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ERUPTION
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AGE OF ERUPTION
Deciduous Teeth
A B C D E
Maxillary 7 months
9months
18months
14months
24months
Mandibular 6months
7months
16months
12months
20months
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Sequence oferuption:
1. Centralincisor
2. Lateralincisor
3. Firstmolar
4. Canine
5. Secondmolar
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In general:
1. Lowerteeth erupts firstcomparedto
the upperteeth.
2. Girlsteeth erupts firstcomparedto
boys.
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Exfoliation
castingaway
orthrowingoffofthe surface ofthe
deciduousteeth
following eruption.
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Resorption
the gradual
degenerationof
apart & the
removalofsuch
fromthe body.
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Succedaneous teeth permanentteeth
that followsthe guide tooth.
Assessional teeth theyare the 1st,2nd
and3rd molars.
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Permanent Teeth
CI LI C 1PM 2PM 1M 2M 3M
Maxillary 7-8y/o
8-9y/o
11-12y/o
10-11y/o
10-12y/o
6-7y/o
12-13y/o
17-21y/o
Mandibular 6-7y/o
7-8
y/o
9-10
y/o
10-12
y/o
11-12
y/o
6-7
y/o
11-13
y/o
17-21
y/o
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Stages of Tooth Development:
1. Initiation
2. Budstage
3. Capstage/Proliferation4. Bellstage /Morphodifferentiation
5. Apposition
6. Calcification
7. Eruption
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Nollas Calcification of Teeth
(Growth Stage)
0 - Absence ofcrypt
1-
Presence ofcrypt2 - Initialcalcification
3 - 1/3ofcrowncompleted
4 - 2/3ofcrowncompleted5 - Crownalmostcompleted
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6 - Crowncompleted
7 - 1/3ofrootcompleted
8 - 2/3ofrootcompleted9 - Rootalmostcompletedwith
openapex
10 - Apical endofrootcompleted
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X-ray reading for in-between stages:
y 0.2 ifreadingisslightlygreater
thanthe illustratedgrade/stage but
notasmuchashalfwaybetweenthatstage andthe next.
( Stage 7 = Stage 7.2 ) more thantwothirdsofthe rootiscompleted.
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y 0.5 readingthatliesbetweentwo
grades/stages.
( bet. Stage 7&8 = Stage 7.5 )
between 1/3and2/3ofrootis
completed
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PRE-DENTAL JAW
RELATION
> establishedbefore
the eruptionofthedeciduousteethapproximately
3-5 months
intrauterine & 5-6monthsafterbirth.
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> Characteristics:
1. Presence ofgumpads,absence of
teeth,maxillarygumpadwidermesio-
distallythanthe mandibular&
maxillarygumpadpositionedmore
anteriorly.
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2. Coronoid processhigherthanthe
condylar processbecause ithasnot
obtaineditsgrowth & development
fully.
3. Gonion orangle ofthe mandible is
obtuse. (Adult acute)
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4. Absence ofalveolarprocess.
5. Sitesofmandibularbone growth:a) condylar process
b) bodyofthe mandible
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6. Presence ofinterocclusal space or
gap thisisaspace betweenthe
maxillary & mandibulargumpads.
7. Presence of20setsofdeciduous
developingtoothbuds.
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DECIDUOUSDENTITION
> establishedwhenthe deciduousteeth
are presentinthe
oralcavity from6
months- 5 years.
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>Characteristics:
1. Presence ofdevelopmentalspaces
foundbetweenthe deciduousteethto
accommodate permanentteeth.
2. Presence ofprimate oranthropod
spaces fromthe mesial ofthemaxillarycanine & distalofthe
mandibularcanine.
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3. There isan endto endmolarrelation
orcusptocuspcontactbetween
molars,because the mandible hasnotyetattaineditsmaximumgrowth.
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There is the production ofterminalflush plane (straight plane observed
among the deciduous molar due to its
end to end relationship, as themandible grows anteriorly & inferiorly,
normal occlusion results due to
attainment of mesial step).
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MIXED DENTITION/
TRANSITIONALPERIOD
>startswiththechange from
temporaryto
permanentdentitionwhichcovers from
6-14yearsofage.
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>dividedintothree stages:
1.E
arly = 6-8 years
2. Middle = 8-10years
3. Late = 10=14years
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> Characteristics:
1. Uglyducklingstage results fromthemovementof eruptingpermanentmaxillaryincisorstowardsthe distalordistal flaring.
(Thisoccursbetween 8-12years.)
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(Distal flaring distalinclinationofthe
eruptingteethhence,there isthe
presence ofdevelopmentalspaces
betweenteeth. Whenthe permanentcanine emerge,the incisorswillgoto
theirnormalposition & the distal
flaringsubsides.)
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4. Incisorsremaintobe distally flaringdue tothe followingreasons:
a) abnormalMD widthofteethb) abnormalattachmentoflabial
frenum
c) presence ofsupernumeraryteeth
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PERMANENTDENTITION
>coversage15 andabove
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> Characteristics:
1. Normalsurface tosurface contact
normaloverlappingofthe incisors.
2. Normalcuspto fossa contact.
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3. Normaltriangularridge to embrasure
contact.
4. Normaltriangularridge togroove
contact.
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> Factorsaffectingthe establishment
ofnormalocclusion:
1. Muscularpressure.
2. TMJrelation.
3. Proximalcontactofthe teethinthe
same dentalarch.
4. Axialinclinationofthe teethinrelationtoocclusal forces.
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5. Harmonyinsize & shape ofdento-alveolararches.
6. Inherent forcesofgrowth.
7. Atmosphericpressure(pressure of the
mouth=pressure in all of the airways)
8. Forcesofinclinedplanesofteeth.
9. Morphologyofteeth.
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