Augmentation of water (HYDROLOGY & WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING)

present

PRAKASH SIRGuided:-

Civil:-B

Augmentation of watertopic:-

Why need for conservation of water ??..

• Variation in Rainfall

• Areas of Water Shortage

• Uncertainty of Precipitation

• Future Needs

• There is very large Variation in Rainfall from season to

season, time to time, place to place.

• In North East is hundred times of Annual rainfall in

Western part of India.

• Average rainfall in Meghalaya is 11000 mm while in

Western Rajasthan 100 mm.

Variation in rainfall

• Every Year will not be same And uniform in all

regions.

• There are in some region ,where every third year there

is very low rainfall.

Variation in rainfall

• 9%

• 40%

Areas of water shortage

Area in % Value of Rainfall

• Less than 500mm

• 500mm to 1000mm

Is called arid region

Is called semiarid region

• The various of monsoon is root-cause for shortage of water.

• There are areas where good crop is expected but because

of scantly of rainfall, the failure of crop can occur quite

frequently. These area are known as drought- prone areas.

• The rainfall may sometime will below normal during two

or more consecutive years.

Uncertainly of precipitation

• There are some areas like Asam And Meghalaya, there

will be hardly any year without flood.

• In our country population increase is estimated more than 1.5% per annum.

• This way there will be ultimately two fold increase in water needs.

• (i) public water supply = 52 cubic km

• (ii)Agriculture use = 770 cubic km

• (iii)Industrial use = 120 cubic km

• (iv)Hydroelectric power = 71 cubic km

• (v)other use = 37 cubic km

• Total demand will be Approx. = 1050 cubic kilometers in years 2025.

Future needs

for augmentation of water

• WATER REUSE

- Untreated wastewater

reused at Home.

- Treated wastewater

delivered from a central

treatment facility

- Suitable for

- Outdoor irrigation

- Some Cooling &

industrial purpose

for augmentation of water

• Leak Detection

- indoor (faucets & toilets )

• Storage (From local lakes)

- Limited due to small

volumes

- Suitable For irrigation

and fire suppression

- Can be treated in

emergencies

• Groundwater (From wells)

- Can supply limited

quantities

Measures for water

conservation

Domestic Conservation

Industrial

Conservation

Agriculture

Conservation