Transcript
A Comparative Phytochemical and Physicochemical Evaluation:
Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti
Sujatha Hewageegana Menuka ArawwawalaAnurakumara TisseraSami Ariyawansa Induragare Dammaratana
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Introduction
Objectives
Materials and Methods
Results
Conclusion
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Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna (Behet anguna)Both come under one botanical name -
Wattakaka volubilis (Linn.f)
Family: Asclepiadaceae
• Both creepers are large twining shrubs, with long glabrous branches, Leaves thin, ovate
1. Bitter variety2. Sweet variety
Introduction
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Wattakaka volubilis
Kiri anguna (Behet anguna)Tikta anguna
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• Parts Used:• Leaves, roots and tender stalks are used
• Actions and common uses:
• Leaves are used for boils and abscesses as an application
• Roots and tender stalks are used for expectorant properties
in Ayurveda and traditional medicine
• Lactogenic
• Aphrodisiac
• Sweet variety –cooling and Tonic5
Jeewanti Leptadenia reticulate (Retz) Wight and Arn.
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Family : Asclepiadaceae
A much - branched twining
shrub, branches numerous
and younger ones glabrous,
Leaves thin, ovate
• Parts Used:Both roots and leaves
Actions and common uses:
Both roots and leaves - Skin infections, wounds
Leaves - cough, as a respiratory stimulant,
Lactogenic
Aphrodisiac
Cooling and Tonic
L. reticulate
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Research background : Ayurvedic texts contain lot of
simple and effective as well as both externally and
internally used medicinal preparations, containing
Jeewanti (L. reticulata)
Jeewanti is found in most parts of India, but it is not
available in Sri Lanka We had to find a most suitable substitute for Jeewanti
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• According to literature survey and the
conversation with Senior Scientist in charge,
Haldummulla Research Gardens, we were
able to find morphologically, nearly similar
two plants (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna)
for Jeewanti
• In addition, they have similar practices for
disease conditions9
Comparison of the Two plants L. reticulate and W. volubilis
L. reticulate W. volubilis
Family Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae
Classical names Jivanti, Svarnajivanti, Tittajivanti
Hemajivanti, Sujivanti, Svarnajivantika
Morphology Many similarities Many similarities
Common uses Skin ailmentsRespiratory tract infectionsENT disordersLactogenicBurning sensationAntipyreticUse for poisoningAphrodisiacIncrease urination
Skin ailmentsRespiratory tract infectionsENT disordersLactogenicBurning sensationAntipyreticUse for poisoningAphrodisiacIncrease urination
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Purpose of this study was to investigate the
possibility of using Tikta-anguna and Kiri-
anguna as substitutes for Jeewanti
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Objectives To compare the phytochemical parameters of
W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) and L. reticulata (Jeewanti)
To compare the physicochemical parameters of W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) and L. reticulata (Jeewanti)
To compare the fingerprint profiles of W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) and L. reticulata (Jeewanti)
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Materials and Methods
W. volubilis (both varieties) were collected from Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authentication was done by Scientist , Botany Division, BMARI, Navinna, Maharagama
Voucher specimen No : W 2561
L. reticulata was collected from Jamnagar, India
Authentication was done by Botanist, Vidyaratnam Foundation
(Research and Development Section), Thrissur, Kerala, India,
according to the standards of Ayurveda Pharmacopeia in India
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Plant materials
• Plant materials (leaves with tender stalk) were
shade dried and cut into small pieces
Then prepared the powder using the grinder
• Materials were kept in air tight containers until
used
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Screening of Phytochemical compounds
Presence /Absence of
• Phenolic compounds
Flavanoids
Tannins
• Coumarins
• Alkaloids
• Saponins
• Steroid glycosides 15
• Determination of physicochemical
parameters
Physicochemical parameters were evaluated
according to WHO standards
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Hot Water Extract (HWE)
Hot Ethanol Extract (HEE)
Cold Water Extract (CWE)
Cold Ethanol Extract (CEE)
% Extractable mater = Weight of extract x 100 Weight of sample
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Extractable matter in
Ash Content :
1. % Total ash = Ash Weight x 100
Weight of sample
2. % Acid-insoluble ash = Acid insoluble Ash Weight x 100 Weight of sample
3. % Water-soluble ash =
Total Ash Weight - water insoluble residue in total ash x 100 Weight of sample
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TLC fingerprint profiles of W. volubilis and L. reticulata
• Extract - methanol extract
• Plant material - 4.0 g
• Extracts were spotted on a silica gel plate and TLC
fingerprints were developed using
Dichloromethane: Ethyl acetate: Cyclohexane
(40:1:10 v/v/v)
• Vanillin-sulphuric acid reagent was used for colour
development 19
