Transcript
MURALIKV1979@GMAIL.COM
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Copyright 2015
MURALIKV1979@GMAIL.COM
MURALIKV1979@GMAIL.COM
. Gavin
Menzie.
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2002- 1421 The Year China Discovered the World
. 1421 The Year China Discovered
the America . Gavin
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Gavin- .
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Ghostwriting - .
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Gavin
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.. 1453. 29 .
. (Ottoman Empire),
(Byzantine) .
(Constantinople) .
LED Flash
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Diego Co. 1483- .
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1488- Bartholomew
Dias. . Cape of Good hope
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1492-.
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. 1420-.
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70
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.. 100 200
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. Fortune 500
2000
500 1000
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10,000
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. (sea currents)
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6000
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. Polaris
Canopus, Sirius- longitude
latitude- . ( longitude
, latitude
. Longitude- 0 Prime
Meridian . Latitude- 0 Equator ).
(compass) .
Polaris
(horizon)
- Canopus- Sirius-
. (
.
).
6000
Polaris-
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, ,
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3000
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3000
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. 1800
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. (Aegean
Sea) (Mediterranean Sea)
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Periplus of the Erythraean Sea .. 1 2
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(longitude) (latitude)
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.. 4-
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. (Reniassance)
.. 15-
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15-
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.. 4- .. 8-
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(Abbasid Caliphate) ( .. 750 1258)
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(, , ,
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Du You ( 735 - 812)
Encyclopedic History of Institutions (Tongdian)
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Dashi .
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Tang .
Tang .
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Du You .
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Du You
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It is also said that their king [of the country of Dashi] always sends men on ships with clothing and
provisions, and they cross the sea for eight years but do not reach the western shore. In the sea is a
square rock on which are trees with red branches and green leaves. On the trees are born many young
children 67 cun [Approximately 15 cm (1 cun = 2.25 cm)] long. When they see people, they do not
speak but all can laugh and move their hands and feet. Their heads are attached to the branches of the
tree. When people pick them from trees, the [heads] come off in their hands, then dry up and turn
black. The envoy took one branch and returned with it. It is now in the residence of the Arabian king.
Du You
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. .. 3-
Xihai .
Sima Qian-
. Xihai (western sea) .
. Du You
.
Du You
. Du Huan
Du You- .
. .. 751-
Tang Talas (
Kazakhstan- Dzhambul )
Du Huan
Kufa
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.
Du You
.
.
.. 794-
.
. Cartography.
Cartography.
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(Map) .
.
al-
Mamun (.. 81333).
.
.
.
(Geodetic survey)
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. (
. ,
).
al-Mamun
,
.
.
.
.
.. 1000
. al-Mamun
al-
Khwarizmi .
Surat al-ard (Shape of the Earth). al-Mamun
,
.
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. ..
8- Jia Dan Guangzhou Tong
Haiyi Dao (The Route to the Foreign Countries across the Sea from Guangzhou)
. Guangzhou
.
.
Kitab al-Masalik wa l mamalik (The Book of
Routes and Realms). al-Mutamid (86992)
Ibn
Khurradadhbih.
.
.
(Basra)
,
,
.
al-Waqwaq
.
.
Ibn Khurradadhbih
. Xihai al-
Waqwaq ?
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MURALIKV1979@GMAIL.COM
al-Mamun
()
. .. 9-
(compass)
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.
.. 9 10-
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. Cape of Good Hope
Cape Verde
,
Falkland
. ( 1 ).
. .. 10- .
.
.. 15- .
Zuane Pizzigano.
1424 .
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1
Pizzigano- 14-
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Pietro Vesconte- 1321- .
Zuane Pizzigano .
Portolan chart .
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Antillia .
.. 15-
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Pizzigano
Antillia
.
Pizzigano
.
Antillia Pizzigano-
.
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.. 10-
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.
Mappa mundi.
Fra Mauro
1457-1459.
.
Cape of Good
Hope- Starit of Megallan-
. Fra Mauro
. Fra Mauro
MURALIKV1979@GMAIL.COM
. 1421-
Fra Mauro
. Fra Mauro
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. . . who with their own hands had drawn for me all these provinces and cities, rivers and
mountains, with their names all of which I have not been able to set down in proper order
from lack of space
who . Fra Mauro
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Fra Mauro . Fra Mauro-
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About the year of Our Lord 1420 a ship, what is called an Indian junk [Zoncho de India],
on a crossing of the Sea of India towards the Isle of Men and Women, was driven by a
storm beyond the Cape of Diab, through the Green Isles, out into the Sea of Darkness on
their way west and southwest, in the direction of Algarve. Nothing but air and water was
seen for forty days and by their reckoning they ran 2,000 miles and fortune deserted them.
