APA References

APA References

PSY 311

In-Text Citations• Placed in the body of the paper when using information from another source

• Include author(s) and date:

Kessler (2003) found that among epidemiological samples...

OR

Early onset results in a more persistent and severe course (Kessler, 2003).

In-Text Citations • For sources with 3 or more authors:

Cite all authors the FIRST time you use the reference

If the reference is cited again, include the first author, followed by et al. and the year.

• First citation:Kisangau, Lyaruu, Hosea, and Joseph (2007) found...

• Subsequent citations:Kisangau et al. (2007) also found...

OR• First citation:This has been supported by research (Kisangau, Lyaruu, Hosea, & Joseph, 2007).• . Subsequent citations:

This has been supported by research (Kisangau et al., 2007).

In-Text Citations • What if there are 6 or more authors?

For example: Park, Armelli, Guitar, Darragh, Huxley, Darwin, & Tennen

• Use et al. for the first/every in-text citation EXCEPT in the Reference section cite ALL authors

Problem-focused coping is more adaptive when the stressoris controllable (Park et al., 2004).

ORPark et al. (2004) found problem-focused coping to be more adaptive

when the stressor was controllable.

In-Text Citations• Use and in the running text

Park, Armelli, and Tennen (2004) found problem-focused coping to be more adaptive when the stressor was controllable.

• Use & in parenthetical material, the reference list, tables, and captions

Problem-focused coping is more adaptive when the stressor is controllable (Park, Armelli, & Tennen, 2004).

In-Text Citations• What if an author published two works in the same year and both need to be cited?

For example:

Guitar published in May 2011 vs. Guitar published in December 2011

Guitar (2011a) found problem-focused coping to be more adaptive when the stressor was controllable.

ORProblem-focused coping is more adaptive when the stressor is controllable (Guitar, 2011a, 2011b).

In-Text Citations• What if I want to support a claim with references to multiple authors?

Use a semicolon to separate authors

List in alphabetical order

Previous studies have shown that problem-focused coping is more adaptive when the stressor is controllable (Carmen & Guitar, 2004; Guitar, 2011a; Park et al., 2004).

In-Text Citations• Citing an article from a website

• Author and date Past research has suggested this effect (Guitar, 2011).

• Institution Training materials are available (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001)

for those interested in further research.

In-Text Citations• What if the website doesn’t list all of the

needed info?

• No author?(Anonymous, 1998)

• No date?(Guitar, n.d.)

• No author or date?ASK YOURSELF: SHOULD I REALLY BE CITING

THIS???

APA Reference Section• After the body of the paper

• The APA Publication Manual presents 95 variations of reference style

• 4 major types of sources:

1) Journal articles2) Books3) Book Chapters4) Internet sources

Journal Articles

For the title, use all lowercase letters except for proper nouns and after punctuation marks.

Author(s) (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume, Pages.

Park, C. L., Armeli, S., & Tennen, H. (2004). Appraisal-coping

goodness of fit: A daily internet study. Personality and Social

Psychology Bulletin, 30, 558-569.

A Book

For the title, use all lowercase letters except for proper nouns and after punctuation marks.

Author(s) (Year). Title of book. Location: Publisher.

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping.

Boulder, CO: Springer Publishing Company.

A Chapter in an Edited Book (Single Editor)

Ed. refers to a SINGLE editorEds. refers to MULTIPLE editors

Author(s) (Year). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) (Eds.), Title of Book (Pages). Location: Publisher.

Carver, C. S. (2007). Stress, coping, and health. In R. C. Silver

(Ed.), Foundations of Health Psychology (pp. 45-67). Oxford:

Oxford University Press.

A Chapter in an Edited Book (Multiple Editors)

The title of the chapter is in lowercase (except after punctuation marks and for proper nouns)

The Title Of The Book Is In Uppercase.

Author(s) (Year). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) (Eds.), Title of Book (Pages). Location: Publisher.

Carver, C. S. (2007). Stress, coping, and health. In H. S. Friedman &

R. C. Silver (Eds.), Foundations of Health Psychology

(pp. 45-67). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Internet SourceIf the URL extends to the next line, break it after a slash or period.

Author(s) (Year). Title of web page. Accessed on Date at Address.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007). Prevalence data.

Accessed on September 8, 2010, at http://www.cdc.gov/

nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/childhood/prevalence.html

QUESTIONS?

APA References

CITE

*Find at least 3 Errors in the Citation*

Team One

Richard S. Lazarus, & Susan Folkman (1984). Stress,

appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing

Company: New York

Type of citation:

________________________________________

Team Two

Richard S. Lazarus, & Susan Folkman (1984). Stress,

appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing

Company: New York

Type of citation:

________________________________________

Book Book

*Find at least 3 Errors in the Citation*

Team One

C. L. Park et al. (2004). Appraisal-coping goodness of

fit: a daily internet study. Personality and Social

Psychology Bulletin, 30.

Type of citation:

________________________________________

Team Two

C. L. Park et al. (2004). Appraisal-coping goodness of

fit: a daily internet study. Personality and Social

Psychology Bulletin, 30.

Type of citation:

________________________________________

Journal article Journal article

*Find at least 3 Errors in the Citation*

Team One

C. S. Carver (2007). Stress, coping and health. In

Friedman, H. S. and Silver, R. C. (Ed.),

Foundations of Health Psychology (pp. 45-67).

Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Type of citation:

________________________________________

Team Two

C. S. Carver (2007). Stress, coping and health. In

Friedman, H. S. and Silver, R. C. (Ed.),

Foundations of Health Psychology (pp. 45-67).

Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Type of citation:

________________________________________

Chapter in Book Chapter in Book

*Find at least 3 Errors in the Citation*

Team One

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007).

Prevalence data, at http://www.cdc.gov/nccd

php/dnpa/obesity/childhood/prevalence.html

Type of citation:

________________________________________

Team Two

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007).

Prevalence data., at http://www.cdc.gov/nccd

php/dnpa/obesity/childhood/prevalence.html

Type of citation:

________________________________________

Internet Source Internet Source