurd4 rcatiluemnav -a
lepeuesekrcr rpoeuednf 14
°BusUdedaT Setnbritio aeoeuednr cppeuesemTr CcatpuemniV -a
euscpedaT 2eTnbmID
.uuscpeleoaT ledetionr aepeuedric rcepeuesemTP ccetpueurtav -a
aepeuednc crepeutsemTc 611
.elstapepaT ledvq34 aypeuednf creAeu cptpuemnav -a
aeoeuednl ccekeu
melstaacCde3e3aT lumetionc avoeuewrIC fFecitiC Cratpuemnav -a
avaeuemq CcesinC rcatiluemnau
emsTaaCcdowpaT Temetptir lepeuetunc cpeoeueu fferitiou -a
gmspecgdu4B3IT lumellonr la
emsTaafpleouetpl lemetionc aeoeuemq cceoeueu Creqq3u a aeoeuemnr rcVDEUEU
.eusauletm ludetionc aeoeuednC rpesemTC cretitiou -a
aeoeuednr ccesumTC
-edselaccdellueql lerretionr aeoeueu ccepeued4 rcetillou fra
TTPU u0T3113T3sqnS IAXXX NO=
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T44sTipb13uutpi ueC ludepnr avoeuednr preiceu ccalpumunav -a
avDruedng rrekeu .14
.pule4sTaTnbde4epaT uer Temetionr aeoeuumnr rrednr ccatilumunav -a
xemrumric rfudnr rratiluemnie
.T4emsTipbde3epaT t a C 4emerpnr aeparemnr rreoeueu Cretmou sa
TqemsTaInbde4paT tier Temetpnr IA
etTewsTipbdeoueqx uer lemetionr aupeuemnr rfepeueu prequpu -a
auzeuumnC rfeavueu 'N
. a
' a
'tit uspoueql uup 3edutpnr arovuednr rreseaTr rretiliotr
leovuednr rrsemtr
.podsu4Tnbdealuelm uer 4nrretionr ae3sueu freoeuednr rCempTi
aeoeueu rreoeuednr
spemseolaueql uer 4edulptlf ardnr rrumnr rretplou
Tleusepouetil uer ledetionr
.1.1.-emsepoosTr usr lednp rremnr rrtimou
ardnr rremnr rreqq3-4
.petusezdeoostr urr aupeuednr rrepeuemnr
aupeuednr rreoeuemnr
T32sTaTribdopsTr uer audnr rrepeuey
.T44sTaTnbdellosTr ueC aednr Crepeuey
.peus3deoosTr Tea aTuer aeoeuednr rrepeueseau
au3euednr Cru3eueseaTr
.prmsTaTnbdula3sTr it mTuer aeosuumnr rrezmuem
TlemsTipbduslosTr rem
.pewsTaTnbderrno4 Tem mTuer avoeuemnr rreoeuem
auovuemnr rreoeueu
.T44sTaTnbrriol Tug aTuep aeoeuednr preArN
araeuednr rreAuu
TameasTaTribderpiol Tem aTuer aeaeueunr rrepeuednf
aepeuemnr rreoeuednr
-petaselTnbrplo4 Tea aTuer auAuu rpm'.
TlemselTnbrpol Tun a-Fuer
.T4emsu3Tnbananw preanaop aTuec avAeu rremnr
aeituu pretunr
a
°N
'a
uoprwpsqns - IAXXX.NOSSal
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-4TioN rpeima at ae7)euednr rpeoeuemng
aupeuednc Crepeuemnr
eemsTaorrdeilkem Anol rpaem IT4nr aeoeuemnr CreheN
emsTaarrdeohum
pemsTaTnbdellhem -moll tier [Team aT4nr aezeuemnp rTeheN
avoeuemnr Creheu
peusodeohem vuroA imp Cream apnr aroeuudnr preseau
Tleusodellhem NTT01
Reusodurplo4 Tedetpur ueC Creaem apmr avoeuedur presear,
aeoeued4 rresumg
.Tlemse4Trtbdurclio3 4erCutipnr uer aeheu crepeuemnr cream' apnr
aeheu Crupeuemnr Creaem apnr
T44sTaTnbrrlo4 Tedetionr tier aepeuednr freheu CCoandanf
avoeuednr rreheu
pasTaTubderploa Tedetionr uer aeoeuednr Crepeueu Croandanf
uer
eu3sTaarrdecrNo4 ledetionC aepeuednr Crezeueu Croandani
eastaarcderrNoz TedetionC
seasTaarrdeananm utiont aupeuednr Cpeoeueu Croandanr
elsTaarrdeananm
eplsTaTnbdeananm 4noTu tier aeoeuednr Crepeueu rroandanf
aeoeuednr Cpeoeueu
pedse3Tnbananm 4nioni uer aeiteu Crednr Croandanf
uer
.edselTananm lnipTu aeheu crednr rroaudanr
aeheu rrecInC
.u4sTaTananm vtioTu aednr Cruheu Croandanf
.elsTaTananm lnoTu arginr rpekeu CCoandanf
.pemse3TnbdaT uer qwegelpop aeheu CCemnr Cratpuemnav
aeheu Cremnr
pedse4sodedaT uer qmegepop avoeuesemTp creoeuednr rretpuemnay
aeoeueswiTr Crepeuedur
..peusodedaT uer qmecregoop aeoeuednr CreoeuesemTC rretpuumnav
peusodudaT uer qmegetpop
speusodesquetiq uer ledutionr aupeuedur CrepeuesemTC rregauemnav
avoeuednp CreoeuesemTC
i7047
Tuaa uoprwpscps IAXXX NOSSTI
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LESSON XXXVI
Completion Drill - Arunac phokachana
churafia
Nayajj jumar
Nayajj jupar
Nayajj jumanacar
Nayajj jupanacar
Jumajj nayar
Jumajj jupar
Jumajj nanacar
Jumajj jupanacar
Jupajj nayar
Jupajj jumar
Jupajj jupar
Jupajj jiwasar
Jupajj jiwasanecar
Jupajj nanacar
Jupajj jumanacar
Jupajj jupanacar
sosommuo
011111110 ./.80/./
1../wano.11101
Jiwasajj jupar
Jiwasajj jupanacar
Jiwasanacajj jupar
Jiwasanacajj jupanacar
Nanacajj jumar
Nanacajj jupar
Nanacajj jumanacar
Nanacajj jupanacar
Jumanacajj nayer
Jumanacajj jupar
Jumanacajj nanacar
Jumanacajj jupanacar
P....
14......,
Jupanacajj nayar .
Jupanacajj jumar
405
churirisma
churirista
churapjjerisma
churirista
churitasma
churasma
chuiapjjetasma
churasma
churitaspa
churiristam
churaspa
churistaspa
churapjjestaspa
churapjjetaspa
churapjjeristam
churaspa
chursma
churapjjsna/cftursna
churapjjsna
churapjjsna
churapjjerisma
churapjjerista
churapjjerisma
churapjjerista
churapjjetasma
churapjjasma
churapjjetasma
churapjjasma
churapjjetaspa
churapjjeristam
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TImmse4Tnbduantip
T44sTaTnbduanqo
TlemsTaTnbduanqo
44sTaTnbduantio
TlumsTaTnbdeango
Tleusoduantio
Tleusodeantio
Tquuspanto/T3uusoduantio
puusaango
pudsupantio
T4mulsTatnbduango
pudsulTnbduantio
pedsulsTnbduantio
pudsulsolntio
Tludsupantio
pluvlstaTnbantio
pudsurcnbantio
pumsupantio
pedsulTnbdeango
Tlumsupantio
pumselTnbantio
T44sTaTnbantio
TaumsTaTnbdeantio
T4.1sTaTnbanto
TlumsTaTnbanip
udsuppdeango
measTaappdvantio
udsulappduanqo
vdsulsaPpdeanip
udsel -sappdvantWedsv3sTantio
edsuppdvantio
9047
uup avAuu prupeuemnr
uup avouuudnp Ppeovuum
uup auovuumnp ppuauuum
uup audnp ppuouuuN
uvp autunp ppuouuum
uup auovuednp ppepuuusemu
uup avdnP ppeoeuusemTr
uup aupeuudn P CPusvATr
uup audn P PFusuaTr
uvP aeovuednp
uuf avouuumnp
uup avoeuvu
uup avouuusemTp
uep ausumTp
uuP audnp
uup aumnp
uep avAeu
uvp aeouuudnp
uep avouuvu
uep audnp
Imp avAuu
uvP avouuudflp
uup arouuemnp
uuP aednp
ccvdni
ccednr
ppudnr
ppudnr
ppudnr
ppudnr
ppudnr
ppednr
ppumnr
PPutunr
ccumnr
pumr
PRAuN
PA-ert
PpeAuN
ueP awing CpuAuN
arpeuudnp ppeluuudnr
auovuumnp ppuovuudnr
aupeueu ppeouuednr
aupeuesumTp Ppuovuudnr
ausumg ppuovuednr
audnp ppuovuudnr
Masa uopaIdwoo IAXXX mossai
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peds.e3Tnbpie edSelTrre
peusodeantp eusfrdeantio
peusoleppe eusTerFav
T4emseaTnbdeueA umsezTdeuzA
TTemeTaTnbdeueA vmsTaTdeueA
melstatdeueli
edselarFdeaerfae
uusCCdeango
vueoccvm
ems-Clapp:Wall=
ummiapFdellitem
euse4TFte
emsTaTanqo
Tledseodeango
qmzn)sTaTnbdeanip
leds-e4Tnbdrantp
T4edse4sTadeantp
Tledselspb -dLantio/Tledse4soantio
T3edseodeanqa
TamelsTaTnbdeantio
IledselTnbduantip
pumseodeinto
TlemeeqTadeantp
peasrodeanqo
mTuvr rgoanamill
'(0151711).TImulip aulteu CCednC qqaTC susTWV
*(egeango)mTueF CCoanaeriq .(iueantio)
Num avoeuednr rpoeuesemIC titpTC sesTluv
01-1F-4-frciro mTuer CCoanampl
4(7.iiITTIV) aednp CpesemIC timaTC sespuv
. (tWARiEFA) mTueF
CCatiluemnle g(euedeui3) aeiteu rCemnp titioTr sespuv
(eqedeueA) mTueF
rpatpuemnae g(euedeueA) aumnC CCuAeu TIDTC susTluv
ipedsyrem
g(egyavueA) mint deA aumnC Credn c rcetploTr
Lpadsuccduunm 50-4elettae) avAeu Cpezeuednr FCellipTf
4T3edseCrdeunm
oluem avoeuednr CruovuesemTC CCetitio
medsITem 4(eueogem) TETo4 aednp CFesemTC CCelpipTi
Ccleunm
g (Eire kem) .c.!.TnbT .1133ru-eum e C peoeueu C reqqz-Fr
LTledswrea
utnbt apoeueu CCezeuemn C ccvq4DIr
memseunm g(`ellWry) Cueaeu aeLeu CCemn C PelliPTr
cpemseunm 777&peantio) oueo.aemnC CCeiCeu ppetripTr
11/1
ueC ae3euednp Cpeoeuednr
atmeuemnC Cpepeuedni
imp aezeueu rpe.peuednr
uef aeoeuesemTC Creotuednr
" uE C aesemTr Cppeuednr
uer aecinC rreoeuednr
usr aumnF rpoeuednr
Imp aekeu Cruleuednr
ueC aeoeuednr Cpeoruemni
uep aeoeueu CCepeuemnr
ueC aednr Creoeuemnr
UPC uoTleTdmoa IAXXX NOSSM
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emse3Tingo apAni g iypflsTaTintio DEUEOVA sou snamilb 'eley
emsTieff'deintio aumnp Cceosueu 'es; i H 4.1emselerrdeantio isiteu Ccepeuumnr N
semselappeanto aeiCeu pfeaeuemnf 6eszr sg
LTlemsTierpeintio aemnC ffeoeuem I emeusintio iednC CfesemTp 4es41, g
LTTeusantio asdnf fcessau 11
emsTaTinto imanC CfeAsu gesu g iTlemselTinto isAsu rfemnr
semseaTinqo cpmunc susu .a
LTzemsTaTinto aemnC rceAem %I
epeueqatip - ant soa
Tdmeosueues meAT ilititoeueueops-fT siemsuv pue suopsanb
umemsexeSedsnA epfuelsTaafpeintio
L'aemsTleCCduae2edsnA ecfmnselerfdefmSnip
smemselaffdeslicem effemsTieffdellAem
umedse4sgmAntio efpeuscfde4sCfas
emedselsoeieleCCie effeus4sfpe
vm3sTITCTB efcedselTdeusA
ememsTaTcTe effemselTdeusA
pmelsTaTnbdeopsTC me2sTaafpuoosTC
Tlemse4TubdeAnquo emselaCcdeAnleo
Tq4sTaTubdeAngeo elsTiefpeAnlep
8017
s(eueasedsnA) Cfemnf s(sueingo) sxuem 1=4 fplepeuednr
-(eusieVedsnA) gale° -muemnr fceAeu 6(euel.mAnqp) asAeu CCelsosuemnr
.(E1.7.es4Xem) avoeueu ffeunC 4(elpalitem) ovum-ppm Tie aemnf CCe4speueN
(Werm Mig) CfeseTTf 6(sue4e[fie) ressuf Cce4rosuesemTr
s(sue4ellie) cfednf 6(euelei.lay) isdnC CreTessmTr
(eWe) xostio isdnC CCeiceu 6(L'uudetreA) Ccaludnr
(grre!.-fg) xo, go asmig CCeAuu $(eriallTre) Cfeqemnr
s(eueopsT.) mTuer preuemes apnC 6(se;757Tr.) mns isosuemnf frepeuednc tploTP sesTquv
Criirez.) mTuf Hoinisql 6(EW5475) qn apAsu ffroeuemnp q43 sespuv
e(eusAnTeo) mTuef fretiquemnis 4(Eiail"--quo) nequo iednf Cfepeueu titioTc sesTquv
riTaa uoTletdmoD - IAXXX NOM
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507
epedselszdeit mTuer 3 14edse3sdeue4 aese,:4? ppaqwemnae ccopled 4
ertemselTadeoTqoe mTuer eg
2,T3emsTaeprdeuppe aemap'ppoanavq4 ppeoeueu 4r3s1 ex
-T3emsTaTnbdeoppem mTurr -a
,..c3eme3sefPdeopPem aekeu Ccepeuemnp neqg 'N
eTTemseodeicede snamqb mTuer -a
zelsTaappdeLede ppeoeueu peuemei eon snamqb 'vmeli 'N
eTTemse4TnbpTe mTuer 63
LT3emspTple oeueumeso ellseldiumnp cpuiceu 6.5.3ex ex
eTweqsTaTnbdeanqo mTueccceoeuednp gemTuer *3
LTiedse3eppeanqo PpeOeuednr
eT3melsTaTnbdzanlo mTue.P.aemap PCepeuednp gemTuer -a
zpedselaPPdvanqo aekeu ppezeuednr
pmsegTadeanqp mTueP aeAeu Cceaeuemnp gemTuer q ;,emsTaTnbdeantio 3Tuep zemnp PPeleueN ex
pmegsTaTnbaaqo mTuep =imp Ppednp gmTuer 63
Ledse3Tnbanq3 3Tuep aeheu rpednr 'N
T3eusoanqo mTuer audap ppesemTp 4eaTuer g azeusanqo ardnperesemu 4
.T3emsTaTnbanqo mTuep aemnp Ppelieu.4emTuer -a
i,emselTnbanqo aTuep aeLu Ppemnr N T3'emselTnbanw mTueP aeiteu ppemnp 4eaTuer ea
LpumsTaTanqo iemnp preltem '
14 'eoeueleqo URf
'EMVWS2rcdEUTIM 6esu ea
LT4spappdeum ue3eppae aeoeuednp gpeoeueu ppeqq0Tr ex
.ememsePpdeolem4esicr -a
4T43sTaaCrdeAzkem ATTol epTen .itneuednp rcV3IIMI t,'31124, 'N
sedsRppduanqp du nqbnqd dmennoh g ulde4sepPdvanq3 aeltsu PPoeuednp sung 4
eemeusppdepTe geszr .3
azeusppdepi aednp ZEUVD"RA T TT-eAeqb fcpeuesemTp ceme ex
em4sTaePgdeanq3 4.esicr 3 Tiemsegdelnqo zetouse aveuednr ppeoeurmnp 'ele1 ex
emsTaappdvanqa mnaepeuemnr -a
:,eppemsepcdeantio.3euoTTepo,e3n snamqb 4epeue4y/ ex
a/NT:mod saemsuv pue suopsenb IAXXX NOSSal
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LESSON XXXVI
Dialogue - Cuento
MX VOLUNTARIOJJ TATA JUANARUW CEBAD JAWK'AN YANAPI1
Voluntario: Tata Juan, cawquirus uca lawanac apt'at sarascte2
Tata Juan: Qhaya pamp cebad jawkleriw sarasct tata, jumasti?3
V.: Nayajj juman utam jutascgygta.
TJ: Ay ucaw tata, nayajj janiw jutanam yatcHygtti, yatiriscHygt
ucajj janiw cebad jawk'er sarquiriscgygtti.
V: Waliquisquiw tata, antisas nayajj jumarojj cebad jawk'afi
yanapafi munsma, sarascadgn tata Juan?
TJ: Nayaru?Ay tata, cebad jawleanajj wali ch'amaw tata, uqhgmarus
jakenacajj ufich'uquipjjetaspawa --gringompiw tata Juanajj
yanapayasi --sasa.4
V: Janiw jakejj parlcaniti, jin sarafign tata, nayajj ingsctwa.
TJ: Uqhgmajj sararillnisay tata, ucatarac kariscasma.5
V: Janiw karcHti, nayajj wal cebad jawk'afi yatekafi munta.
Janiw tata, pasir phajjsejj nayajj tata Andresaruw yap luran
yanapta, janiw karjquituti.... Jichhtlrojj janiw cuna
luranajjas utjquiti.
TJ: Sarafign tata, aca lawanac apafi yanapt'it tata.
(Voluntariomp Juanampejj cebad jawk'apjje)
TJ: Jawklan kalltafign tata.6
V: Waliquiw tata, cuna sutinis aca lawajja?
TJ: Hanacajj aca lawarojj --jawk'gna --sap jjtwa.7
Jawk'afia
satawa. Juman marcaman jawlegnajj utjaraquiti?
