Asian Longhorned Beetle: The Threat in Black and White
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Asian Longhorned Beetle Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB): the Threat in (ALB): the Threat in Black and WhiteBlack and WhiteBlack and WhiteBlack and White
OKI R i l C ti C il’OKI R i l C ti C il’OKI Regional Conservation Council’s OKI Regional Conservation Council’s Annual MeetingAnnual MeetingApril 2, 2012April 2, 2012
Joe BoggsJoe BoggsOhio State University Ohio State University Extension Hamilton CountyExtension Hamilton County
Dan KennyDan KennyOhio Department of Ohio Department of AgricultureAgriculture
Paul BerringerPaul BerringerClermont CountyClermont CountySoil & WaterSoil & WaterExtension, Hamilton CountyExtension, Hamilton County
OSU Department of OSU Department of EntomologyEntomology
AgricultureAgriculture Soil & Water Soil & Water Conservation DistrictConservation District
Today’s ProgramToday’s ProgramToday s ProgramToday s Program
BBasic information on the biology impact andasic information on the biology impact andBBasic information on the biology, impact, and asic information on the biology, impact, and detection of Asian longhorned beetle (ALB)detection of Asian longhorned beetle (ALB)RRegulatory update: what’s being done andegulatory update: what’s being done andRRegulatory update: what s being done and egulatory update: what s being done and what’s being planned to eradicate ALB in what’s being planned to eradicate ALB in OhioOhioOhioOhioIInsights into impacts on property owners and nsights into impacts on property owners and
iti i Ohiiti i Ohicommunities in Ohiocommunities in Ohio
Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB) Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB) ((Anoplophora glabripennisAnoplophora glabripennis))
Family: CerambycidaeFamily: CerambycidaeLonghorned BeetleLonghorned BeetleLonghorned BeetleLonghorned Beetle
Family: CerambycidaeFamily: CerambycidaeRoundheaded BorerRoundheaded BorerRoundheaded BorerRoundheaded Borer
Dave Shetlar, OSU EntomologyDave Shetlar, OSU EntomologyALB is a HUGE beetle!ALB is a HUGE beetle! Male BeetleMale BeetleFemale Beetles are Even Bigger!Female Beetles are Even Bigger!
5 - 6 Instars: larval stages
TreeTree--Killing PhaseKilling Phasegg
All stages All stages exceptexcept the adults the adults ggcan survive the wintercan survive the winter
Adult beetles die after the Adult beetles die after the first substantial freezefirst substantial freeze
Tentative Phenology:Tentative Phenology:Beetles Begin to Emerge when Bottlebrush BuckeyeBeetles Begin to Emerge when Bottlebrush BuckeyeBeetles Begin to Emerge when Bottlebrush BuckeyeBeetles Begin to Emerge when Bottlebrush Buckeyebegins to bloom; sometime in latebegins to bloom; sometime in late--MayMay
ALB: Where Did it Come From?ALB: Where Did it Come From?ALB: Where Did it Come From?ALB: Where Did it Come From?
Native to Eastern Asia:Native to Eastern Asia:Native to Eastern Asia:Native to Eastern Asia:China and the KoreasChina and the Koreas
ALB: How Did it Get toALB: How Did it Get to??North America?North America?
What We Do KnowWhat We Do KnowWhat We Do KnowWhat We Do Know
C. McFarland, USDA APHISC. McFarland, USDA APHIS
U.S.: Fall Webworm (Native)U.S.: Fall Webworm (Native)China: American White Moth (NonChina: American White Moth (Non--Native)Native)
ALB Dispersal and SpreadALB Dispersal and SpreadALB Dispersal and SpreadALB Dispersal and SpreadNatural Spread:Natural Spread:Natural Spread:Natural Spread:1.1. Proximity of Proximity of
Infested TreesInfested Trees22 P l tiP l ti
Any Any Distance!Distance!
