Alcohols

Alcohols

Drill: Name:

OH

Alcohols•Hydrocarbons with

a hydroxyl (-OH) as its main

functional group

Alcohols• R H

:O: :O:

H H

Primary Alcohols

•Hydroxyl (-OH) on an end carbon

R-CH2-OH

Secondary Alcohols•Hydroxyl (-OH) on a carbon inside a chain

R-CH-R

OH

Tertiary Alcohols•Hydroxyl (-OH) at a branch point R

R-C-R

OH

Naming Alcohols•CH3-OH Methanol

•CH3CH2-OH Ethanol

•etc

Naming Alcohols•CH3CH2CH2-OH

•1-propanol OH

• CH3CHCH3

•2-propanol or isopropanol

Naming Alcohols•CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH

•1-butanol OH

• CH3CH2CHCH3

•2-butanol or isobutanol

Naming Alcohols•CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH

•t-butanol OH

• CH3- C-CH3

• CH3

Cyclohexanol

OH

Phenol

OH

1,2-ethanediol

•HO-CH2- CH2-OH

•Ethylene glycol

1,2-propanediol• OH

•CH3-CH- CH2-OH

•Propylene glycol

1,2,3-propanetriol• OH

•HO-CH2-CH-CH2-OH

•Glycerol(glycerine)

Making Alcohols

Alcohols Addition Rxns

C=C + H2O

C-C

H OH

H+

Predict & Name Reactants & Products

C=C

H

H

H

H

+ H2OHClHeat

Ethanol

C--C

H OH

HH

H H

Predict & Name Reactants & Products

C=C

CH3

HH

H

+ H2Oacid

heat

C C

H OH Major Product

CH3H

H HC C

H H

CH3H

HO H

Displacement Reactions

Making Alcohols with Displacement Rxns

R-X + OH-

R-OH + X-

H2O100oC

Examples of Alcohol Production

CH3-I + KOH

CH3-OH + KI

H2O100o

Examples of Alcohol Production

CH3 CH3

H-C-Cl + KOH H-C-OH + KCl

CH3 CH3

H2O

100o

Name Reactant & Predict & Name the Product

BrH2O

100oC+ NaOH

OH + NaBr

Cyclohexanol

Name the reactant and Predict and Name the Products

I + KOHPress.

350oC

Hydroxybenzene or Phenol

OH + KI

Name the reactants, then predict & name the products

I + KOH Heat

press