Transcript
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Federal AviationAdministration
1NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
Federal AviationAdministrationBASIC
AERODYNAMICS PART I
PRESENTED BY: Dennis H. Whitley
FAASTeam Lea Re!"esentati#eNORTH FLORIDA RE$ION
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Federal AviationAdministration
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
SHOW ME A PILOT THATCAN%T ANSWER A
CORRELATI&E '(ESTION
AND)OR CAN%T PERFORM A$I&EN TAS*+ , I%LL SHOW
YO( A PILOT THAT DOESN%T(NDERSTAND WHATHE)SHE IS TRYIN$ TO
ACCOMPLISH.
MY MOTTO
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Federal AviationAdministration
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OCTOBER 02, 2010
BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
FLI$HTINSTR(CTIN$ M(ST
NOT BE THE BY-PROD(CT OF
B(ILDIN$ FLI$HTHO(RS.
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$NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
B(ILDIN$ FLI$HTHO(RS M(ST BE
THE BY-PROD(CTOF FLI$HT
INSTR(CTIN$.
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%NORTH FLORIDA REGION
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
SAFETY
COMMITMENT
&S
DEDICATION
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&NORTH FLORIDA FSDO-
/
0AN(ARY 12+ 133
AEROD!NA"IC
'ART I
THIS DISC(SSION IS BASED ON
S(BSONIC AIRCRAFT AND WILL BE
4&ERY BASIC5
4NO FORM(LAS5
4&ERY LITTLE MATH5
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
WE WILL TAL* ABO(TATMOSPHERIC PRESS(RE
6 FORCES LIFT)WEI$HT)THR(ST)DRA$
$RO(ND EFFECT
T(RNIN$ TENDENCIES
TRIM DE&ICES
AERODYNAMICS OF SPINS
SLIPS)S*IDS
AD&ERSE YAW
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
WHAT ISATMOSPHERI
C PRESS(RE7
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ATMOSPHERIC PRESS(RE IS THEWEI$HT OF ALL THE AIR (PON THE
S(RFACE OF THE EARTH.
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
WHAT DOES 83 h9MEANS7HOW WAS ATMOSPHERIC
PRESS(RE MEAS(RED7
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"ERC*R! CONTAINER+ITH"ERC*R!
GLA T*BE1*AREINCHIN NERDIA"E TERB!#%INCH ETALLR*LERTOR ICELLI-"EA *RE"ENT
"ERC*R! CONTAINER+ITH"ERC*R!
GLA T*BE1*AREINCHIN NERDIA"E TERB!#%INCH ETALLR*LERTOR ICELLI-"EA *RE"ENT
" E R C * R !
C O N T A I N E R+ I T H" E R C * R !
G L A T * B E 1 , * A R E I N C H I N N E R D I A " E T E R B !
# % I N C H E T A L L
R * L E R
T O R I C E L L I - " E A * R E " E N T
8
YARD STIC*
8 INCHES TALL
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" E R C * R I A LB A R O " E T E R
T O R I C E L L I - R * L E R
8
YARD STIC*
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" E R C * R I A LB A R O " E T E R
T O R I C E L L I - R * L E R
8
YARD STIC*
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E A L E . E L
A T " O ' H E R I C ' R E * R E
# 0 / 0 0
" E R C * R I A LB A R O " E T E R
T O R I C E L L I -
" E R C * R !
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HOW WAS THE
DROP OF PRESS(REWITH ALTIT(DE
&ERIFIED7
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HOW WAS THE
WEI$HT OF THEAIR DETERMINED7
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M E R C U R Y
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1 $ / ( l s / 1 $ / ( l s /
1 , * A R E I N C H
2 / 2 3 4 /
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
WHAT
IS AN ALTIMETER7
A PRESS(REDIFFERENTIAL
$A($E
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FROMSO(RCE
H$3
/
63
3
8/
83
1/13
/
H$
3
/
63
3
8/
83
1/13
/
H$3
/
63
3
8/
83
1/13
/
FROMSO(RCE
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StaticPort
Kollsman
Window
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SEA LE&EL
static port
pressure
31.00 h.
sea
le!el
pressure
31.00 h.
8.338.33
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sea
le!elpressure
31.00 h.
static portpressure
"3.00 h.
8.338.33
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WHAT IS
ALTIMETER
SETTIN$7SEA LE&EL PRESS(RE
CORRECTED FORNONSTANDARD
TEMPERAT(RE.