V: Ay tata... nanacajj marcajjanjj maquinampiw jawk'apjjta, janiu
amparamp jumanacjam jawklapcti.8
TJ: Ilayajj uca maquin alasid munirista, ucampis kollkew jan
utjquiti, wall car8pachajjaya. Inas jutir marajj alaschi.
V: Jis tata, ucampis jumatejj alasifi munapinismajja, mg urojj
jawk'an maquinamajj utjaspawa. Aca cebadajj sumaua.Cawqhans aljata?
TJ: Achacachir aljiriw apt, uca kollkempejj wawanacajjataquiw
machak isinac alI, ucat jupanacarojj m1 suma regalo churg.
Aqhgmaw jawk'afiejj tata...
V: Ah, wali chlamas1...10
TJ: Ucajj tata, niy cebad arcunac tucuntjjtanwa, karjpachgtam1
wa..
V: Janiw wal karjquituti.
TJ: Samareangn tata, acajj manklajj mank'easingni...
(Voluntariomp tata Juanampejj marojj wal trabajapjje)
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411
LESSON XXXVI - Dialogue
NOTES
1 jawklana 'to thresh'
2 uca lawanac apt'at 'with those.sticks' (lit. carrying those sticks').
Besides functioning as passive participles, verb forms in -.4-a nay alp,'
serve as active particles.
3 p_a_ati.a 'pampa, plain' (cf. Spanish pampa)
4 unchluauina 'to look at, watch.'
"ak.L.enaca'iunch.iletaspawa 'the men can see me.'
gastaz 'he allows himself to be helped.
5 ucatarac kariscasma 'Imtch that you not the out.' (infinitive
karisina). The optative is often used to denote care, attention.
optative is equivalent to the negative potential/conditional Without
the negative suffix Ucatarac 'by (means of) that'.
6 kalltafia 'to begin'
7 jak'gfia 'threshing instrument'
8 maquina 'machine' (cf. Spanish mgauina)
1....a'ulTlIsiEra 'like you'. The suffix -lama, with elision of the prece::imr,
vowel, also has the meaning 'like.'
The suffix (-diama- may also be preceded by the suffix -r(u)'to'
e.g. iiwasaij wajchanaeariamapijtanwa 'we are' like orphans'
jiwasaji wajskanacjamarjjtanwa
9 rtga,22 (ri:iabi) 'gift' (cf. Spanish regalq).
10 The suffix -s1 indicates exclamation.
11 arcu 'pile of unthreshed barley'
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412
LESSON XXXVII - Quimsa tune pakallkonir lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
amuyasifia
arnakana (ru)
azot'ina ( azut'ina) (ru)
Cu"ke chuyma
horasapana
jakonucuna (ru)
jaysalia (ru)
jawsana (ru)
munana
nuwana (ru)
sareafia (ru)ttikena (ru)umata
warariiia (ru)
wayunucuna (ru)
darse cuenta
gritonear
azotar
vezsobrioa tiempo
botar
aceptar
liamar
querer, amar
pegar
visi.tarrenirborracho
gritar
botar (de las manos)
Grammar - Suma parlatiataoui
to realize
to call to
to whip
(one) timesoberon time
to throw out
to accept, agree
to call
to love
to hit
to visitto quarrel, wrangledrunk
to shout
to throw out (with thebands)(people,
objects)
I. Dubitative present with pronominal objects: endings are attached to the
verb stem.
I' to
'you' singular to
'he' to
'you'you
'him'
-sma (= 1st sing. punctual withpronominal object)
-sta (= 1st sing. dubitative)
'you' (pl.) -(apjj)-sma (= 1st pl. punctualwith pronominal objects)
'them' -sta (= 1st sing. dubitative)
Ime I
'him'
'us' (pl.)
'them'
'me'
'you'you
'him'
- chista
-sta (= 2nd sing.
-(apjj)-chista
- sta (= 2nd sing.
dubitative)
dubitativc)
-chitu
7:q94
'chi (= 3rd .".ag ,lubitatliva)
e
i
-1
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LESSON XXXVII - Grammar
(dual) to
'we' (dual pl.) to
we to
'you' (pl.) to
'they' to
'us' (dual)
'us' (dual
'us' (pl.)
'you' (pl.)
'them'
'him'
'them'
'him'
'them'
'you'you
-ebistu
Pl.) -(9Ajj)-chistu
-(apii)-chitu
-ippjj)-chl (= 3rd pl. dubita-'tive)
-stan (= 1st dual dubitative)
-(ErLia!::sazl (= 1st dual (pl.)dubitative)
1st dtial pl.
dubitative)
ist dual pl.dubitaticre)
(= 1st pl. punzt-:al
with pronominal object)
'him' -(Apii)-sta (= 1st pl. dubita-tige)
'you' (pl.) -(a21-!)-3ma (= 1st withpronominal objecLa)
'them' -(mit)-sta (4,== 1st pl. dub-;_ta-
ti7e)
I me I
'him'
'us' (pl.)
'them'
'we'
'you'
'him'
'us' (dual)
'us' (eual
'us' .01
'you' (pl.)
'them'
-(apjj)-chista
-(apj j) -sta (= 2nd pl. dubita-tive)
-(ARii)MS111115A
-(apii)-sta. (= 2nd pl. dubita-tive)
(mil) AjALI
-(apii)-stam
- (ARin-chi (= 3rd pl. dubita-tive)
- (EptiTc-chista
pl.) -(aPjj)-chistu
-(apil)-stam
(= 3rd pl. dubita-tive)
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LESSON XXXVII - Grammar
II. Negative forms require the insertion of the discontinuous negative
-c...ti with !an: Jan churcsmati, etc. The plural infix in the
negative is 7.42-: jan shurapcsmati, etc.
Uhen the subject is 'we' (pl.) and the object 'him/them,' the last
vowel is elided before the negative -ti: jan jaysapcstti. The ending
-sta with a 1st person subject only ('I' to 'him/them') is replaced by
-sti in the negative (not -stati; -stati is the form for the 2nd person
subject).
III. -jjata 'concerning, about': requires elision of the preceding vowel.
e.g. uywanacjjat 'about animals'
jarcitat 'about the village'
IV jan amuvasis: 'without realizing.' Present active participles after
jan 'not, without' are formed by replacing the infinitive ending by -sa:
e.g. inas_ialiamuasistu 'perhaps they bit me without
realizing it.'
It is not necessary to insert a negative infix in the participle.
(Ebbing also lists such participles with a negative infix. The
differences are not clear. Perhaps if the main verb is negative, then a
negative infix would be expected in the participle as well (added to
the verb stem):
e.g. inas i,_Iyascas'anianant nuwapcchituti 'perhaps they didn't hit me
without realizing it.' The problem requires further research.)
V. -na in the meaning of 'time when': maran(a) 'in a year'
e.g. na maran utajj luranani 'we will build the house in a year.'
In this construction, -ta can also be used:
and marat utajj luratiani.
VI. Addition of -guiri- /-cori-/-curi- (also -iri-/ -ori-/ -uri-) to the
verb stem creates a verb phrase meaning 'who is - - -'; the forms are
always the object of a verb:
e.g. Marcar sarir unjapjjtwa 'We saw him (while he was)
going to the village'. .
The subject of a verb in -(au)iri- is not the same as that of the mai1
verb. When the subject of -(s.92isi- 5.s the sar,e thL, of the main
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LESSON XXXVII
415
verbs participles in -sisa are used instead (attached. to,tbein4initiv.T.
The suffixes -par(u) and -nach(a) may be attached to the verb foigm).
e.g. apianacaliiumanicar inas iachauirparT7ayunucupjjatam
'Perhaps they threw you *out (while you were) crying'.
Ea..tali impanacar inas wararcuirDach jareksta
'Perhaps I screamed at them (while they were) drunk'.
Substitution Drill - l!asa arunac uscuiia
M. Nayajj jumar inas t'ant' chursma.
E. Nayajj jumar inas t' ant' chursma,
jupajj nayar
E. Jupajj nayar inas t' ant' churchitu.
M. jumajj nayar
E. Jumajj nayar inas t' ant' churchista.
M. ques aljchista
E. Jumajj nayar inas ques aljchista.
IL nanacajj jumanacar
E. Nanacajj jumanacar inas ques aljapjjsma.
M. jumanacajj nanacar
E. Jumanacajj nanacar inas ques aljapjjchista.
M. jupanacajj jumanacar
E. Jupanacajj iumanacar inas ques aljapjjstam.
M. jachquirpar wayunucupjjstam
E. Jupanacajj jumanacar inas jachquirpar wayunucupjjstam.
N. jiwasajj jupar
E. Jiwasajj jupar inas jachquirpar wayunucstan.
M. jupanacajj nanacar
E. Jupanacajj nanacar inas jachquirpar vayunucupjjchitu.
nayajj jupanacar
E. Nayajj jupanacar inaq jachquirpar wayunucsta.
M. wararquirpach jareksta
E. Nayajj jupanacar inas wararquirpach jareksta.
M. nanacajj jumar
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epemsodeuvA uec smut aymnp ccedieN .g
T3emsodeueA uec smut aemq ppekell g Pue4s4des4Aum TET0A ecTum smut aeoBuedrq ppouuesemT1 'a
aupeuminc preaeuesumTp 14
.ewsUdellAum NIT0A rftea sent avmnr ppepuuem -a
aemnp ppeouueu 4 .elsokem ATToA yftea seat leovueducTrekem -a
v4sOkem NTT04 vftem 'N
.elsmnu tpudTemn smut zuouuednp ppekeN -a
avoeuednp prekeu 34
n4Ttlogdnmnu tord4ymn sent avovueu cPaaeuedur -a
aeopuvu ccuouuednc g uelsmnu wedTemn scut audnr ccesemu H
ard4 ccesemTp 14
me4sffdemnu wedlumn smut avopuemnp ffeoeuedrif g mulsUdennu smut tpudlumn 'N
melscpyilaus Ono Hm ueiem suuT aeoeuemnp prpovuudnr -a
aupeuumnp Cpouuednp
u4spi3cpullaus via Hm mama sent avorueu cruovuemnr 21
aupeueu ccupeuemnp
semsccdelues Ono Hm uvivtu seat avamemq gpaeueN .2
ishoeuumnp cceovueu 14
°B1sTtiollivs 4no Em uviem suuT aulteu Cpemnr .a
e4sTqp1 lies Ono Em warm i4
..e3splozepaT Tecpetionc smut lekeu prumnr -a
auAeu ccemnp
n4TwaroaT 4vccetionf smut avAeu rcudnf fa
atIvu predlic /4
.vmsTepaT zummionc smut aumq ccekem .g
vmsluoiT Temetionc mit xemq PryAeN 1q
.uelscpuNpaup goudaTnbauxem smut aepeuednp fproeuesvmTf 6g
avoruudric Pcepeuesemg 'N
-vmspcdmiarep wydaTnbaviem smut aymnp quart /en -a
TTTaa uoT1n4T3scinS - IIAXXX MOSSY'
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417
LESSON XXXVII - Substitution Drill
I. jupajj nayar
E. Jupajj nayar inas jan yanapcchituti.
M. jamajj nayar
Jumajj nayar inas jan yanapcchistati.
He achicchistati
E. Jumajj nayar inas jan achicchistati,
M. nanacajj jumanacar
E. Nanacajj jumanacar inas jan achicapcsnati.
M. jumanacajj nanacar
E. Jumanacajj nanaaar inas jan achicapcchistatie
M. jupanacajj jumanacar
E. Jupanacajj jumanacar inas jan achicapcstamti.
M. jakonucupcstamti
E. Jupanacajj jumanacar inas jan jakonucupcstamti.
jiwasajj jupar
E. Siwasajj jupar inas jan jakonvccstantie
M. nayajj jupanacar
E. Nayajj jupanacar inas jan jakonuccstti.
M. umat arnakcsti
E. Nayajj jupanacar inas jan umat arnakcsti.
M. nanacajj jumar
E. Nanacajj jumar inas jan umat arnakapcsmati.
M. jiwasanacajj jupanacar
E. Jiwasanacajj jupanacar inas jan umat arnakapcstanti.
M. nanacajj jumanacar
E. Nanacajj jumanacar inas jan umat arnakapcsmati.
M. Nayajj jumar inas jan chawll churcsmati.
E. Nayajj jupar inas jan chawll churcsmati.
U. jupajj nayar
E. Jupajj nayar inas jan chawll churcchituti.
M. jumajj nayar
E. Jumajj nayar inas jan chawll churcchistati.
M. kollk mayecchistati
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8117
elsploffdeoppe ov3vgvanT dell sent avoeuvu pfeoeuemnr
elsplopfdeoppe
.T4e4sTwodeoppy peleuvani drA imp suet aeovueu pfeaeuemnr
avoeuvu ppeovuemnf
TlemsodeoTtioe peaeueanT dull uvf seuT avoyuumnf fpeoeueN
Tlemsodeoppe puleuvani dull
.pumsodnonunAem goudaTnbauaem uuf scut aeoeuemnf ffuovueN
uup
emsffdnonunAem wedaTnbleaeA smut aeovuemnp ppepeueN
aeovuemnf fpeoeueu
-emsonunAva wedaTnbaeaem sent aumnf ppeAeN
.emsonunAem wedaTnbaexem seuT aemnf ffeArN
Tlue4sodemnu mAntio availlo uuC scut avoeuednf fpeovuesemu
avoeuednf ffeoeuesemTf
.T3emsodennu mAntio °vamp uef scut aumnp ffuovueN
aemnp ffuovueu
.T3somnu mAnto avolo uvf seuT aweuednf pfeAuN
psomnu mAntio avolo
°T4solieuxe TOM iref seuT aeovuednf ffeleg
aeoeuednf ffeAvu
.T1n4Ttioadelleuae lemn uef seuT.aeoeueu fpoeuednr
avoeueu ppeovuednp
fluelsoAeuie leum uef suuT audnp ffesemTr
avdnf ffusemg
.pmelsodexeme Temn upp seuT avovuemnp ffeoeuednr
Tweasodeleme lemn
°T4mulsodeokem l'['[01 trec sent avoruemnf ffeoeuedni
avoeuumnf pfepeuednp
eTaeasploodeolem VET011 uuf sent avoeuvu pfuovuemnr
avoeueu ppepeuemnf
eTTemszdeillem ITIoN uvf sent avovuemnp ffeovueN
avcreuemnf fpepeuvu
'TTelsT110313Aum WITcl uef seat avAeu ffemnr
.3
. II
a
N 53
14
.3
TA
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.3
.3
'a xt .a N
a
'N
.3
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. 3
14
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TiTaa uoT4n4T4sqns IIAXXX NOSS3'I
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LESSON XXXVII - Substitution Drill
':1
H. jupanacajj jut anacar
E. 'Jupanacajj jumanacar leas yap luranatac achicapjjstam.
M. jan wal!pan jakonucupjjstam
E. Jupanacajj jumanacar inas jan walipan jakonucupjjstam.
jiwasajj jupanacar
E. Jiwasajj jupanacar inas jan walipan jakonucstan.
M. jupanacajj nanacar
E. Jupanacajj nanacar inas jan wal!pan jakonucupjjchitu.
M. nayajj jupanacar
E. Nayajj jupanacar inas jan walipan jakonucsta.
M. jayrgpan azot'sta
E. Nayajj jupanacar inas jay gpan azot'sta.
M. nanacajj jumar
E. Nanacajj jumar inas jayrgpan azot'ipjjsma.
M. nayajj jumanacar
E. Nayajj jumaracer inas jayrgpan azot'ipjjsma.
Completion Drill - Arunac phokachana
Insert the correct form of churana.
Nayajj jumar inas kollk
Nayajj jupar inas kollk
Nayajj jumanacar inas kollk
Nayajj jupanacar inas kollk
mays' aDA
Jumajj nayar inas
Jumajj jupar inas kollk ...11aLf.4111.011M
Jumajj nanacar inas kollk
Jumajj jupanacar inas kollk mwammoomlnommem.
wad' ana
Jivasajj jupar inas pokot
Jiwasajj jupanacar inas pokot 0.1.1= elIONOl.
chursma
chursta
churapjjsma
chursta
mayechista
mayesta
nayeapjjchista
mayesta
wajjeana
wajjestan/wajje-apjjstan
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nasploCcduppeA rpsTqatiolleA
/ nasTprpeppeA
TippcdutpTauA
meascputiaTleA
naTtioCpulpTauA
eascpuslosTC uasploppeapsTp eascpulaosTc e3STI1Orrde1TOSTc
eascpuAnaup
umscpeAnauo
easpCduAnaup
vmsrpeAnauo
TqopCdeunm
meascpeunm
nappfcdeunm
nasTpCpuunm
n4sTqaunm
Tqounm
masunm
nappunm
uuasCpuoccum mascpusafTem
TeUpeuenAn suuT asouuesemTC quouuednr
augouuemAn smut ausemTp ccupeuednr
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aerpaem seuT avAeu crepeuumnf
UMBI3OST.
mTueC 6
MTUVP 6
MTUBP 6
TapdTsTleA
ITT031 sent aeoeuednp prepeuem
TvdTsTquA
e geAnauo
TaTnbdTauA tut 6
T1940#424( ATUVP 6
'T404124 MTUVP 6
suuT aupuumang quorum
TaodTsulme
ITTOI smut ledric ppeoeurN
TapdTseame
Trum smut aemnr ccepeuem
.TaueaoauA aTuuf 6
.TaTnbauA mTuec 6
.T4B4041:19A MTUVP 6
T434B1. Miler
scut aupuudnp gpedni
soul aupeuumnp ppedrif
m suuT 1E321= ccRdilf
T411B43dT4" scut aupeuesemTp ccednr
equunm
scut aesumTr Updnr
smut audrq ffedrif
sruT ammiC ccedni
smut auAeu ccednr
aolod smut aeoeuednc Hezeuesumu
3oNod smut audrq Frepeuesemu
ITTaa uoTandmoD - IIAXXX mossal
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LESSOO Completion Drill
Jupanacaj laanacar inas uywaLar:jjat
Jupanacajj jumanacar inas uywanacjjat
Jupanacajj jupanacar inas uyvanacjjat
/100111.111015.41
churana
Nayajj jumar inas jan kollk
Nayajj juDar inas jan kollk
Nayajj jumanacar inas jan kollk
Nayajj jupanacar inas jan kollk
mayttana
Jumajj nayar inas jan kolik
Jumajj jupar inas jan kolik
Jumajj nanacar inas jan kellh
Jumajj jupanacar inas jan kollk
Jupajj nayar inas jan
Jupajj jumar inas jan
Jupajj jupar inas jan
Jupajj jiwasar inas jan
Jupajj jiwasanacar inas jan
Jupajj nanacar inas jan
Jupajj jupanacar inas jan
Jupajj jupanacar inas jan
iawsana
IMINOOMOISIMN.M1
011no
01140.11.1.00,...414.0.0aummommOdrwinsiMO.1
11./.IIIMMIMIIIMVINNINVIMeNIIMIIIIO
ERidtlgia
Jiwasajj jupar inas jan pokot
Jiwasajj jupanacar inas jan pokot
Jiwasanacajj jupar inas jan pokot
Jiwasanacajj jupanacar inas jan pokot .