Statistical analysis
• Data were analyzed by using Mann Whitney
test and findings of p<0.05 was considered to
indicate statistical significance
• All data were presented as mean ± SEM
• All the values were express as dry weight of
the sample and they were performed in
triplicate for accuracy20
Table 1 : Phytochemical classes of W. volubilis varities and L. reticulata
Phytochemical
Classes
Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes
Tikta-anguna Kiri-anguna (Behet-anguna) Jeewanti(HWE) (HEE) (CWE) (CEE) (HWE) (HEE) (CWE) (CEE) (HWE) (HEE) (CWE) (CEE)
Phenolic
compounds
Saponins - - - - - -
Flavanoids - - - - - - - - - -
Steroid glycosides
Tannins
Coumarin - - - -
Alkaloids - - - - - - - - -21
Results
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• Screening of phytochemical compounds of
(a) cold and hot ethanol and water extracts of W. volubilis and L. reticulata revealed the presence of phenolic compounds,
tannins, and steroids
(b) cold and hot water extracts of W. volubilis and L. reticulata revealed the presence of saponins
(c) cold and hot ethanol and water extracts of L. reticulata and hot extracts of W. volubilis revealed the presence of coumarin
(d) In addition, hot water extract of W. volubilis contained flavanoids
Physico-chemical
parameters
W. Volubilis (%) - (Dry wt basis) L. Reticulata (%)
(Dry wt basis)
(Jeewanti)
Tikta anguna Kiri anguna
(Behet anguna)
Hot water extractable matter 37.37± 0.56 31.67 ± 0.33 31.54 ± 0.46
Hot ethanol extractable matter 19.62± 0.10 3.36 ± 0.05 13.19 ±0.42*
Cold water extractable matter 7.99± 0.04 7.01± 0.28 5.99 ± 0.49
Cold ethanol extractable matter 1.55± 0.02 1.37 ± 0.05 6.34± 0.13*
Total ash content 11.80± 0.07 16.46± 0.11 16.63 ± 0.30*
Acid-insoluble ash Content 0.91± 0.02 0.81± 0.01 2.30 ± 0.02*
Water-soluble ash Content 5.76± 0.21 6.11 ± 0.06 6.13 ± 0.03
Table 2: Physicochemical parameters of Wattakaka volubilis and Leptadenia reticulata
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Following three physicochemical parameters of Jeewanti
were significantly different from that of Tikta-anguna and
Kiri-anguna
1. Hot and Cold Ethanol Extractable matter
2. Total ash Content
3. Acid-insoluble ash Content
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1. L. reticulata (Jeewanti )
2. W. volubilis (Kiri-anguna)
3. W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna)
1 2 3 2µL 2µL 2µL
1 2 3 2µL 2µL 2µL
Wave length – at 254 nm After spraying Vanillin -sulphuric acid
3. TLC fingerprint profiles of Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti
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Red – Tikta anguna (W. volubilis)Blue – Kiri anguna (W. volubilis)Green – Jeewanti (L. reticulata)
TLC- densitogram fingerprint of Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti,
at 254 nm
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According to TLC fingerprints of
Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and
Jeewanti, similar compounds
were identified in three samples
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According to the results of this study,
phytochemical parameters, physicochemical
parameters and fingerprint profiles of Tikta-
anguna and Kiri-anguna have very similar
properties and they are similar to Jeewanti
also 28
conclusions
• As this study reveals, Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti
have more similarities in terms of phytochemical parameters,
physicochemical parameters and fingerprint profiles
• Therefore, both Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna can be used as
substitutes for Jeewanti in ayurvedic preparations
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According to traditional medicine, Kiri-anguna (Behet-anguna) is
commonly used for medicinal preparations
Further, Kiri-anguna (behet-anguna) can be considered as the
“sweet variety” of W. volubilis and it has similar properties such
as GUNA (Quality), RASA (Taste), VIPAK (Metabolism), VIRYA
(Potency), PRABHAV (Impact) to Jeewanti
• After considering all, we can conclude that kiri-anguna (behet-
anguna) is much better to use as a substitute for Jeewanti
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References• Parangepe, P., Indian medicinal Plants, 2005, Chaukhamba Sanskrit
Pratishthan, Delhi.pp 116-117
• Jayaweera, D.M.A., Medicinal Plants (Indigenous and Exotic) Used in
Ceylon, 2006, The National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka, pp 225
• Kirtikar, K. R., Basu, B. D., Indian Medicinal Plants- volume III, 1996,Valley
offset printers and publishers, Dehra Dun, pp 2267-2268
• Senaratna, L. K., A Check List of Flowering Plants of Sri Lanka, 2001, The
National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka, pp 46
• Sharma, P.C., Yelne, M.B., Dennis, T.J., Database on Medicinal plants used
in Ayurveda, 2002, Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha,
New Delhi. Pp 270-272 31
Acknowledgement
• Mr Piyal Marasingha – Senior scientist , Dept of Ayurveda
• Dr. Sudeesh Kumar and the Vidyaratnam Foundation (Research and Development Section), Thrissur, Kerala, India
• Industrial Technology Institute
• National Centre for Advanced Studies for Humanities and Social Sciences (NCAS)
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» Jeewanti Tikta-angunaKiri-anguna (Bitter verity)
(Sweet verity)
• Rasa Madhura Katu, Tikta Madhura• Guna Laghu, Snigdha Ruksha, Laghu Laghu, ……• Veerya sheeta Ushna Sheeta• Vipaka Madhura Katu Madhura• Prabhawa Jivniya
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