Transcript
KINGDOM PLANTAEVascular Plants Vascular Plants
Phylum TracheophytaPhylum Tracheophyta
SeedsSeedsSeeds Seeds ‘‘nakednaked’’
Seeds Seeds enclosedenclosed
GymnospermsGymnosperms
MONOCOTSMONOCOTSDICOTSDICOTS
AngiospermsAngiosperms
AngiospermsPhylum Tracheophyta
Fruits
Vegetables
Flowering Trees
Lilies
Cactus Flowers
Poppies
Orchids
Oddballs
Examples – flowering plantsfruit trees, vegetable plants, tulips, grass
Angiosperm Characteristics:
• Enclosed seeds and protected inside a fruit of the flower
• Have flowers• Vascular tissue• Alternation of
generations• Meristem tissue,
parenchyma, stoma, guard cells, and epidermis (cuticle)
Dermal tissue
• Epidermis – Contains guard cells which surround the stomata
(the hole in the leaf) that allows to control water retention or loss and amount CO2
– Releases waxy cuticle (prevents water from getting in or out)
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General cells• Parenchyma – site of metabolism and
photosythesis• Collenchyma (c for celery) – durable cells in
celery to provide support• Schlerenchyma – really durable tissue
(wooded portions). Eg. Hemp rope– Core of an apple– Grit on inside of pear
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Vascular
• Xylem – moving water (very internal)• Phloem – moves sugars up and down the
plant
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Growth of a plant• Story – “if you place a spike in a 16 ft tree 3 feet
up in a tree and came back 40 years later to a very tall tree (60 ft tall), where would that spike be?”– Same spot– Trees grow from roots and shoots, middle will stay the
same (bark will grow up)– Primary growth – apical meristem (like stem cell)
• RAM – root apical meristem (growing down) – root cap• SAM – shoot apical mertistem (growing up)
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Secondary growth
• Allows plants to get wider– Xyleum (water) and phoem (sugar) are produced
by vascular cambium– Cork cambium – makes waterproof cork– Rings are xyleum (seasons)
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Alternation of generations• There are female parts
and male parts to flowers• The ovules, or eggs, in
flowering plants are completely surrounded by the protective wall of the ovary, which will form the fruit. (ovule = megaspore)
• Pollen (microspore) is produced by the anthers and is the male part of the flower.
Alternation of generations continued
• Pollen is transferred from flower to flower by wind, a bee, an insect or other animal.
• These are called pollinators or pollinating agents.
• The stigma of the flower (female) is sticky so that as an insect crawls past it, the pollen sticks to the stigma.
• A pollen tube forms and grows from stigma to ovule
Double fertilization: alternation of generations
• Occurs where one sperm fertilizes the egg to form the seed
• The other sperm fertilizes the endosperm to form the fruit.
• Self- fertilization can occur
Angiosperm life cycle
Angiosperms are divided into 2 groups:
1. monocots
2. dicots
Monocots• Angiosperms whose
seeds have only one cotyledon or seed leaf.
• Have vascular bundles (xylem and phloem) scattered throughout the stem
• Leaf veins are parallel• Floral parts are in 3’s or
multiples of 3.Ex) grasses, wheat, corn,
water lilies, barley
Monocots
Dicots• Angiosperms whose
seeds have two cotyledons or seed leaves.
• Have vascular bundles arranged in a circle or ring in the stem
• Leaf veins are branched or netlike
• Floral parts are in 4’s or 5’s or multiples of 4 or 5.
Ex) oaks, cacti, maples
Moncots vs Dicots
Function of floral parts:Name of floral part Function of the part
Stamen – male partsAnther
Filament
Pollen
Pistil – female partsStigma
Ovary
Ovule
Style
Sepal
Petal
Function of floral parts ANSWERS:Name of floral part Function of the part
Stamen – male parts
Anther Produces pollen (with sperm inside)
Filament Raises anther so pollen can be dispersed or picked up by an insect
Pollen Vessel for dispersal of sperm
Pistil – female parts
Stigma Sticky to capture pollen
Ovary Becomes fruit to protect seed
Ovule Seeds
Style Protects pollen tube, raises stigma to catch pollen
Sepal Encloses flower bud, protection
Petal Attract pollinators
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