Transcript
THESIS WRITING
Dr. D.Y. Patil College Of Pharmacy, Akurdi.
Presented By,
Asmita Rajendra MagareM. Pharm 1st year (QAT)
Guided By,Ms. S. C. Daswadkar
( Assistant Professor)
Contents
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Introduction
Structure of thesis
Thesis writing tips
References
Introduction
A thesis is a written record or research report
of the work that has been undertaken by a
candidate.
A thesis is evidence of the candidate’s
capacity to carry out independent research
under the guidance of a guide or supervisor,
and to analyse and communicate the
significant results of that work.3
What’s in the thesis?
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Addresses a problem or series
of problems
Describes what was known about the
problem(s)
What you did to solve the problems
What you think the results
means
How further progress can be
made
Primary pages
Introduction
Literature review
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Conclusions
References and appendices
Structure of Thesis
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May vary among institutions.
Provide the information about
- Title of the thesis
- Candidate’s name
- Supervisors name
- Name of department and university
- Month and year of submission
Title page
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issued by the supervisor indicating that the work
submitted by the student is the original piece of
work carried out by the student & this has not
been submitted to any other degree or diploma.
Certificate
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Declaration
Declaration by the candidate stating that the results
submitted are the original work and that these have
not been submitted to any other University for award
of any other degree or certificate
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It is important to acknowledge the supervisors and
who have helped for completion of project work .
Thanks to those who have helped contributed both
scientifically and also personally like providing
material, money or moral support.
Acknowledgement
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List all the abbreviations both standard and non-
standard used and the symbols used.
Abbreviations save the space and time, hence it is
very convenient to use abbreviation for lengthy word
and phrases.
The list of abbreviation can act as a useful guide for
reading the thesis.
Abbreviation and symbol
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Example of symbol used
Example of abbreviation used
• Abstract is the most widely read part of the thesis.
• The abstract should include statement of the
problem, as well as summary of methodology, findings
and conclusions.
Abstract
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• avoid including lengthy explanations or opinions.
The thesis must have a table of contents page
listing chapter headings and sub-headings with
page numbers.
The preliminary pages are numbered using roman
numbers (i ,ii, iii, ….) and the remainder of thesis
is numbered using Arabic numbers (1,2,3, …).
Table of contents
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• To be written before the abstract. introduce the topic
in an interesting manner. first one or two paragraphs
need not be in a scientific language.
• State its importance. broader view of the problem
and narrow down to the point. briefly point out how the
problem has been addressed till now.
Introduction
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What to write in the Introduction?
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• Provide comprehensive &critical review of the majorfindings in the area.
What do we know about the
topic?
• Identifying what the gaps in ourcurrent understanding of thefield are, and why it is importantthat these gaps be closed.
What we don’t know (gap in knowledge)
• A clear statement summarizingwhat’s known , what needs to belearned, and what your paperaims to accomplish.
What we are now showing
Writing Good Introduction
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What is Known?
What is
Un-know?
Why the Study was done?
Should cover all the work that has been carried out by
workers in this area. References should be appropriately
cited. Point out what has been done till date make sure
you don’t omit any relevant papers.
A ‘literature review’ is the documentation of the
related work done by other researcher including its
merits and demerits.
Literature review
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In some cases there is the requirement for inclusion of
middle chapters containing some theory.
It may be required to establish a theory, describe the
techniques used for testing the proposed theory.
The middles chapter(s)
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Varies from thesis to thesis.
Absent in theoretical cases.
Protocols should be described in detail along with
the proper references.
Provide detailed methodology used to conduct the
experiment.
Highlight critical steps or precaution
Material and method
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IF THE THESIS IS THEORETICAL
If you are reporting theoretical work that is not
original make sure you include sufficient material to
allow the reader to understand the arguments used and
their basis.
Do not include any material that can be found in a
standard text.
Do not include theory that is not related to your work.
Concentrate equally on the physical arguments and
the equations.
Order in which you did the work may not the same as
the order of presentation. 25
Results in the same order as the order of
experiments.
describe briefly the experiment and indicate the
results obtained.
Discuss each set of experimental results in the
light of reported literature and comment on
similarities or variations if any.
Result and discussion
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Data presentation -
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Result and discussion….
Tables can be used to display precise numeric values.
Figures are better for conveying trends or proportions.
Clear charts, photographs, and drawings can quickly convey the primary findings of research.
All statistical analyses, where appropriate, should be described.
Summary of conclusions to be given point wise .
Conclusions are not a rambling summary of the thesis.
All conclusions should be directly related to the
research question stated.
Has your work produced any interesting results that
need further investigations.
Suggestions for further work.
Conclusion
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How to write a conclusion?
•What is the strongest and most important statement that
you can make from your observations?
•Refer back to problem posed, and describe the
conclusions that you reached from carrying out this
investigation.
•Summarize new observations, new interpretations,
and new insights that have resulted from the present
work.29
Reference
It is important that the research should go to the primary
sources of information and collect the references from
original articles published in a journal or a reprint
obtain from the author.
follow a standard format for references. Reference
style should not be changing for each reference.
The most important thing is that once the system is
selected is used throughout the text.30
Harvard-system
• Widely used in social sciences.
• Eg: Padda, J. (2003) ‘creative writing in coventry'. Journal ofwriting studies 3 (2), 44-59.
Vancouver-system
• used in natural and medical sciences.
• Eg: Haas AN, Susin C, Albandar JM, et al. Azithromycin as aadjunctive treatment of aggressive periodontitis: 12-monthsrandomized clinical trial. N Engl J Med. 2008 Aug; 35(8):696-704.
Systems for organizing the references
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Appendices
If there is material that should be in the thesis but each
would be breakup the flow or bore the reader
unbearably, include it as an appendix.
Some part which typically included in appendices are
•Approval letter from animal ethical committee.
•Important and original computer programmes.
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• Tables and figures, including caption which are
complicated and more than 1-2 pages.
• Complicated procedure and calculations.
Appendices…
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• Data files that are too large to be represented
simply in the results chapters.
Use proper tools for your research and your writing.
Divide the entire thesis into chapters, sections, subsections, paragraphs.
Avoid lengthy sentences.
Start to write as early as possible, even if it is only your random thoughts.
Thesis writing - tips
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Reference
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Chandrakant kokare, Shrikant kokate Research Methodology
First Edition Sep.2013. Nirali Prakashan Page. No : 8.1-8.24.
A.R.Madgulkar, N.S.Vyawahare, Miss.V.Bonsode Research
Methodology First Edition Sep.2013 page. No : 8.2-8.3
http://jntuh.ac.in/bulletin_board/Academic_regulations
1285946745.pdf
www.uni-hohenheim.de/fangmeier/How to write a thesis.pdf
http://www.siddharthapharmacy.com/downloads/M.Pharm
Required_Certificate_thesis_writing_format%20(1).pdf
file:///F:/gread/ThesisguidelinesGGNB201604.pdf
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Thank You
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