Asphalt Presentation

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 1

Types & Uses of Asphalt Materials

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 2

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 3

BitumenBitumen

Tar(from coal)• road tar• coal tar

Asphalt Binder (from petroleum

crude)• asphaltic bitumen• asphaltic binder

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 4

• Asphalt binders and tar – Both are bitumen materials. – are used interchangeable due to misconceptions

resulting from their similarity in appearance and in the parallel applications.

– However, Both are two distinctly different materials with different origins and different physical and chemical characteristics.

– Asphalt binders is a dark brown to black cementitious material that is either naturally occurring or is produced by petroleum distillation.

– Tar, on the other hand, is primarily manufactured from the destructive distillation of coal and has a very distinctive odor.

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 5

• Today, Tar Hardly used in Paving applications

– High temperature susceptibility

– Health hazards (eye and skin irritation when exposed to fumes)

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 6

ASPHALTSASPHALTS

• Asphalt Binders

• Cutbacks

• Emulsions

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 7

• Asphalt concrete• Asphalt paving

mix• Asphalt mix• Asphalt

Hot Mix Asphalt Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)(HMA)

• Bituminous concrete• Bituminous paving

mix• Bituminous mix

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 8

Asphalt Binder is Generally

Produced in a Refinery

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 9

Basics of Refining Crude OilBasics of Refining Crude Oil

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 10

Petroleum-Based Asphalt BindersPetroleum-Based Asphalt Binders

• Asphalt binder is waste product from refinery processing of crude oil– Sometimes called the “bottom of the

barrel”

• Properties depend on:– Refinery operations– Composition of crude source-

dependent

GasolineKerosene

Lt. Gas OilDiesel

Motor Oils

Asphalt

Barrel of Crude Oil

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 11

Asphalt Binders are broken down into 2 components:

• Asphaltenes and resins• OilsBlended to produce asphalt binders of

desired properties

Solvent DeasphaltingSolvent Deasphalting

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 12

Asphalt binder is broken down into 3 components:

• Asphaltenes• Resins• OilBlended to produce asphalt binder of

desired properties

Residuum Oil Supercritical Residuum Oil Supercritical Extraction (Rose)Extraction (Rose)

the residuum is mixed with a low-boiling hydrocarbon the residuum is mixed with a low-boiling hydrocarbon solvent (such as, normal pentane) under supercritical solvent (such as, normal pentane) under supercritical conditions.conditions.

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 13

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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 20

Cutback AsphaltsCutback Asphalts

Rapid Curing (RC)Asphalt + Naphtha

Surface TreatmentTack CoatRC - 30RC - 70

RC - 250RC - 800

Medium Curing (MC)

Asphalt + Kerosene

Stockpile PatchPrime Coat

MC - 30MC - 70MC - 250MC - 800

Slow Curing (SC)

Asphalt + Oil/diesel

Stockpile PatchPrime Coat

SC - 70SC - 250SC - 800SC - 3000

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 21

30 70 250 800 3000

COMPOSITION OF CUTBACK ASPHALTS

RC = Naphtha; MC = Kerosene SC = Light Oil

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 22

CUTBACKS - USESCUTBACKS - USES• Rapid Curing

– Tack coats– Surface treatments

• Medium curing– Prime coats– Stockpile patching materials

• Slow curing– Prime Coats– Stockpiling

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 23

EMULSIONS - MANUFACTUREEMULSIONS - MANUFACTURE

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 24

EMULSIONS - USESEMULSIONS - USES• Slow Setting (SS)

– Prime coats, fog seals, dense-graded cold mixes

• Medium Setting (MS)– Open graded cold asphalt-aggregate

mixtures

• Rapid Setting– Surface treatments, Tack coat

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 25

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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 32

Asphalt BindersAsphalt Binders

Background

History of Specifications

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 33

Purchasing of Asphalt BindersPurchasing of Asphalt Binders

• Need to be able to specify desirable characteristics

• “Desirable characteristics” have evolved over time and with increasing technological advances

• Purchasing requires specifications

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 34

Early SpecificationsEarly Specifications

• Lake Asphalts– Appearance– Solubility in carbon disulfide

• Petroleum asphalt binders (early 1900’s)– Consistency

• Chewing• Penetration machine

– Measure consistency

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 35

Penetration TestingPenetration Testing• Sewing machine needle

• Specified load, time, temperature

100 g

Initial

Penetration in 0.1 mm

After 5 seconds

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 36

Penetration SpecificationPenetration Specification

• Five Grades• 40 - 50

• 60 - 70

• 80 - 100

• 120 - 150

• 200 - 300

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 37

Penetration Gradation Penetration Gradation SpecificationSpecification

• Uses penetration results to specify

• Adds– Flash point test

– Ductility

– Solubility

– Thin film oven aging• Penetration• Ductility

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 38

Flash Point (Safety)Flash Point (Safety)

Thermometer

Cup filled with asphalt binder

Wand attached to gas line

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 39

DuctilityDuctility

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 40

Solubility (Purity)Solubility (Purity)

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 41

Thin Film OvenThin Film Oven

Outside of Oven Rotating Shelf

Pan Thermometer

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 42

Typical Penetration Typical Penetration SpecificationsSpecifications

Penetration 40 - 50 200 - 300

Flash Point, F 450+ 350+

Ductility, cm 100+ 100+

Solubility, % 99.0+ 99.0+

Retained Pen., % 55+ 37+

Ductility, cm NA 100+

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 43

Road Note 19 GuidelineRoad Note 19 Guideline

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 44

Temperature25C (77F)

Pen

etra

tio

n, 0

.1 m

m

High

Medium

Low

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 45

AdvantagesAdvantages

• Grades asphalt binders near average in-service temp.

• Fast

• Can be used in field labs

• Low capital costs

• Precision well established

• Temp. susceptibility can be determined

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 46

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

• Empirical test

• Shear rate – High

– Variable

• Mixing and compaction temp. information not available

• Similar penetrations at 25C (77F) do not reflect wide differences in asphalts

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 47

.1.1

.2.2

.3.3

.5.5

11

1010

55

100100 110110 120120 130130 140140 150150 160160 170170 180180 190190 200200

Temperature, CTemperature, C

Viscosity, Pa sViscosity, Pa s

Compaction RangeCompaction Range

Mixing RangeMixing Range

Mixing/Compaction TempsMixing/Compaction TempsViscosity 1.7±0.2 and 2.8±0.3

Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 48

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?