America As a World Power Chapter 10 Section 4. Quick Write Write how you would resolve a conflict between two friends. Then write how the US would try.

America As a World PowerAmerica As a World Power

Chapter 10Chapter 10

Section 4Section 4

Quick WriteQuick Write

Write how you would resolve a conflict Write how you would resolve a conflict between two friends. Then write how the between two friends. Then write how the US would try to resolve a conflict between US would try to resolve a conflict between two countries.two countries.

Share with a partner when you are done.Share with a partner when you are done.

StandardsStandards

11.4.3 Discuss America’s role in the 11.4.3 Discuss America’s role in the Panama Revolution and the building of the Panama Revolution and the building of the Panama Canal.Panama Canal.

11.4.4 Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s Big 11.4.4 Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick diplomacyStick diplomacy

Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt

Against Europeans interfering in American Against Europeans interfering in American affairsaffairs

Did not want Europe to control the worlds Did not want Europe to control the worlds political and economic destinypolitical and economic destiny

Why do you think Roosevelt was so Why do you think Roosevelt was so popular?popular?

Roosevelt the Peace MakerRoosevelt the Peace Maker

War between Russia and Japan broke out in War between Russia and Japan broke out in 19041904

Japan was winning war but also running out Japan was winning war but also running out of supplies and menof supplies and men

Japan secretly approached Roosevelt and Japan secretly approached Roosevelt and asked to negotiate peaceasked to negotiate peace

In 1905 both countries met in Portsmouth, In 1905 both countries met in Portsmouth, New HampshireNew Hampshire

Roosevelt the Peace MakerRoosevelt the Peace Maker

Roosevelt’s charm helped to make things Roosevelt’s charm helped to make things more relaxedmore relaxed

Roosevelt successfully negotiated a peace Roosevelt successfully negotiated a peace treaty treaty

Won him the 1906 Nobel Peace PrizeWon him the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize Helped to set role for US in East AsiaHelped to set role for US in East Asia Japan agreed to respect US interests in Japan agreed to respect US interests in

Asia and Pacific Asia and Pacific

Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905

Panama CanalPanama Canal

Roosevelt in Panama

Panama CanalPanama Canal

Many American felt that the US needed a Many American felt that the US needed a canal to cut across South Americacanal to cut across South America

Would greatly reduce travel timeWould greatly reduce travel time Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901, Britain gave Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901, Britain gave

rights to US to build canal through Central rights to US to build canal through Central AmericaAmerica

Panama CanalPanama Canal

French sent Philippe Banau-Varilla to French sent Philippe Banau-Varilla to Washington to try to sell the French route to Washington to try to sell the French route to USUS

US bought for 40 million in 1903US bought for 40 million in 1903 Had to get permission from Colombia before Had to get permission from Colombia before

startingstarting Banau-Varilla helped organize a rebellion Banau-Varilla helped organize a rebellion

against Colombia when they failed to agreeagainst Colombia when they failed to agree

Panama CanalPanama Canal

November 3, 1903 nearly a dozen US November 3, 1903 nearly a dozen US warships were present as Panama declared warships were present as Panama declared independenceindependence

15 days later Panama and US sign a treaty 15 days later Panama and US sign a treaty to build canalto build canal

$250,000 annual rent, $10 million upfront$250,000 annual rent, $10 million upfront Payments start in 1913Payments start in 1913

Constructing the CanalConstructing the Canal

One of the world’s greatest engineering One of the world’s greatest engineering accomplishmentsaccomplishments

Builders fought disease such as yellow fever Builders fought disease such as yellow fever and malariaand malaria

Work began in 1904Work began in 1904 By 1913 more then 43,000 worker, some By 1913 more then 43,000 worker, some

came from Europe however most were came from Europe however most were blackblack

More then 5,600 workers diedMore then 5,600 workers died

Constructing the CanalConstructing the Canal

Total cost to United States was about $380 Total cost to United States was about $380 millionmillion

August 15, 1914 canal opened for business, August 15, 1914 canal opened for business, more than 1,000 merchant ships passed more than 1,000 merchant ships passed through during first yearthrough during first year

US-Latin America relations damaged US-Latin America relations damaged 1921 Congress pays Colombia $25 million 1921 Congress pays Colombia $25 million

for lost territoryfor lost territory

The Roosevelt CorollaryThe Roosevelt Corollary

Financial factors drew US into Latin AmericaFinancial factors drew US into Latin America Roosevelt feared Europe may interfere Roosevelt feared Europe may interfere

since many had borrowed from Europesince many had borrowed from Europe Roosevelt wanted US to be dominant power Roosevelt wanted US to be dominant power

in Latin Americain Latin America Reminded European powers of Monroe Reminded European powers of Monroe

Doctrine which was issued in 1823Doctrine which was issued in 1823 ““Speak Softly Carry a Big Stick” was Speak Softly Carry a Big Stick” was

