ASSURE Model (Selecting methods, media, and materials)
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ASSURE MODEL
The ASSURE model was developed by
Heinich, Molenda, Russell, Smaldino
(1999) and is an instructional model for
planning a lesson and the technology
that will enhance it.
The ASSURE Model is:
Ø A procedural guide for planning and delivering
instruction that integrates technology and media into
the teaching process.
Ø A systematic approach of writing lesson plans.
The ASSURE Model is:
Ø A plan used to help teachers organize instructional
procedures.
Ø A plan used to help teachers do an authentic
assessment of student learning.
Ø A model that can be used by all presenters.
The ASSURE model contains six steps
and the letters in ASSURE form an
acronym.
A - Analyze the learners
S - State objectives
S - Select methods, media and materials
U - Utilize media and materials
R - Require learner participation
E - Evaluate and revise
Select Methods, Media
and Materials
A systematic plan for using media and
technology certainly demands that the
methods, media, and materials be
selected systematically in the first place.
The selection process has three steps:
1.) Deciding on the appropriate method for the
given learning tasks.
2.) Choosing a media format that is suitable for
carrying out the method.
3.) Selecting, modifying, or designing specific
materials within the media format.
Choosing a Method
Method - a particular form
of procedure for accomplishing
or approaching something, esp.
a systematic or established one.
These are several methods that help students
learned in the class.
1.) Motivation
4.) Information 3.) Orientation
5.) Evaluation 2.) Application
Motivation
Motivation - is basis and a psychological
feature that arouses an organism to act towards
a desired goal and elicits, controls, and sustains
certain goal-directed behaviors. It can be
considered a driving force; a psychological one
that compels or reinforces an action toward a
desired goal.
Application
Application – the act in which a learner
applies his knowledge of a certain
information using his cognitive, affective and
psychomotor domains of learning.
Orientation
Orientation – an introduction in which a
learner is guided to a adjust in a new specific
situation, surrounding, employment and
activity.
Information
Information – knowledge communicated or
received concerning a particular fact or
circumstances.
Evaluation
Evaluation – an act or instance of evaluating
or appraising. In Educational Technology it is
the process of diagnosing each student about
their performance especially regarding the
enhancement of the different domains of
learning.
Choosing a Media
Format
A media format is the physical form in
which a message is incorporated and
displayed.
Types of Media Formats:
RO - Real Objects (models)
T - Printed Text ( handouts, books, computer screen )
CB - Chalkboard or Whiteboard
OT - Overhead Transparencies
SL - Slides
V - Video ( tape, disc, television )
G - Graphics ( photos, charts, diagrams )
A - Audio ( tape, CD )
CS - Computer Software
Real objects - are objects from real life
used in classroom instruction by
educators to improve students'
understanding of other cultures and real
life situations.
Types of Media Formats
Real objectsTypes of Media Formats
Printed text – the main body of matter in
a manuscript, book, newspaper, etc., as
distinguished from notes, appendixes,
headings, illustrations, etc.
Types of Media Formats
Printed Text
Types of Media Formats
Chalkboard – is a reusable writing
surface on which text or drawings are
made of sticks of calcium sulphate or
calcium carbonate , known, when used
for this purpose, as chalk.
Types of Media Formats
White Board - (also known by the
terms marker board, dry-erase
board, dry-wipe board, pen-board, and
the misnomer grease board) is a name for
any glossy, usually white surface for
nonpermanent markings.
Types of Media Formats
Chalkboard and WhiteboardTypes of Media Formats
Overhead Transparencies - also known in
industrial settings as a "viewfoil" or "foil", is
a thin sheet of transparent flexible material,
typically cellulose acetate, onto which
figures can be drawn. These are then placed
on an overhead projector for display to an
audience.
Types of Media Formats
Overhead TransparenciesTypes of Media Formats
Slides - A slide is a single page of a presentation
created with software such as PowerPoint or
OpenOffice Impress. A presentation is composed of
several slides. The best presentations use
approximately ten to twelve slides to get the message
across.
Types of Media Formats
SlidesTypes of Media Formats
Video – the elements of television, as in
program or script, pertaining to the
transmission or reception of the image.
Types of Media Formats
VideoTypes of Media Formats
Graphics - are visual presentations on
some surface, such as a wall, canvas,
screen, paper, or stone to brand, inform,
illustrate, or entertain.
