Agricultural Water Management
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Agricultural Water Agricultural Water ManagementManagement
Department of Agriculture & Cooperation
Ministry of AgricultureGovernment of India
Land Use DetailsLand Use DetailsLand use Area
(m.ha)Geographical area 328.73Reporting area 305.61(i) Forests 70.04(ii) Not available for cultivation(a) Area under non-agril. uses(b) Barren & uncultivable land
42.9526.1716.78
(iii) Other uncultivated land(a) Permanent pastures & other grazing
lands(b) Land under miscellaneous tree crops( c ) Culturable wastelands
26.3610.15 3.3512.86
(iv) Fallow lands(a) Fallow lands other than current fallow(b) Current fallow
26.2310.4815.75
(v) Net sown area 140.02Gross cropped area 192.20Source: Agricultural Statistics, 2009-10
Water Resources Water Resources ScenarioScenario(2008-09)(2008-09)
Precipitation including snowfall 4000 BCMPrecipitation during monsoon 3000 BCMAverage availability of water 1869 BCMUtilizable water 1123 BCM
Surface 690 BCMGround water 433 BCM
Storage capacity Existing 225 BCMUnder construction 64 BCMUnder contemplation 108 BCMGround waterCurrent draft 231 BCMStage of ground water development 61
%Net irrigated area 63.25 MHa
Ultimate Irrigation Ultimate Irrigation PotentialPotential
Demand for food grains(MT)Demand for food grains(MT)Type of demand 2011-12 2021-22Direct Household consumption Rice 87.4 97.4 Wheat 67.2 73.5 Coarse cereal
14.1 15.0
Pulses 12.5 16.1 Food grains
181.2 202.0
Indirect Demand Rice 13.8 15.9 Wheat 14.0 16.0 Coarse Cereal
24.0 38.7
Pulses 3.0 3.4 Food grains
54.8 74.0
Total demand Food grains
236.0 276.0
National Centre for Agricultural Economics & Policy Research
2
Irrigated Area Irrigated Area (2009-10)(2009-10)
Source of IrrigationSource of Irrigation
16.7
1.6428.94
10.095.88
Irrigated Area - 63.25 MHa
Canals (26%)Tanks (3%)Tubewells (46%)Dug wells (16%)others (9%)
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics
Surface Water SourcesSurface Water Sources
Groundwater SourcesGroundwater Sources
Coverage of irrigated area in Coverage of irrigated area in Rainfall zonesRainfall zones
0102030405060708090
100
30.45 38 42.42 36.42
16.22
% cultivated area without irrigation% of irrigated area over cultivated area
Crop wise Coverage under Crop wise Coverage under IrrigationIrrigation
Share of major crops in irrigated Share of major crops in irrigated areasareas
28.4
30.30.80.9
2.3
4.5
5
18.6
4.14.5
% of Irrigated Area
PaddyWheatJowarBajraMaizePulsesSugarcaneFruits &Veg OilseedsCottonOthers
Rice CultivationRice Cultivation
Status of irrigation Status of irrigation DevelopmentDevelopmentState % Irrig. of NSAPunjab 97.8Haryana 86.5Uttar Pradesh 81.1Bihar 63.6West Bengal 59.1Tamil Nadu 58.4Uttarakhand 45.6National Average 45.2Gujarat 42.1Rajasthan 34.5Orissa 39.1Karnataka 32.6Kerala 18.6Maharashtra 18.7Jharkhand 8.0Assam 7.1
Competitive Water UseCompetitive Water Use1072
10263
13080
910
7323 15
72
688
5612 5
52
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Irrigation Domestic Industrial Energy Others
201020252050
Unit in BCM
Projection of Water DemandProjection of Water Demand
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2025 2050
Others(BCM)Energy(BCM)Industrial(BCM)Domestic(BCM)Irrigation(BCM)
Utilizable Water 1123 BCM
Key Challenge: More food Less Key Challenge: More food Less WaterWater
Growing water scarcity and competing water demands for urban, power and industrial needs are expected to reduce diversion of water for agriculture in future
Developing countries like India are most challenged with the problem due to rapid population growth, urbanization, industrialization and economic development.
The key challenge for the future food and environmental security is growing more food with less water
This demands increased efforts to efficient and rationale use of water.
Key Challenge: Key Challenge: Water Use Water Use EfficiencyEfficiency
Canal Irrigation – 38-40%Ground Water – 60%
10% increase in water use efficiency can bring 14 m.ha of additional area under irrigation Micro irrigation can save 25-50% of water
Strategies and Way ForwardStrategies and Way Forward Supply Side Management
Cautious use of ground water in critical areas Exploring the untapped ground water in Eastern Region Creation of additional storage capacity More minor irrigation storage in high rainfall zones Creation of secondary storages at tale end of canal system Rain water harvesting and ground water recharge Reducing gap between irrigation potential created
Demand Side Management Water use efficiency measures Appropriate agronomic measures Crop diversification Land use planning Participatory water management
Use of Modern technique Efficient canal management system Recycling of water Micro Irrigation Conjunctive use of water
T H A N K Y O U
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