Anne Goodchild | Andrea Gagliano | Maura Rowell October 10, 2013
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Anne Goodchild | Andrea Gagliano | Maura RowellOctober 10, 2013
Examining Carrier Transportation Characteristics along the Supply
Chain
Regional Travel Modeling of Freight• Takes economic and landuse data as input • Often uses 4-step model – Gravity model for truck trip distribution– There is no truck mode choice model as all travel is
assumed to occur via the truck mode.– Estimates truck demand based on employment or
square footage– Often includes different truck sizes and times of
day• Serves as input to benefit/cost and emissions model
Purpose of the Study• Examine carriers and characterize statistically significant,
predictable transportation patterns at the regional and statewide level.
• Recommend ways to incorporate supply chain characteristics into regional models used by regional and statewide transportation planning organizations.
• The goal is not to capture all of the complexity of supply chain logistics but to identify discriminating categories from a transportation perspective.
Survey Design• 15-20 minute phone interview to illicit transportation
characteristics:– Fleet statistics– Carrier services– Travel distances– Time of day travel patterns– Company characteristics– Routing logic
• Questions were all asked at the strategic and aggregate level, rather than in reference to specific shipments.
• 522 responses from private and for-hire carriers
Key Question
Does your company own/operate facilities which require private transportation?o raw production facilityo manufacturing planto storage centero distribution centero retail store
If the respondent answered yes to any node carrier
If the respondent answered no to all link carrier
Analysis Methods• Continuous data: Welsh two sample t-test• Categorical data: Fisher comparison of proportions test
• Significant transportation characteristics:– delivery/pickup type– frequency– location– style– time of day– time windows
Weighting for Vehicles
Category Number of Carriers
Number of Vehicles
Link 422 15,664Node 116 1,882Raw/manufacturing 42 419Storage/distribution 32 600Retail 12 70Multi-node 29 793
Node carriers make fewer deliveriesPr
opor
tion
that
resp
onde
d “y
es”
Multiple Times a Day
Daily Weekly Monthly Less than Monthly
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Link
Node
Raw/Manufacturing
Storage/Distribution Center
Retail
Multi-Node
Link carriers visit fewer residences
Link node 0
102030405060708090
100
ResidentialBusiness
Prop
ortio
n th
at re
spon
ded
“yes
”
Link carriers most often visit distribution centers
Manufacturing Facility
Distribution Center
Intermodal Facility
0102030405060708090
100
Link Node
Prop
ortio
n th
at re
spon
ded
“yes
”
Link carriers operate early
Morning Daytime Evening Overnight0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Link Node
Prop
ortio
n th
at re
spon
ded
“yes
”
Link carriers have tighter time windows
Less than 30 Min 1 to 2 Hours Half Day All Day0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Link Node Raw/Manufacturing Storage/Distribution CenterRetail Multi-Node
Prop
ortio
n th
at a
nsw
ered
“ye
s”
Link carriers have less scheduled deliveries
Link
Node
Raw/M
anufactu
ring
Storag
e/Dist
ribution
Retail
Multi-Node
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
FCFSScheduled
Prop
ortio
n th
at a
nsw
ered
“ye
s”
Carrier Classification
Type of Carrier Classification Criteria
Link None
Node
Raw/Manufacturing Raw Manufacturing Raw and Manufacturing
Storage/Distribution Storage Distribution Storage and Distribution
Retail Retail
Multi-Link All other combinations
Recommendations
• Classifies carriers as node and link carriers
• Capture the differences in transportation characteristics between carrier types:– delivery/pickup type, – frequency, – location, – style, – time of day, – and time windows.
annegood@uw.edu
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