WHAT IS THE MAIN REASON
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WHAT IS THE MAIN REASONTHAT AN AIRPLANE IS ABLE
TO FLY7BECA(SE OF THE WEI$HT
OF THE AIR.In ;the"
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
The @"an>h ;? s>ien>e
that eals e @y ai" ;es >alle airfoils.
DEFINITION OFAERODYNAMICS
IS THERE ANY THIN$ WRON$
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
IS THERE ANY THIN$ WRON$WITH THIS PICT(RE7
TWO THIN$S
THE FLOWIN$ OF THE RELATI&E WIND
THE DIRECTION OF THE RELATI&E WIND
CAN WE FLY WITH A FLAT
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CAN WE FLY WITH A FLATWIN$7
ST LAW:
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#0NORTH FLORIDA REGION
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
AT CR(ISE COSTANT ALTIT(DE
LAW:E#e"y ;@e>t in a state ;? ni?;"m m;ti;n tens t;
"emain in that state ;? m;ti;n nless an ete"nal ?;">e isa!!lie t; it.8RD LAW:
F;" e#e"y a>ti;n the"e is an eal an ;!!;site"ea>ti;n.
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#1NORTH FLORIDA REGION
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
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Federal AviationAdministration
#2NORTH FLORIDA REGION
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
INIM(M MANE(&ERIN$ SPEEDINIM(M MANE(&ERIN$ SPEED
SLOW FLI$HTSLOW FLI$HT
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##NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
STALLSTALL
PA-1 SERIES
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
WHAT IS THE DEFINITIONOF FOIL7
TO PRE&ENT FROM BEIN$S(CCESSF(L
TO THWART
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AIRFOILAny s"?a>e esi9ne t;ee>t the ai";< !assin9;#e" it ;" st"iGin9 it+ anthe"e@y ;@tainin9 an se?l"ea>ti;n
AN AIRFOIL IS ANAIR DEFLECTOR
HOW MANY
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HOW MANY
AIRFOILS ARETHERE7
AIRPLANE WIN$
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
AIRPLANE WIN$.
AILERONS.
SLATS
LANDIN$ FLAPS.
&ERTICAL STABILIER.
R(DDER.
HORIONTAL STABILIER.
ELE&ATOR)STABILATOR
TRIM TABS.
PROPELLER.
ROTOR BLADE.
F(SELA$E.F(SELA$E.
FEARIN$.FEARIN$.
STR(TS.STR(TS.
WHAT IS LIFT7
http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/%23Slide%2090http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/%23Slide%2077http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/%23Slide%2077http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/%23Slide%20907/24/2019 Aerodynamics (21).ppt
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WHAT IS LIFT7
A FORCE CREATED BYA FORCE CREATED BY
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
A FORCE CREATED BYA FORCE CREATED BY
A DEFLECTION OF AIRA DEFLECTION OF AIR
AND PRESS(RE DIFFERENTIAL ARO(ND ANAND PRESS(RE DIFFERENTIAL ARO(ND ANAIRFOIL.AIRFOIL.
IS CALLED LIFT WHEN IT ACTS (PWARD.IS CALLED LIFT WHEN IT ACTS (PWARD.
WHEN IT ACTS DOWNWARD IS CALLEDWHEN IT ACTS DOWNWARD IS CALLED
NE$ATI&E LIFT.NE$ATI&E LIFT.
WHEN IT ACTS SIDEWAYS IS CALLED SIDEWHEN IT ACTS SIDEWAYS IS CALLED SIDE
LIFT.LIFT.WHEN IT ACTS FORWARD IS CALLED THR(STWHEN IT ACTS FORWARD IS CALLED THR(ST
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HOW IS LIFT
CREATED7
DEFLECTION -- ISSACNEWTON
AIR%S CHAN$E OF DIRECTION--BERNO(LLISPRINCIPLE
PRESS(RE DIFERENTIAL-- BERNO(LLIS
PRINCIPLE
AIR PASSIN$ BY AN
AIRFOIL
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WHAT%S WRON$ WITH THIS
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
WHAT%S WRON$ WITH THISPICT(RE
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OCTOBER 02, 2010
BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
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$$NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
CAN WE FLY
WITHO(T THE HELPOF BERNO(LLIS7
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
THR(ST
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
THR(STThrust is a reaction force described
quantitatively by Newton's second andthird laws. When a system expels or
accelerates mass in one direction theaccelerated mass will cause a proportionalbut opposite force on that system.
LIFT
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LIFTLIFTis a reaction force described
quantitatively by Newton's second andthird laws. When a system expels or
accelerates mass in one direction theaccelerated mass will cause a proportionalbut opposite force on that system.