taxsafia
Nanacajj jumar inas jan
Nanacajj jupar inas jan
Nanacajj jumanacar inas jan
Nanacajj jupanacar inas jan
y.etichapjjchii:u
yatichapjjstam
yatichapjjchi
churcsmati
churcsti
churapasmati
churcsti
mayttcchistati
mayttcstat4
mayt'apcchistati
mayttcszati
jewssch.;:tuti
jawsctamti
jawscchiti
jawscstuti
jawsapcchistuti
jawsapcchituti
j awsapcstamti
jawscchiti
wajjecstanti
waj j t t cs taut iiwaj j t -
apcStanti
wajjt'apcstanti
wajjttarcstanti
jaysapcsmati
jaysapcstti
jaysapcsmati
jaysapcstti
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pue3so4n4ep-
T4e4sTtioDAnze3
pewspAnlep
me4sgde1altem
e4sTt3 Cpuilkem
umsCpeintp
uelsgdellitem
uelsinip
n4Tipantlo
easTvintio
emsintp
ploppiemnu
me4sCCdemnu
n4Ttopplemnu
n4spl3 ppeAnu
n4sTtio -Cpiemnuin4svpmnu
Ttioffdemnu
melscCdemnu
naTtioppemnu
pelsodellies
Tlelsploodesurs
pelsodesues
Tlelsploodeslies
paAo uup smut aupeued4 CCesemTC getimpu
PAO uec scut leAvu Ccemnp CCetplou
CaAO IMP scut aumnp Nekeu CCetimou
uyeAnzeo 'A
T4TnbdTselme mTuer 6TEITIA-Triffi)TIN0n3
peTeuTieqb tionqb scut aeoeuemnr ppezeuednf
al/oselme mpreC g(euellAem)
TiTtiono pezepTiegb tfanqb seat xelteu freaeumunf
TvdTseure mTuec f.(eUeinuo) oeuTsT
Imp= oulemeoeueTTC smut avaeuemnc Cceoeuem
0T4uulDdTseame mTuep g(eueslAvu)
uTmeTeo pe4e4n seuT aeoeuednr rcepeuesemu
-Flue4oselme mTuer
6(eueintp) ATTol peledezel smut aednC gesumTr
T3Tnbselme mTuep
'(fileanip) xTIox aeloapaa seat xuAeu Ccednr
-poselme mTuer
4(eueingo) uTol Deleffele4 seuT auAeu Ccemnf
floselme mTueC
4(Wnlro) xuol pelemeTe4 suuT aumnp CpekeN
sTseAnure lief' SHUT aezeuednp CCe3euednr
6TseAnme ueC scut aeoeuemnr rpeoeuedni
sTsuAnme ueC seuT leaeueu CCepeuednr
sTseAnwe ueC uec scut aeoeuesemTf Cpeopurdnf
sTsuAnue ueC sent lesemTC CPeoeuednr
sTsuAnme ueC scut audnC PCepeuednr
sTseAnwe u8C scut aulanC CCepsuedni
sTseAnwe ueC scut avAeu Cpeoeuednr
euemnu
uedeselog ueC scut lepeuednF peoeuemnf
uedeselog uep scut aeoeueu Ccepeuumnr
ueduseioq ueC seuT audnc cCepeuemnf
ueduseloq ueC scut aekeu ppepeuemnr
euellies
TTTia uo TleTdmo3 IIAXXX mossaa
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VI.
LESSON XXXVII - Completion Drill
yenapana
EasUrojj nanacajj jupar inas jan yap luran
MasErojj jumanacajj nayar inas jan yap lurafi
MasErojj jupanacajj nanacar inas jan yap lurad
MasErojj jupajj jupanacar inas jan sum (_hami.iiiis).
Fayriirojj jiwasanacajj jupanacar inas jan
(chuymtapp).
Nayaj j jumar jichhajj inas
Jumajj nayar jichhajj inasamuyascti.
Jiwasajj jupar jichhajj inasamuyasctanti.
munafia
, janiw amuyascti.
, janiw
, janiw
tokena
Jupajj jumar jichhajj Inas janiw
amuyasctati.
Jiwasanacajj jupanacar jichhajj inas ,
janiw amuyasipctanti.
Nanacajj jumanacar jichhajj inas , janiw
amuyasipcti.
Jumanacajj jupar jichhajj inas , janiw
amuyasquiti.
Jupanacaj j nayar jichhajj inas (chuvmiafia), janiw
amuyascti.
L
yanapapcsti
yanapapcchistati
yanapapcchituti
chuymjapcchiti
chuymjapcstanti
munsma
munchista
inuns tan
tokstam
tokepjjstan
tokepjjsma
tokepjjsta
'chuymjapjjchitu
Questions and Answers - Jisceananacampi ivaw sadanacamni
M. Jumajj nayar inas kollk churchistati?
E. Jisa, nayajj inas jumar kollk chursma.
M. Jiwasajj jupar inas pokot wajjestanti7
E. JMsa, jiwasajj inas pokot wajjestan.
Jupajj jumar inas munstamti?
E. Jisa, jupajj inas t.ayar munchitu, janiw yatcti.
Jumanacajj inas kollk catuyapcbistati?
E. Nanacajj inas jumar kollk catuyapjjsma, janiw amtasipcti.
Lk....w.,,,,................12'r-1_.2:..-
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umspiumnu soul
.TI.u4saCCdumnu aukeu CCuouuumnf 'ozueioi u3eI
melsffdemnu suui
LT3n3aCcdemnu aukuu ccoausem cpuovuednC 'uTaulq uweN
.u3spipoCCum semi
LTzemsoffum opium aumnr Ur/Cum
smulsCpTuuliedu sea'
cculleCpTueLedu ouueuTnbT elgos aupeueu Ccupeuednr
uu3sgmnu suui
zfluu3Crinu Cpansum =Inc CCesumTr
Inasplookem suui
LT4n3sTo6vm pus:Lao ausemTC ffedrir
uulsCcduoCCum Suul
cpue3CCduoccum Trrol auzuuudnC CCupeuesumTr
. me3scCduCTe seta
cpnlappeCTu outworn. Tsbn IB3BUVU fpeouuudnr
112Ttipprdeingo soul
LT3me3CCdeinip zuumpuod aupuuumnp rCupeuudnr
-n3T43CCduantio suui
'a
.2
.2
14
.a
'N
.2
. N
'N
.a
cpmulgduantlo drum aupuuumnC qesoTau0 u3u3 goapad ,1
n3Ttpantip soul
LTamelintio Aostio aumnr CfucinC 4-emum
emsantio set!'
LT3u2sTantp oueo aukuu CpumnpuTei
-umsunm soot CCutitipTC aumnf ffeiteu 'emTuur
LT4u4sTvounm uur soul cputanc aukeu CpuTpu
-T3n3TposmuC uur smut luicuu rCedric 'usu.
LT3uu3sosmuC uuC suuT =uric Ccedur
u3solum audtIC scut CCukuu 4ussr
1,T3u3soArm Triol suuT audnp CCumnr
naTtiodutioTleA lufforuumAn scut au/Wu CCupuuudrIC 'usu.
LT3mu3sCputiopuA 3uCCoeuumAn smut Cruouuednr
.umsgpuslosTC 2ucCoiem scut zumnp rpouuuu 'usu.
1,T3u3splogcluoosTC luCparm aultuu scut CCepuuumnr
.2
.N
a
'N
.a
'N
'N
.2
.N
.a
N
Tula uopeTdmoo - Halm Nossaa
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LESSON XXXVII
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA LUCASAJJ CHHIJCHHI JARQ'IR TATAMPIV PAR&
Tata Lucasajj ma estancianjj jilir jakewa. Jupajj wal llaquisi, cunalay--w-
cutejj sapa maraw chhijchhejj yapunac apsuwayi.2 iichha marajj Lucasaruu
wact'i chhijchhi jarq'ir thakafiapataqui.3 z a albatasti Lucasajj
jarq'irin utap sari. Uca tatan sutipajj Jaime satanwa.
Lucas: Tata... tata... mama,.. mama...
Jaime: Qhitisa?
rayat tata, nayaquIp7 visitasir jutta, v±siteanYmay tata. Nayaw
aca albat sarnakascta.
J: Ah, tata Lucasjaracatasa, cunarurac aca albat sarnaktasti:
L: Ay tata Jaime, juyranacaij wali sumapiniw jichha marajja. UcampL;
tatanacajj wal llaquisipjje. PalUruw jupanacajj tantachasipjjc,ucatsti chhijchhi jarq'ir tat thalzanan sapjjewa. Jichhajj rayajj
ucaruw jutta, yanapeapjjetay tata Jaime, jumajj yatstajjayno
J: Ay ucaw tata, nayajj aca urunacajj janiw inUcti, janiw tiempojj
utjquituti, jan ucajj yanaptbasiristwa. Chuquiag sarafiajjawa.
L: Mira, tat suma, jan uqhamamti.
J: Ucapi, camacharaquinanisti?
L: Pasir semanajj chhijchhejj cebad apsuwayi. Wawanacajj wal
wararipjjana, jakenacas ughamaraquiw nin phuchhapjjana waifarnakasisa --Kollur saram achachila, Lollur saram achadaila --
sasina.4
J: Jisay, nayas uctirojj wal ilawuista. Ughamajj nayaw yanapa?ijama.
Sapaquiw nayajj inciensomp phuchhasta.5 Jakenac munapjjchi
ucqhajja, nayajj yanapeapjjamawa. Cunapechataquirac munapjjesti
L: Kharayp'utaquiw munapjje, cunanaca alapjjeristjje
J: Liamp'u, kawra sullu, wanc'u kallunaca, coca, color papela,alcohola, color t'awra, take ucanaca.6
L: Waliquiw tata, nayaw take ucanac alt, arumanthpachaw ChuquiagsararaquY.
J: Waliquiw uqhMmajj tata Lucasa.
L: Kawkha yauapirs mungtajj tata?
J: Quimsakalikon muna tata, paninejj kotaruw phuchhir apani,paninisti jach'a kolluru, paninejj pamparu, paninisti alayaru.
7
L: Uqhanmjj nayaw achica kharayp'utac tata. Waliquiw tata, jichhajj
sara.
J: Waliquiw tata, jiquisificamay tata.
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LESSON XXXVII- Dialogue
NOTES
1 chhijchhi 'hailstorm'
jasqlaiia 'to intercept, impede'
chhijsniisn'iri 'one who is in charge of intercept5ng or preventing
hailstorms'
2 muyafia 'carry off' (in this context,'to ruin')
3 waceafia 'to fall to one's lot'
4 nina 'fire'
phuchhafia (also phichhafia) 'to burn piles of dead grass, etc.'
achachila 'evil spirit' (cf. achila, achachila 'grandfather')
5 incienso (incinso) 'incense'; cf. Spanish incienso.
6 llamp'u 'uncooked llama fat'
kawra sullu 'llama fetus' (cf. sullca 'younger; a minor')
coca (cuca) 'coca'
e
color (culur) papella 'colored paper' (Spanish loan words combined
according to an Aymara pattern.) Cf. Spanish construction papel
de color.
color (culur) t'awra 'dyed wool.' Cf. Spanish construction lana de color.
7 akya a short form for 'north'; also means 'above, over'
The terms for direction are as follows:
'East' inti-jalsu (lit. 'sunrise'); also ialsu (from jalsufia 'to go
running.')
'West' inti-ialnnta (lit. 'sunset'); also jalanta (from 'to run,
'South' avnach-inti (lit. 'below' + 'sun'); also aynacha
'North' alay tok'e (lit. 'above' + 'direction')
IP 1
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LESSON XXXVIII Ouimsa turc quim:eallkonir lecciDnr
Vocabulary - Arunace
ajjsariri
alcatana (ru)
amuyeayana (ru)
asqui luedwi
casofia (ru)
jach'a,jach' tuctiia
jach'a bigtucuna to finish,
jan casosir
liaphi
pantjayana (ru)
pantjata
take chuyma
ylikata (ru)
timid()
depositor confianzaen algo
dar consejos, orientar
obra buena
ester prudarte
enorgullecerse
to become
imprudente
hacer equivocar
error
de buena voluntad
respetar
Grammar - Suma parlanatagui
427
shy (person)
to place confidence insomething or someone
to advise
good piece of work
to be prudent
to become proud
imprudent
docile
to cause one to makea mistake
mistake
of good will
to respect
1. Future dubitative with pronominal objects endirgs are attached to he
verb stem:
'I'
Iv you'
to 'you'you -chima
'him! -chi(= 1st sing. future dubitative)
'you' (pl.)-(vpii)-chYma (V = infinitive stemvowel)
'them' -chi (= 1st sing. future dubitative)
to 1me 1 -chitilta
'he' to
'him' -chMta (= 2nd sing. future dubita,-tive)
'us' (pl.) -(Vpii)-chitUta
'them' -chita (= 2nd sing. future dubita-tive)
'me'
'you'
-chitani
791TUA
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LESSON XXXVIII - Grammar
428
'him' -chini (= 3rd sing. future dubita-tive)
'us'(dual) -stani
'us'(dual pl.) - (Vpjj) -stani
'us'(p1.)
'you' (pl.)-(V0i)-chitpa
'them' -(Vgji)-chini (= 3rd plural futuredubitative)
'we' (dual) to 'him' -chiani (= 1st dual future dubita-tive)
'them' -(Vpjj)*-chiani (=1st dual (pl.)future dubitative)
'we' (dual pl.) to 'him' -(Vpij)-chin ni (= 1st dual pluralfuture dubitative)
'them' -(Vpii)-chiani (= 1st dual pluralfuture dubitative)
'we' (pl.) to 'you' -012iiimshYma
'him' -(yhjj)-chi (= 1st plural futuredubitative)
'you' (p1.) to
'you' (pl.)-(VpjA)-chYma
'them' -(Vpjj)-chi (= 1st plural futuredubitative)
'me' -(ypij)-chitHta
'him' -(Vpij)-chYta (= 2nd pl. futuredubitative)
'us' (p1.) -(V0i)-chitgta
'them' -(Vpij)-chYta (= 2nd pl. futuredubitatIJc)
'they' to 'me'
'you' -0/0:0-chtna
'him' -(Vp1j)-chini (= 3rd pl. futuredubitat:Ive.)
'us'(dual) -(V0i)*-stani
'us'(dual pl.) -(Vpjj)-stani
'us' (pl.) -(Vpjj)-chitani
'you' (pl.)-(Vpjj)-chitoa
'them' (2 2rd plural fut/:.;:e
dubilatli7e)
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4 9 r)
LESSON XXXVIII - Grammar
Negative forms require the insertion of the discoutinuous infix
with jja: lasAlisacch2nati. The plural infix in the negative is -Voc-
where V = the infinitive stem vowel): janajdsviati.
III. Forms with the suffix -iii- may function both as nouns and adjectives:
e.g. ImpanastijAnyAlILEAgstriaREELI. 'They are not respected people.'
Imonacajj jach'a jach' tucur lakenacapiitalm. 'They are prouipeople.'
IV. asqui lurall. 'good piece of work'
-Vwi (V = infinitive stem vowel) primarily indicates place where the
action takes place (cf. Crammar. , Lesson. XYXI;. A second meaning
custom or habit of doing the action:
e.g. anatawi 'place to place, habit of playing.'
Finally, -Vwi, in a few cases, seiveb to form a passive participe
(-ta is far more productive in this capacity)';
lurawi 'done, made'
2E.IL1247ipa 'his education, Instru,:tion'
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscufia
A. Nayajj jupar inas jakonucchi.
L. Nayajj jupar inas jakonucchi.
M. jupajj nanacar
E. Jupajj nanacar inas jakonucupjjchitani.
A. jumajj nanacar
E. Jumajj nanacar inas jakonucupjjchitata.
M. azot'ipjjchittta
E. Jumajj nanacar inas azoeipjjchitgta.
M. jiwasanacajj jupanacar
E. vTiwasanacajj jupanacar inas azoeipjjehingni.
M. nayajj jumanacar
E. I:ayajj jumanacar inas azoeipjjchNa.
M. lupajj jumanacar
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..emagarrdunN4 seuF crucIanaso aupullemnf fpoutlem -a
aeoeuemnr crepeueu g .ed2zgarpenflA seuT !:cueTenose aeoeuemq rrminf -a
ud4yloccdulalA seuT ffunanose lg
--ed2isqaccdelepie seuT ccueaem, araeuem4 qudnf -a
aupeuemnp cpeolnc 'N
symylocCdeTene CCueaem seuT aypeuemnr ffekeN -a
aupeuumnp cpukeu
TuRuTtioffde2epie Crueaem smut aupeuednp Ue3euesemu -a
aeoeued4 cCepeuesemg
.m.e2414aCcdelene ffuvaem seuT aeoeuemnp Cpeoeuednr
mulivloppeleore pCuelem
.me2plopplesliec Cfoanaum seuT avoeuemng ppeoeuednr
aypeuemnp CCepeuedng
TuvaTtiocCdpskeC ffoanaexpi seuT aeorueu pedni
aeoeueu [Ter:Inc
iumplosAup Ccoanaeqx scut aumnC cpageg
-emyloskep Ppanautm seuT armnp ppeSum
°TuelTimuule 2emn smut avAeu qednr
avAuu Cpednp
Tue2ploccduAeuau lumn suuT aeoeueu rpeoeuedni
ae3eueu rcepeuednC
eTunuTtioNeuae Temn seuT audnc ccusutaTr
TuRuppleuau 2umn
°TunuTtpaescpe smut audnc cCusenTr
audnr fTesumTf
sulnaTtioppeaescp smut avoeueu cruovuumni
avoeueu ffeoeuetunp
.emplorpeausrce spuT aeoeuemnp CfeDeueN
auouuumnp Ueoeueu
sudapoccdulescce seuT aeoeuumnc Ppednf
edlyloppdelesPe
edlpioccdTslozm smut aupeuumnp ccedni
14
i4
-N
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am
'N
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`N
*a
'N
.a
N
'N
.N
N
ITTaa uoT2nlpscinS - IIIAXXX mossal
0E17
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421
LESSON XXXVIII - Substitution Dell
M. jumanacajj nanacar
E. Jumanacajj nanacar escuelanjj inas ygkapjjchitgta.
M. jiwasajj jupar
E. Jiwasajj jupar escuelanjj inas yUkchifigni.
M. fiieut mururchingni
E. Jiwasajj jupar escuelanjj inas fiic'ut mururchifigni.
M. jupanacajj nanacar kharayp'ojj
E. Jupanacajj nanacar kharayp'ojj iras escuelanjj fiic'ut mururapjj-chitani.
M. jupaj j nayar
E. Jupajj nayar kharayp'ojj inas escuelanjj nic'ut mururchitani.
M. Nayajj jupar inas jan yanapcchYti.
E. Nayajj jupar inas jan yanapcchiti.
M. jupajj nanacar
E. Jupajj nanacar inas jan yanapapcchitaniti.
M. jumajj nanacar
E, Jumajj nanacar inas jan yanapapcchitgtati.
