8-1 ENERGY AND LIFE COPYRIGHT PEARSON PRENTICE HALL.
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8-1 Energy and Life
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
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8-1 Energy And Life
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Energy is the ability to do work! For example, your car needs gas to run but……
Living things need energy to survive as well.
This energy comes from food. The energy in most food comes from the sun.
Where do plants get the energy they need to produce food?
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8-1 Energy And Life Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Plants and some other types of organisms are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food.
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8-1 Energy And Life
AutotrophsOrganisms such as plants, which make their own food from the Sun.
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8-1 Energy And Life
HeterotrophsOrganisms, such as animals, cannot use the sun’s energy directly to make food. Instead, they get energy from foods they consume.
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8-1 Energy And Life
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Energy and ATP
Chemical Energy and ATP
Energy comes in many forms including light, heat, and electricity.
Energy can be stored in chemical compounds, too.
For example, When you light a candle, the wax melts, soaks into the wick, and is burned, releasing energy in the form of light and heat.
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8-1 Energy And Life
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Chemical Energy and ATP
Living things use chemical fuels as well.
One of the principal compounds that cells use to store and release energy is
Adenosine Triophosphate (ATP).
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8-1 Energy And Life
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Chemical Energy and ATP
ATP consists of:
• adenine
• ribose (a 5-carbon sugar)
• 3 phosphate groups
Adenine
ATP
Ribose 3 Phosphate groups
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8-1 Energy And Life
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Chemical Energy and ATP
Storing Energy
ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) looks very similar to ATP except it has 2 phosphate groups.
A cell can store small amounts of energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP.
ADPATP
Energy
Energy
Partiallycharged battery
Fullycharged battery
+
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
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8-1 Energy And Life
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Energy and ATP
Releasing Energy
Energy stored in ATP is released by breaking the chemical bond between the second and third phosphates.
P
ADP
2 Phosphate groups
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8-1 Energy And Life
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Chemical Energy and ATP
What is the role of ATP in cellular activities?
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8-1 Energy And Life
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Energy and ATP
The energy from ATP is needed for many cellular activities, including active transport across cell membranes, protein synthesis and muscle contraction.
ATP’s characteristics make it exceptionally useful as the basic energy source of all cells.
For example, a Warrior Athlete!
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8-1 Energy And Life
So.. What is the main difference between ATP and ADP?
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8-1 Energy And Life
• ADP has 2
• ATP has 3 phosphate groups
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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
8-1
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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
8-1
Organisms that make their own food are called
a. autotrophs.
b. heterotrophs.
c. decomposers.
d. consumers.
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8-1
Most autotrophs obtain their energy from
a. chemicals in the environment.
b. sunlight.
c. carbon dioxide in the air.
d. other producers.
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8-1
How is energy released from ATP?
a. A phosphate is added.
b. An adenine is added.
c. A phosphate is removed.
d. A ribose is removed.
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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
8-1
Compared to the energy stored in a molecule of glucose, ATP stores
a. much more energy.
b. much less energy.
c. about the same amount of energy.
d. more energy sometimes and less at others.
END OF SECTION
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