80386 Architecture
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Lect 12: Hardware Architecture of 80386
Lect 12-1
386 DX Microprocessor• Flexible 32-bit Microprocessor• Optimized for System Performance
– Pipelined Instruction Execution– On-chip Address Translation Caches– Dynamic Bus Sizing
• CHMOS(Complementary High-Performance Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) III and CHMOS IV Technology– approximately 275,000 Transistors
• more than twice that of the 80286• almost 10 times that of the 8086
• 132-pin Pin Grid Array (PGA) package– See fig 9.2 : pin layout– See fig 9.2 (b) : signal pin numbering– 80386SX : 100-lead Plastic quad flat package(PQFP) - surface mount
installation
Lect 12-2
Pin Layout
Lect 12-3
Signal Pin Numbering
Lect 12-4
Interfaces of the 80386DX• Block Diagram of the 80386
Lect 12-5
Interfaces of the 80386DX
• Four interfaces– Memory/IO interface– Interrupt Interface– DMA Interface– Coprocessor Interface
• Signals of the 80386DX– See Fig. 9.4 on page 377
• Memory/IO Interface– Address Bus A31 - A2
• Real address mode : only use 20 lines (A19 - A2)• Protected mode : use 32 lines• A0 - A1 : byte enable output• I/O address space : 64 K bytes A2 through A31 and the
Lect 12-6
Signals of the 80386DX
Lect 12-7
Interfaces of the 80386DX– Data Bus: D31 - D0
• Bi-directional Bus• Dynamic Bus size : BS16 input• BE0 : D0 - D7
BE1 : D8 - D15
BE2 : D16 - D23
BE3 : D24 - D31
– Memory I/O Control • M/IO : memory/ input-output indication• W/R : write/read indication• D/C : data/control indication
Lect 12-8
M/IO D/C W/R Type of Bus Cycle
0 0 00 0 10 1 0 0 1 11 0 01 0 11 1 0
1 1 1
Interrupt AcknowledgeIdleI/O data readI/O data writeMemory code readHalt/shutdownMemory data readMemory data write
Interfaces of the 80386DX– Bus Cycle Control Signals
• ADS (Address status)– indicates that M/IO, D/C, W/R, BE, and ADDR are all stable
• READY (Transfer Acknowledge)• NA (Next address)
– Bus Interface control• LOCK (Bus lock indication)
– Interrupt Interface• INTR (Interrupt request)• NMI (Non-maskable Interrupt)• RESET (System reset)
Lect 12-9
Interfaces of the 80386DX– DMA Interface
• HOLD (Bus hold request)• HLDA (Bus hold acknowledge)
– Coprocessor Interface• PEREQ (Coprocessor request)• BUSY (Coprocessor busy)• ERROR (Coprocessor error)
• System Clock– CLK2 : Clock input
• twice the frequency of the microprocessor : 32MHz(16MHz), 66MHz (33MHz)
Lect 12-10
System Clock
Lect 12-11
Interfaces of the 80386DX• Hardware Organization of the Memory Address Space
– Physical Memory space : 4GB• SW Viewpoint: organized ad individual byte over the address range
form 00000000H through FFFFFFFFH• HW Organization: No Alignment
Lect 12-12
Memory Access
Lect 12-13
Memory Access
Lect 12-14
Memory Access
Lect 12-15
Bus Cycles• Bus State and Bus Cycle– Bus cycle: minimum two processor clock periods (two
bus states: T states) - T1 and T2• T state: a processor clock period (twice the period of the CLK2)
– Non-pipelined and Pipelined Bus Cycle
• Non-pipelined Bus Cycle• Two T states(T1 and T2)
Lect 12-16
Bus Cycles• Pipelined Bus Cycle
Lect 12-17
Bus State
Lect 12-18
Lect 12-19
READ and WRITE Bus Cycle Timing• Bus Cycles
– read from memory space– locked read from memory space– write to memory space– locked write to memory space– read from I/O space– write to I/O space– interrupt acknowledge – indicate halt or indicate shutdown
• Non-pipelined Read Cycle Timing• Non-pipelined Write Cycle Timing• Pipelined Read- and Write-cycle timing
Lect 12-20
Non-pipelined Read Cycle Timing
Lect 12-21
M/IO D/C W/R Type of Bus Cycle
0 0 00 0 10 1 0 0 1 11 0 01 0 11 1 0
1 1 1
Interrupt AcknowledgeIdleI/O data readI/O data writeMemory code readHalt/shutdownMemory data readMemory data write
Non-pipelined Write Cycle Timing
Lect 12-22
M/IO D/C W/R Type of Bus Cycle
0 0 00 0 10 1 0 0 1 11 0 01 0 11 1 0
1 1 1
Interrupt AcknowledgeIdleI/O data readI/O data writeMemory code readHalt/shutdownMemory data readMemory data write
Pipelined Read- and Write-cycle timing
Lect 12-23
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