M. cuchill mayeapcchitgtati
E. Jumajj nanacar loos jan chuchill mayeapcchitgtati,.
N. jiwasanacajj jupanacar
E. Jiwasanacajj jupanacar inas jan cuchill mayeaucchifigniti.
M. nayajj jumanacar
E. Nayajj jumanacar inas jan cuchill mayeapcchYmati.
M. jupajj jumanacar
E. Jupajj jumanacar inas jan cuchill mayeancchYtamti.
M. asc lorapcchitamti
E. Jupajj jumanacar inas jan asc lurapcchYtamti.
N. nenacajj jumaracar
E. Nanacajj jumanacar inas jan asc lurapcchYmati.
M. jumanacajj nanacar
E. Jumanacajj nanacar inas jan asc lurapchitgtati.
M. jiwasajj jupar
E. Jiwasajj jupar inas jan asc lurnchifigniti.
H. take chuym alcatcelifigniti
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T
L
e T3TuV1Ttpoppe ovqvueanT deA treC seuT leAvu ppedni
IvAvu CrednC
T4TuulTtp3deDpipe peleuvanI deA uvC smuT lepeueu prepeuedni
avaeuvu Cpeovuednp
.T4TuRuppoppe oulevani deaf uec smuT audnp CCesemTr
muguppoppe peleuvani deA
T4TuBuTtiozAT4vA 48CCoeuTmHani -mine uep seuT iednr presemu
audnC ppesumTC
T3v4N4Ttl3odeATIRA TeppovuTmRInT Tase ueC seuT avovueu Cprovuemnr
avoeuvu Cpuovuemnp
.T4vmyloodeAT4vA. leCppeuTmHanT Tnbse uep seuT avoeuemnp Cpeoeuvm
aupeuemq geovueu
.T4melypodvAT4vA lepCovuTmninT Tase urP seuT avoeuemnp CCednr
TamentloodeAT4vA 4vCCovuTmilinT Tnbsv uep
°T4mezypode4euxe uLC mAntio amp op seuT avovuemnp pCudnr
avoeuemnp CpudnC
sTlemAquodelemie uvp mAntio avitio seuT avoeuemnp ppeAvn
xepeuemnp ppeAvu
sT3TuRuppodelvuie uvp mAntio allostio seuT avoeuednp CCepeuesemTr
avoeued4 CpuovuesemTp
.T4v4H3Tgoode4euie ueC mAngo walla seuT AVOEUVU preovuemni
Tlelpppodevuie Imp mAntio avolo
.TleapploodeAvilAnme mns ue C seuT aeprueu ppeovuumnr
avoeueu cCepeuemnp
.T4Tuv3ploodvAvoAnme mns uvC seuT avoeueu ppednr
avoeueu Cpednp
TlisqopAvilAnme mns ueC seuT avdriC CceAvN
-TlimpAvilAnme mns uer seuT aednC cCeAeN
T4Tue4Ttrap3ene mAntia 0)1E44 uer seuT aeAvu cCednr
avAeu CcednC
Tnuelppodelexce micrap aNe4 tzeC suuT avoeueu Cceoeuednr
aeoutleu rpovuednc
T4TuRyT4polvore mAntio alel uvr seuT iednr pfesemf
ZVI
.a
14
a
ea
a 14
N sa
14
'a
14
-14
-11
'a
- 14
14
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a
luau uoT4n4T3sqns - IIIAXXX NOSSTI
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LESSON XXXVIII
Completion Drill - Arunac phokachana
Inas nayajj jumar kollk
Inas nayajj jupar kollk
Inas nayajj jumanacar kollk
Inas nayajj jupanacar kollk
Inas jumajj
Inas jumajj
Inas jumajj
Inas jumajj
Jupajj inas
Jupajj inas
Jupajj inas
Jupajj inas
Jupajj inas
Jupajj inas
Jupajj inas
Jupajj inas
churana
may t 6 ana
nayar kollk
jupar kollk
nanacar kollk
jupanacar kollk
yanapafia
nayar yap luran -
jumar yap lurafi
jupar yap lurafi
jiwasar yap lurafi
jiwasanacar yap luran
nanacar yap luraii
jumanacar yap luran
jupanacar yap luran
ircataria
Jiwasajj inas jupar juchapat
Jiwasajj inas jupanacar juchapat
Jiwasanacajj inas jupar juchapat
Jiwasanacajj inas jupanacar juchapat
laysafia
Nanacajj inas jumar
Nanacajj inas jupar
Nanacajj inas jumanacar
Nanacajj inas jupanacar
churchima
churchY
churapj j chima
churchl
mayOchitHta
mayttchita
mayeapjjchiata
mayechYta
yanapchitani
yanapchitpa
yanapchini
yanapstani
yanapapjjstani
yanapapjjchitani
yanapapjjchitpa
yanapapjj chini.
ircatchiflani
ircatchifigniarcatal,-jjchiani
ircatapjjchiani
ircatapjjchiani
jaysapjjchYma
jaysapjjchY
jaysapjjchima
jaysapjjchi
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imp aeoeueu cpEcinc soul
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uep aydnp ppednp sEUI
tier lump ppednp seui
----- tier aeAula ppednP sEUI
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mac( ulTandmoD IIIAXXX NOSS37
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sus4stps
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eires4XeS
use isomedne CesomessmTe sett/
uee amine resoeussumTr sell/
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sue.mAntip
use isocuedne Cesdne suul
use /sometime Credne seu/
TTTia uoTmdmoD - IIIAXXX NOSSH1
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LESSON XXXVIII - Completion Drill
Jiwesanacajj inas jupanacar jan (ybkana),cuna-,laycutejj jupanacajj jach'a jach' tucur jakenacawa
Nanacajj inas jumar jan (72.1aticunalaycutejjjumajj jach'a jach' tucur jaatawa.
Jumanacajj inas jupar jan (achicafia),cunalay-cutejj jupajj jan casosir jaket7a.
Jupanacajj inas nanacar jan (achicana),cunalay-cutejj jupanacajj jan ygkasir jakenacawa.
Fayajj jumar inas (yakada), cunalaycutejj lurg-wimajj asquiwa.
Jumajj jupar inas (ygkana), cunalaycutejj lurg-wipajj asquiwa.
Jiwasajj jupanacar inas (alcatafia), cunalaycutejjjupanacan kollkepajj utjiwa.
Jiwasanacajj jupar inas (alcatafia), cunalaycute3j
jupan utapajj jach'awa.
Nanacajj jumar inas (pantigyafia),cunalaycutejjnanacajj pisi chuyma jakenacgpjjtva.
jumanacajj nayar inas (antayani),cunalaycutejjjumanacajj jach'a j ach' tucur jakenacgpjjtawa.
Jupanacajj jumanacar inas (casoria),cunalaycutefjjupanacajj jan ajjsarir jakenacawa.
Kharlirojj inas nayajj jumar kollk (c)lurana).
KhaArojj inas jumajj nayar kollk (chvrana).
Jurptirojj inas jiwasajj jupanacar usupat (kollana)
Jurptirojj inas jupajj nayar usujjat (kollaia).
Nazanjj inas jiwasanacajj jupanacar (mTaulija).
Maranjj inas nanacajj jumanacar (yanarapa) .
Kharayp'ojj inas jumanacajj nayar (arijatafia).
Kharayplojj inas jnpanacajj jumar (arilatana).
437
ybkapcchidziniti
ygkapcchYmati
achicapechitati
achicapcchitaniti
ylakchTma
ygkchYta
alcatchifigni
alcatapjjchifigni
pantjayapjjchYma
punt:;ayapjjchLtace
casopjjchMtpa
churchMma
churchitata
kollchifigni
kollchitani
yanapapjjchifigni
yanapapjjchima
arjjatapjjchitgta
arjjatapjjchMtpa
Questions and Answers - Jisct!.afianacatni iyaw safianagampi
N. Nanacajj inas jumar jakonucupchMmati?
E. nsa, jumanacajj inas nayar jakonucupealtgta.
N. Inas nayajj jan jupar ajjsarchMti?
E. Jisa, inas jumajj jupar.ajjsarchMta.
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s;:rmsuv pue.suoTasanb - IIIAXXX MOM
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LESSON XXXVIII - Dialogue
Cuuapachats uqhgmatajja?5
U: Pasir phajjsiw yungas sarta, ucat walja kokanac taypiruW mantta,
nayajj wal,ajjsargygta, ucat ma jamach'iw sustjitu, ucat p'ekejj
wal usutu.°
Thalaytamti?7
U: Jfs doctora, wal thalayitu, camgcharaquYsti?
.1:!: Ay ucawa, jan llaquisimt tata, waliquiscatawa, kollajj aca usutaquejj
utjiwa. Jichhajj jumaw amtiyeasifiamajja, aca utarnant kollayasifi
munta, jan. ucajj Chuquiaguruch saran munpmajja?8.Amparam ayasinim chhg, venat liamcedma.' CuerTon ustamti?
U: Takpach cuerpow usut tata, janiw ch'amajj ucjquituti.10 JumaquYy
kolleasitajj doctora, tuna ovej qhdrits churjjgmawa.
D: Quinina sutin koll umafiamawa, ue_hamaraquiw sapa mg ur quipat mg
inyeccion uchayasifiama, waliquiti?il
J. Kawkhas inyeccionanacajj cuesti?
D: Janiw car3quiti, ucampis jumatejj waliptafi mun.7;tajja, kollanac
alasifiamawa.
U. Waliquiw tata. Ovejajjajj pheskaquiwa, nayajj uca ovejanac aljg
kollanac alasifintaqui. JA's tata, waliquiwa. Inyeccionataquejj wal
ajjsart doctora, janit koilac umirista?14
D: Waliptafi munstajja, koll umafinmawa, ughamaraqui inyeccion uchayasifiamaw,:.,
jan ucanacampejj janiw waliptcasmati."
U: Uqhgmajj uchayasicchgjjaya, yanapt'aquitay doctcra, koli doctora.14
D, Jichhajj aca koilac umegta, arumanthiw inyeccion uchgma.15
U: Waliquiw doctora, arumanthejj suygmawa.
Jichhajj aca and botell quinin koll jaytawaygma, sapa l hora pasipan
pg kol umantgta, jan armasisa, ucatarac armasiscasrda.16
U: Janiw armaecgti, nayajj waliptaiijjay munstjja.
Dt Sarawayjjg tata, arumanthiw jutg.
U: Ay yuspagar doctora, arumenthiw suygm doctora.
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440
LESSON XXXVIII NOTES
1 chhuichhu 'malaria'
2 alyf.:.ofia 'to moan, groan'
3 usuw catutu 'the illness has seized me'ianiw hollgailiEguiti 'there's nothing frith which to cure myself'
4 Hill 'please'Wawanacajias -Leitalwa.ri wall llaquitaw 'my children and my wife are very
dejected!-sa...-sa 'both and'. The -sa...-sa may also be translated as 'and'(and as such synonymous with -mpi); -sa...-sa differs fromin emphasizing the separateness of the units being joined. Cf. the use
of -sa to denote a count noun mentioned above.Note that the passive participle llaquitaw (likeadjectives and nouns)
need not agree with its subject in number. (The plural may be formed
by either the nominal or verbal pluralizing infix: -ta + naca or-pjja + ta: e.g., jutatanacama or jutapjjatama 'your arrival'.)
5 Cunapachats ughgataija? 'Since when have you been like this?'
6 yalia kokanac taypiruw mantta 'I entered into the midst of many trees'.
taypi 'middle,centeesusufia 'to hover (of a bird)'
7 thalayafia 'to shake (out)'; thalafia 'to shake, jolt'
8 Chuquiaguruch 'or to La Paz': the interrogative suffix -cha frequentlyhas the meaning of 'or' and may be attached to all parts of speech (with
elision of the final vowel), including negative lard (without elisLon):
e.g. Yapumaji luratat ,janicha? 'Are your fields worked or not?'Cunch munta? '(Or) what do you want?' (= 'Do you want something?')Nuntat janicha? 'Do you want it or not?'
The expression 'or...or' is rendered in Aymara by repetition of -cha:
e.g. Umcha vincha muntajja? 'Do you want water or wine?'
9 aytaina 'to raise'vena (wina) 'vein'; cf. Spanish vena.
111 ch'ama 'strength'
11 quinina 'quinine'; cf. Spanish quinina.sutin koll 'the medicine's name'quipet 'in turn': from quiptafia'to (re)turn'inyeeciona (inticasiona) 'injection', cf. Spanish invecci6n.uchayafia 'to have taken': from uehafia 'to put'.
12 Inyeccionataqueij wal alisart 'I'm very scared of injections'.The use of -taqui with the verb ajisafia seems to be equivalent tothe use of the suffix -ru (the latter may be modeled on Spanish
tengo miedo a).
13 waliptafia 'to get better'. The verbal suffix may be attached tr.
nouns and adjectives to form a verb stem with the meaning 'to
e.g. llamptu 'smooth, soft, mild' / llamptuptafia 'to become sct-0
uma 'water' / umaptafia 'to become water(y)'mojjsa 'sweet, savoury' / molisapcafia 'hot bc,come r-anelt'
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LESSON XXXVIII - NOTES
14 koli 'please'
15 umt'Uta 'you will drink': .=.t'a- implies an action circumscribed in
time or space.
16 botella (nutilla) 'bottle.; cf. Spanish betella,nasipan: on verbs with the suffix -Apar:IL cf. grammar, lesson XXVI.
ucacarac armasiscasma 'take care lest you forget'.
LESSON XXXIX - Quimsa tunc llUtuncanir lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca
ala precio compra price; purchase
ala pata mercado pequefio small market
anaquipaila llevar rebafio de un to more the herd from one
lado a Qitro place to another
synokafia poner (objetos largos) to put down (large objects)
colerasifia (culirasifia) enojarse to ?get mad
(Spanish c5lera 'anger')
chicachasifia unirse to join
chulluchafia remojar to ti: et, soak
eknokafia poner (objetos flexibles) to put down (soft objects)
ichjjllsifia toner en los Brazos to cradle
(also ichufia)
jakoquipafia cambiar de lado to turn over
janiraqui tampoco ror, neither
4arifia levar to pick up
jathjafia pesar to weigh
jiwarayafia matar a muchos to kill a great deal; oneby one
junt'uchasifiaWru) calentarse to warm oneself
juri mojado wet
jurichasifia mojarse to get wet
jurparmanthi ayer por la mafiana yesterday morning
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LESSON XXXIX - Vocabulary
kora hierba
liwinucufia hacer caer(liwifia 'to fling')
maysajjata al revgs
sutiyana
tiempo (timpu)
tumpeafia
thaquichniia
tharufia
eurufia
dar nombre, bautizar
tiempo
hecharse de menos
hacer camino
aporcar
comer tostado; roar
ucatarac, ucatraqui cuidado
ufiachayafia
ufiaquipana
Wistaria
wafiachasifia
wafisufia
mostrar
mirar a ambos lados
aparecer
secarse
secar
waranucufia echar(cf. wayanucufia (ru), lesson XXXVII)
grass
to cause to fall
the other way around
to name, baptize
time
to miss
to build a road
to weed and turn over the soil
to eat toasted beans; tognaw, chew
be careful, take care
to show
to look to both sides
to appear
to dry oneself, off
to dry
to throw out
Grammar - Sumaparlafiataqui
I. Permissive mood: to express the notion 'then,
then', permissive endings are attached to the
2nd and 3rd persons, followed by the compound
person singular, dual, and plural
future
I'll ' or 'let
verb stem for the
suffix -242E; the 1st
are identical to the
1 sarffsaya sarafisa a sarapi a
a a Lrinjiks am_a
s arapj 1 amsaya
sarinif2q.part
2 saramsaya
3 sarpasaya
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LESSON XXXIX -- Grammar
Endings: (future) (=future, (=future)
(= future)
-am- -am-
-217
e.g. Nayajj sarasaya,'I'll go then; let me go then'.
Jutir maraj j naysi j uca yapu tayp thaouichasaya
'Newt year let me build a read across that field'
Aca k'afiunac payaji waranuclisava 'Let me throw out thegarbage'
Nardi aca arad aca chekar aynokasava 'Let me leave thisMow here'
II. Ucatarac 'be careful' is followed by the optative mood, which expresses
a wish. The optative is formed from the infinitive stea plus -c-,
followed, by personal endings. (Ebbing and 'Rudimentos list alternative
forms for the optative.) The optative is very similar to the potential/
conditional present which is given alongside for comparison.(positil,a)
Note the identity of the dual plural/form. Cf. also discussion of
potential/ conditional present and the optative after anchaciLI.Lt ia
lesson XXVIII.
Positive optative
1 saraquirista saracsna sarapijsna
mmtiaallisiEtg.
2 EamslEisma sarapijaquisma
3 lAan2422a saraiztiaqtzista+
pasitimmleatial/ conditional resent
1 sarirista sarsna sarapjjsna
2 sarasma ggaRiiSsma
3 sarasaa sareptiama
In the negative optative, -c- is removed from the verb and attached
either to lard.- (to form janic) or to the adverb which -introduces
the optative clause: ucatarac jan...; -ti is attached to the verb
endings.
