A.P. United States History North and South Characteristics Characteristics of the North’s Economy Banking Shipping Insurance Small & large business ownership.

A.P. United States History

North and South Characteristics

• Characteristics of the North’s EconomyBankingShipping InsuranceSmall & large business ownership (creates a middle

class)High availability of wage laborersSome agriculture – both commercial and subsistence

A.P. United States History

North and South Characteristics

• Political Objectives of the NorthTariffs to protect the North’s growing industryFederal aid for infrastructure (allow business to

flourish)Loose immigration policy (provide cheap labor)Violability of free or cheap land in the West

(investment and customers)BankingContainment of slavery

A.P. United States History

North and South Characteristics

• Characteristics of the South’s EconomyDependence on plantation systemSlave laborMajority of white farmers in subsistence farmerYeoman farmers – small or medium sized

commercial farms – small proportion of white population

Small urban middle-class

A.P. United States History

North and South Characteristics

• Political Objectives of the SouthLow tariffs because of the planter class’ reliance on trade

with BritainExpansion of slaveryOpposition to cheap public land (West) which would make

the planter/slaveholder compete politically/economically and ideologically with independent farmers in the West. Make it more difficult for controlWould expose poor whites and even slaves to capitalist and

democratic views

December 20, 1860

Who is in charge of the United States now?

The War: The Opening Act

• Opening Shots:When:Where:How:Why:

The War: The Opening Act

• Opening Shots:When: April 12, 1861Where:How:Why:

The War: The Opening Act

• Opening Shots:When: April 12, 1861Where: Fort Sumter (off the coast of

Charleston, SC)How:Why:

The War: The Opening Act

• Opening Shots:When: April 12, 1861Where: Fort Sumter (off the coast of

Charleston, SC)How: Cannon volley (0 died in hostilities)Why:

The War: The Opening Act

• Opening Shots:When: April 12, 1861Where: Fort Sumter (off the coast of

Charleston, SC)How: Cannon volley (0 died in hostilities)Why: For a psychological military victory

The War: The Opening Act

• Opening Shots

• Lincoln Calls for 75,000 volunteers which leads to a.) 4 new states succeeding b.) moving of Conf. Capital to Richmond

• Trent Affair: Britain in the War?!?!?!

• Suspension of Writs of Habeas Corpus (Conf. Sympathizers arrested and held)

Strengths and Weaknesses!!!

WHO HAD THE EDGE…THE UNION OR THE CONFEDERATES…

1. POPULATION

2. TYPE OF WAR

3. ECONOMICS

4. GOVERNMENT

5. MILITARY LEADERSHIP

Strengths and Weaknesses!!!

POPULATION

• Union: 22 million

• Confederate: 6 million whites

Strengths and Weaknesses!!!

TYPE OF WAR

• Union: Offensive (had to conquer South)

• Confederate: Defensive

Strengths and Weaknesses!!!

Economics

• Union: More factories, wealth diverse economy

• Confederate: Backward economy/underdeveloped; relies on overseas demand of cotton

Strengths and Weaknesses!!!

Government

• Union: Strong, established central government

• Confederate: New and weak central government

Strengths and Weaknesses!!!

Military Leaders

• Union: Generals that understood the nature of “total war” (Grant/Sherman)

• Confederate: Initially better field generals (Lee and Jackson)