AS Religious Ethics Revision Deontology & Kant. DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS based on the idea that an act’s claim to being right or wrong is independent of the.
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AS Religious AS Religious EthicsEthics
RevisionRevision
Deontology & KantDeontology & Kant
DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICSDEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS
based on the idea that an based on the idea that an act’s claim to being right act’s claim to being right
or wrong is independent of or wrong is independent of the consequences of that the consequences of that
action.action.
As opposed toAs opposed to
TELEOLOGICAL ETHICSTELEOLOGICAL ETHICS
bases its judgements bases its judgements on the outcome of the on the outcome of the
action or its action or its consequences.consequences.
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
Based on Based on rationalismrationalism and and empiricismempiricism
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
BUTBUT
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
thought that the rationalists thought that the rationalists claimed too much for claimed too much for
reason, and the empiricists reason, and the empiricists emphasised sense emphasised sense
experience too muchexperience too much
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
So, he went for a So, he went for a compromise!compromise!
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
all our knowledge of the all our knowledge of the world comes from world comes from
sensationsensation
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
BUTBUT
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
Reason determines Reason determines howhow we perceive the we perceive the
world around us!world around us!
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
We perceive the We perceive the world initially in world initially in timetime and and spacespace
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
These two ‘These two ‘forms of forms of intuitionintuition’’ precede any precede any
experience that we experience that we might havemight have
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
People are aware of People are aware of a moral law at work a moral law at work
within themwithin them
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
NOT NOT as a vague feeling of as a vague feeling of something being right something being right
or wrongor wrong
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
But as But as
a direct experience of a direct experience of something powerfulsomething powerful
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
Two things fill the mind with ever Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration new and increasing admiration and awe the oftener and more and awe the oftener and more
steadily we reflect on them: the steadily we reflect on them: the starry heavens above me starry heavens above me and the and the
moral law within memoral law within me
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
We have a We have a moralmoral obligationobligation to to actact in a in a
certain waycertain way
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
DUTYDUTY
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
His exploration of His exploration of what is good began what is good began with the with the good willgood will
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
The attributes of the The attributes of the mind that are mind that are
considered desirable considered desirable can also be subverted can also be subverted into something badinto something bad
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
These desirable mental These desirable mental attributes (intelligence, wit, attributes (intelligence, wit,
and so on) and the desires of and so on) and the desires of most people for fame and most people for fame and
fortune are held in check by fortune are held in check by the the good willgood will..
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
Thus, the good will Thus, the good will is essential for is essential for
happinesshappiness
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
Kant rooted the moral Kant rooted the moral choice in the will of the choice in the will of the
agentagent – we are each – we are each responsible for our own responsible for our own
actions!actions!
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
The exercise of a person’s The exercise of a person’s free will in an action free will in an action
becomes the basis on becomes the basis on which that action is which that action is
judged.judged.
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
He believed that the senses He believed that the senses (happiness or pleasure) could (happiness or pleasure) could
not be the source of moral not be the source of moral choicechoice (and thus rejected (and thus rejected
teleological theories)teleological theories)
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
He considered the He considered the reasonsreasons a person might a person might have for carrying out an have for carrying out an
actact
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
Which is why you have Which is why you have to learn his example of to learn his example of
the ‘honest’ the ‘honest’ shopkeeper!shopkeeper!
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
Kant argued that we Kant argued that we follow a moral follow a moral
command because we command because we feel that it is our DUTYfeel that it is our DUTY
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
But how do we But how do we know what our know what our
duty is?duty is?
KANT’S PHILOSOPHYKANT’S PHILOSOPHY
The The CategoricalCategoricalImperative!Imperative!
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