AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA Maj Bilal Sadiq Gondal.

AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA

Maj Bilal Sadiq Gondal

Background

70 % Population

Dependent

32 % Africa GDP

65 % Labor Force

Inability to

Transform into

high productive

sector

3

Background

World agriculture

tripled between 1961

and 2007

Population grew from

3 to 6.8 billions

Green revolution

increase production by

11%

4

Background

25% of world arable land 10% of global agriculture production Africa has lowest yield among all regions

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AGRICULTURE ENVIROMENT OF AFRICA

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Agriculture Environment –Demography

Demographic shift in

world population

Future world will be

African dominated

9% of world was

African in 1950

40% will be African

by end of this century

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Agriculture Environment –Demography

UNICEF estimates that 1.8 billion new born will be

in Africa

Africa Population will quadruple to 4.2 billion by

end of century

Unsymmetrical population growth

Higher densities in North Africa, Great Lake

Region and Gulf of Guinea

Rapid population growth and urbanization is

directly impacting food security

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Agriculture Environment –Economy

South Africa contributes 30% of African GDP with 5% population

North African countries contribute 35% of GDP with 20% of population

Countries dependent on extractive industries

70% of East African countries are dependent upon agriculture

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Agriculture Environment –Economy

5.2 % annual growth

Insignificant development in

agriculture sector

Agriculture sector development

in countries

Ghana

Ethiopia

Rwanda

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Agriculture Environment – Global Market

Agriculture focused on national markets

17% of total foreign trade of African countries were

conducted at intra-regional level

Small agriculture export base Cocoa Coffee Tea Cotton Sugar Pineapple

Bananas

Import is 1.7 times value of export

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Agriculture Environment – Natural Resources

Largest uncultivated

surface area after Latin

America

6% farm land is irrigated

Investment to cultivate 20

million hectares in last 10

years

60% of cultivable land

still available in few

countries

Climatic conditions

Soil degradation

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FACTORS CAUSING POOR PERFOMANCE

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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE LOW PRODUCTIVITY

Poor productivity

of crops

1.3 metric tons per

hectare of Maize in

Malawi in contrast

to an average 10

ton hectare in USA

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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE LOW PRODUCTIVITY

Innovation

Fertilizers

Malawi used fertilizer to improve from 43 percent

food deficient to 53 percent surplus

Irrigation

Potential to increase 100 to 400 percent

4% land is irrigated

Seed development

Seeds developed 30 years ago

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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE LAND UTILIZATION

Land ownership Communal ownership

Dead Capital

Land Degradation 65% of cropland degradation of the world

485 Millions affected by land degradation

$9.3 billion annual cost

Causes for Lands Degradation Demographic Growth

Conflicts

Refugees

Soil Management

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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE LAND UTILIZATION

Poor Infrastructure Least developed

continent Non availability of

farm to market roads 50% harvest lost due

to non availability of infrastructure

Small and Family Farms

Family farm produce 80% of world food

75% of global farmland is family owned

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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE DISEASES

HIV / Aids Malaria Tapeworm Yellow Fever

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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE ARMED CONFLICT AND DISASTER

During 2011 natural disaster resulted 7 million affected by

drought 3 million by flood 3 million refugees

Food Crisis affected 12 million people in Djibouti Ethiopia Kenya Uganda

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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE ARMED CONFLICT AND DISASTER

Total Number of Violent Events 99548

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AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY

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AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY

During 2011 natural disaster resulted 7 million affected by

drought 3 million by flood 3 million refugees

Food Crisis affected 12 million people in Djibouti Ethiopia Kenya Uganda

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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA

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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICAGREEN REVOLUTION MOVEMENT

Africa government is

initiating new green

revolution

AGRA

100 different varieties of

crops

Train local farmer

Double productivity in 20

years

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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICAGOVERNMENT COMMITMENT

Africa government for funding agriculture

Comprehensive African Agriculture Development

Program (CAADP)

10 % of national budgets to agriculture development

CAADP four pillar approach

Pillar-1 - Sustainable land management and water

control

system

Pillar-2 - Improving infrastructure and trade related

activities

Pillar-3 - Improving food security and response to

emergency crisis

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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA

Genetically Modified

Crops Ability to increase

productivity

Kenya and South Africa

Land Reforms Specific land ownership

Commercial Farming Small farmers limitation

to expand agriculture

Mechanical farming like

Brazil

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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA

Hybrid Models

Model comprising small scale

and corporate farming

China model

Brazil model

Mixed Model

Nucleus farm model

50 ha farms

Small farms

50HA

2HA

2HA

2HA

2HA

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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA

Agriculture Diversification

Diversification of crops

Horticulture and flowers

Organic Product

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QUESTIONS?