Roosevelt’s way of handling thingsRoosevelt’s way of handling things

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

The Roosevelt CorollaryThe Roosevelt Corollary

Warned that the disorder in Latin America Warned that the disorder in Latin America might force the US to exercise international might force the US to exercise international police powerpolice power

In other words it said that the US would now In other words it said that the US would now use force to protect economic interests in use force to protect economic interests in Latin AmericaLatin America

Speak Softly and Carry a Big StickSpeak Softly and Carry a Big Stick

Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy

1911 rebellion almost bankrupted Nicaragua 1911 rebellion almost bankrupted Nicaragua President Taft arranged for American President Taft arranged for American

bankers to loan Nicaragua enough money to bankers to loan Nicaragua enough money to pay its debtspay its debts

In return Nicaragua customs duties were In return Nicaragua customs duties were collectedcollected

Gained control of railroad and national bankGained control of railroad and national bank Citizens revolted against this in NicaraguaCitizens revolted against this in Nicaragua

Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy

US sent 2,000 marines to Nicaragua to keep US sent 2,000 marines to Nicaragua to keep Diaz in chargeDiaz in charge

Some marines stayed till 1933Some marines stayed till 1933 Dollar diplomacy was using the US Dollar diplomacy was using the US

government to guarantee loans made to government to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by American bankersforeign countries by American bankers

Was often justified by saying it kept Was often justified by saying it kept European powers out of Latin America and European powers out of Latin America and CaribbeanCaribbean

Taft’s Dollar DiplomacyTaft’s Dollar Diplomacy

Wilson’s Missionary DiplomacyWilson’s Missionary Diplomacy

US had moral responsibility to deny US had moral responsibility to deny recognition of any Latin American recognition of any Latin American government that was oppressive, government that was oppressive, undemocratic or hostile to US interests undemocratic or hostile to US interests according to the United Statesaccording to the United States

Mexican revolution would test Wilson’s Mexican revolution would test Wilson’s PolicyPolicy

Mexican RevolutionMexican Revolution

Mexico ruled by dictator for 3 decades Mexico ruled by dictator for 3 decades named Porfirio Diaznamed Porfirio Diaz

He was a friend of the US because he He was a friend of the US because he encouraged investors to invest in his countryencouraged investors to invest in his country

1911 Mexican peasants and workers led by 1911 Mexican peasants and workers led by Francisco Madero overthrew DiazFrancisco Madero overthrew Diaz

Madero promised reform but was unable to Madero promised reform but was unable to satisfysatisfy

Mexican RevolutionMexican Revolution

Two years later General Victorian Huerta Two years later General Victorian Huerta took over governmenttook over government

Madero was murdered within daysMadero was murdered within days Wilson refused to recognize government Wilson refused to recognize government

calling it “a government of butchers”calling it “a government of butchers”

Intervention in MexicoIntervention in Mexico

US waited for opportunityUS waited for opportunity April 1914 Huerta’s officer arrested a small April 1914 Huerta’s officer arrested a small

group of American sailorsgroup of American sailors Mexico released and apologized but it was Mexico released and apologized but it was

too latetoo late Wilson used as an excuse to intervene and Wilson used as an excuse to intervene and

sent marines to occupy Veracruz a sent marines to occupy Veracruz a important port cityimportant port city

18 marines and at least 200 Mexicans died18 marines and at least 200 Mexicans died

Intervention in MexicoIntervention in Mexico

Argentina, Brazil and Chile stepped in to Argentina, Brazil and Chile stepped in to mediate conflictmediate conflict

Neither side agreed to terms drew upNeither side agreed to terms drew up Huerta regime soon collapsedHuerta regime soon collapsed Venustiano Carranza became president and Venustiano Carranza became president and

Wilson withdrew troops and recognized new Wilson withdrew troops and recognized new governmentgovernment

Rebellion AgainRebellion Again

Rebels led by Francisco “Panch” Villa and Rebels led by Francisco “Panch” Villa and Emiliano Zapata oppose Carraza’s Emiliano Zapata oppose Carraza’s governmentgovernment

Villa tried to get US to sideVilla tried to get US to side January 1916 Villa’s men took Americans off January 1916 Villa’s men took Americans off

a train and shot thema train and shot them Two months later raided Columbus, New Two months later raided Columbus, New

Mexico and killed 17 AmericansMexico and killed 17 Americans

Chasing VillaChasing Villa

General John J. Pershing and 15,000 General John J. Pershing and 15,000 soldiers sent to capture Villasoldiers sent to capture Villa

A year later Wilson called on 150,000 A year later Wilson called on 150,000 National GuardsmenNational Guardsmen

Border conflicts occurred between Mexico Border conflicts occurred between Mexico and US deaths on both sides made war look and US deaths on both sides made war look inevitableinevitable

Fear of war in Europe caused US troops to Fear of war in Europe caused US troops to withdraw in 1917withdraw in 1917

U. S. Interventions in U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920sLatin America: 1898-1920s