A brief sketch of the history of italian vocational education

Myths and Brands of Vocational Education –Tampere, 15° June 2013

Italian scholastic system in 1861

Elementaryschool 5 years

Technicalschool 3 year

Technicalinstitute 4 years

Gymnasium 5 years

Lyceum 3 years

Normal school 3 years

1878, Cairoli circular Cairoli circular established that the State could give to

each school the 2/5 of their whole outlay

The circular established two kinds of school:

The three – year industrial schools for industrial workers.

The three – year artistic industrial schools forcraftmen.

Italian technical and vocationalsystem in 1907

Elementaryschool 4 years

Technicalschool 3 years

Technicalinstitute 5

years

3° gradeVocational

school 4 years

Upper elementary

school 2 years

2° gradeVocational

school 4 years

3° gradeVocational

school 4 years

1° gradevocational

school 3 years

2° gradeVocational

school 4 years

3° gradeVocational

school 4 years

1907, Cocco – ortu Act The Cocco – Ortu Act organized vocational schools in

three grades.

The first grade was opened to the pupils had finishedelementary school.

The second one was opened to the pupils had finishedupper elementary school or has attended the first twoyear of first grade school.

The third one was opened to the pupils had finishedtechnical school or has attended the first three year ofsecond grade school.

1921, Rossi reformElementary

school 4 years

Workers’ school 3 years

Industrial school 4 years

Industrial institute 4

years

School workshop 2

years

Historical series from 1873 up to1917

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

Vocational students (industrial drawing courses included)

Technical tuition

Classical tuition

1923, Gentile Reform

Elementaryschool 5 years

Gymnasium 3 years

Classic Lyceum 3 years

ScientificLyceum 3 years

TechnicalInstitute 8 years

Normal Institute 8 years

Upper elementary

school 3 years

Complementaryschool 3 year

1928, Belluzzo reform In 1928 the Minister of National Education Belluzzo

established a new school, the scuola di avviamento (training school).

Here he grouped the upper elementary school, the complementary school and the workers’ school.

The industrial school was changed in the two – yearscuola tecnica (technical school).

Historical series from 1918 up to1941

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

Vocational tuition

Lyceum tuition

Technical institute tuition

Italian scholastic system in 1945Elementary

school 5 years

Middle school 3 years

Classic / Scientific

Lyceum 5 years

Normal school 4 years

Technicalinstitute 5 years

Training school 3 years

Technicalschool 2 years

Vocational institute 2 – 5

years

Art school 3 years

Italian scholastic system after 2009

Primary school 5 years

Lyceum 5 years (classical, scientific, human, artistic)

Technical institute 5 years Vocational Institute 5 years Vocational training 3 years

Middle school 3 years

Historical series from 1945 up 2007

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

194

5

194

7

194

9

1951

1953

1955

1957

1959

196

1

196

3

196

5

196

7

196

9

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

198

1

198

3

198

5

198

7

198

9

199

1

199

3

199

5

199

7

199

9

200

1

200

3

200

5

Vocational secondary tuition

Lyceum tuition

Technical institute tuition

CONCLUSIONS Statal commitment increased in order to develop a

backward framework.

However, like in France, Italian state did not considerthe differences among regions respect the rate ofdevelopment.

State development pattern changed vocationaleducation almost in a generalist – school.

OUTCOMES This paper has demonstrated that is useful to link the

study of a country to the other European countries.

Next paces:

Comparative and / or Transnational History ofEducation?

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