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8.2 EXPANDING PUBLIC EDUCATION
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AMERICAN HISTORY II17 FEBRUARY 2014MR. HOOD
8.2 EXPANDING PUBLIC EDUCATION
AMERICAN HISTORY II17 FEBRUARY 2014MR. HOOD`S NOTES
KEY IDEA
REFORMS IN PUBLIC EDUCATION LED TO A RISE IN NATIONAL LITERACY AND
THE PROMOTION OF PUBLIC EDUCATION.
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
THE PUBLIC EDUCATION SYSTEM IS THE FOUNDATION OF THE
DEMOCRATIC IDEALS OF AMERICAN SOCIETY.
INTRODUCTION
EDUCATION BECAME VALUED
“LIFT ALL CLASSES OF
PEOPLE INTO…CIVILIZED LIFE”
PUBLIC EDUCATION WAS
NEEDED
PREPARE STUDENTS FOR EMPLOYMENT +
CITIZENSHIP
OBJECTIVE 1ANALYZE THE
EXPANSION OF PUBLIC EDUCATION AT THE TURN-OF-THE-20TH-
CENTURY
MOST STATES HAD SCHOOLS
BY THE CIVIL WAR
BUT MANY CHILDREN
DID NOT GO TO SCHOOL
SO STATES PASSED LAWS ABOUT SCHOOL
ATTENDANCE
REQUIRED 12 – 16 WEEKS OF SCHOOL
ANNUALLY(8-12 YEAR OLDS)
PRIMARY SCHOOL
EMPHASIZED READING, WRITING +
ARITHMETIC
BASED ON MEMORIZATION
UNEVEN QUALITY OF TEACHERS
STRICT RULES AND PHYSICAL
DISCIPLINE
MEANT MISERABLE CHILDREN
BUT DESPITE ALL THIS, EDUCATION
GREW
INCLUDING KINDERGARTENS
CHILDCARE FOR EMPLOYED
MOTHERS
ALTHOUGH PUBLIC
EDUCATION WAS GROWING…
OPPORTUNITIES DIFFERED SHARPLY FOR BLACK + WHITE
STUDENTS
HIGH SCHOOL
INDUSTRIES BOOMING
DEMAND FOR
EDUCATED WORKERS
ADVANCED TECHNICAL AND
MANAGERIAL SKILLS
SCIENCE AND CIVICS
SOCIAL STUDIES
NEW VOCATIONAL COURSES
CAREPENTRY, MECHANICS, DRAFTING,
OFFICE WORK
BUT STILL AFRICAN AMERICAN CHILDREN
EXCLUDED
IMMIGRANTS
IMMIGRANTS SENT CHILDREN TO
SCHOOL
CHILDREN WERE AMERICANIZED
ADULTS ALSO ENCOURAGED TO ATTEND
NIGHT SCHOOL
TO QUALIFY FOR CITIZENSHIP
TO OFFICIALLY BECOME
AMERICAN
OBJECTIVE 2DESCRIBE THE
GROWTH OF HIGHER EDUCATION
NUMBER OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
INCREASED
AND UNIVERSITY
ATTENDANCES GREW
AND THE RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
EMERGED
STUDYING LANGUAGES, PSYCHOLOGY,
SOCIOLOGY
HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA NEEDED FOR
ENTRANCE
BUT AFRICAN AMERICAN LARGELY
EXCLUDED
MEET BOOKER T WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON BELIEVED FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS TO
PROGRESS
THEY MUST LEARN LABOR
SKILLS
MEET W.E.B. DU BOIS
DU BOIS SAID AFRICAN AMERICANS
MUST LEARN ARTS
FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS TO
PROGRESS
CONCLUSION
EDUCATION IS GOOD
DISCRIMINATION IS BAD
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