Transcript
ANCIENT GREECE
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
HELLAS:- South of the Baklan Peninsula- Coast of Asia Minor- Islands of the Aegean and Ionic Sea
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Not common things Common things
Mountainous topography and
islands
Political division
Each valley or island: polis (city-
state)
• Same civilization : same language, culture and religion.
• Mediterranean Sea: sea trade and communication network.
• Mediterranean climate: wheat, vines and olives.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
INFLUENCE IN THE WESTERN CIVILIZATION
- DEMOCRACY- LITERATURE (threatre, poetry, history)- PHYLOSOPHY- SCIENCE (Maths, Physics, Astronomy, Medicine)- ART
TIMELINE
MINOAN CIVILIZATION
Chronology 3000 - 1450 B. C.
Location Crete
Cities
Capital: Knossos. Cities with palaces (economic, political and religious centres)
Government
Monarchy: King Minos
Economy
Trade: they exported pottery, fabrics, bronze objects and goldsmithing
End Invaded by the Mycenaean
MINOAN CIVILIZATION
KNOSSOS PALACE
KNOSSOS PALACE: THE QUEEN’S ROOM
KNOSSOS PALACE: THE BULL-LEAPING (TAUROTACAPSIA)
KNOSSOS PALACE
VOLCANIC ERUPTION OF THIRA
Mycenaen civilization
Chronology 1600 - 1200 B. C.
Location
European Greece (Achaeans invaded the region)
Polis Capital: MyceanaeWalled cities
Government
MonarchyWarrior society
Economy
Agriculture and livestock. They controlled the metal trade
EndInvassion of the Dorians (from the North of Greece)
MYCENAE
TREASURY OF ATREUS
THE DARK AGE
- Chronology: 1200-750 B.C.
- Lack of information
- Introduction of iron
- Invassion of the Dorians
THE ARCHAIC PERIOD
POLIS:- Independent city-states- Own government, laws,
currency and army.- City and territory
around it.- Athens, Sparta,
Corinth, Thebes, Argos…
MONARCHY
• “The power of one person” = king (Basileus).
OLIGARCHY
• “The power of a few” = aristocrats (government of the best)
• Consultive assembly of citizens (no vote)
TYRANNY• Tyrant: aristocratic leader who defends the interests of
the citizens and did political and economic reforms
AthensRevolts (7th BC) and reforms (6th
BC)
Solón and CleisthenesRight of all citizens to
participare in the city’s
government
DemocracyPower of the
citizens (demos)
Social unrests (7th and 6th century BC) ask for reforms to favour the people
THE ARCHAIC PERIOD
GREEK COLONISATION
CAUSES
Population growth
Poor soil
Social inequality
Poor peasants
Famine
STAGES
1. Until 650 B.C. - Magna Graecia
(Italy)- Western
Mediterranean (Massalia, N of África)
2. from 650 B.C.:- Black Sea (Olbia,
Sinope)
COLONIES
Fertile lands close to the coast
Keep the polis organization and
links with the metropolis…
… but they were independent
CONSEQUENCES
Trade increases
Imports: food and metals
Exports: goods
Contacts with other people
Phoenicians, Etruscans,
Egyptians…
THE ARCHAIC PERIOD
Black Sea (Olbia, Sinope and Trebisonda)
Magna Graecia (Italy)
Western Mediterranean
(Massalia)
THE ARCHAIC PERIOD
THE ARCHAIC PERIOD
Penteconter
Bireme
Trireme
Using light ships, Greeks travelled along the coast in search of places to settle and trade with the indigenous people.
2. La época arcaica: las polis
GREEK AND PHOENICIAN COLONISATION IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA
GREEK POLIS OF AMPURIAS
THE CLASSICAL AGE (5th and 4th c. B.C.)
POLITICAL SYSTEM OF ATHENSCITIZENS
(male over 18 years old, from Athenian parents. around
40.000)
EKKLESIA(Citizens’ assembly. Vote laws, decide about
peace and war. Decide about ostracism)
POPULARTRIBUNALS (HELIE)
MAGISTRATES(execute Assembly’s
decisions)BOULÉ (COUNCIL OF THE 500)
(prepare the laws)
10 STRATEGISTS(head of the army, apply the law)
9 ARCHONS(civil affairs. Preside the tribunals and religious acts)
POLITICAL SYSTEM OF ATHENS
3. La época clásica (s. V – s. IV a.c.)
TWO KINGSThey form part of the
GerousiaMilitary and religious power
GEROUSIAElderly council
(28 older than 60 + two kings)Propose laws to the Apella
FIVE EPHORSControl the kings
One year Preside the Gerousia
APELLAPopular assembly of citizens (men
over 30 years old). Voting by acclamation. Veto of the GerousiaElect the Ephors and the Gerousia
ARMYLead by the kings
Formed by hoplites (always) and perioeci (“foreing”, in time of
war)
POLITICAL SYSTEM OF SPARTA
THE GRECO-PERSIAN WARS (499-479 B.C.)
The Persian (Medes for the Greeks), lead by Darius I, started a territorial expansion since the mid of the 6th century B.C.
First Greco-Persian War Second Greco-Persian War
Cronology 499-490 B.C. 480-479 B.C.Persian Kings Darius I Xerxes IPersian generals Mardonius Hidarnes / ArtemisiaGreek generals, characters and battles
Miltiades and Philippides (Marathon)
Leonidas (Termopylae)Aristides y Themistocles (Salamis)
Finished in 490 B. C., with the victory of the Athenian soldiers (hoplites) in the battle of Marathon.
The Persians, after the battle of Termopylae (480 B.C.), sacked
Athens, but they were defeated in the naval battle of Salamis and the
land battle of Plataea.
THE GRECO-PERSIAN WARS (499-479 B.C.)
After conquering Asia Minor, they tried to conquer Greece, starting the Greco-Persian Wars.
2. La historia de Grecia
Battle of Marathon (490 B.C.)
ATHENS: Combat using frontal crash and tight lines.
SPARTA:- Spartan soldier: training since 7
years old (very strict military training and hard discipline.- Best soldiers in Ancient
Greece.- - Around 5000 soldiers
1. El ejército griego
1. El ejército griego
CONFRONTATION BETWEEN ATHENS AND SPARTA
The victory over the Persians gave the hegemony to Athens. Its the century of Pericles, a brilliant period in Ancient Greece.
DELIAN LEAGUE
Created in 477 B.C: to defend thmselves from the Persians
Confederation of polis
Treasury was kept in the island of Delos under Athenian control
PROBLEMS
Polis could not abandon the League
Athens kept the treasury
THE PELOPONNESIAN WARS (431 – 404 B.C.)
Delian League VS Peloponesian League
- Spartan victory
- End of Athenian hegemony
- All polis became weaker
Macedonia was a kingdom in the North of Greece, influenced by the Greek culture.
In the mid 4th century B.C., Philip II conquered Greece. s un reino al norte de Grecia, muy influenciado por la cultura griega.
ALEXANDER THE GREAT
His son, Alexander, continued the expansion:- Between 334 and 323 B.C. the conquered Persia, Egypt, Mesopotamia
and reached the Indo River.- Created new polis with his name like Alexandria in Egypt.
Alexander died without descendants, so his generals divided the Empire in different kingdoms called Hellenistic Kingdoms.
HELLENISATION
Expansion of the Greek culture (language, art, religion) and its merger with the Eastern culture =Eastern governemts (monarchies) + Greek culture.
La falange macedónica
SALIRSALIRANTERIORANTERIOR
Macedonian phalanx
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