Types of Media Formats
GraphicsTypes of Media Formats
Audio – pertaining to, or employed in the
transmission, reception, or reproduction
of sound.
Types of Media Formats
AudioTypes of Media Formats
Computer Software - or just software, is any
set of machine-readable instructions that
directs a computer's processor to perform
specific operations. The term is used to
contrast with computer hardware, the
physical objects (processor and related
devices) that carry out the instructions.
Types of Media Formats
Computer SoftwareTypes of Media Formats
Consumer Marketing of Educational Products
As the Consumers Union provides objective
evaluative information about household products to
general consumers, the Educational Products
Information Exchange (EPIE) Institution provides
educational software evaluations to the education
and training communities.
EPIE Institute – is a non profit agency that has been
in operation since 1967. Its purpose is to “gather and
disseminate descriptive and analytic information –
along with empirical information on performance
and effects on learners – about instructional
materials and systems.”
Evaluation Services offered by EPIE:
* The Education Software Selector (TESS) is a
comprehensive database of educational software at
every level from preschool to college.
Over the years TESS has been available in a variety
of formats, most recently on CD-ROM.
Evaluation Services offered by EPIE:
* Eight major integrated instruction systems (or
integrated learning systems) are evaluated in The
EPIE Report on Computer-Based Integrated
Systems, which draws on extensive research by
experts in software evaluation and curriculum.
* EPIE’s Curriculum Analysis Services for Education
(CASE) provide schools with a means of analyzing,
designing, and aligning their stated curriculum outcomes,
textbooks, and other instructional resources. A school’s
testing program can be compared with state and national
programs and curriculum priorities. The service provide
grade-by-grade printed reports that are useful for
understanding and improving a school’s curriculum and
instructional program.
The Instructional Media
The Instructional Media
• Instructional media encompasses all the materials
and physical means an instructor might use to
implement instruction and facilitate students'
achievement of instructional objectives.
The Instructional Media
• This may include traditional materials such as
chalkboards, handouts, charts, slides, overheads,
real objects, and videotape or film, as well newer
materials and methods such as computers, DVDs,
CD-ROMs, the Internet, and interactive video
conferencing.
Why use Instructional Media?
• A good aid is like a window, it should not call
attention to itself, it should just let in the light.
Why use Instructional Media?• In general, you should use media whenever, in
your best judgment, it can facilitate learning or
increase understanding of your material. Of
course, communicating to facilitate learning can
be a challenging process, often requiring creative
efforts to achieve a variety of implicit
instructional goals.
Why use Instructional Media?
• Among the implicit goals that media can help
achieve are the following:
- attracting attention
- developing interest
- adjusting the learning climate
- promoting acceptance (of an idea)
Steps in the Implementation of Instructional Media
• Review instructional goals, objectives, audience
and instructional strategy.
• Determine the best medium for your lesson
components.
• Search for and review existing media/materials.
Steps in the Implementation of Instructional Media
• Adapt existing media/materials if necessary.
• If new media/materials need to be developed:
-Determine format, script, visuals, etc.
-Draft materials and media
-Check for clarity and flow of ideas
Steps in the Implementation of Instructional Media
• Conduct formative evaluation
• Implement/apply
• Evaluate/revise
Steps in the Implementation of Instructional Media
• In the instructional development outline above
(“Determine the best medium for your lesson
components”) is among the most confusing
aspects of the process.
Steps in the Implementation of Instructional Media
• Models for media selection range from simple
procedures or algorithms to complex theoretical
schemes. Some are based on the communication
‘channel’ being used (audio, video, etc.) or the
characteristics of the media itself.
Steps in the Implementation of Instructional Media
• Other emphasize the learning outcomes being
addressed, while still others focus on learner
attributes or educational theory or the teaching-
learning process.
Types of Instructional Media
Multimedia
Multimedia - refers to content that uses a
combination of different content forms. This contrasts
with media that use only rudimentary computer
displays such as text-only or traditional forms of
printed or hand-produced material. Multimedia
includes a combination of text, audio, still
images, animation, video, or interactivity content
forms.
Types of Instructional Media
Video
Video – the elements of television, as in
program or script, pertaining to the
transmission or reception of the image.
Types of Instructional Media
Graphics
Graphics - are visual presentations on
some surface, such as a wall, canvas,
screen, paper, or stone to brand, inform,
illustrate, or entertain.
Types of Instructional Media
Audio
Audio – pertaining to, or employed in the
transmission, reception, or reproduction
of sound.