2.2. Population Population DensityDensity
Infested Tree Infested Tree TrimmingsTrimmings
Infested Logs Infested Logs or Firewoodor Firewood
Human Assisted Human Assisted SpreadSpread
"Hitch"Hitch--Hiking" on Hiking" on VehiclesVehicles
Based on Graphic by C. McFarland, USDA APHISBased on Graphic by C. McFarland, USDA APHIS
SpreadSpread
ALB Elsewhere in North AmericaALB Elsewhere in North AmericaALB Elsewhere in North AmericaALB Elsewhere in North America
Usually:Usually:Multiple InfestationsMultiple InfestationsALB Discovered in N. America in 1996:ALB Discovered in N. America in 1996:
11 USDA APHIS i i i t th 16USDA APHIS i i i t th 16ththMultiple Infestations Multiple Infestations in a Regionin a Region
1.1. USDA APHIS is moving into the 16USDA APHIS is moving into the 16thth year year battling ALB: they've learned a lot about battling ALB: they've learned a lot about ALB eradication!ALB eradication!ALB eradication!ALB eradication!
2.2. Eradication has worked elsewhere! Eradication has worked elsewhere!
Discovered in Brooklyn: 1996Discovered in Brooklyn: 1996Discovered in 1998Discovered in 1998Discovered in 2003Discovered in 2003Discovered in 2008Discovered in 2008
ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?We Don't Know ... !We Don't Know ... !
ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?What We Do KnowWhat We Do Know
Ohio's ALB population is not Ohio's ALB population is not li k d t th l ti ili k d t th l ti ilinked to other populations in linked to other populations in
North America North America The variance is due to the “founder The variance is due to the “founder effect;” new infestations in N Americaeffect;” new infestations in N America
DNA variance isDNA variance is veryvery slight; it's aboutslight; it's about
effect; new infestations in N. America effect; new infestations in N. America are usually started by only a few beetles are usually started by only a few beetles DNA variance is DNA variance is veryvery slight; it s about slight; it s about the same as seen in paternity tests! the same as seen in paternity tests!
ALB In OhioALB In OhioALB In OhioALB In Ohio
Quarantined on Quarantined on June 17 2011June 17 2011Property BoundariesProperty Boundaries June 17, 2011June 17, 2011
Quarantined on Quarantined on Sept. 9, 2011Sept. 9, 2011
G liti l B d iG liti l B d i
p yp y
Geopolitical BoundariesGeopolitical Boundaries
56 Square56 Square--MilesMiles
What does this mean?What does this mean?What does this mean?What does this mean?Regulated articles are prohibited from leavingRegulated articles are prohibited from leavingRegulated articles are prohibited from leaving Regulated articles are prohibited from leaving the regulated area the regulated area –– OAC 901:5OAC 901:5--5757--0101--04 04
-- Regulated articles are (A) Firewood, stumps, roots, branches, debris and Regulated articles are (A) Firewood, stumps, roots, branches, debris and other material living, dead, cut, or fallen from all hardwood species; and other material living, dead, cut, or fallen from all hardwood species; and green lumber, nursery stock and logs of the following genera: green lumber, nursery stock and logs of the following genera: AcerAcer (maple), (maple), AesculusAesculus (horse chestnut)(horse chestnut) AlbiziaAlbizia (mimosa)(mimosa) BetulaBetula (birch)(birch) CeltisCeltisAesculusAesculus (horse chestnut), (horse chestnut), AlbiziaAlbizia (mimosa), (mimosa), BetulaBetula (birch), (birch), CeltisCeltis(hackberry), (hackberry), CercidiphyllumCercidiphyllum (katsura), (katsura), FraxinusFraxinus (ash), (ash), KoelteriaKoelteria (golden (golden raintreeraintree), ), PlatanusPlatanus (sycamore), (sycamore), PopulusPopulus (poplar), (poplar), SalixSalix (willow), (willow), SorbusSorbus(mountainash), and(mountainash), and UlmusUlmus (elm).(elm).(mountainash), and (mountainash), and UlmusUlmus (elm). (elm).
-- It is illegal to cut firewood within Tate Township and transport it out of the It is illegal to cut firewood within Tate Township and transport it out of the regulated arearegulated arearegulated arearegulated area
What is the purpose of the What is the purpose of the Q ?Q ?Quarantine?Quarantine?