111116111iliaMbilrairshie0011111111
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LESSON XXXIX - Grammar 444
Negative optative
1 sariristti sarsnati sarapjjsnati
sarapjjeristii
2 sarismati sarapjjasmati
3 sarimasi sarapijaspati
Etagt;ntia./corlit-tional present
1 sarquiristti sarcsnati sarapcsnati
sarapouiristti
2 sarcasmati sarapcasmati,
3 sarcaspati sarapcaspati
e.g. Ucatarac alaii jan tatiassaszati 'Be careful that there
isn't any on sale'
III. -quipan (-qui + pan) 'having ' is attached to verb sterns
to form a present active participle:
e.g. Navajj tiemp utiquipan mU rat waw ichiigsisava 'Having a
moment's time, let me cradle the child in my arms'
IV. Word derivation.
(a) Nouns and adjectives may be used as verbs through th3 addition
of the suffix -chafia (cf. also lesson XXIX):
thaqui 'road' /Iltagaila 'to build a road'
junt'u 'hot' / iuneuchafia 'to make hot, warm'
,juri 'wet' / jurichafia 'to wet'
wafia 'dry' / wafiachafia 'to dry (off)'
The reflexive infix precedes the infinitive ending:
junt'uchasifia 'to get warm'
imrichasina 'to get wet'
wafiacb.14.ifia 'to get dry'
(b) vel-al in before the infinitive ending indicates
cample0on of the action, often with the notion of disengagement
from the action:
warafia 'to throw' / waranucufia '.co throw out'
liwifia 'to fall' / liwinuevfia 'to cause to fall (and leave)'
antutafia 'to let lor.se, unfasten' / 'to let free
(aad leavc)'*
*(In verb stems with more than two syllables, the infinitive sten
vowel is elided.)
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. ralhara.I.
4'45
(c) The verbal infix -iigsi- inserted after Cie-verb St_MI E:.-
phasizes the prolangeticn cf the action:
ichufia 'to. carry in one's arms' / ichligsifia 'to cradle in
one's arms (for a while)'
(d) The verbal infix -ra- following the infinitive stem connotes
distribution of the action: 'to one by one, all over';
-ra- precedes other suffixes:
liwafia 'to die'/ jimaiia 'to kill' / liwarayefia 'to kill
one by one, all over'
miatufia 'to leave' / misturafia 'to leave one by one'
fiusafia 'to rot' / fiusarafia 'to rot throughout'
(e) The compound infix -quipa- preceding the infinitive ending
implies that the action is carried out from two sides, or in
two directions:
ufiiafia 'to look' / ufiaouipafia 'to look to both sides'
tharuia 'to weed' / tharuquipafia 'to turn over the soil'
jakofia 'to throw, hurl' / jakoouipaia 'to turn over'
The infix may also denote action through or along:
jalgia 'to run' / jalaguipafia 'to walk along, pass by'
thokoiia 'to dance' /1htsmialill 'to jump on top of somthi-ag'
avisafia 'to advise' r ayisliaLmil 'to advise from one tc the
*(In verb stems with more than two syllables, the infinitive
stem vowel is elided.)
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscufia
M. Nayajj arumenthejj yap lurasaya.
E. Nayajj arumanthejj yap lurtisaya.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj arumantheij yap lurpasaya.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj arumanthejj yap lurapjjgsaya.
M. Pablon utap ufiachayapjjgsava
E. Nanacajf arumanthejj Pablon utap ufiaehayapjjgraya.
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LESSON XXXIX - Substitution Drill 446
N. jumanacajj kharayp'ojj
E. Jumanacajj kharayp'ojj Pablon utap ufiachayapjjamsaya.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj kharayp'ojj Pablon utap ufiachayapjjpasaya.
M. ch'ufi chulluchapjjpasaya
E. Jupanacajj kharayp'ojj ch'ufi chulluchapjjpasaya.
M. jiwasajj jutir semanajj
E. Jiwasajj jutir semanajj ch'ufi chulluchafignisaya.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj jutir semanajj ch'ufi chulluchpasaya.
M. Marian wawap sutiypasaya
E. Jupajj jutir semanajj Marian wawap sutiypasaya.
M. nanacajj maranjj
E. Nanacajj maranjj Marian wawap sutiyapjjgsaya.
jiwasanajj
E. Jiwasanacajj maranjj Marian wawap sutiyapjjgsaya.
M. ninar juneuchasipjjafignisaya
E. Jiwasanacajj maranjj ninar juneuchasipjjafillnisaya.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj maranjj ninar juneuchasYsaya.
M. Naya.:j kha-'rojj wallpa-lac aljgsaya, ucatarac alajj jan utjascaspati.
E. Nayajj kha...:rojj x;ollpz,;aac aljgsaya, ucatazac ja-1 utjascaspati.
N. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj khargrojj wallpanac aljapjjamsaya, ucatarac alajj jan
utjascaspati.
N. jupanacajj jan wal aljasipcaspati
E. Jupanacajj kharilrojj wallpanac aljapjjpasaya, ucatarac jan wal
aljasipcaspati.
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Z. - SuLsc.ituzior ^l ill
M. arumanthejj yap tharupjjpasaya
E. Jupanacajj arumanthejj yap tharupjjpasaya, ucatarac jan wal
tharusipcaspati.
447
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj arumanthejj yap tharumsaya, ucatarac jan wal tharuscasma :i.
jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj arumanthejj yap tharungnisaya, ucatarac jan wal tharuscslmti.
U. uca jach'a uy liwinucufignisaya
E. Jiwasajj uca jach'a uy liwinucufignisaya, ucatarac jan wal
liwinucusasnati.
M. nanacajj kharayp'ojj
E. Nanacajj kharayWojj uca jach'a uy liwirucupjjgsaya, ucatarac jan wal
liwinucusipquiristti.
N. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj kharayp'ojj uca jach'a uy livinucupjjamsaya, ucatarac
wal liwinucusipcasmati.
M. nayajj
E, Nayajj kharayp'ojj uca jach'a uy liwinuctlsaya, ucatarac jan wal
liwinucusquiristti.
M. khcru anunac jiwaraygsaya
E. Nayajj kharayp'ojj khoru ariunac jiwaraygsaya, ucatarac jan wal
jiwareyasquiristti.
jumajj jutir domingojj
E. Jumajj jutir domingojj khoru anunac jiwarayamsaya, ucatarac jan wal
jivareyascasmati.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj jutir domingojj khoru arunec jiwarayapjjafignisaya,
ucatarac jan wel jiwarayasipcsnati.
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LESSON MIX - Substitution Drill 443
M. Aca k'afiunac nayajj waranucUsaya, ingscaractsa.
E. Aca k'afiunac nayajj waranucUsaya, inagcaractsg.
M. jupajj
E. Aca k'afiuna jupajj waranucpasaya, ingscaraquisH.
M. jumanacajj
E. Aca k'afiunac jumanacajj waranucupjjamsaya, inasipcaractasH.
M. uca juri isinac maysUjjat jakoquipapjjamsaya
E. Uca juri isinac maysajjat jakoquipapjjamsaya, ingsipcaractasa.
M. jupanacajj
E. Uca juri isinac maysajjat jupanacajj jakoquipapjjpasaya,inIsipcaraquisa.
M. nanacajj
E. Uca juri isinac nanacajj maysajjat jakoquipapjjasaya, inasipcaractsg.
M. janiraquis cuna, lurafias utjquitejja
E. Uca juri isinac nanacajj maysgjjat jakoquipapjjasaya, janiraquis
cuna lurafias utjquitejja.
M. qhaya wafia koranac pichanucupjjasaya
E. Qhaya wafia koranac pichanucupjjasaya, janiraquis cuna lurafias
utjquitejja.
M. jumajj
E. Qhaya wafia koranac jumajj pichanucumsaya, janiraquis cuna lurz.fias
utjquitejjg.
N. naya;:i
E. Qhaya nayajj pichanucUsaya, ctna luafias
utjquitejj1'1.
M. janiraquis jumajj lurafi munctatejjg
E. Qhaya wafia koranac nayajj pichanucUsaya, janiro:iuis junajj lurafi
munctatejja.
N. aca merk'e utanac liwinucUsaya
E. Aca merk'e utanac liwinucUsaya, janiraquis jumat lurafi munctatPlil!.
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LEE 3:i =IX - Substitution Drill
N. jiwasajj
E. pica merk'e utanac liwinucufigniraya, janiraquis jumajj luranmundtatejja.
N. jupajj arumanthejj cullacap lant is eajjspasaya.
E. Jupajj arumanthejj cullacap lant is eajjspasaya.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj arumanthejj cullacam lant is eajjiimsaya.
N. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj arumanthejj cullacap lant is t'ajjsipjjpasaya.
M. vaca aych lant ques alasipjjpasaya
E. Jupanacajj arumanthejj vaca aych lant ques alasipjjpasaya.
nanacajj khaarojj
Nanacajj khaarojj vaca aych lant clues alas:!pjjgoaya.
M. jumanacajj
L. Jumanacajj khaarojj vaca aych lant ques alasipjjamsaya.
M. Chuquiag saran lant suma manleanac mank'rpjjamsaya
E. Jumanacajj khaarojj Chuquiag saran lant suma mank'anac mank'apjjemsaya.
M. jiwasajj jutir domingojj
E. Jiwasajj jutir domin3ojj Chuquiag saran lant suma mank'anacmanktaaaisaya.
N. nayajj
E. Nayajj jutir douingojj Chuquiag saran lant sum. menk'anac mank'gsaya.
M. wawa sutiyah /ant nieut muasaya
E. Nayajj jutir domingojj waw sutiyan lant fiieut murUsaya.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj jutir domingojj craw sutiyaii lant nic'ut murpasaya.
M. jiwasanacajj
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450
LESSON XXXIX - Substitution Drill
E. Jiwasanacajj jutir domingojj waw sutiyan lant fiic'ut murupjjafignisaya.
M. ch'oke lant apill satapjjafianisaya
E. Jiwasanacajj jutir domingojj ch'oke lant apill satapjjaanisaya.
H. nanacajj khardyP'-gj
E. Nanacajj kharayp'ojj ch'oke lant apill satapjjasaya.
Completion DIM - Arunac phokachana
I. Insert the correct form of sarafia
e.g. Nayajj Josean utap
Jumajj Josean utap
Jupajj cullacapan yapup
Jiwasajj tatasan utap
Jiwasanacajj Marian utap
Nanacajj Chuquiag
Jumanacajj Susanan marcap
Jupanacajj Rositan estanciap
Nayajj arumanthejj tiojjarojj(ufistana) .
sarUsaya
saramsaya
sarpasaya
saraanisaya
sarapjjafianisaya
sarapjjasaya
sarapjjamsaya
sarapjjpasaya
unstUsaya
Jumajj arumanthejj tiomarojj (ufistana) ufistamsaya
Jupajj kharayp'ojj Pedroj j Marian utap(unachpvafia).ufiachaypasaya
Jiwasajj kharayp'ojj Pedrorojj Marian utap(ufiachayaria). ufiachayaanisaya
Jiwasanacajj jutir semanajj ch'ufi (chulluchafia).
Nanacajj jutir semanajj ch'ufi (chulluchafia).
Jumanacajj jurparojj waw (sutiyafia).
Jupanacajj jurpUroji waw (sutiyafia).
chulluchapjjafiani.sa-la
chulluchapjjasaya
sutiyapjjamsaya
sutiyapjjpasaya
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451
LESSON XXXIX - Completion Drill
Jutir marajj nayajj uca yapu tayp (thaquicTiafia). thaquichasaya
Jutir marajj jumajj uca yapu tayp (thaouichana). thaquichamsaya
Arumanthejj jupajj ninamp juneu um (iyatiuchasifia)junt'uchaspasaya
Arumanthejj jiwasajj ninamp junt'u um(juneuchasifia).
Kharlirojj jiwasanacajj isinac (wabachasIna).
Kharilrojj nanacajj juri isinac (lailachasina).
Maranjj iumanacajj kamirinucamp (chiatachasix).
Maranjj jupanacajj kamirinacamp (chiclachaa:iiia).
II. Insert the proper permissive and optative
e.g. Nayajj chawll (11,1Laya), ucatarac alajj
Jumaj j chawll (aliafia), ucatarac alajj jan(utiana) .
Jupajj marc (sarafic), ucatarac umamp(ipsichasifia).
Jiwasajj marc (sarefia), ucatarac Mariajj(wawachasifia).
Jiwasanacajj waw (sutiyafia), ucatarac Susanajj(colerasifia).
Vanacajj waw (sutiyaaa),ucatarac sutejj jan(waliscafia).
Jumanacajj waw (iarifia), ucatarac ('AchAra).
Jupanacajj pankar (ayrufia), ucatarac (wafisuila).
junt'uchasianisaya
wafiachasirijaani.saya
wanachasipjjHsaya
chicachasipjjam3ayA
chicachasipjjpasaya
forms:
jan (utiascaspati).
aljamsayautj ascaspati
sarpasayajurichasisrasra
saranHnisayawawachasiscaspa
sutiyapjjafignisa7acoleraaisaaspa
sutiyapjjasayawalYscaspati
jaripjjamsayajachascaspa
ayrupjjpasayawafisuscaspa
III. e.g. Aca k'afiunac nayajj (waranucgsy2), inascaracta.
Aca klanunac jumajj (waranucufia), inHsca%.actasg.
Uca merk'e isinac jiwasajj (ch'ucuila), inHscar-
actana.
Uca merk'e isinac jupajj (ch'ucufia), indscara-
quisH.
Qhuri ch'oke yap jiwasanacajj (tharuna),korajj waliraquisa.
Qhuri ch'oke yap nanacajj (tharufia), koaajjwaliraquisH.
waranucumsaya
ch'ucuanisaya
ch'ucpasaya
tharupjjaanisaya
tharupjjHsaya
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LESSON MIX - Questions and Answers
E. JMsa, nayajj arumanthejj jilejj-lant sarHsaya.
M. Jupajj horas purquipan mank'aniti?
E. JYsa, jupajj horas purquipan mank'pasaya.
M. Tata Marcos, jumajj Chuquiag maestro thaker sarasmati?
E. Sarasaya.
N. Tata Lucas, jumajj qhaya mank'anac mank'antasmati9
E. Jan qhitis mank'afi muncch, ucqhajj mank'asaya.
M. Tata Juan, warmimajj walja mank' fiestatac phayaspati?
E. Cunrac luranejja, phaypasaya.
M. Jumanacajj arumanthejj Rositan wawapar sutiyapjjasmati?
E. CamachapjjaraquUjja, sutiyapjjHsaya.
M. Tata Marcos, uca arad uca chekar aynokasmati?
E. AynokHsaya, jathiraquisH.
M. Jiwasanacajj uca jach'a uyunac yapuchanatac liwinucupjsnati?
E. Liwinucupjjaanisaya, janiraquis cuns lurctantejja.
M. Tata, jiwasajj marc sarsnacha9
E. SaranHuisaya, ucatarac mamam Mariajj wawachasiscaspa.
M. Varna, jumajj uca isinac aca mesa patar eknokasmacha?
E. EknokHsaya, waljaraquisH.
M. Tata Juan, tiemp utjquipan jumajj wawanac ufijasmacha?
E. Uf-jasaya, ucatarac jachasipcaspa.
N. Jlimanr22jj lharaypicjj choke lant apill satapjjas-ati?
E. SatapjjUsaya, ucatarac jan walYscaspati.
M. Nanacajj Pedron usuaquipan ucqhajj mank' wajjt'apjjeristti?
E. Wajjeapjjamsaya, vr:atarac jiwascaspa.
Dialo3ue Cvento
454
The following Aymara folktale "The Duck and the Fox" was recorded by
Vincr;_lte Quispe.
WALLATA/T TIUDIAMPI1
MU cutejj wallatamp tiwulampiw jiquisipjjUn, siwa. Wallatajj wija
suma paru2wawanacanin, siwa. Tiwulasti wawanazaniraquin, siwa.
3Ucampis tiwulan wawanacapajj janiw sumanacHpant, siwa.
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LESSON XXXIX - Dialogue
Tiwulajj, wallatan suma paru wawanacap unjasajj, wallatarojj shawl:
--Mama wallata, cunatarac wawanacamast suma naruquYpjjesti? --sass. Ucat
wallatajj tiwulai pisi chuymftap uhjasinjja, anwa.4--Ay mamdtiwnla,
janit juoajj yatctajja? Yatira, nayajj. urojj nin japuchta.5 Uca nina
jr-Turuw wawanacajj allintta, ucatsti sapa "khonct" ucqhaw nayajj --Mh
kellka --sas muytta.6
Uqhamcamac tunc "khonctadcam" muytta. Ucatsti
mayat mayat nina japut wayurta, vawanacajjasti ucdrut ucsaruw suma
narunacHjjapjje --sasina.7
Tiwulajj uca arunac ist'asajj wal muspharka.8
Jupajj wasitat
wallatarojj jisceascaquiwa: --rama wallata, chekapunit ucajjal --sasa,9
Mama wallatasti tiwularojj anwa: --Mama tiwula, jan pachasimti,
cunjgattejj nayajj lurct ugham lurascaquim, wawanw::amasti sum paruqu'lp-
jjaraquiniwa --sasa.10
Tiwulajj wall lup'isisaw utapar sarjfan, sfaaa.11
Utar purisinsti
nin japuchcatHn, siwa. Ucatsti wawanacaparojj uca nina japursai
wararquirpach allintHn, siwa.12 Takpachanir allintjjasiasti, tiwulajj Ica
japu jac'an suyascHna, "khonctir" ist'anataqui, ucatsti wallatan arsuta-
parjam lurafiataquiracui."
Acatjamatac mayajj "khoncan", siwa.lt Tiwulasti uc ist'asajj "ma
kellka" --sasaw muytHn, siwa.
Tunc "khonctjjepansti", mama tiuuiajj wawanacap nina japut c'uchigu:_w
apsufi kalltHna,15
--Jichhajj wawanacajjajj suma paruquYpjjpachawa
--sasina. Ucampis janiw uqhHmacanti wawanacanajj ninamp k' alga naghan-
taapjjanwa.16
Mama tiwulajj uc ufijasajj wal wararYna, wall colerataraquiw mama
wallatan utapar jalara.17
Mara uallatasti janiw utapancjjanti. Jupajj
kotaruw jaltjjana.18
Tiwulasti uc yatisinjja, kota uncatataw warart'asis jaThn, siwa.
Jupajj waliataruw catj an mundna.19
Kotalacar purisinsti, tiwulajj walatarojj kota pampan zuyuaquir
migu, siwa.20 Ucat tiwulajj wall jacblat arnakagn, siwa:21 - -Mama
*
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456
LESSON XXXIX - Dialogue
wallata, may parleafiki --sasa. Mama wallatasti janiw tiwularojj !seal
muncHnti, cunalaycutejj jupajj yatinwa tiwulan wawanacapar jiwarayat epa.
