AKA: The Great War! Discuss the domestic, political & international impact that World War I had on the U.S. 1.Imperialism 2.Nationalism 3.Militarism 4.Rivalry.

World War IAKA: The Great War!

Essential Question:Discuss the domestic, political & international impact that World War I had on the U.S.

Causes of WWI:1. Imperialism2. Nationalism3. Militarism4. Rivalry5. Entangling Alliances

Terms & People1st Set

ImperialismRivalryAllianceMilitarismNeutralityBalkans

Woodrow WilsonOtto Von BismarckFranz FerdinandGavrilo Princep

War Begins!- The Balkans… the Powder Keg of Europe!- Ottoman Empire leaving, Austro-Hungarian Empire taking over!

- Independence for Balkan Ethnic Groups? NO!!!!!- Anger…. Militant Groups Form…. Violence Ensues

Archduke Franz Ferdinand- Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary- Travelling to Sarajevo to “showcase the power of the empire”- ASSASSINATED!!!!!!!

GAVRILO PRINCEP- Serbian Militant (The Black Hand)

Austro-Hungarian Reactions??

Terms & People2nd Set

MobilizationSchlieffen PlanLiegeNo Mans LandTrench Warfare1St Battle of MarneVerdunBattle of the Somme

Kaiser Wilhelm IIManfred von RichthofenEdward Rickenbacker

Entangling Alliances• Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

• Russia announced support for Serbia• Germany declared war on Russia & France (allies)• Great Britain = not sure what to do… then:

• Germany invaded Belgium (quick route to Paris)• Great Britain promised to protect Belgian neutrality

• Great Britain declared war on Germany• United States = Neutral… sort of… for now…

Allied Powers Central Powers

France Germany

Serbia Austria-Hungary

Russia Ottoman Empire

Great Britain Bulgaria

Italy

Japan

Opposing PlansGermans = Schlieffen Plan

How do you win a 2 front war? - Defeat 1st enemy as fast as possible, then fight the other!- Germans plan to defeat France, then turn to fight Russia

French Plan? 1) Defend along fortified border2) Counter attack deep into Germany

The Early Phase of War• Germany attacked Belgium (Great Britain declared war on Germany)

• Belgians put up a heck of a fight! (Liege)• Schlieffen plan is changed!!! • France defends itself just outside of Paris

• 1st Battle of the Marne• Stalemate follows

• Battle of the Somme• Battle of Verdun

• Trench Warfare

Technology in World War I- Page 632 of your text

Trench WarfareGerman trenches near the Somme River (Photo Credit: Michael St. Maur Sheil)

Trench WarfareGerman Command Bunker: Leading up to the Battle of the Somme (Photo Credit: M.St. M.S.)

Trench Warfare

British man a machine gun at the Battle of the Somme (Photo Credit: Hulton-Deutsch Collection)

Trench Warfare

World War I Trench at Vimy: In April 1917, Canadian forces defeated the heavily entrenched Germans near Vimy, France. Today, the remnants of the German defenses have been preserved with concrete. (Photo Credit: Paul Almasy)

Trench Warfare

Soldiers Picking Lice from Clothes: Conditions in the trenches were miserable, with rampant dirt, vermin and disease. (Photo Credit: Bettmann)

Trench WarfareGerman Trench and Bunker near Verdun: For nearly four years, the Allies and Germany fought over the Butte de Vauquois. The battles included a deadly series of attacks in which more than 500 mines were exploded beneath trenches, tunnels and buildings in the town. (Photo Credit: Michael St. Maur Sheil)

Terms & People3rd Set!

Sussex PledgeNational Defense ActZimmerman NoteU-boatLusitaniaSelective Service ActDoughboyEspionage ActSedition Act

William Jennings BryanRobert LansingJeannette RankinJohn J. PershingWilliam McAdooHerbert HooverJuliette Gordon Low

The U.S. Goes to War!Remember the Neutrality plan? Well… it didn’t last

Cultural differences Propaganda

Caught in the middle!- British Naval Blockade- German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Lusitania- Tragic Event that turned American opinion- Led to the German Sussex Pledge- Mixed feelings in the U.S.

- William Jennings Bryan (Sec. of State)- Robert Lansing (replaced Bryan)

- By 1916 – U.S. arms sales to Allies up to $500 million!!

U.S. “Preparedness”National Defense Act

• 90,000-175,000 (223,000 eventually)• $313 Million to build up Navy

“PEACE WITHOUT VICTORY” …. IS IT POSSIBLE?

Diplomacy Fails Germany Resumes Unrestricted Sub War US Breaks diplomatic relations Zimmerman Note! April 4, 1917 = WAR!!!

Jeannette Rankin

Over There!US Mobilizes for war

Selective Service Act- 4.8 Million “Yanks” were draftees!

American Expeditionary Force (AEF)- John Pershing in command!- Reach Europe by June 1917- Big boost in morale for allies- Americans introduce Convoy System as well!

Life of a “Doughboy”• Race?• Training?• War Experience?

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