AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.
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AP Biology
Intro to Organic
Molecules & Lipids
AP Biology
Life is based on CarbonCarbon atoms are versatile building blocks
Special bonding propertiesHas 4 valence electrons so it can form 4 stable covalent bonds with other carbon atoms
or atoms of other elementsBonds with CHNOPS – the elements that make up
living things; Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
HH C
H
H
AP Biology
Lipids Lipids are organic molecules essential for
life that are composed mostly of C, H, O
4 types of lipidsfats (triglycerides)phospholipidssteroidswaxes
AP Biology
TriglyceridesFat molecules
Structure = 3 fatty acids chains linked to glycerolFunctions = long term energy storage and insulation
for animalsCan be saturated or unsaturated
Glycerol3 fatty acids
AP Biology
Saturated fatsAll C bonded to HNo C=C double bonds
long, straight chainmost animal fats and butter solid at room temperature
contributes to cardiovascular disease
AP Biology
Unsaturated fatsAt least one C=C double bond in
the fatty acidsplant & fish fats vegetable oils liquid at room temperature
AP Biology
Saturated vs. unsaturatedsaturated unsaturated
AP Biology
Phospholipids Structure: 2 fatty acids chains + phosphate head
Fatty acid chains = non-polar = hydrophobic “water fearing” Phosphate head = polar = hydrophillic “water loving”
Function: make up cell membranes (phospholipid bilayer)
AP Biology
SteroidsStructure: 4 fused Carbon rings examples:
cholesterol – Function =control the fluidity of the cell membrane
hormones – Function = regulate processes in the body (such as pregnancy)
vitamins (A, B, D) – Function = supports metabolism and cell processes
AP Biology
WaxesSolid at room tempInsoluble in waterFunction:
Protective covering for animals and plants
Examples:BeeswaxEarwaxCuticle of leaf (keeps water in)
AP Biology
What is the function of a triglyceride?
1 2 3 4
10%
0%
15%
75%1. Stores and transfers genetic information
2. Long term energy storage
3. Control the rate of reactions
4. Help to fight disease
AP Biology
Which type of lipid makes up the majority of the cell membrane?
1 2 3 4
79%
5%11%
5%
1. phospholipids2. waxes3. steroids4. triglycerides
AP Biology
Fats that have at least one double bond between Carbon atoms are called
1 2 3 4
65%
10%5%
20%
1. Unsaturated2. Saturated3. Glycerol4. Fatty Acids
AP Biology
Phospholipids have a
1 2
84%
16%
1. hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail
2. hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
AP Biology
Which of the following is an example of a steroid
1 2 3 4
12%
0%0%
88%1. Fatty acids2. Sex hormones3. Phospholipids4. Olive Oil
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