Transcript
A visit to
America 20+ years of the 20th Century
Introduction to American Art and Visual Culture – Lecture 3
Defining ‘modern’
‘modernization’ – artists are reacting to dominant traditions and change occurs in reaction to industry, urbanization, technology, and nationalism.
‘ modernism’ – the culture that emerged in the 19c that includes the ideas, beliefs and modes of perception which formed a movement to reject convention.
Contemporary?
It is December 31, 1899…you can make one wish for
the 20th century.
What would you wish for if you could go back in time?
Art Schools in 1900
Chicago Art Institute 1879
Art Student’s League NYC 1875
Harvard 1874 (Charles Elliot Norton)
National Academy of Art and Design, NYC 1825
Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia 1805
The “Eight” [Ashcan School]• unified by subject matter rather than style• 1908 exhibition
Arthur DaviesWilliam Glackens*Robert HenriErnest Lawson*George Luks*Maurice PrendergastEverett Shinn*John Sloan
Why do art styles seem to move forward through
reaction to a previous style.
Is this strategy still possible in the 21c?
Ashcan SchoolDefining an American Style
The Ash Can School was more revolutionary in its subject matter rather than its style. The Ash Can school artists sought to paint "real life" and urban reality. These artists believed what was real and true in life was what was beautiful and what constituted "art." They painted gritty urban scenes and the poor and disenfranchised in America.
Robert Henri (1865-1929) The Art Student’s League of NYC
http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/by_artist.php?id=663For more of this artist’s work
John Sloan (1871-1951) Dust Storm on 5th Avenue (1906)
In 1906, the leading Ashcan artist Sloan moved with his wife to quarters on New York's West 23rd Street, a block and a half west of Madison Square and the renowned Fuller ("Flatiron") Building. On June 10, 1906, Sloan noted in his diary: "In the afternoon, walking on Fifth Avenue, we were on the edge of a beautiful wind storm, the air full of dust and a sort of panicky terror in all the living things in sight." A day later, he had begun to paint the scene, emphasizing the hurly-burly elicited by the swirl of dust. Sloan also tells a story about the city's growth. Indeed, it was the presence of the Flatiron Building—completed in 1902 and the only skyscraper in a low-rise neighborhood—that created the wind-tunnel effect in Madison Square that Sloan described.
Edwin Porter’s The Great Train Robbery (1903)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bc7wWOmEGGY
Comedy in Early Film
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvNtn3yZxDU
DW Griffith’s Birth of a Nation (1915)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxSSFPuK39I
KKK
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CTG58jIlNA&feature=fvw
The Gibson Girl (1900)
• "Gibson Girl" became a model for fashion mimicked by women and admired by men, while the adventures of "Mr. Pipp" amused his audience and his satirical drawings provided social commentary. His drawings appeared in such popular magazines as Scribner's, Harpers, Collier's, and The Century. His images permeated popular culture, appearing in such non-print items as wallpaper, china plates, matchboxes and umbrella stands in much the same way that today's popular icons grace T-shirts and sweat shirts.
Nature as inspirationstayed around for a decade into the 20c.
Some Americans (like Morris, Pugin, and other Brits) reacted to industrializationby adhering to a philosophyof the handmade.
Louis Sullivan 1856- 1924Defining American Architecture
an American architect, who has been called the "father of modernism." He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and an inspiration to the Chicago group of architects who have come to be known as the Prairie School.
Most Significant in Becoming “Modern” in America1913 Armory Show in NYC that brought European Avant-Garde to America
• Partial list of the artistsRobert Ingersoll Aitken, Alexander Archipenko, George Grey Barnard, Chester Beach, Gifford Beal, George Bellows, Joseph Bernard, Guy Pène du Bois, Oscar Bluemner, Pierre Bonnard, Gutzon Borglum, Antoine Bourdelle, Constantin Brancusi, Georges Braque, Patrick Henry Bruce, Paul Burlin, Charles Camoin, Arthur Carles, Mary Cassatt, Paul Cézanne, Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, Camille Corot, Gustave Courbet, Henri-Edmond Cross, Leon Dabo, Andrew Dasburg, Honoré Daumier, Stuart Davis, Arthur B. Davies, Edgar Degas, Eugène Delacroix, Robert Delaunay, Maurice Denis, André Derain, Marcel Duchamp, Raoul Dufy, Jacob Epstein, Roger de La Fresnaye, Othon Friesz, Paul Gauguin, William Glackens, Albert Gleizes, Vincent van Gogh, Marsden Hartley, Childe Hassam, Robert Henri, Edward Hopper, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, James Innes, Augustus John, Wassily Kandinsky, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Leon Kroll, Walt Kuhn, Gaston Lachaise, Marie Laurencin, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Fernand Léger, Jonas Lie, George Luks, Aristide Maillol, Édouard Manet, Henri Manguin, John Marin, Albert Marquet, Henri Matisse, Alfred Henry Maurer, Claude Monet, Adolphe Monticelli, Edward Munch, Walter Pach, Jules Pascin, Francis Picabia, Pablo Picasso, Camille Pissarro, Maurice Prendergast, Odilon Redon, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Theodore Robinson, Georges Rouault, Henri Rousseau, Albert Pinkham Ryder, Georges Seurat, Charles Sheeler, Walter Sickert, Paul Signac, Alfred Sisley, John Sloan, Joseph Stella, John Henry Twachtman, Félix Vallotton, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Jacques Villon, Édouard Vuillard, Abraham Walkowitz, J. Alden Weir, James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Jack B. Yeats, William Zorach, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso ]
Most Significant in Becoming “Modern” in AmericaAlfred Stieglitz, his magazine “Camera Work,” and his exhibitions at 291 Gallery of Matisse, Picasso, Rodin, and CezanneRead more at: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1248/is_9_89/ai_78334694/
Picasso and Braque Exhibition (1915)
Most Significant in Becoming “Modern” in America Duchamp’s antics
Read more: http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/27/duchamp.php
Child Labor
The 1890 census revealed that more than one million children, ten to fifteen years old, worked in America.
That number increased to two million by 1910. Industries employed children as young as five or six to work as many as eighteen to twenty hours a day.
The Chrysler Building
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQfc8YheJEA&feature=PlayList&p=C2640B3C11EE9F81&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=48
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Read short stories from “The Jazz Age” online
I particularly like “The Curious Case of Benjamin Button”
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