To stop the further spread of ALBTo stop the further spread of ALBTo stop the further spread of ALBTo stop the further spread of ALBEspecially to new areas, but also to more Especially to new areas, but also to more trees within the infested areatrees within the infested areatrees within the infested areatrees within the infested areaGOALGOAL: To eradicate ALB from Ohio: To eradicate ALB from Ohio
ALB Ohio SurveyALB Ohio SurveyALB Ohio SurveyALB Ohio Survey
Survey began inSurvey began inSurvey began in Survey began in Clermont County on Clermont County on July 1 2011July 1 2011July 1, 2011July 1, 2011As of March 24As of March 24thth::
99 416 t h b99 416 t h b–– 99,416 trees have been 99,416 trees have been surveyedsurveyed7 441 trees have been7 441 trees have been–– 7,441 trees have been 7,441 trees have been confirmed infested with confirmed infested with ALBALB The Survey is The Survey is ALB ALB yy
ContinuingContinuing
Trees Killed by ALBTrees Killed by ALBTrees Killed by ALB Trees Killed by ALB
ALB Host TreesALB Host TreesVery Good HostsVery Good Hosts Other HostsOther Hosts
Birch (Birch (BetulaBetula sppspp ))All Maples (All Maples (AcerAcer):):–– BoxelderBoxelder
NorwayNorway
Birch (Birch (Betula Betula sppspp..))Sycamore / Planetree Sycamore / Planetree ((Platanus Platanus sppspp..))
–– NorwayNorway–– RedRed–– SilverSilver
Poplar (Poplar (PopulusPopulus sppspp..))Mimosa (Mimosa (AlbiziaAlbizia julibrissinjulibrissin))Katsura (Katsura (CercidiphyllumCercidiphyllum–– SugarSugar
Horsechestnuts / Buckeyes Horsechestnuts / Buckeyes ((AescelusAescelus sppspp ))
Katsura (Katsura (CercidiphyllumCercidiphyllumjaponicumjaponicum))Ash (Ash (FraxinusFraxinus spp.)spp.)
Porterhouse SteakPorterhouse Steak
((AescelusAescelus sppspp..))Elms (Elms (UlmusUlmus sppspp..))Willow (Willow (Salix Salix sppspp..))
Goldenraintree (Goldenraintree (Koelreuteria Koelreuteria paniculatapaniculata))Mountainash (Mountainash (SorbusSorbus spp )spp )Mountainash (Mountainash (SorbusSorbus spp.)spp.)Hackberry (Hackberry (CeltisCeltis spp.)spp.)TT--Bone SteakBone Steak
DeadDeadR d M lR d M lRed Maple Red Maple
'Armstrong''Armstrong'
ALB tt k t fALB tt k t fALB attacks trees of ALB attacks trees of all sizes; randomly all sizes; randomly
A.J. Sawyer, USDA APHISA.J. Sawyer, USDA APHISC. McFarland, USDA APHISC. McFarland, USDA APHIS
yythroughout the tree!throughout the tree!
ALB Impact on OhioALB Impact on OhioALB Impact on OhioALB Impact on Ohio
ALB Host TreesALB Host TreesVery Good HostsVery Good Hosts
All M l (All M l (AA ))
Other HostsOther HostsBirch (Birch (BetulaBetula sppspp ))All Maples (All Maples (AcerAcer):):
–– BoxelderBoxelder–– NorwayNorway
Birch (Birch (Betula Betula sppspp..))Sycamore / Planetree Sycamore / Planetree ((Platanus Platanus sppspp..))Huge Concern!Huge Concern!yy
–– RedRed–– SilverSilver–– SugarSugar
Poplar (Poplar (PopulusPopulus sppspp..))Mimosa (Mimosa (AlbiziaAlbizia julibrissinjulibrissin))Katsura (Katsura (CercidiphyllumCercidiphyllum
Huge Concern!Huge Concern!–– SugarSugar
Horsechestnuts / Buckeyes Horsechestnuts / Buckeyes ((AescelusAescelus sppspp..))
Katsura (Katsura (CercidiphyllumCercidiphyllumjaponicumjaponicum))Ash (Ash (FraxinusFraxinus spp.)spp.)
Elms (Elms (UlmusUlmus sppspp..))Willow (Willow (Salix Salix sppspp..))
Goldenraintree (Goldenraintree (Koelreuteria Koelreuteria paniculatapaniculata))Mountainash (Mountainash (SorbusSorbus spp )spp )Mountainash (Mountainash (SorbusSorbus spp.)spp.)Hackberry (Hackberry (CeltisCeltis spp.)spp.)