Thrust is LIT !I"#$T#! %"W&"!.
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
THE PROPELLER%S DEFLECTION OF AIRTHE PROPELLER%S DEFLECTION OF AIR
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%#NORTH FLORIDA REGION
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
DRA$
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%$NORTH FLORIDA REGION
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
PARASITE DRA$
FORM
INTERFERENCE
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Administration
%%NORTH FLORIDA REGION
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
$RO(ND EFFECT
COMMANDER TYSON
IND(CED DRA$
STA$NATION AREA
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Administration
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
ASS(MEDASS(MED
AN$LEAN$LEOF ATTAC*OF ATTAC*
ASS(MED RELATI&E WINDASS(MED RELATI&E WIND
ASS(MEDASS(MED
LIFTLIFT
DOWNWASH
(PWASHRELATI&E WIND
IS THAT RI$HT7IS THAT RI$HT7
STA$NATION (PWASH
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%(NORTH FLORIDA REGION
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
AREADOWNWAS
HRELATI&E C(RRENT
ASS(MEDASS(MED
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
ASS(MEDASS(MED
LIFTLIFT
IND(CED RELATI&E WINDIND(CED RELATI&E WIND
IND(CEDIND(CED
AN$LEAN$LE
OF ATTAC*OF ATTAC*
IND(CEDIND(CED
LIFTLIFT
DOWNWASDOWNWASHHASS(MEDASS(MED
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
IND(CED RELATI&E WINDIND(CED RELATI&E WIND
IND(CEDIND(CED
AN$LEAN$LE
OF ATTAC*OF ATTAC*
HHASS(MEDASS(MED
LIFTLIFT
IND(CEDIND(CED
LIFTLIFT
ASS(MEDASS(MEDDOWNWASDOWNWASHH
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&0NORTH FLORIDA REGION
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
ASS(MEDASS(MED
LIFTLIFT
IND(CED RELATI&E WINDIND(CED RELATI&E WIND
IND(CEDIND(CED
AN$LEAN$LE
OF ATTAC*OF ATTAC*
IND(CEDIND(CED
LIFTLIFT
HH
WIN$WIN$
TIPTIP
&ORTICE&ORTICE
SSTOTAL END(CED DRA$TOTAL END(CED DRA$
WIN$WIN$
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(PWASH MODIFIES(PWASH MODIFIES
RELATI&E WINDRELATI&E WIND
DOWNWASH P(LLSDOWNWASH P(LLS
BAC* ON LIFT &ECTORBAC* ON LIFT &ECTOR
WIN$ TIP &ORTICES P(LLS LIFT &ECTOR F(RTHER BAC*WIN$ TIP &ORTICES P(LLS LIFT &ECTOR F(RTHER BAC*
WIN$WIN$
THREE-DIMENSIONALTHREE-DIMENSIONAL
FLOWFLOW
ASS(MEDASS(MEDDOWNWASDOWNWASHH
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ASS(MEDASS(MED
LIFTLIFT
IND(CED RELATI&E WINDIND(CED RELATI&E WIND
IND(CEDIND(CED
AN$LEAN$LE
OF ATTAC*OF ATTAC*
IND(CEDIND(CED
LIFTLIFT
HH
WIN$WIN$
TIPTIP
&ORTICE&ORTICE
SSTOTAL END(CED DRA$TOTAL END(CED DRA$
ASS(MEDASS(MEDDOWNWASDOWNWASHH
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ASS(MEDLIFTLIFT
IND(CED RELATI&E WINDIND(CED RELATI&E WIND
IND(CEDIND(CED
AN$LEAN$LE
OF ATTAC*OF ATTAC*
IND(CEDIND(CED
LIFTLIFT
HH
ASS(MEDASS(MED
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
LIFTLIFT
IND(CEDIND(CED
AN$LEAN$LE
OF ATTAC*OF ATTAC*
IND(CEDIND(CED
LIFTLIFT
IND(CED RELATI&E WINDIND(CED RELATI&E WIND
WASHO(T
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BAIC AEROD!NA"IC
WASHO(T
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W#$% &'ES
%#E
S%$()*$%'R
&'+
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W#$% &'ES%#E
$,%)-SER'
%$( &'+
STABILIED (NACCELERATED CLIMB
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A
B
C
IF DESCENDIN$
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IF DESCENDIN$
IN A 3 J BAN*
HOW MANY $ %S7
DYHEADRAL
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DYHEADRAL
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AD&ERSE
YAW
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O&ERBAN*IN$TENDENCIES
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MANE(&ERIN$SPEED &A
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