Tiwulajj juc'amp colerasMna, ucat amuyupanjj s1nwa: --Aca kot
umcHwiw wafit'aya, ucat wallatarojj catjH, jisc'a jisc'a pelanokH --sasira.
wall coleratv:Y um lakhon kallana.23
Umasti janiw want'
puracapaquiw phallirjamHjjHna.24
Tiwulajj janiw sartlr-
Tiwulasti
anti, tiwulan
jamtcjjanti, ucat jupajj utap uficatataw warart'asis jutjjan, siwa:
--Sicuyaw junt'itan, ch'aphiw junt'itan --sasa.25
Niya utap jac'an mayac sicuyajj tiwulan puracap juneHna.26
Tiwulan puracapasti phalljjHnwa.
Uca pisi chuyma pobre tiwulajj wawanacap jiwurayasinjja, jupajj
jiwjjaraquinwa. Pisi chuymHfiajj janis walYquetejjH:27
NOTES
1 wallata 'du I, '
2 karti col,)red'
3 sumantsk125 'weren't pretty' (imperfect tense).
4 un'asinj.,-12, 'seeing': the participial infix -sina -
which of the main verb; the subject
ia s=eems to mean 'now, already
5 japanci. 'to burn (r-,;bble, red-hot coals) in the
lying noun is jlanl 'red-hot coal, burnt ash'.
6 allf-::-.afia 'to bury'
- 14. ,Emr:1 :urn ct../er'
Inn
indicates an action
of 'isth verbs is -he
.; cf. below, #25.
fields'. The under-
"Ittt" ylloci.on'
kellwl
7 mayat ne-rt 'ow! by one'
yayu'r.iia '.co take out one by one.' On Grarri,r notes abo...-%
ucUru
8 iseafia 'to hear'
muspharana 'to marvel'
LMoo isOmism.1.11.1=116.M.I.m....1=w*
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a
457
LESSON XXXIX - Dialogue - Notes
9. chekapunit 'is it really true?'
10 2achasina 'to doubt, be of two opinions' (The root is pi 'two')
11 lup'ina 'to think, reflect'
12 wararina 'to shout, cry'; vararquirpach 'who were crying'
13 arsutaparjam 'according to her words (of the duck)'
arsune 'to speak' -riama 'according' may also occur in the form
-jama, (without -ru-) in which case the preceding vowel is elided:
arsutaoj ama.
14 acat'amata 'all of a sudden'
apsufia 'to raise, to take out'. The verbal .infix -su -, heforo the i n-
finitiv ending,indicates the action takes place '.,pwards, outwards':
e.g. ialaiLa 'to run'helsufia 'to run up; to set (of the sun)'
anafia 'to carry, take way'/ansuna 'to take mat'
16 k'ala 'completely'
naohana 'to scald, burn, be consumed by fire.'
17 wararifia 'to cry, shout, bawl'
'to run'
18 kota lake'
19 catjana 'to catch'
20 kotalaca 'lakeshore'
tuvuha 'to swim, float (in air or water)'
21 arnakafia 'to shout; insult'
22 umcilwiu passive participle of umefia 'to drink'
want'ana 'to dry up (something)'
pelanokafia 'to pluck' (cf. Spanish pelar).
23 lakhofia 'to lick'
24 tzEica. 'stomach'
phallana 'to explode'
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458
LESSON XXXIX - Dialogue - Notes
25 sartir imperfect tense 'could not get up'; -iama- with
elision of the preceding vowel with verb stems indicates 'opportunity,
ability.' The infix -.ilia, following the negative -c-, has the
meaning of 'now, already,' implying that the action is about to be
performed.
sicuya 'straw'
iunt'afia 'to puncture'
ch'ap hi 'thorn'
26 mayaqui 'all of a sudden'
27 'It's not good to be stupid in this world.'
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LESSON XL - Pusi tunavir lecc:4.onc:
Vocabulary - Arunaca
anchati
armeasifia
chiji
inamaya
ian walt'ana
juyphifia
kenaya
kheparafia
liamayuna
2asafia
nisi chuymafia
3aparu
thayafia
waleafia
mucho, demasiado; Mas Bien
olvidarse
desgracia
en vano
extraflar
estar fro
nube
quedar
cosechar (papas, ocas);escarbar con instrumento
p.isar
estar tonto
cada dia
estar frio
acoatumbrarse
439
rather
to forget
misfortune
in vain
to miss
to be cold
cloud
to remain stay
to reap (potatoes,oca): scrape wichan instrument
to erdure
to be stupid
each day, daily
to be cold
to become acoustomto
Grammar - Suma parlariatagsi
I. Optative: these forms are discussed and presented in grammar,
lesson XXXIX. Cf. also discussion in lesson NXVIII.
Positive optative:
e.g. Khararojj mzjimarc saraouirista 'I hope t.o go to town tomorrow'
Jichharojinayaii isinac tltisisEixista 'I hope to wash
clothes tomorm77
Jutir maradiEgysjj ut alasisluirista 'Next year I hope to(be able) to buy a house'
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LESSON XL - Grammar- 460
Negative optative': the -c- infix of the positive optative is attachedto Tani- ,in negatime.senterices:
e.g. Arumanthe_ja nayaii 'lame llaquisiristti Would that I
not be sad tomorrow'
KharUrojj jam:it jasis chawll caturistti 'I hope not to go
fishing tomorrow'
Arumanthej luraquirista, ianic jalloii purispati
'I hope to work the field tomorrow; I hope it doesn't rain'
Maranji ut utachaquirista. anchati tata4iaii munanelia 'This
year I hope to build a house, if my father wants to'
(N.B. anchaquiti+ optative; itnchati + future)
When the interrogative suffix -ti is added in positive questions,
the final vowel of the 1st person singular and plural ending is
elided:
e.g. Saraquiristti? 'do I hope to go?'
In negative questions, -ti is attached to jani- and the verb ending
remains intact.
e.g. ianit saraquirista? 'don't I hope to go?'
II. -cha: interrogative suffix which introduces the notion of doubt; it
may be translated as 'or' in some contexts. Cf. notes for the Dialogue,
Lesson XXXVIII.
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscufia
M. KharUrojj nayajj ut utachaquirista.
E. KharUrojj nayajj ut utachaquirista.
N. jumajj
E. KharUrojj jumajj ut utachaquisma.
nanacajj
E. KharUrojj nanacajj ut utachapjjaquirista.
M. vac aljapjjaquirista
E. KharUrojj nanacajj vac aljapjjaquirista.
maranjj jupajj
E. Maranjj jupajj vac aljaquispa.
M. jiwasanacajj
w.
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TETaa uoTzn3T3sqns - IX MOSSTI
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LESSON XL - Completion Drill
Jutir marajj juManacajj ut
Jutir marajj jupanacajj ut
Arumanthejj. .
Arumanthejj
Arumanthejj
Arumanthejj
Arumanthejj
Arumanthejj
Arumanthejj
Arumanthejj
ilaauirdia
nayajj janic
jumajj janic. we/~4M.
jupajj janic
jiwasajj janic
jiwasanacajj.janic,.
nanacajj jaaic
jumanacajj janic
jupanaaajj janic
catuni
Khaarojj nayajj janic chawll
KharUrojj jupajj janic chawll
KharUrojj jupajj janic chawll
KharUrojj jiwasajj janic chawll
KharUrojj jiwasanacajj janic chawll
KharUrojj naLacajj janic chawll A
Alow
KharUrojj jupanacajj janic chawll
KharUrojj jupanacajj janic chawll 11
Naranjj nayajj janic (jachang).
Maranjj jumajj janic (j achafia).
Maranjj jupajj jaaic inamay Ch'ok (17.apuc;.aiia).
Maranjj jiwasajj janic inamay ch'ok (TaDuctinna).
Jutir semanajj jiwasanacajj janic inamay marr(saraiia) .
Jutir semanajj nanacaj j janic inamay mate(saratia).
Jutir phajjscjj jupanacajj janic inamay kawr(awatifia).
Jutir phajjsejj jupanacajj janic inamay kawr(awatina).
455
alasipjjaquiscia
alasipjjaquispa
llaquisiristti
llaquisispati
ilaquissnati
llaquisipjjsnati
llaquisipj jasmati
Ilaquisipjjaspaa
caturistti
catusma-ci
catuspati
catccaati.
catupjjsnati
catupjjeristti
catupjjesmati
catupjjaspati
jachiristti
jachasmati
yapuchaspati
yapuchsnati
sara?jjsnati
sarapjjeristti
awatipjjasmati
awatipjjaspati
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LESSON XL - Completion Drill
KharUrojj marc (sarana), janic jiar jakenacajj(colerasina) .
KharUrojj ch'ok (11amayinia), janic thayajj(tha7Mila).
Maranjj aymar (22Lthana), janic pisi (4111LELE).
Maranj j Boliviar (sarafia), janic (kheparana).
Maranjj nriqucn marcap (saraHa), janic(jayrasina).
467
sarcpjjaquisracolerasipjjaspoti
31amayupjjaquispathayUspati
yatekapjjaquiriEtachuymMpjjeristti
sarapjjaquismaEhe7arapjjasme-i
sarapjjaquispajayrasipjjaspati
Questions and Answers - Jisceafianacrmni ivarl sananacamoi
KharUrojj nayajj marc saraquiristti?
E. Xisa, kharUrojj jumajj marc saraouisma
N. JichArojj nayajj isinac t'ajjsiquiristtii
E. nsa, jichhUrojj jumajj is t'ajjsiquisra.
M. Jutir marajj nayajj ut alasiquiristti?
E. JYsa, jumajj jutir marajj ut alasiquisma.
Arumanthejj nayajj llaquiciristti?
E. Janiwa, arumanthejj jumajj jardc llaquisismati.
M. Arumanthejj nanacaj j liaquisipjjeristti?
E. Janiwa, jumanacajj arumanthejj janic Ilaquisipjjasnati.
M. KharUrojj nayajj jnit caturistal
E. J5'sa, kharUrojj jumajj janic chawll catusmati.
Maranjj nayajj jachiristti'
E. Janiwa, maranjj jumajj janic jacEasrati.
M. Arumanthejj nayajj yap luraquiristti?
E. Ji'sa, arumanthejj jumajj yap luravisma, janic jail purispati.Maranjj nayajj ut utachasiquiristti
E. Jisa, maranjj ut utachasiquisma, anchati tatamaij munani.
KharUrojj jall purisp ucqhajj jumajj yap lurasmati?
E. Janic purispati, yap luraquirista.
N. JichhUrojj nayajj isinac t'ajjsielstti?
Lb_
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468
LESSON XL - Questions and Answers
E. Ucapi, t'ajjsiquisma.
N. Jumamp nayampejj jutir marajj utanac alasnati?
E. Alasicsna, kollkejj utjaquispa.
M. Tata Andresan mamapajj masUrojj jiwicha?
E. asa, jupajj janic llaquisispati.
M. KharUrojj jiwasanacajj kotan chawll catupjjsnacha?
E. UcaAjanic thayaj j thayaspati.
M. Tata, arumanthejj nanacajj qhaya alay khath sarapjjeristcha?
E. nsa, sarapjjasmawa, janic usuntapjjasmati.
E4 Jumanacajj jutir semanajj qhuchinac inamay qharipjjasmati?
E. UcapY, janic inamay qharipjjerYstti.
N. Mama, phuchamajj cervez umaspache
E. Janie umaspati.
M. llama Teresa, nayajj qhaya liq'i vacanac alicha9
E. Alaquisma, janic carUspati.
M. Tata Mateo, jupanacajj qhuri kalanac utachnnatec apanipjjw;:paci-L-.?
E. Apanipjjaquispa, janic jayrasipjjaspati.
N. Mama Cristina, arumanthejj jumanacajj apill cayachapjjatacheE. nsa, cayachapjjgquirista.
Mamay, nayajj arumanthejj ch'ok ch'ufiuchgcha?
E. JMsa, ch'ufiuchaquisma, janic jallojj purispati.
Dialogue - Cuento
THOKOR TAWAKONACAMP I JAN UP T' WAYNANACAMPI
Nayra pachanacanjja tawakonacamp waynanacavpejj arumaw kollu patar1
thokor sarapjjerina. Jupanacajj suma mank'anac apasipjjerina, ulhamar-
aqui a3,7ohola, coca apasipjjerina.
Waynanacamp tawakonacampejj sapa mayniw purapat uneasipjjana,9
takpacU:niw mank'asipjjerYna, coc acullipjjegno, thokopjjaraquirine.
arumasti acatjamatac pani jan ufiteat wcynoracajj kollu pater
saraphSna, ucanacasti tawakonacampiw thokopigna. Uca arumajj jarliw
qhitis uca pani waynanacarojj &lean' puedipeInti, cunalayeutejj jen
uneanjamapanti.
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463
Lesson .11, - Dialogue
Uca pani jan ufit'at waynanacajj suna isinacanYpjjgnwa, wari
chainni, wari ponchoni, suma sombreronacani.3
Mg waynajj uca pani writ' at waynaracarojj Mank'asipjjafign
tatanaca sasaw sIna. Ucampis uca pani jan ufit'at waynanacajj
janiw munapcHnti. Cunapachatejj tawakonacajj thdkopcgn ucqhaqui.7
jupanacajj thokor taypir mantasin thokopjjgna. Tawakonacasti jaw:-
raquiw ufit'afi puedipcgnti Qnitinacaraqapach acanacasti? --saca;
jupanacajj lup'isipjjtina.4
Uca jan unit' at waynanacajj n semanaw jayp'unacajj sarapjjgna.'
Tawakonacasti ufit'afipin munapjjgna uca jan ufit'at waynanacaru.
Maurojj estancian takpach waynanacamp tawakonacampiw tanta-
chasipjjgna, ucansti takeniw amtapjjgna uca pani jaa uat'at wayna-
nacar catuntafiataqui.6Uca arumajj wall amuyasisaw tawakonacamp
waynanacampajj kollur sarapjjgna.7
Qhitinacatejj jan sa-..au ja-zYcvs
uca waynanacamp tawakonacampejj sarapjjaraquYnwa, cunalaycute.j
jupanacajj ufit'an nunapjjaragana uca pani jaa afit'at waynnnacaru,
Niy arumthapjjepansti, uca
waynanacampir tawakonacampirojj
pani jan ufit'at waynanacajj joy2.:aa3
uhch'uquipjjana. Cunapac-aatejj
thokofi kalltapjjgn ucqhaw jupanacajj sarapjjgna tawakonacanp
thokohataqui.
Tawakonacajj uca pani jan ufit'at waynanacarojj wal thokoyapjj
na, janiw cuns
thokosipcgna.9
jisqhifi munapcHnti, amuquiu tawakonacajj jupanacaba
Laynanacajj janiraaciu uca pani jan ufit'at wayna-
nacarojj cuns parljjayapcgnti. Uca arumajj janiiw mank'ajj utjognti,
j aniraquiw samareapcaracuinsa, cunalaycutejj tawakonacajj janiw10
uca pani jan uneat waynanacarojj.antutafi munapcqnti.
Niy khanjtanjjepansti, uca pani jan uneat waynanacajj wal
achicasipjjgn tawakonacarojja Antutita cullaquitas antutita
cullaquita sasa.11
Tawakonacasti janiw antutafi munapanti, jupanacajj wal catuntap-
jjgna. Uca pani San uheat waynanacasti niy khangjjepanjja wal
wararipjjgna: Antutitay cullaquita, pacha khar khar khar.
Antutitay cullaquita, naka khar khar khar, sasina.12
.
Sinti urE3jjepan3ti uca pani 5a ukit'ar waynanacajj tiwularuquiw
tucupjAna.13 Uca jaa ufit'at pani waynanacajj jaker tucusaw tawako-
nac taypirojj thokor 5utirMtayna, Waynanacasti uc ufijasajj tiwularojj
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470
LESSON XL - Dialogue
catuficamaw arctapjjana, catjasinsti putup k'al allinokapjjana, tiwulana-
carusti jiwayapjjaraquYnwa.14
Uqham tiwulanacajj aynacheapjjana, sint inempseiripjjatap laycu.13
NOTES
1 navra 'early'
pacha 'time'
aruma 'might'
sarapiterias (imperfect) 'they used to go' (sarafia + -iri)
2 purapa 'both'
acullifia 'to chew oca'
3 isinacanYpjjanwa 'they had clothes'
wari 'vicuna'
chala 'scarf'
4 lup'ifia 'to think, meditate'
5 ma semanaw jayp'unacajj 'in the afternoons for a week'
6 awtafia 'to agree'
catuntafia 'to capture': cf. catufia 'to seize, catch'
7 amuvasifia 'to think, reflect'
8 arumthapijepansti 'when it was already dark:'
jamatas 'from afar'
9 amuqui 'quiet'
10 antutafia 'to abandon, free'
11 khanjta 'dawn': khana 'light'
12 pacha..., naka denote exclamations
13 sinti 'much'
sinti urlijjepansti 'when it was already verybr ;ht daylight'.
tucufia (ru) ' to become'
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471
LESSON XL - Dialogue - Notes
14 arctafia 'to follow, chase'
putu 'cave'
k'ala 'completely, all'
allinokafia 'to destroy'
15 masttlaTia 'to jail' (from avnacha 'below; south')
sintinansu 'for doing many vain things (i.e., .1"o
doing what they ought not to have been doing).'.
1.aysu 'for'
AYMARA FOLX SONCS
The following songs were dictated by Mrs. NellyJde Vega.English and Spanish translations are appended.
Asnitujiaoui utlitaspe
Asnitujjaqu5_ utjitaspa, viditakhartirpachaw sarjjeristapolleritajjata caronani, vidita (bis)waq'itajjata sinchitan.
Qhitisa saquitasapana, viditajan uca ingratur munamtiuca ingratusti senorita, vidita (his)mal pogo churasiriwa.
Si yo tuviera un burrito
Si yo tuviera un burrito, viditamafiana mismo me irlacon montura de mi ?ollerita, viditay con cincha de mi fajita.
Alguien que me hubiera dicho, viditano lo quieras a ese ingratoese ingrato, senorita, viditamal pa go el sabe dar.
If I Had a Little Burro
If I had a little burro,Tcmorrot' I would leaveWith the saddle of tity skirt
And with the cinch of my belt.
Somebody :les said to me,Don't love that ungrateful,That ungrateful boy, senorita:,Because he, doesn't know how
to make you happy.
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AYMARA FOLK SONGS
Casarjetta casarjjetasullca phuchamampiuywascawa, uywascawa (bis)ch'oke khatitampi.