Types of Instructional Media
Text
Printed text – the main body of matter in
a manuscript, book, newspaper, etc., as
distinguished from notes, appendixes,
headings, illustrations, etc.
Types Instructional Media
Real objects
and models
Real objects - are objects from real life
used in classroom instruction by
educators to improve students'
understanding of other cultures and real
life situations.
Obtaining Specific
Materials
* SELECTING AVAILABLE MATERIALS
* MODIFYING EXISTING MATERIALS
* DESIGNING NEW MATERIALS
Selecting Available
Materials
The majority of instructional materials used by teachers and trainers are “off the shelf”
--- that is, ready-made and available from school, district, or company collections or other easily accessible resources.
Involving the Media/Technology Specialists
• The media/technology specialist can be an
important resource for you.
• You may need new materials to update the
content of a unit.
• The media/technology specialist can tell you
about materials housed in a local resource
center or school library media center.
Involving the Media/Technology Specialists
• Identify and discuss your options.
• As the specialist gains a better idea of your
needs, arrangements can be made to contact
area media collections (public, academic, or
regional) to borrow potentially useful
materials.
Involving the Media/Technology Specialists
• If you and the media/technology specialist
collaborate with each other teachers in your
school or district who desire similar materials,
you may have an easier time in acquiring
materials from national museums or
organizations.
Involving the Media/Technology Specialists
• An appointed group of teachers may review
selection and evaluation guides and identify
new materials to be purchased for future use.
• Involving other teachers in the preview process
also allows you to compare ideas and available
materials.
Involving the Media/Technology Specialists
• Teachers tend to become more critical an
selective as they increase their collective
knowledge of media and material alternatives.
Surveying the Sources
• You might survey some of the published
reference guides or the Internet to get a
general idea of what is available.
Surveying the Sources
• Unfortunately, no single comprehensive
guide exists for all audiovisual materials
available in all media formats in all
subjects; you may have to consult several
sources.
Surveying the Sources
• There are three types of guides that can
help you select media --- comprehensive
guides, selective guides, and evaluative
guides.
Surveying the Sources
• Comprehensive guides help you identify
the scope and possibilities.
- A-V Online
- Bowker’s Complete Video Guide
Surveying the Sources
• Selective guides are a compilation of the
“best” instructional materials.
- Only the Best Computer Programs
- Best Videos for Children and Young Adults
- The Elementary School Library Collection
Surveying the Sources
• An advantage of these selective guides is
that time has allowed the “best” to surface
from a comparison of similar products on
the market.
Surveying the Sources
• A disadvantage is that during the time
required for this process to take place,
some items may have become outdated
and newer items of good quality may not
have been included.
Surveying the Sources
• Evaluative guides are current and will keep
you up to date about new materials.
- Booklist
- School Library Journal
- Choice
- Video Rating Guide
Surveying the Sources
• One of the more comprehensive sources is
a set of two indexes published by NICEM
(National Information Center for
Educational Media) : Film & Video
Finder and Audiocassette & Compact
Disc Finder.
Surveying the Sources
• “A-V Online” is a CD-ROM that lists
thousands of educational, informational,
and documentary materials along with
their sources.
Surveying the Sources
• The disc includes a variety of media
formats, such as video, audio, film,
filmstrips, slides, slide-tape programs,
overhead transparencies, and multimedia
kits.
Surveying the Sources
• If you are working in elementary or
secondary education, you might consult
several additional sources that cover a
range of media formats, such as Core
Media Collection for Elementary Schools
and Core Media Collection for Secondary
Schools.
Surveying the Sources
• These books recommend specific
audiovisual titles as core materials for
elementary and secondary school media
collection.
Surveying the Sources
• For general and adult audiences, a major
guide is the Reference List of Audiovisual
Materials, produced by the U.S.
government.
Surveying the Sources
• It describes all the training and
educational materials produced by the
armed forces and other government
agencies that are available for general
purchase.
SELECTION CRITERIA
• The decision about whether to use a particular
piece of instructional material depends on
several factors.
• Recent research confirms that certain criteria
are critical in the appraisal of materials
(McAlpine & Watson, 1994).
Selection CriteriaMedia Selection
Ø Media should be selected on the basis of student
need.
Ø We must consider the total learning situation.
Ø Should follow learning objectives.
Ø Must be appropriate for the teaching format.