When the stress of the weather had subsided they made the return to the said Cavo de
Diab in seventy days and drawing near to the shore to supply their wants the sailors saw
the egg of a bird called roc, the egg being as big as a seven gallon cask, and the size of
the bird is such that from the point of one wing to another was sixty paces and it can quite
easily lift an elephant or any other large animal. It does great damage to the inhabitants
and is very fast in its flight
Fra Mauro, indian junk .
Cape of Diab Madagascar-
. Sea of Darkness
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. Green Isles Cape de
Verdes. Fra Mauro
. Cape de
Verdes- Sea of Darkness ( ) 40
2,000
70 Cavo de Diab (Cape of Good
Hope) . (
2)
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2 10-
MURALIKV1979@GMAIL.COM
Kangnido . 1402-
. Taejong
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. Kyoto-
Ryukoku
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Kangnido .
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1480-
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1400-
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. Yuan Song Lian
(13101381) Records of the Yuan-Dynastie (Yuan Shi)
1267- Qubilai
Khan-
.
Jamal al-Din .
Qubilai Khan- Jamal al-Din
Song Lian
. al-Mamun
Jamal al-Din
. Jamal al-Din-
.
Jamal al-Din
.
.
Kangnido
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.
.
Jamal al-Din
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MURALIKV1979@GMAIL.COM
. Jamal al-Din
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Piri Reis . .. 1513-
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Piri Reis
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Arctic-
Antarctic- . Piri Reis
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. Piri
Reis-
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Piri Reis .
Piri Reis-
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Piri Reis .
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Piri Reis .
Piri Reis-
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1490-
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15-
Alberto Cantino
. World Map of Alberto
Cantino . 1502.
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Alberto Cantino-
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Alberto Cantino Ferrara
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10-
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Alberto Cantino
1502-
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MURALIKV1979@GMAIL.COM
Kunming ( Yunnan )
Zhu Di- 1382- .
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. Zhu Di-
Hong Wu Yuan
Ming .
Yuan
Zhu Di
Kunming . Zhu Di-
Ma
He. .
Ma He-
Zhu Di-
.
Zheng He
. San Bao
. Zheng He, Zhu Di-
.
. Zheng He
. Zhu Di-
. Zheng He
.
Hong Wu
Zhu Di- Zhu
Yunwen Kunming .
Zhu Di
MURALIKV1979@GMAIL.COM
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Zheng He.
Zheng He
Zhu Di .
Zhu Yunwen
. Zhu Di
Zhu Yunwen .
Zhu Yunwen
. Zhu Di .. 1402- Yongle
.
Zheng He-
.
Zhu Di.
.
Treasure Ships 250
. 3500 , 1350
, 400 , 400
. 5900
.
.
(Commander-in-Chief)
Zheng He. Zheng He- .
6000
Longjiang
. Zhu Di
. Zheng He.
.. 1405-
. The Voyages of Treasure
Fleets.
Zheng He 400
MURALIKV1979@GMAIL.COM
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Zheng He
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Zheng He.
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Zheng He 1405 1433
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10 Zheng He
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,
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Zheng He, 1407- Nanjing
.
.
.
Arabic, Persian, Swahili Tamil.
Zheng He-
.
.
.
MURALIKV1979@GMAIL.COM
1418-
.
Zheng He . Zheng He-
Zhu Di-
. Zheng He 1421-
1424- Zhu Di
. Zhu Gaozhi
.
.
.
Zheng He
MURALIKV1979@GMAIL.COM
Zhu Gaozhi, Zheng He
Zheng He
.
.
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. Zheng He-
.
Zheng He
. Nanjing
.
. Zheng He-
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. Liu Daxia, Zheng He-
.
the expeditions of San Bao (Zheng He) to the Western ocean wasted myriads of money and
grain, and moreover the people who met their deaths may be counted in the
myriads.......betel, bamboo staves, grape-wine, pomegranates and ostrich eggs and such
like things.....deceitful exaggerations of bizarre things far removed from the testimony of
peoples eyes and ears
Zheng He-
.
MURALIKV1979@GMAIL.COM
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, , Zheng He-
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MURALIKV1979@GMAIL.COM
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