Africa’s Size # Second largest continent 11.7 million sq miles # 10% of the world’s population. # 2 ½ times the size of the U. S.
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Africa’s Size
# Second largest continent 11.7 million sq miles
# 10% of the world’s population.
# 2 ½ times the size of the U. S.
Topography
Of AFRICA…A giant plateau! Nile River
Congo River
Zambezi River
Niger River
Orange River
Limpopo River
Mediterranean Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Red Sea
L. Victoria
L. Albert-->
L. Chad-->
L. Tanganyika->
<--G
ulf o
f Aden
Drajensburg
Mts.
Ruw
enzo
ri Mts.
Δ Mt. Kenya
Δ Mt. Kilimanjaro
Sahara Desert
Sahel
Kalahari
Desert
Nam
ib D
ese
rt
Libyan Desert
Gre
at
Rif
t V
alley
Atlas M
ts.
Tropic of Cancer 20° N
Tropic of Capricorn20° S
Equator 0°
latitude & trade winds = “striped” climate & vegetation pattern on the continent.
Climate & Vegetation
Absence of coastal mtn ranges also impacts climate.
Mt. Kilimanjaro: Tanzania
Glacier has been melting… 80% loss from 1912 to present day.
What element of
LEMPOSA contributes to the glacier and the
snow found on Kilimanjaro?
The Mighty Nile River:
“Longest River in the World”Farmers DEPEND on this River as a source of water for their farms, and before the Aswan High Dam was built, farmers depended on the nutrients left behind as natural fertilizer for the soil and thus their crops. Negative impact for people being relocated & for farmers.
The Sahara Desert:Desertification• Over the last 11,000 years
the Sahara has been growing…
Causes:1. Overgrazing 2. Farming “average” land3. Destruction of plants4. Incorrect irrigation 5. Changes in the Earth’s orbit 6. Atmospheric & vegetation changes in the subtropical regions.
African Savannah: 5 million sq miles
Rolling grassland scattered with shrubs & isolated trees.
Can be found between a tropical rainforest and desert biome
African Rain Forest
# Annual rainfall of up to 17 ft.
# Rapid decomposition (very humid).
# Covers 37 countries, 15% of the land surface of Africa.
Bantu Migrations
1000-1800 AD: Large wave of migrations from W to E Africa.
1st to arrive: The Bantu from the Congo or Niger Delta Basin
“Bantu” = group of people who speak the same/similar language with common word “NTU” , means “a person”
The Middle Passage
The portion of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were shipped to North America as their need for people to farm the land rose.
Slaves were sold, or often kidnapped.
Age-Group Differences Developing vs. Industrialized countries
Age-Group Differences Developing vs. Industrialized countries
Education
Compulsory in much of Africa.
Obstacles: Lack of teachers in rural
areas Gov’t spend more $$ on
military Boys education takes
priority over girls. College limited & hard
to get into.
Health
A combination of new diseases and reemerging old ones is putting the lives of millions of Africans in serious jeopardy. HIV/AIDS
1st case – 1959 in Belgian Congo Reasons for spread:
Multiple partners. Mother-to-child Lack of education & superstitious beliefs
Malaria “silent killer” Spread by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito Kills 700,000 children every year.
Religion
Animist/traditional Centered around
Creator Life does not end,
you become one of the ancestors.
No written holy text
Islam Christianity
Be sure to review “religion” notes
Common Traits or Characteristics of Traditional African Tribal Life
1. The good of the group comes ahead of the good of the individual.
2. All land is owned by the group.
3. Strong feeling of loyalty to the group.
4. Important ceremonies at different parts of a person’s life.
5. Special age and work associations.
6. Deep respect for ancestors.
7. Religion is an important part of everyday life.
8. Government is in the hands of the chiefs [kings].
ECONOMY
http://www.cartercenter.org/index.html
African Economy
Many = subsistence farmers & herders.
Colonial Period brought transportation & trade routes
African governments trying to develop economy through manufacturing.
Level of Development
Look at the chart from
1870 to 2007:
What do you
notice? Africa
stopped catching
up to Asia & Latin
Am
“Brain Drain”
“brain drain” when a country becomes short of skills b/c people with expertise emigrate.
Why leave? Education Why not return home?
economic & political issues
1960-1975: 27,000 Africans left
1960 – 1975: 40,000 left By 1990 at least 20,000
leave the continent annually.
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