Sarjjafiani, sarjjaiiHni
suma torcasitasarjjafiUni, sarjjaiiHni
Chuquiagu marcaru.
Hazme casar
Hazme casar, hazme casarcon to hija menor,la voy a estar criandola voy a es.:ar criandocon papa cocida.
Nos iremos, nos iremosbuena palomitanos iremos, nos iremosa la ciudad de La Paz.
Ninito muerto
Jiwata wawita
(bis)
Marry Me
472
Marry me, marry me,To your younger daughter.I am going to nourish her,I am going to nourish herOn the staff of life.
We will go,Good littleWe will go,To the city
Acansa qhurinsa amtaquiwayurunsa, arumansa eljaquiwaymunata wawita tucusitaworak mankharu allintataw.
Wasara pampana iquintataw (bis)jaya marcana imantatawmunata wawita tucusitaworak mankharu allintataw.
Aqui y alli lo recordargen el dia y en la noche lo vergel nifio querido estg acabadodentro del suelo enterrado estg.
En un campo desierto estg durmiendoen un pueblo lejano estg guardadoel nil% querido estg acabadodentro del suelo estg enterrado.
we will godove,we will goof La Pai.
Little Dead Boy
Here and there will I rememberhim,
I see him during the day andduring the night.
The dear little boy is dead,He is buried in the,ground.
He is sleei-ing in a desertedfield,
He is concealed in a far ton,The dear little boy is dead,He is buried in the ground.
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47?
ankPLEMENT
Pedramp sarapifs_
1::-dromp Joseampejj Estados UnidoE marcanquir waynanacawa.Jupanacajj sinti waynacgpjjewa. Pedromp Joseampejj r'arc
saaapjjc. Uca marcajj Bolivia patawa. Pedrompir Joseampirojj mankiatautjapjje, ucat jupanacajj ma utar sarapjje. Uca utajj tata Andresanu*aapawa. Tata Andresan utapajj jisc'a jichhu utaquiaaa Pedromp Joseampejjtata Andresarojj sapjjewa:----. Tata, cawqhans tiendajj utji? Nanacajj t' ant' munapjjta, cunalaycutejj
nanacarojj mankiat autjapjjetu sasiaa.
Tata Andresajj siwa: .Ay tata, tiendajj jariw acp jiscia marcanjj utjqui::1,almalaycutejj jiscia marcaquiwa, jakenacajj janiw waljHquiti. Pedromp
Joseampejj llaquisipjjewa.Texa Andresajj Pedrompir. Joseampirojj plank' ahurafi puni. Ucampis jupanmank'apajj janiw utjquiti. Tata Andresajj esposapan cullacapan utapeant'amp lechemp aliriw sari. Tata Andresajj uca eaatiamp lechempPe6rompir Joseampirojj churl.Paaromp Joseampejj cusisitaw mank'apjje, cunalaycutejj jupanacarojjmankiat autjapjje.Juseajj tata Andresarojj siwa: --- Tata, umat pharjiau sasa. TataAny tasan umajj janiw utjquiti, ucat jupajj cullacapan utap wasitat sari.Tata Andresan cullacapajj ma jach'a botellaruw am chur-21. Tata Andresajj
um Josearojj churaraqui. .Pedromp Joseampejj walpin tata.Andresarojj
T...apagarapjje: Yuspagar tata, yuspagar tata sasa.
Jichhajj janiw jupanacarojj mankiat autjquiti, cunalayeutejj tiant'emplechemp mankiapjjeUcjjarojj, Pedromp Joseampejj is tiajjsiriw jawir saran munapjje, cunalaycutej:jupanacan isinacapajj leanuwa. Pedromp Joseampejj jawir sarapjje.J7..anacajj jawir qhurcatan ma liq'i vac ufijapjje. Tic:a jach'a
vacajj tata Marcosan vacapawa. Pedromp Joseampejj uca amc alan munapjja,
eunalaycutajj aych mankian munapjje.Tata Farcosajj janiw vacapjj Pedrompir ioseampirojj aljafi munquiti,
cunalaycutejj uca vacajj suma liqii vacawa.Ucjjalojj, Fedromp Joseampejj tata Alfredon utapar sarapjje.
Jtyanacajj wall karitapjjewa, cunalaycutejj jupanacajj liq'i waynanacapjjewa.
Pedrojj tata Alfredorojj siwa: --- Tata, anumarac achjitaspa sasa.
Tata Alfredojj siwa: Jutascac!uim, tata, anojjajj janiw achjasiriquiti.
Tata Alfredojj and sum silla Pedrompir Joseampirojj maytiii Jupanacajj
uca sillaruw kontiasipjje. Tata Alfredojj jupanacarojj situ :. --- Tatanaca,
cawqhats purinipjjta? sasina.
Psdrojj siwa: Nanacajj Estades Unides matc marcat purinipjjta sasa.
Juseajj siwa: --- Tata, janiraw aymar sum paricti, wasitat sum chhU sasa;
Tata Alfredojj wasitat jupanacarojj jisctii: Cunanacas juman marcaman
utji? sasa.
Pedrojj siwa: Ah, tata, tata, marcajjanjj jachia utanaca'i utji, machak
isinaca' utji, machak autonacaw utji, jach'a maacanacau utji, walja jakenacaw
utjaraqui.Pedromp Joseampejj seal cusisipjje, cunalaycutejj jupanacajj tata Andresampi
tata Yarcosampi, tata Alfredompejj aymarat parlapjje.
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SUPPL EMENT
Pedromp Joseampejj utaparuw sarjjapjje. Jupanacajj wali kftritglijjewa,
cunalaycutejj jupanacarojj iquiw puripjje. Jichhajj jupx:acajj uali
cusisitaw utapan icjjapjje.
b. 74
II. Mama Franciscan chachapajj usut,wa
Francisca: Dios asqui ur churgtam, mama, anumarac achjitaspa?
Hazel: Jutascaquim mama, anojjajj janiw.utiquiti.
F: Mama, visitiriw jutsma. Nayajj sinti llaquitgtwa.
H: Cunat, mama?F: Ay mama, esposojjaw wart usuta. Jupajj janiw wank' munquiti. Juparojj
p'ekew usu, janiraquiw sartafi puedquiti.
H: Ay mama, ucajj llaquisifiawa. Cunanacampis kollapjjtajja?
F: Mama, nayajj pobrgtwa, janiw kollkejj utjquituti. Tiojjajj Chuquiagitr
apam situwa. Camgchas, mama?
H: Jan llaquisimt mama. Esposcmajj waliquiscaniwa. Mg enfermeraw Cuerpo de
Paz satan utji. Uca enfermerajj Mary Harrington satawa. Jupajj suma
jakewa. Juparaquiw esposomarojj kollani.
F: Waliquiw mama. Cawqhas uca enfermeran utapajja9 Mama, nayajj ajjsartwa.
Jupajj aymar parlaft yatiti?
H: Jan ajjsaramt mama, jupajj aymar parliwa. Nayaw jupampejj pariL
F: Ay koli mama, yanapeitay mama. Wawanacajjajj sinti llaquitgpjjaraquiwq,
janiw mank'an munapcaraquiti.H: Jin sarafign mama. Enfermerajj utapancasquiwa. Chachamajj utamanLasquit:
F: Ji's mama, esposojjajj utajjancasquiwa. Masgrojj jupajj janiw
inas jichhgrojj manlechini.
H: Cunanacs manlean muni?
F: Janiw cuns munquiti. Jupajj suma t'ant'anacac muni.
H: Ay mama, usutarojj sum ufijafiamawa, jan .:sum ufijgtajja, wawanacamaruw
usojj maqhatani.
F: Cunjgms unjajj mama?
H: Isinacap t'ajjsita, iquifianacap t'ajjsirapita, mank'asifi platonacap
wallaket umampiw jarita, umanapataquejj um waiiakeyarapita. Enfermerap
juc'amp yaticgatp mama.
F: Ay mama, nayajj janiw yatcti, janiraquiw nayajj escuelar sariricti,
janiw leen yatcti, ni kellkafis yatcaractti.
H: Mama, jan llaquisimti, jumajj yatekgtawa lee la, kellkafia. Sapa jayp7uw ici7c
Fernandojj leen kellkafi yatichasqui. Jumajj jan ajjsaras saram escuelar
mama, yatekgtawa.F: Waliquiw mama, nayajj escuelarojj saran muntwa, ucampis esposojjaw usut
H: Jan llaquisimt mama, esposomajj waliptjjaniwa.
(Hazelamp Franciscampejj enfermeran utaparuw puripjje)
H: Mama Mary, visitiriw jutapjjta. Aca maman sutIpajj Franciscawa.
Esposopaw usuta.
Mary: Mantasinipcaquim, aca chekar kont'asipjjam.
F: Buenos dias mama.
M: Buenos dias mama, camisac mama?
F: Walic mama, ay mama, esposojjaw usuta. Yanapt'itay mama, kollearapiti...
Cuna usutasa?
F: Mama, p'ekew usut siwa. Janiw sartan puedcquiti, wall calenturr...
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SUPPLEMENT475
M: Kawkha urus niy usutajja?F: Niy pg semanaw usut mama.M: Ah, jan llaquisimt mama, esposomajj waliqugjjaniwa. Jin sarafigni,
nayaw kollg.F: Waliquiw mama.H: Mama Mary, jichhpachat sarafigni?M: Jisa, jichlIpachawa.H: Uqhamajj sarangni.
(Quimsanejj usutan utap sarapjje)F: Mantascaquifign mama, anojjajj jani' utjquiti.
H: Walic mama, wawanacamajj utancaocuiti?F: Janiw mama, jupanacajj kolluruw ovej.awatir sarapjje.
MI: /lama, cawquir utanquis esposomajja?
F: Esposojjajj cocinanauiwa.M: Waliqui, uqhamajj mantafilni.
(Hazelamp Mariampejj aruntasipjjewa)M: Tata, ustamti?Tomas: Jis mama, usutuwa.M: Cunas ustarn, tata?
T: Mama, aca p'ekejjaw usutu, janiw iquifi puedcti, sint usut mama,
kolleasitay mama.14: Tata, jan llaquisimt tata, nayajj kohl jumataquejj apanta.
T: Waliquiw mama, kolleasitay mama.M: Tata, aca koll umeam.T: Ay mama, yuspagar mama, yuspagar mama.
M: Janiw cunats tata,jichhajj waliqugjjataw tata.
T: Cunanacs jichhajj manieg mama'M: Mankvasim ch'oke, aycha, eawna, pokota, naranja, duraznp, lechuga,
zanahoria yakha ch'ojjfianacampi.
T: Waliquiw mama.H: Tata, aca mamajj enfermerawa. Jupajj take Usutanacaruw aca estancianjj
kollasqui.
T: Ucajj wall sumaw mama. Nayajj jichhajj cusistua.H: Tata, jan llaquisimti, waliqugjjatawa. Jutir lunesaw wasitat jutapjja.
T: Waliquiw mama.F: Ay koli mama, yuspagar mama, yuspagar raw. Eama, aca quesojj jumataquiw
mama, apasim mama. Aca quesojj jumataquiraquiw mama, apasim mama.
H: Walic mama, yuspagar mama.yuspagar mama, quesomajj sumaw mama. Jutir lunesaw jutapjjg. Jumajj
esposomarojj sum ufijgta.
Waliquiw mama.M: Sarawayjjapjjg mama, sarawayjjg tata, jiquisificama.
F: Jiquisincam mama, jiquisificay.
T: Walic mama, walic mama, yuspagar mama.
III. Supplementary expressions
Samay. Tell me.
Arsumay, parlamaySitay Tell me.Parlitay. Tell me.
Speak, talk.
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SUPPLEMENT
Yanapt'itay ampi. Help me, please.Saramay. Go.'Mantanimay. Come in.Amuquimay. Be quiet.Ist'amay. Listen.Ist'itay. Listen to me.Aca chekaruw koneasim ampi. Please sit down here.Cunas sutimajj tata? What is your name, sir?Cuna sutiatasa? What is your name, sir?Cuna sutinis wawamajja? What is your boy's name?Cunas wawaman sutipajja? What is your boy's name?Cunilrus jichhUrojja? What day is it today?Tata, aymarat parlam. Sir, speak in Aymara.Tata, aymarat parlt'ita ampi. Sir, please speak to me in Aymara.Tata, may jiscf'asima. Sir, I have a question for you.Cunach tata? What is it, sir?Parlt'ayita ampi. Please let me speak.Past'ayita ampi. Please let me pass.Tata, cun sans mun uca arojja? What does that word mean?Tata, cun sans mun ...? Uhat does...mean?Tata, camsafias aymaranjj...? How do you say...in Aymara?Janiw amuyct tata. I don't understand, sir.Janiw entiendct tata. I don't understand, air.Wasitat sam chha. Repeat it.Mayamp sam chha. Repeat it.Nayajj janiw sum aymar parlafi yatcti.Nayajj janYraw aymar sun paricti.Jan sawcasimti. Don't play jokes....muntati? Would you like...?T'ant' muntati? Would you like (some) bread?Saran muntati? Would you like to go?Nayamp saran muntati? Would you like to go withCamstasa? What do you say?Camsafiachejj...janiw yatcti. I don't know howAsno p'eke. Donkey head.Anu p'eke. Dog head.Kolike chuyma. Money-grubber.Iqui pucuchu. Sleepy=head.Iqui thusu. Sleepy-head.Iqui ch'awa. Sleepy-head.Kont'asim. Have a seat.Iyawl yt koneasi. Fine, I'll have a seat.Sayt'asim. Stand up.Iyaw/ yd sayeasY . Fine, I'll stand up.Catokt'ita. Accept this for me.:yaw/ ya catokeama. Fine, I'll accept it (from you)Sirvt'asim. Help yourself.iyawi yd sirveasi. Fine, I'll help myself.Umeasim. Drink up. Iquisjjam.Mank'easim. Eat up. Iquisjjapjjam.Winct'asim. Lie down.Korpacheita. Put me up in your
Samart'am.
house.
476
I can't speak Aymara well.I still can't speak Aymara well.
me?
to say...
You can sleep rwv,You (p1.) cansleep now.Take a rest.
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GLOSSARY
aca / thisaca chekaru / to this placeacgca / these placesacancana / to be hereacancascafia / to be hereacapacha / worldacatjamata / all of a suddenacawja / in this placeaccata / on.this sideachachila / evil spirit;
grandfatherachacu / mouseachicafia / to ask, requestachila / grandfatherachjafia / to biteachokafia / to bite offachthafia / to grab, seizeachu; / fruit' "-
aclaufia / to bear fruit
acs4 / over hereacsara / to this sideacullifia / to chew ocaadobe (aruwi) / adobeajanu / faceajjsarana / to fearajjsariri / shy; shy personala I price, purchaseala pates ./ small market
alala / cold (water)alana / to buyalasifia / to buy (for oneself)clay tok'el northalaya / up, above; northalba (alwa) / dawnAlcalde (Alcanti) mayoralcatafia / to trustalcohola (alcula) / alcoholaljafia / to sellallirokafia / to destroyallojja / a lot, amplyalma / soulalmanifia / to have a soul to whom
to prayamigo (amiju) / friend=par aytafia / to raise the armampar luc'ana / fingerampara / handempi / isn't that soamt401,. / to agreeamtasifia / to rememberamuqui / quietamuyeayafia / to advise
477
amuyafia / to thinkamuyasifia / to realizeanaquifia / to herdanaquipanaa I to move the herd from
oneA)lace to anotheranata / carnivalanatdaa. / to playancha / muchanchati / ratheranchaquiti / would thatantra / outsideanti / pinkantisasa / rather, insteadaatutafia / to abandonanu / dogapakafia / to take awayapada / to carryapanifia / to bringapayafia / to send.apilla / oca oxalis with yellow
flowersapillanifia / to have ocaapsufia / to take out, raiseapsuyafia / to carry offapthapifia / to get, pick up.arado (aratu) / plowarctaia / to follow, chase:arcu / pile of unthreshed barleyari / edge (knife), sharp.arjjatafia / to defendarmana / to.forgetarmasifia / to forgetarmeasifia / toforget,arroba (arruwa) / 25 lbs.arroza (Arrusa) / ricearsufia / to speakaru / wordaruna ! night .
