AP World History 1750 – 1914 Overview (Periodization Question: Why 1750 –1914?)
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Industrialization changed Production Britain was the center (geography, distribution of coal and iron, demographic
changes/urbanization, B. entrepreneurialism access to foreign resources through colonialism, capitalism)
Factories and fossil fuel-based machines Colonialism = search for raw materials &
markets – new patterns of trade, capitalism and “New Imperialism” (China, India)
IR contributed to decline of agriculturally-based economies
Mining imp – gold/silver/diamonds (S. Africa,)
Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology
Modes of Transportation/ communication Impact of railroad, steam, telegraph Suez Canal, Panama Canal
Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology
Industrial Revolution: Financial Institutions, Responses Rationale of capitalism – Adam Smith, laissez-faire Stock market expansion, transnational businesses Impact of I.R. on family and work Relationship of nations during I.R.Have/have-not’s, nation response (Egypt,
China vs. Japan, Meiji reforms) Intellectual responses to I.R. – Marxism, socialism, utopianism, unions
- govt’s create state pensions, suffrage, education
Demographic/Environmental Changes Migration – Immigration
Why? Where?
Global Urbanization
Women take new rolesMigrant Males (labor)
Prejudice, racism & laws(Chinese Exclusion Act)
New transplant culture – think IS DBQ, Chinese & railroads, convict labor in Australia
Demographic and Environmental Changes End of Atlantic Slave Trade – capitalism and
Indentured servitude, voluntary migration New Birthrate Patterns Disease prevention
and eradication Food Supply Population RISES
Changes in Social and Gender Structure Industrial Revolution – women working and
then VICTORIAN ERA: at home Commercial developments Tension between work patterns and ideas
about gender Emancipation of Serfs
Slaves Suffrage
Nationalism, Revolution, Reform Enlightenment thought – political & individual rights &
freedoms (Voltaire, Rousseau, Locke, Montesquieu) – REVOLUTIONS! New documents (Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Rights of Man)
Abolition of slavery, expanded suffrage Development of nationalism (language, religion, culture, tdentiity byt erritory)
Revolutions in Americas led to New Imperialism Anti-colonial movements (Boxer Rebellion) led to reforms
(Tanzimat, Self-strengthening movements) and new ideologies (socialism, communism)
Europeans “self-superiority” – conservatism, new imperialism, social darwinism
Women’s Rights (Seneca Falls, Declaration of the Rights of Women, Wollstonecraft)
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Revolutions
Why Revolution now? Where?
United States (1776) France (1789) Haiti (1803) Mexico (1910) China (1911)
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Latin American Independence Movements Why?
Simon Bolivar
New Political Ideas Movements of Political Reform ag. Govt.
Jacobins in France Taiping Rebellion in China
New Political Ideas Rise of Democracy and its limitations
Reform Women Racism Social Darwinism
Herbert Spencer
Rise of Western Dominance, New Imperialism & Nation-States
Imperialism/Colonialism:
WHY:3 G’s; economic, national pride, social just.
HOW: Use of force, technology, cures, take advantage of African rivalries
Changes: “Old” (colonialism) to New Imperialism
ie. African continent, much of Asia, and Oceania Ethiopia, Liberia and Siam are the only independent
countries
Imperialism & Nation-State Reaction Industrial powers create transoceanic empires – British
(India), Dutch (Indonesia), American and Japan
Use of warfare & diplomacy to create empires Europeans establish settler colonies (British in S. Africa, Australia
and New Zealand)
Economic Imperialism (US and Britain in Latin America, Opium Wars in China, US influence over Tokugawa Japan leads to Meiji Transformation)
Anti-Imperial Resistance Movements Social Darwinism facilitated and justified imperialism
Social Darwinism, facilitated & justified imperialism
Rise of Western Dominance Cultural and Political Reactions to western
dominance (reform, resistance, rebellion, racism, nationalism) Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration Russia– Reforms and Rebellions Siam and Ethiopia-- defensive modernization China--Boxer Rebellion Islamic and Chinese responses compared
Impact of Changing European Ideologies on Colonial Administrations
Ottomans in 19th century – attempts at reform, but “sick man of Europe”
Young Turk Revolutionaries
The Last Sultans
CCOT and C&C ideas Industrial revolution in western Europe and Japan
(causes and early phases) Revolutions (American, French, Haitian,
Mexican, and Chinese) Reaction to foreign domination in Ottomans
empire, China, India and Japan.
Comparisons and CCOT Nationalism – changes/continuities over time;
compare between regions
Difference in forms of intervention in 19th century Latin America and Africa
Roles and conditions of upper/ middle versus working/ peasant class women in western Europe
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