Ø Should be consistent with the students'
capabilities and learning styles.
Selection CriteriaMedia Selection
Ø Should be chosen objectively.
Ø Should be selected in order to best meet the
learning outcomes.
Ø No single medium is the total solution.
Ø Does it match the curriculum?
Ø Is it accurate and current?
Selection CriteriaMedia Selection
Ø Does it contain clear and concise language?
Ø Will it motivate and maintain interest?
Ø Does it provide for learner participation?
Ø Is it of good technical quality?
The Instructor’s Personal FileEvery Instructor should develop a file of
media references and appraisals for personal
use. An excellent way for you to begin is to
develop your own personal file of Appraisal
Checklists by using the “Classroom Link
Portfolio” CD-ROM.
The Instructor’s Personal FileAppraisal Checklists – Provide a systematic
procedure for judging the qualities of specific
materials.
“Classroom Link Portfolio” CD-ROM -
Modifying Existing
Materials
Modifying Existing Materials
* If you cannot locate entirely suitable materials and
media off the shelf, you might be able to modify
what is available.
* This can be both challenging and creative.
Modification Techniques
• For example, perhaps the only available visual
showing a piece of equipment being used in a
middle school wood-working class is from a repair
manual and contains too much detail and complex
terminology. A possible solution to the problem
would be to use the picture but modify the caption
and simplify or omit some of the labels.
Modification Techniques
• Let’s say there is just one video available that shows
a needed visual sequence, but the audio portion of
the video is inappropriate because it is too high or
too low a conceptual level or discusses
inappropriate points. A simple solution in such case
would be to show the video with the sound turned
off and provide the narration yourself.
Modification Techniques
• Another modification technique, which many
instructors overlook, is to show just a portion of a
video, stop the VCR, discuss what has been
presented, then continue with another short
segment followed by additional discussion.
Modification Techniques
• Modification also can be made in the audio
portion of foreign-language materials or English-
language materials used in a bilingual classroom.
• Narration can be changed from one language to
another or from a more advance rendition of a
foreign language to a simpler one.
Videocassette Recorders
Provide teachers with the opportunity to
modify television programs that previously were
available only as shown on the air.
One frequently modified media format is a set
of slides with an audio tape. If the visuals are
appropriate but the language is not, it is possible to
change the language. It is also possible to change the
emphasis on the narration.
Some instructional games can be readily
modified to meet particular instructional needs. It is
possible to use a given format and change the rules of
play to increase or decrease the level of
sophistication.
If you try to out modified materials while they
are still in more or less rough form, you can then
make further modifications in response to student
reaction until your materials meet your exact needs.
Designing New
Materials
It is easier and less costly
to use available materials, with
or without modification, than
to start from scratch. There is a
seldom justification for
reinventing the wheel.
However, there may be
times when your only recourse
is to design your own materials.
As in the case with selecting
from available materials, you
must consider certain basic
elements when designing new
materials.
* Objectives. What do you want your students to
learn?
* Audience. What are the characteristics of your
learners? Do they have the prerequisite knowledge
and skills to use or learn from the materials?
* Cost. Is sufficient money available in your budget
to meet the cost of supplies (videotapes, audiotapes,
etc.) you will need to prepare the materials?
* Technical Expertise. Do you have the necessary
expertise to design and produce the kind of materials
you wish to use? If not, will the necessary technical
assistance be available to you? Try to keep your
design within the range of your own capabilities.
Don’t waste time and money trying to
produce slick professional materials when simple
inexpensive products will get the job done.
* Equipment. Do you have the necessary equipment
to produce or use the materials you intend to design?
* Facilities. If you design calls for use of special
facilities for preparation or use of your materials, are
such facilities available?
* Time. Can you afford to spend whatever time
necessary to design and produce the kind of materials
you have in mind?
ASSURE Blueprint
Select Methods, Media
and Materials
The teacher first selects a teaching method,
followed by materials and equipment that are
available at the school. He also modifies and
develops other materials. The method she chooses to
use large-group instruction with small groups.
Materials that can be used in a classroom discussion:
• Overhead Projector
• iMac Computers
• AppleWorks
• Video Camera and Tape Recorder
Materials that can be used in a classroom discussion:
• Data Projector
• Flip Chart
• Handouts
MERRY CHRISTMAS & HAPPY NEW YEARPrepared by: Mark Anthony G. Arrieta
BSEd-Math-2
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