arumanthi / tomorrow morningarumanthpacha / tomorrow (exactly)asno (asnu) / donkeyasqui lurgwi / good piece of workasquichafia / to arrangeauto (awtu) / carautoni (autuni) / owner of a carautot (ewtut) sarafia / to go by caravisaHa / to informaviseafia /'to informawatifia / to graze, pastureawatiri / shepherdawayo / shawl.awicha / grandmother
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GLOSSARY
awqui / father, old manawti / drought, autumnawti pacha / rainy seasonawtjatana / to be hungryawtjafia / to be hungryay ampi / ohay chhuy / you don't sayaycha / meateykofia / to moan, groanaynacha /down; southaynach-inti / southaynacht'afia / to failaynokafia / to put down long
objectsayrufia / to plantaytafia / to raiseazot'ifia / to Yhilp
azucara / sugarazula / blue
bollsillo (pulsicu) / pocketbotella (putilla) / bottle
caballo (cawallu) / horsecaballot (cawallut) sarafia
to go on horsebackcafe (cawia) / coffeecaldo (caldu) / brothcalamina / tin roofcalentura (calintura) /
temperaturecallachi / shouldercamachafia / to do somethingcamisa / shirtcamisaqui / how are youcamiscafia / to be howcamsafia / to say whatcancha / sport's fieldcana / canecarga / loadcaro (caru) / expensivecarta / lettercasarasifia / to get marriedcasaru / marriedcasofia / to be prudentcastellano (castillHnu) /
Spanishcatjafia / to catchcatokafia / to receive, welcomecatuntafia / to capturecatufia / to seize, take; fishcaturi / fishermancatuyafia / to give over,
surrender
cawcs / whera tocawqha / wherecawqhana / wherecawqhata / from wherecawqui / wherecawquiacasquisa / 'where is (durative)
cawquWa / where is (punctual)cawquiri / whichcawquits / from where.caya / frozen ocacayachafia / to make frozen ocacayu / leg, footcayu luc'ana / toecayut sarafia / to go by footcebada (ciwara) / barleycebolla (ciwulla) / onioncerveza (cirwisa) / beerclavo (calawu) / nailcoca (cuca) / cocacocina (cucina) / kitchencolerasifia / to get angry
color. (eulur) papela /-colored papercolor (culur) t'awra / dyed woolcolora (culura) / colorcosa (cusa) / thingcuaderno (cutirnu) / notebookcuartela / barrackcuchillo / knifecullaca / sistercullaquita / young lady, misscan ianejja / of course, why not'tuna / what thingcunacha / what is itcunalaycuti / becausecunama / howcunHmats / in some waycunamps / what elsecunanaca / thingscunapachasa / whencunaru / for whatcunata / for what, whycunaymani / every kindcunca / neckcunjamata / how comecunjamsa / howcusiscawifia / to be enjoyingcusisifia / to be happycuti / time (occasion)cutinifia / to returnc'achha / slowlyc'achhata / slowlyc'awna / egg
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GLC,Wri:
c'umara / healthyc'uarlfia / to be healthychaca / bridgechacha / man, husbandchala / scarfchamara / sack, coatchawlla / fishchawlla wallake / fish soupcheka / true; placechekpacha / certainlychekpuni / (really) truechica / togetherchica uru / noonchicachasifia / to joinchicat aruma / midnightchicat nayra /chicat pasata (pasata) / p.m.chicata / half, middlechiji / misfortunechulluchafia / to wet, soakChuquiagu (Chuquiaju) / La Pazchurafia / to givechuym usuyafia / to resent
chuyma / heartchuymjafia / to consolechha / let's see, sochhakata / lostchhakayana / to lose.chhijchhi / hailstonechhijchhi jareiri / person in
charge of controlling thefall. of hail during thecold season; a kind ofwitchdoctor
chhiwchhi / little chickenchhokha / duckchhujchhu / malariach'ajjch'uquipafia / to sprinklech'ama / difficult; forcech'amanYfia / to have strengthch'amufia / to suckch'anqha / woolen threadch'ejje / graych'ighi / intelligentch'iyara / blackch'ojjfia / green
ch'oke / potatochtokenifia / to have potatoesch'ucufia / to sewch'ucuyasifia / to have sewn
for oneselfch'ufiu / frozen potatoch'ufiuchana / to make frozen
potatoes
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doctors (tuctura) / doctordoming() (tuminju) / Sundaydulce (tulci) / candy
eknokafia / to put down flexible ocsoft objects
escuela / schoolestancia / community
faltafia (phaltafia) / to lack
fiesta (fists) / party, fiesta
gastafia / to waste, spend
habas (jawasa) / beanshorasa / hourhorasapana / on time
ichjOsifia / to cradle in the armsichufia / to cradleimana / to save hideimantafia /to hide'imasina / to have (left)imilla / girlinacha / maybe, perhapsinamaya / in vaininRfia / to be freeinasa / maybe, perhapsincienso (incinso) / incenseingeniero (injiniro) / engineerinti / suninti jalanta / sunset; westinti ialsui u/Tsunrise; eastinurunaca /,orpaysinyecciona klntLcasiona)iqui / dreamiquifia / to sleep; blanketiquifiat sartafia / to get tp from 4:!:2e
'bediquYwa / place to sleepirayasifia / to sendircatafia / to face, confrontirpafia / to guideisi / clothesisthapitafia / to be dressedist'aiia / to listen, heariya / verrwell, okay
jabona (jawuna) / soapjacafia / to livejaceana / to countjac'a / nearjac'u / flourjacLafia / to cryjacheyana / to cause to cry
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GLOSSA RY
jachawYfia / to be cryingjachiri / one who criesjach'a / bigjach'a tansa / talljach'a jach' tucufia / to become
proudjake / person, manjakUfia / to be, become a manjakonucuila / to throw outjakoquipafia / to turn overjak'afia / threshing instrumentjalafia / to runjalanifia /to come runningjalanta / sunsetitalsu / sunrisejalsufia / to jumpjallu / rainjallufia / to rainjalluntafia / to rain injamach'i / birdjamp'i / toasted corn, barleyjamptina / to toastjan / withoutjan casosiri / imprudentjan ucajja / if not, otherwisejan ufit'ata / unknownjan walt'ana / to missjanc'a / fast, soonjanipini / neverjaniraqui / nor, neitherjaniwa / no, notjanjaw / I don't think sojank'o / whitejapu / burnt ash.japuchafia / to burn herbsjachufia / to countjarekafia / to washjarina / to bathe, washjarisifia / to wash (oneself)jarq'afia / to intercept, intercedejathi / heavyjathjafia / to weighjawira / riverjawk'afia / to threshjawsafia / to call overjaya / far, distantjayu / saltjayp'u / afternoonjayra / lazyjayrasifia / to be lazyjaysafia / to acceptjicjjatana / to obtain, receivejichha / nowjicharmanthi / this morning
480jichhpacha / right nowjichhu / strawjichhUrcama / until todayjichhUru / todayjichjatafia / to meet
jila / brotherjilakata / leader of the communityjiliri / oldestjina / let's gojifichu / earji;hani / back (body)jiquifia / to meetjiquisifia / to meet
jisa / yesjisc'a / smalljisc'a tansa / shortjisceafia / to askjisearafia / to openjiseararapifia / to open (for someone)jiwafia / to diejiwarayafia / to kill a great deal,
one by onejiwasa / we (you and I)jiwasanaca / we (you pl. and I)
jiwayafia / to killjiwq'i / jug used for toastingjuc'a / few, a littlejueampi / morejuc'at juc'ata / little by littlejucha / sinjuch'usa / thinjuma / you (sg.)jumanaca / you (pl.)junt'afia / to puncturejunt'u / hotjunt'u urea / breakfastjuneuchasifia / to warm oneselfjupa / he, shejupanaca theyjuri / wetjurichasifia / to get wetjurintafia / to wetjurparmanthi / yesterday morningjurpayp'u / the day after tomorrow
in the afternonnjurpUrojja / the day after tomorrowjutafia / to comejutir / nextjutjjafia / to come backjuyphi / frostjuyphi pacha / cold season, fros.junhina / to be coldjuyra / food staples (not meal,juyronitia / to have food staplec2
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CIA5.1,21
kala /stonekalarara / stonykalltafia / to beginkallu / sucklingkamiri / rich, rich personkamirifla / to be richkapu / spindlekapufia / to spinkarifia / to become tiredkarjafia / to tirekarjatafia / to tirekawkha / how much, how manykawkhUru / in how many dayskawra / llamakawra sullu / llama fetuskellka /cardkallkafia / to writekenaya / cloudkilo (quilu) / kilokoka / treekoli / pleasekolla /medicinekollafia / to curekollasifia / ko cure oneselfkolliri / doctorkollkefieykbllkenifia / to have moneykollu / hillkonkori / kneekonL'asiria / to sit
kora / grasskota / lakekotalaca / lake shorekhana / clear, lightkhanjta / claimkhant'afia / to face, confrontkharayplu / tomorrow afternoonkharUru / tomorrowkhatifla / to cookkhathu / market, fairkhech'afia / to irrigatekhepa / followingkheparafia / to remain, staykhepata / after, immediatelykhepeafia / to be latekhepUru / the following daykhollifia / to plowkholliri / ploughman, farmerkhoru / badk'ala / all, completelyk'afiu / dirty
k'aflufia / to be dirty
k'apha / activekepi / bundle
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k'epifia / to carry a bund3uk'ellu / yellowk'oma / cleank'omachafla / to clean
laca / mouthlaka / rapidlakhofia / to licklak'a / ground, dustlak'arara / covered with dust, duEtylak'o / wormlamana / large bowllampa / metal shovellanqhu / thicklanti / instead oflapiza / pencillarcawifia / to be laithinglarusifia / to laughlawa / sticklaycu / for, for the sake ofleche (lichi) / milk.lechuga (lichuga) / lettuceleefia (liyifla ) / to readLibra (liwra) / poundlibro Muni ) / booklip'ichi / leather, hide, Ain,liq'i / fatliq'intafia /.to fattenliwida / to fling, castliwinucufia / to cause to fallliwisifia / to falllulu / little girllunesa (lunisa) / Mondaylunthatafia / to steallupi / sunshinelupjafia / to feel the heat of theluptifia / to think, reflectlurafia / to do, worklurayafia / to have madellamayuda / to scrape notatoes, ocallamp'u / uncooked llama fatllamp'uptafia / to become soft
liaphi / docilellgtunc tunca / ninetyligtunca / ninellaqui / pityllaquisifia to be sadilaquita / sadlluch'u / caplluphafia / to cover
mg / one, amachaka / newmallk'a / throat
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GLOSSARY
mama / mother, senoramank'a / foodmank'afia / to eatmank'ayafia / to feedmantafia / to entermant'afia / to lendmanteca (mantica) / lardmaqui / quicklymaquina / machinemaqhatafia / to scale, ascendmara / yearmarca / townmartesa (martisa) / Tuesdaymasarmanthi / yesterday morningmasayp'u / yesterday afternoonmastiru / yesterdaymaya / onemayamps / no more, never againmayaqui / all of a suddenmayat mayata / one by onemayifia / to ask for, requestmaymara / last yearmayni / othermayninaca / the othersmaysajjata/the other way aroundmerk'e / rather old (only of
things)
mesa (misa) / tablefaiercolesa (mirculisa) / Wednesdaymillona (milluna) / millionminuto (minutu) / minutemira / don't be like that, pleasemistufia / to go outmiseufia / to allow to leavemojjsa / sweet, savorymojjsaptafia / to become sweetmorko / half used (only of
things)munafia / to want: love; authoritymururafia / to cut (hair)muspharafia / to wonder, marvel atmuyufia / to turn over
nanaca / wenaqhafia / to scald, burn, be
consumed by firenaranja (laranqha, laranja) /
orangenasa / nosenaya / Inayra / early, before; eyenayrakata / first
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nayrap'u / the clay before yesterdayin the afternoon
nayrRrmanthi / the day before yester-day in the morning
nayreafia / to get aheadnayritru / the day before yesterdayni / nonina / fireniya / now, alreadynuwala / brownnuwala / to hitfiek'e / mud
fiic'uta / hair
of icina (ophisina) / officeoke / greyorake / ground, terrainovej kallu (iwij kallu) / lambovej wanu / fertiIizdroveja (iwi3a) / sheep
pa / twopa tunca / twentypasha / time,seasonpachasifia / to doubtpakallk tunca / seventypakallko / sevenpampa / pampa, plainpankara / flowerpantalona / pantspantjasifia / to be mistakenpantjata i mistakepantjayafia / to cause one to make
a mistakepapela / paperparlafia / to talkparlasifia / to converseparleasifia / to talkparu / wheat coloredpasafia / to endurepasir mara / last yearpasir phajjsi / last monthpasir semana ( semana) / last wekkpasto (pastu) / grasspata / overpataca / one hundredpelanokafia / to pluckpelota (piluta) / ballpesada (pisata) / weighedpico (picu) / pickpichafia / to sweeppichHfia / broompisi / lacking, less
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GLOSSARY,
nisi chuyma / stupidpisi chuymIiia / to be stupidpiseafia / to be consumedpobre (puwri) / poorpobrefia 64Wrifia) / to be poorpokota / bananapollera (pullira) / skirt .
poncho (punchu) / ponchoponchosifia / to put on a ponchoprofesor (prufisura) / professorpuedifia (purifia ) ./ to be able
purirl:z / to arrive
puncu / doorpuraca / stomachpurapa / bothpuriwi / place of arrivalpurum orake / virgin landpuruma / virgin landpusi / fourpusi tunca / fortyputu / cavephajjsi / monthphallafia / to explodepharjafia / to be thirstypharjatafia / to be thirstyphayafia / to cookphayiri / cookpheska / fivepheska pataca / five hundredpheska tunca / fiftyphina [pile of potatoes, ocaphishi / catphisna / light (in weight)phokhata / completephucha / daughterphuchhafia / to burn piles of
dead grassphuju / well (for water)phuqhu / pot, panp'eke /headp'ekefi usu /problemp'itafia / to weave
queso (quisu) / cheesequimsa / threequimsa tunca / thirtyquimsakallk gunca / eightyquimsakallko / eightquinina / quininequintala / hundred-weightquipata / in turnquiptafia / to (re)turn
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qhg / that over thereqharifia / to beheadqhaya / that over thereqhaygca / those places over thereqhitafia / to sendqhiti / whoqhuchi / pigqhunu / snowqhunu kollu / snow-covered mountainqhurcata / on the other sideqhuri / way over thereqhuri maymKra / before last yearqhurYco / those places way over
thereq'ispifia / cookie made of quinua
rato (ratu) / a while, ,momentrebajeafia / to lowerregalo (rijalu) / giftreloj (relojo) / watchrezayafia / to have prayers said
sabado (sawaru) / Saturdaysaco (sacu) / sack, coatsamarafia / to restsamareafia / to restsafia / to say, speaksapa / eachsaplir / each day, dailysarakafia / to go downsarana / to gosarnakafia / to walksarnakawi / living placesartafia / to get upsart'afia / to visit
satafia to plant :(potatoes, out',
sawufia / to weavesawurapiiia / to sew (for someone)Secretario General (Sicritar
Ginirala) / Secretary Generalsemana (simana) / weeksicuya / haysilla / chairsinti / muchsiwa / it is saidsojjta / sixsojjta tunca / sixtysombrero (sumiru) / hatsullca / youngestsuma / good, wellsumgfia / to be nice, fine (of things)susufia / to hover (bird)
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GLOSSARY
suti / namasutiyafia / to name, baptizesuyafia / to wait, expectsuycawifia / to be waiting all
the time
take / alltake chuyma / of good willtama / flock, herdtansa / staturetanta / meetingtantachasifia / to meettata / father, senortawako / young womantayca / mothertaypi / middletecha, teja (tichu, tija) /
the roofterno (tirnu ) / suittia (tiya, tiyala) / aunttienda (tinta) / storetiempo (timpu) / timetijera (tijira(sa)) / scissorstincuyafia / to fall and stump
(a tree)do (tiwu, tiwula) / uncletiwula / foxTodos Santos (Tol Santu,
Turu Santu) / AllSaint's Day
tokefia / to quarreltomate (tumati) / tomatotonko / corntrabajafia (rawajafia) / to worktrabajonifia / to have worktucufia / to finish becometumpeafia / to misstunca / tentunca llatuficani / nineteentunca payani / eleventunca pakallkcini (:.seventeentunca payani / twelvetunca pusini fourteentunca pheskani / fifteentunca quimsakallkoni / eighteentunca quiUsani / thirteentunca sojjtani / sixteentupufia / to measureturcafia / to changeturqui / changetuyufia / to swim, float (in air
or water)
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thakafia / to look forthalafia / to shake, jolythalayafia / to shake (out)thantha f old (only of things)thaqui / roadthaquichaila / to build a roadtharufia / to weed and turn over the
soilthaya / cold; windthayafia / to be coldthayjafia / to be coldthokofia / to dancethokori / dancerthujsa / fetid, stinkingthujsafia / to stinkt'ajjsifia / t'ajjsufia / to washt'ant'a / breadt'arwa / t'awra / woolt'awr yawifia / to shear (wool)t'awra liq'ichi / leather with tuts
of wool or fur on iteugha / thineurufia / to eat toasted beans;
gnaw, chew
uca / thatucaea / those placesucalaycu / because ofucampirusa / norucarapisa / butucapacha / that timeucapY / so it isucarjama / regarding thatucaru / for that reasonucata / thereforeucatarac / take careucatraqui / take careucatsti / after, thenucchaficama / in the meantimeucjja / sufficiently, so (much)ucqha / that momentucsa / immediatelyucsara / to that sideucspacha / at once, immediatelyuctiru / then
uchafia / to put, placeuchasifia / to put, placeuchayafia / to have takenujufia / to coughukhamaraqui / likewiseuma / waterumafia / to drink
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GLOSSARYumaptafia / to become water(y)umata / drunkufiachayafia / to show
ufiaquipafia / to move the herdfrom one place to another
uficatasi / in front ofufichu'quifia / to llok at, watchufijafia / to take care of, seeufijarafia / to look on all sides,
aroundufijasiri / one who takes careufijatafia / to look at
uastafia / to appearufitafia / to look, watch
ufit'afia / to %nag
uqhama / souru / dayusu / sicknessusuntana / to be seriously illusuta / to become sickusuta / sickusuta /to be sickusuyana to maKe sickuta / houseuzachafia / to buildutachiri / builderutani / master of the house.utanifia / to have a houseutjafia / to haveuyu / yard, corraluyu pata / on top of the corraluywa / domestic animaluywa uyu / corral, barnyarduywafia / to raiseuywanifia / to have Oomestic
animals
vaca (waca) / cowvaca kallu (waca kallu) / calf
vena (Wina) / veinventana (winana) / windowviernesa (mirnisa) / Fridayvisitafia twisitana) / to visitvisiteafia (wisiteafia) /
to visit
waceafia / to correspond to;fall to one's lot
waculla / large narrow - mouthed
pitcherwac'a / sashwajcha / orphan
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wajjrafia / to gorewajjrasiri / one who goraswajjeafia / to present; invitewalarmanthi / yesterday morningwali / veryraliptafia / to get betterwaliqui / fine, wellwariquifia / to be well, finewalja / much, manywalpini / very, certainlywalt'afia / to become accustomed towalUru / day before yesterdaywallata / duckwallpa / chickenwanc'u / rabbitwaneu kallu / baby rabbitwant'afia / to dry up (something)wanu / fertilizerwafia / drywafiachafia / to dry (something)wafisufia / to dry
waquichafia / to preparewaquichasifia / to prepare oruwaquisifia / to be possiblewaranka / thousandwaranucufia / to pour outwararifia / to shoutwari / vicuñawarmi / woman, wifewas ! rmanthi yesterday morningwasayp'u / yesterday afternonwasUru / yesterdaywasitata / againwawa / sonwawachasicta / to give birth,-ayna / young ran
wayucha / pitcherwayunucuna / to threw out (with the
hands) (people, objects)wayurana / to take out one by onewily / redwisghu / sandal
ygkafia / to respectyakha / another, othervakhepa / another, otheryHmas / at leastyHnaca / thingsyanapafia / to helpyapu / plot of land, fieldyapuchafia / to cultivateyapuchliwi / place of sowing
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GLOSSARY
yapuchiri / workeryatekafia / to learnyatichafia / to teachyatichiri / teacherYatichirinifia / to have a teacheryatina / to knowyatisifia / to get to knowyatiyafia / to make known,
communicateyawifia / to shear, cutyoka / sonyokalla / boyyungasa (yuncasa) / yungas regionyuspagara ( yuspagara) / thanksyuspagaraha (yuspajarafia) / to
thank
zapato (sapatu) / shoe
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