ABRIEFHISTORYOFSOFTWARE - Berkeley Law · 2018. 1. 12. · 60 70 80 90 00 10 20 TRADE"SECRETS" Mainframes" Minicomputers" PCs WorldWideWeb" CloudCompung Mobile"CompuAng" &OpenSource"
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“A BRIEF HISTORY OF SOFTWARE” From Mainframes to Mobile
David L. Hayes Fenwick & West LLP April 14, 2016
SOFTWARE
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“A BRIEF HISTORY OF SOFTWARE” From Mainframes to Mobile
David L. Hayes Fenwick & West LLP April 15, 2016
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“A BRIEF HISTORY OF SOFTWARE” From Mainframes to Mobile
David L. Hayes Fenwick & West LLP April 15, 2016
SOFTWARE
DAVID HAYES
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“A BRIEF HISTORY OF SOFTWARE” From Mainframes to Mobile
David L. Hayes Fenwick & West LLP April 15, 2016
SOFTWARE
DAVID HAYES
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60 70 80 90 00 10 20
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
Mobile CompuAng
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60 70 80 90 00 10 20
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
Mobile CompuAng
IBM 1400
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Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
Mobile CompuAng
PDP 11
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Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
Mobile CompuAng
IBM PC
MAC
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Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
Mobile CompuAng
BERNERS LEE
MOSAIC BROWSER
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Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
Mobile CompuAng
SALESFORCE
ANDROID OS & FIRST iPHONE
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Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
Mobile CompuAng
100 BILLIONTH DOWNLOAD FROM APP STORE
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PATENTS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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PATENTS
Benson 1972
Flook 1978
Diehr 1981
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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PATENTS
Freeman-‐Walter-‐ Abele Test 1982
Alappat 1994
State Street Bank 1998
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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PATENTS
Freeman-‐Walter-‐ Abele Test 1982
Alappat 1994
State Street Bank 1998
TradiAonalists Radicals Literalists
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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PATENTS Bilski 2008
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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State Street Bank 1998
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PATENTS
Bilski v. Kappos 2010
Alice 2014
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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PATENTS
Mortgage Grader 2016
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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PATENTS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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11 Tests for Patentability
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PATENTS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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COPYRIGHTS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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COPYRIGHTS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
IBM 1400 1959
PDP 11 1970
1976 Copyright Act
VISICALC 1979
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COPYRIGHTS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
Mac 1984
Whelan v Jaslow 1986
So[klone 1987
Lotus 123 1983
Lotus v Paperback 1990
Consultec 1991
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COPYRIGHTS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
Altai 1992
Apple v Microso[ 1994
Lotus v Borland 1996
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COPYRIGHTS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
Altai 1992
Apple v Microso[ 1994
Lotus v Borland 1996
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COPYRIGHTS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
StandardizaAon on Windows & Mac OS and web browsers 2000
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COPYRIGHTS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
Oracle v Google 2014
Mass market Uncertainty of SW patents Open source Cloud compuAng
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COPYRIGHTS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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TRADE SECRETS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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TRADE SECRETS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
Beginning of PC era
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TRADE SECRETS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
Look & feel
Salesforce 1999
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TRADE SECRETS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
Look & feel
Cloud compuAng Engineer mobility Open source So[ware patents
Worlds of Warcra[ 2004
Office 365 2011
Alice 2014
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TRADE SECRETS
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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Alice 2014
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A BRIEF HISTORY of SOFTWARE
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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A BRIEF HISTORY of SOFTWARE
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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Why is soSware so hard to protect?
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“SoSware” is not a monolithic thing
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7 key characterisVcs
1. SoSware is inherently funcVonal
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1. SoSware is inherently funcVonal
Requires creaVvity, but for funcVonal outcomes
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1. SoSware is inherently funcVonal
Interoperability
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2. SoSware embodies mulVple types of creaVvity
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2. SoSware embodies mulVple types of creaVvity
TradiVonal expression (games)
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2. SoSware embodies mulVple types of creaVvity
Line by line code
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2. SoSware embodies mulVple types of creaVvity
Non-‐literal internal elements (SSO, data
formats, command sets)
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2. SoSware embodies mulVple types of creaVvity
External interfaces (APIs, input formats, GUI)
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3. SoSware evoluVon is oSen incremental
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3. SoSware evoluVon is oSen incremental
Limited record of prior art (it’s oSen just in the code)
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3. SoSware evoluVon is oSen incremental
ProtecVon of incremental changes may not be very
important
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3. SoSware evoluVon is oSen incremental
Object oriented programming and reuse of code
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4. SoSware is increasingly short lived
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4. SoSware is increasingly short lived
UNIX 50 yrs (1969)
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4. SoSware is increasingly short lived
UNIX 50 yrs (1969)
Mainframe 10-‐20 yrs
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4. SoSware is increasingly short lived
UNIX 50 yrs (1969)
Mainframe 10-‐20 yrs
PC so[ware 6 mos -‐ 2 yrs
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4. SoSware is increasingly short lived
UNIX 50 yrs (1969)
Mainframe 10-‐20 yrs
PC so[ware 6 mos -‐ 2 yrs
Mobile app A few weeks
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5. SoSware development methodology has evolved
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5. SoSware development methodology has evolved
Small development teams working over a long Vme
(mainframes)
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5. SoSware development methodology has evolved
Large enterprise development teams using
top down methods
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5. SoSware development methodology has evolved
Inter-‐company joint development
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5. SoSware development methodology has evolved
Agile development
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5. SoSware development methodology has evolved
Open source
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6. SoSware exists in many different markets
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6. SoSware exists in many different markets
Discrete, small markets for mainframe soSware
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6. SoSware exists in many different markets
Medium size markets for enterprise soSware
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6. SoSware exists in many different markets
Mass markets for consumer soSware
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6. SoSware exists in many different markets
EssenVally infinite markets for mobile apps
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7. SoSware has many different distribuVon and use architectures
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7. SoSware has many different distribuVon and use architectures
On premises
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7. SoSware has many different distribuVon and use architectures
Client/server
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7. SoSware has many different distribuVon and use architectures
Cloud compuVng (public and private)
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7. SoSware has many different distribuVon and use architectures
SaaS/ASP/On-‐demand
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7. SoSware has many different distribuVon and use architectures
Grid compuVng & other forms of
distributed compuVng
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7. SoSware has many different distribuVon and use architectures
Peer-‐to-‐peer
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7. SoSware has many different distribuVon and use architectures
Mobile compuVng
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A BRIEF HISTORY of SOFTWARE
Mainframes Minicomputers PCs World Wide Web Mobile CompuAng Cloud CompuAng & Open Source
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“There you have it”
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