Economic Impact: OhioEconomic Impact: OhioEconomic Impact: OhioEconomic Impact: OhioOhio’s hardwood forests: more than $2.5Ohio’s hardwood forests: more than $2.5Ohio s hardwood forests: more than $2.5 Ohio s hardwood forests: more than $2.5 billion in standing maple timberbillion in standing maple timberOhio ranks 4Ohio ranks 4thth in the U.S. in maple syrupin the U.S. in maple syrupOhio ranks 4Ohio ranks 4 in the U.S. in maple syrup in the U.S. in maple syrup productionproductionOhio's $5 billion nursery industry whichOhio's $5 billion nursery industry whichOhio s $5 billion nursery industry which Ohio s $5 billion nursery industry which employs nearly 240,000 peopleemploys nearly 240,000 peopleLandscapes: the impact of losing some of theLandscapes: the impact of losing some of theLandscapes: the impact of losing some of the Landscapes: the impact of losing some of the most common tree species in commercial most common tree species in commercial and home landscapingand home landscapingp gp g
Environmental Impact: OhioEnvironmental Impact: OhioEnvironmental Impact: OhioEnvironmental Impact: Ohio
Loss of “keystone species” in forestLoss of “keystone species” in forestLoss of keystone species in forest Loss of keystone species in forest ecosystems = substantial changesecosystems = substantial changes
Loss of wildlife habitatLoss of wildlife habitat–– Loss of wildlife habitatLoss of wildlife habitat–– Increased encroachment of nonIncreased encroachment of non--native invasive native invasive
plantsplantsplantsplantsIncreased stormwater runoffIncreased stormwater runoffEt tEt tEtc., etc.Etc., etc.
Trees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and Stormwater
Trees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterCombined Sewer Systems (CSS) = Combined Sewer Systems (CSS) = C bi d S O fl (CSO)C bi d S O fl (CSO)Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)“Every year, about 14.1 “Every year, about 14.1 billion gallons of billion gallons of raw sewage raw sewage –– mixed with storm water mixed with storm water ––overflows from our sewers into local overflows from our sewers into local t dt d i ”i ”streams and streams and rivers ...”rivers ...”
“Under “Under the new notification program, the new notification program, MSD ill i CSO d i hMSD ill i CSO d i hMSD will issue a CSO advisory when a MSD will issue a CSO advisory when a rainfall of .25 inches or more is predicted rainfall of .25 inches or more is predicted or recorded for Hamiltonor recorded for Hamilton County ”County ”or recorded for Hamilton or recorded for Hamilton County...”County...”
Quoted source: MSD WebsiteQuoted source: MSD Website
Trees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and Stormwater
March, 2011, Storm SystemMarch, 2011, Storm System
EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration
Trees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and Stormwater
March, 2011, Storm SystemMarch, 2011, Storm System
20” DBH maple intercepts20” DBH maple intercepts20” DBH maple intercepts20” DBH maple intercepts5,384 gallons of stormwater runoff 5,384 gallons of stormwater runoff
llllannuallyannually
“G ” G“G ” G“Green” Grows“Green” Grows
Trees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterMaple: Gallons Maple: Gallons of Stormwater Runoff of Stormwater Runoff
Intercepted AnnuallyIntercepted Annually
70008000
r
Intercepted AnnuallyIntercepted Annually
400050006000
s of
Wat
er
100020003000
Gal
lons
01000
5" 10" 15" 20" 25"DBHDBH
http://www.treebenefits.com/calculator/http://www.treebenefits.com/calculator/
Trees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and Stormwater
“U.S. EPA has mandated that MSD capture, treat, or “U.S. EPA has mandated that MSD capture, treat, or remove 85% of the 14 billion gallons of combinedremove 85% of the 14 billion gallons of combinedremove 85% of the 14 billion gallons of combined remove 85% of the 14 billion gallons of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and eliminate all sanitary sewer overflows (CSOs) and eliminate all sanitary
sewer overflows (SSOs), about sewer overflows (SSOs), about 100 million gallons100 million gallons.”.”
