Advancements in Laser Beam Machining

ADVANCEMENTS IN LASER BEAM MACHINING

Presented by:Mr. VIVEK SATHOO

T.E.(303080)Production Engineering Department

S.C.O.E. ,Pune-41(2013-2014)

Guide:

Prof. J. H. SHINDE

NEED FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL MACHINING

• Emergence of Advanced Engineering Materials• Stringent design requirements• Intricate shape • Unusual size of workpiece • Hence, it was realized to develop some nonconventional

machining methods known as advanced machining processes (AMPs).

LBM: INTRODUCTION

• Laser beam machining (LBM) is one of the most widely used thermal energy based non-contact type advance machining process which can be applied for almost whole range of material.

• As the name suggest it uses LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiaton) for operations.

• Laser is a coherent and amplified beam of Light.

• An important property of light is that it has no volume, photons have no charge, so when concentrated into a very small space, they do not repulse each other like negative charged electrons do.

CONSTRUCTION

WORKING• Material removal during LBM includes different stages such as : (i) melting (ii) vaporization (iii) chemical degradation (chemical bonds are broken which

causes the materials to degrade).

• When a high energy density laser beam is focused on work surface the thermal energy is absorbed which heats and transforms the workpiece into a molten, vaporized or chemically changed state that can easily be removed by flow of high pressure assist gas jet (which accelerates the transformed material and ejects it from machining zone).

ADVANCEMENTS IN LBM PROCESS

• Nano Machining• Electronic Equipments• Micro machine devices• Biochemical & Medical field• Space Filtering of the beam

NEW TECHNOLOGIES

• Microvia drilling• Direct copper structuring• Ultra short pulsed lasers• Metal vapour lasers• Laser beam guidance• Fibre lasers

Microvia Drilling• Improves routing density of buildup layers• Reduces chip spacing• Process free of carbonized debris & HAZ• Imroves electrical performance

Holes created by microvia drilling

Ultra Short Pulsed Lasers

• Femtosecond lasers• Used in 3D microstructuring• Grooving ( Very fine, sub-micron

residual surface finish)• Thermal influences are minimised• Example of femtosecond laser

machining of silicon wafers are:

50 & 20 ùm width cut by 200fs

Laser Beam Guidance

• Fibre optics offers great flexibility of the beam delivery

• Uses total internal reflection• Angle of incident equals the

angle of reflection• Beam travels along fibre core• Beam driven into the fibre

cable using collimator

Laser Beam Guidance

Laser beam

Lens

Water chamber

Water laser jet

workpiece

Laser water jet machining setup

APPLICATIONS

Laser cladding of engine parts

Laser micromachining of glass

Different applications of laser in automotive industry

CONCLUSION

• LBM is a powerful machining method for cutting complex profiles

• LBM is also suitable for precise machining of microparts

• Low energy efficiency• Performance depends mainly on laser parameters

REFERENCES[1] Avinash Kumar Dubey, Vinod Yadava, “Laser beam machining ___A review” Department of Mechanical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology,Allahabad 211004, UP, India, 16 May 2007. Page No. 610,611,613,614,615

[2] Avinash Kumar Dubey, Vinod Yadava, “Experimental study of Nd:YAG laser beam machining___An overview”Department of Mechanical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology,Allahabad 211004, UP, India, 11 September 2006. Page No.17,18,19

[3] Anoop N. Samant, Narendra B. Dahotre, “An integrated computational approach to single-dimensional laser machining of magnesia”Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, 326Dougherty Engineering Building, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA, 4 July 2008

Thank You…!!!

Thank You…!!!