Agricultural Pattern of Rasulpur Village of Munshiganj
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Mishkat Marziya
Department of Geography & Environment
University of Dhaka
E-mail: marzia_du@yahoo.com
Agricultural Pattern of Rasulpur Village (Gazaria Upazila)
(Rabi Season)
Agriculture is the science and practice of producing crops. The other sub-sectors of
agriculture are livestock, poultry, fish & fisheries, & forest & forestry. The agriculture
of Bangladesh largely depends on the amount and distribution of the rainfall i.e. the
southwest monsoon, which comes during June-October.
Cropping pattern is a spatial and temporal arrangement of crops within a cropping
year, largely determined by physical, biological, and socio-economic factors. There
are three cropping seasons (Rabi, Kharif-I or Pre-Kharif, and Kharif-II) during a year
in Bangladesh. A large number of cropping patterns are generally practised in
Bangladesh, depending on the crop production environment which is greatly
influenced by land type, soil texture, flooding regimes, rainfall (amount and
distribution) and resource base of the farmers. Some dominant cropping patterns
under variable crop production environments are as follows:
Table 1: Some dominant cropping patterns under variable crop production environments.
Rabi Kharif-I Kharif-II
Rainfed
condition
Wheat/Potato/Pulses/Oilseeds/Sugarcane Boro
Aus/Jute
Fallow
Irrigated
condition
Wheat/Boro/Wheat/Potato/ Tobacco/Vegetables Fallow T
Aus
T Aman
Fallow
General description of Gazaria Upazila
Gazaria upazila is situated at the eastern part of Munshiganj district. The upazila is
bounded by Sonargaon & Homna Upazilas on the north, Matlab upazila on the
south, Daudkandi upazila on the east, Munshiganj Sadar, Sonargaon Upazila & the
Meghna River on the west. It is situated between 23029’ & 23036’ North latitude &
90034’ & 90043’ East latitude. The upazila has an area of 130.92sq.Km.
(50.56sq.mile).
Figure 1: Gazaria upazila
Administrative Unit
Gazaria thana was established in 1954 & was turned into an upazila in 1983. It
consists of 8 union parishads, 114 mouzas & 133 villages (Population Census-
2001).
Climate
Climate is sub tropical. Hot weather is from March to May, Southwest monsoon from
June to September, Northeast monsoon from October to December) and winter from
December to February.
Gazaria upazilla receives an annual average rainfall of 1169 to 2850 mm, the most
of which come from southwest monsoon. The rains normally begin in the second
week of June and lasts till September (Southwest monsoon), which marks the main
growing season (locally known as Kharif). The month of July is when the area
receives most of its rain. The second rainfall occurs in October-November. Winter
starts in December and lasts till March (locally known as Rabi season) and crop
production is through small irrigation. No or very little rainfall is expected during this
period.
Table 2: Average Temperature of Gazaria Upazila (2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average
Temperature
(0C)
18.8 21.6 26.1 28.7 28.8 28.8 28.6 28.7 28.7 27.3 23.7 19.9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average Temperature of Gazaria Upazila (2000)
Month
Aver
age
Tem
pera
ture
0C
Chart 1: Average Temperature of Gazaria Upazila (2000)
Main occupations
Agriculture 37.05%
Agricultural laborer 17.2%
Wage laborer 2.28%
Fishery 4%
Commerce 13.75%
Service 12.10%
Transport 1.71%
Others 11.91%.
Population
According to the Population Census of 2001, Gazaria upazila has a population of
13810 with a growth rate of 0.73.
1981 1991 20010
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Growth rate of population of Gazaria upazila(1981-2001)
Year
Gro
wth
ra
te
Chart 2: Changing growth rate of population of Gazaria upazila(1981-2001).
Soil
The area is covered with different soils. As per soil structure, three types of soil are
in the Gazaria upazila. Figure 2 shows the soil group of the study area. Heavy
clayey soil prevails over the major part of the study area. Light clayey soil occupies
the second position in the area, while Heavy loamy soil prevails over a smaller area.
Figure 2: Soil classification map of the study area - Gazaria upazila
Literacy
Average literacy 53.8%
Male 57.4%
Female 50.1%
Agriculture
Agriculture is the main activity in the study area. The main food grains grown include
potato, maize, pepper, onion, mustard, winter vegetables, etc. Sugarcane and a
variety of other pulses are also grown. These crops are grown either under irrigation
or rain fed or both.
The area is characterized by two growing seasons. The main growing season starts
in November and ends in April (Rabi). The main source of water for crop production
is the moisture stored from wet monsoon. The second growing season starts in June
and last until September (Kharif).
Land use
Cultivable land 7430 hectares, fallow land 24 hectares; single crop 45%, double crop
45%, triple crop 10%. Cultivable land under irrigation 29%.
Photograph 1: Photograph of potato field.
Photograph 2: Photograph of mustard field.
Land control
19% are landless
37% small peasant
28% intermediate
16% rich
Cultivable land per head 0.057 hectare.
Methodology
Data are collected from secondary & primary sources. Secondary data are collected
from Soil Resources Development Institute (SRDI), Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
(BBS), and Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE). The primary data are
collected from the plot to plot observation of Rasulpur village. Excel & Arc GIS
software’s are used in study for producing tables, charts & digitizing maps.
Observation
Rabi is the driest season for agriculture in Rasulpur village. During the field survey, it
was found that potato is the main commercial & dominant crop of Rasulpur village in
the rabi season. Because of its high productivity & high price in the market, potato is
grown more than the other crops. Moreover the soil & climatic condition in rabi
season are best for potato cultivation. Beside these IRRI, mustard & wheat are
cultivated.
Table 3: Number by type of holdings & land use.
MauzaAll
holdings
Agricultural
labor
households
Operated
area
Cultivated
area
Net
irrigated
area
Net fertilized
area
Rasulpur 623 127 335 273 40 205
Source: BBS (2001)
Table 4: Agricultural Land Use according to Percentage (%).
Agricultural Land Use Percentage (%)
Fallow 0.68
IRRI 4.44
Mustard 7.85
Potato 83.62
Wheat 3.41
Total 100
Source: Field Survey (2011)
1%
4%8%
84%
3%
Percentage(%) of Agricultural Land Use of Rasulpur village
FallowIRRIMustardPotatoWheat
Chart 3: Agricultural Land Use according to Percentage (%)
Reference
Agro-climatic survey of Bangladesh(1975), IRRI, Manila.
Population Census – 2001Community Series, ZIla: Munshiganj; Bangladesh
Bureau of Statistics.
Census of Agriculture (1996), Zila Series- Munshiganj; Bangladesh Bureau of
Statistics.
Upazila Nirdeshika Series- 411(2002), SRDI, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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