That’s 18,574 20” Maple Trees That’s 18,574 20” Maple Trees
Cincinnati could lose 21,250 Cincinnati could lose 21,250 Street Trees to ALBStreet Trees to ALBStreet Trees to ALBStreet Trees to ALB
(Source: Cincinnati Urban Forestry) (Source: Cincinnati Urban Forestry)
How Does ALB Kill How Does ALB Kill Trees?Trees?
These Alien Larvae Have These Alien Larvae Have POWERFUL Mandibles!POWERFUL Mandibles!
It's the larvae that kills trees!It's the larvae that kills trees!
A ShortA Short SegwaySegwayA Short A Short SegwaySegway
Tree Trunk BasicsTree Trunk BasicsBarkBark
PhloemPhloemPhloemPhloemCambiumCambium
Sugars / Sugars / Carbohydrates flow Carbohydrates flow downdown and and upup the the t th h th t th h th tree through the tree through the PhloemPhloem
Cambium cells Cambium cells
XylemXylemdivide to become divide to become Phloem and XylemPhloem and Xylem
Water and nutrients Water and nutrients flow up the tree flow up the tree through the Xylemthrough the Xylem
Graphic by Joe Boggs, OSU ExtensionGraphic by Joe Boggs, OSU Extension
Ring Porous TreesRing Porous TreesggBarkBark
PhloemPhloemWater is transported Water is transported
ll th h th th h th PhloemPhloemonlyonly through the through the current annual ringcurrent annual ring CambiumCambium
AshAshBlack LocustBlack Locust
Ash TreesAsh TreesElmElmHickoryHickoryHoneylocustHoneylocust
XylemXylem
HoneylocustHoneylocustOakOak
Graphic by Joe Boggs, OSU ExtensionGraphic by Joe Boggs, OSU Extension
Our Other NonOur Other Non--Native Native BorerBorerBorerBorer
Emerald Ash Borer Emerald Ash Borer T liT liTunnelingTunneling
Phloem, Cambium, and Outer Phloem, Cambium, and Outer Xylem Ring are DestroyedXylem Ring are DestroyedLate InstarsLate InstarsEarly InstarsEarly Instars Xylem Ring are Destroyed Xylem Ring are Destroyed yy
Phloem is an Effective ZonePhloem is an Effective Zonefor Systemic Insecticidesfor Systemic Insecticides
Synchronized DeathSynchronized Death
Graphic by Joe Boggs, OSU ExtensionGraphic by Joe Boggs, OSU Extension
Early DamageEarly Damage Eventual DamageEventual Damage
Diffuse Porous TreesDiffuse Porous Trees
Water is transported Water is transported th h l th h l
BarkBark
PhloemPhloemthrough several through several annual ringsannual rings
PhloemPhloemCambiumCambium
BirchBirchBeechBeechDogwoodDogwoodMapleMaplePoplarPoplar
XylemXylemMaple TreesMaple TreesPoplarPoplar
SycamoreSycamoreSpruces, Pines,Spruces, Pines,Firs HemlockFirs Hemlock
Graphic by Joe Boggs, OSU ExtensionGraphic by Joe Boggs, OSU Extension
Firs, HemlockFirs, Hemlock
Asian Longhorned Beetle Asian Longhorned Beetle T liT liTunnelingTunneling
11stst 22ndnd I tI t11stst –– 22ndnd InstarsInstars
Not an Effective ZoneNot an Effective Zone33rdrd –– 55thth InstarsInstars
Not an Effective ZoneNot an Effective Zonefor Systemic Insecticidesfor Systemic Insecticides
Not an Effective ZoneNot an Effective ZoneALB Final Stage LarvaALB Final Stage Larva
Graphic by Joe Boggs, OSU ExtensionGraphic by Joe Boggs, OSU Extension
Early DamageEarly Damagefor Systemic Insecticidesfor Systemic Insecticides
Asian Longhorned Beetle Asian Longhorned Beetle T liT liTunnelingTunneling
11stst 22ndnd I tI t
Phloem and Cambium Phloem and Cambium are Destroyed are Destroyed Look at Ends of BranchesLook at Ends of Branches
11stst –– 22ndnd InstarsInstars
Thinning CanopyThinning Canopyis is NOTNOT a Reliable Diagnostic a Reliable Diagnostic
Symptom for DetectingSymptom for DetectingNewly Developing Infestations!Newly Developing Infestations!
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