Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System. The Heart Roughly the size of a person’s closed fist Full size at about age 25 Tall, thin individuals tend to have.

Anatomy of the Anatomy of the Cardiovascular Cardiovascular

System System

The Heart The Heart Roughly the size of a Roughly the size of a

person’s closed fist person’s closed fist

Full size at about age Full size at about age 2525

Tall, thin individuals Tall, thin individuals tend to have a long tend to have a long heart and short, heart and short, stocky individuals stocky individuals tend to have a wide tend to have a wide heart. heart.

Coverings of the Heart Coverings of the Heart

Covered by a sac called the pericardiumCovered by a sac called the pericardium Fibrous Pericardium – tough, loose-fitting, and Fibrous Pericardium – tough, loose-fitting, and

inelasticinelastic Serous Pericardium – has two layersSerous Pericardium – has two layers

1. Parietal layer – lines 1. Parietal layer – lines fibrous pericardium fibrous pericardium 2. Visceral layer (epicardium)2. Visceral layer (epicardium)– – adheres to the outside of adheres to the outside of the heart. the heart.

Functions of the Heart Functions of the Heart CoveringsCoverings

Between the parietal Between the parietal and visceral layer is and visceral layer is the pericardial space, the pericardial space, which contains which contains pericardial fluidpericardial fluid

Fluid protects against Fluid protects against friction when the heart friction when the heart beatsbeats

Structure of the Heart Structure of the Heart

3 layers of tissue3 layers of tissue Epicardium – same as Epicardium – same as

the visceral the visceral pericardium pericardium

Myocardium – Thick Myocardium – Thick muscular layermuscular layer

Endocardium – lining Endocardium – lining of the interior of the interior myocardial wall.myocardial wall.

External Anatomy of the External Anatomy of the Heart Heart

Anterior View Anterior View

External Anatomy of the External Anatomy of the Heart Heart

Posterior View Posterior View

Chambers of the HeartChambers of the Heart

Divided into 4 cavities Divided into 4 cavities 2 Atria (left and right)2 Atria (left and right)

Upper chambers Upper chambers Receive blood from veinsReceive blood from veins Myocardial wall is thinMyocardial wall is thin

2 Ventricles (left and right)2 Ventricles (left and right) Lower chambersLower chambers Receive blood from the atriaReceive blood from the atria Myocardial walls are thick for pumpingMyocardial walls are thick for pumping

Chambers of the Heart Chambers of the Heart (Frontal Plane)(Frontal Plane)

Valves of the HeartValves of the Heart

Permit the flow of blood in one direction Permit the flow of blood in one direction Four sets of valves Four sets of valves

2 Atrioventricular (AV) Valves – guard the 2 Atrioventricular (AV) Valves – guard the openings between the atria and ventricles openings between the atria and ventricles (cusp valves)(cusp valves) Tricuspid valveTricuspid valve Bicuspid valve (mitral valve)Bicuspid valve (mitral valve)

2 Semilunar (SL) Valves – located where the 2 Semilunar (SL) Valves – located where the pulmonary artery and aorta arise from the pulmonary artery and aorta arise from the right and left ventricles respectivelyright and left ventricles respectively

Chambers and Valves of the Chambers and Valves of the HeartHeart

Mitral Valve ProlapseMitral Valve Prolapse

Skeleton of the Heart Skeleton of the Heart

Structure of Heart Valves Structure of Heart Valves

Flow of Blood Through Flow of Blood Through the Heartthe Heart

Blood Supply of Heart Blood Supply of Heart TissueTissue

Coronary Arteries – Coronary Arteries – The right and left The right and left coronary arteries are coronary arteries are the first branches off the first branches off of the aorta.of the aorta.

Anastomosis – one or Anastomosis – one or more braches from more braches from the proximal part of the proximal part of the artery to a more the artery to a more distal portiondistal portion

Cardiac Veins – after Cardiac Veins – after blood passes through blood passes through capillaries in the capillaries in the myocardium it enters myocardium it enters a series of cardiac a series of cardiac veins that drain into veins that drain into the right atriumthe right atrium

Coronary Arteries and Coronary Arteries and VeinsVeins

Myocardial Infarction Myocardial Infarction (MI)(MI)

Coronary Coronary Bypass Bypass Surgery Surgery