5th Grade Science Unit A · 2019-07-24 · 5th Grade Science Unit A Chapter 1, Lesson 2. Human Body Systems: From Cells to Systems ... acids and chemicals break down proteins in food

5th Grade ScienceUnit A

Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Human Body Systems:From Cells to Systems

● What is a body system?○ Organs that work together doing a specific task that help keep an organism alive

● What are some body systems?○ Circulatory system○ Digestive system○ Respiratory system○ Muscular system○ Skeletal system○ Excretory system○ Nervous system○ Endocrine system○ Reproductive system○ Integumentary system

The Circulatory System

● What is the job of this system?○ Transports oxygen, nutrients, and wastes through the body in the blood.

● What are some major organs of this system?○ Heart - muscle that pumps blood throughout body○ Veins - vessels that return blood to the heart○ Arteries - vessels that carry blood away from the heart ○ Capillaries - very small blood vessels that carry nutrients and oxygen to every cell in the body○ Red Blood Cells - absorb oxygen from air in lungs and transport it to every cell in the body.

The Circulatory System

● Importance of Platelets○ They clot blood and help repair damaged blood vessels.

● Oxygen in Blood○ Blood from the lungs: Oxygen-rich○ Blood from other parts of the body: Oxygen-poor

The Respiratory System

● What is the job of this system?○ Takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide and water

● What are some major organs of this system?○ Nose - pulls air into your body when you inhale, then filters and warms it○ Trachea - (windpipe) warm, clean air travels down it○ Bronchi - tubes that carry air into the lungs○ Alveoli - tiny air sacs where oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into red blood cells and carbon

dioxide diffuses out of the blood○ Lungs - two organs in the chest that are like bags and are the main breathing structure of

humans

The Respiratory System● Oxygen in Blood

○ Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs.○ Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.

The Digestive System

● What is the job of this system?○ Breaks down food into nutrients and gets them into the blood

● What are some major organs of this system?○ Mouth - where food enters the body and is broken down for digestion○ Esophagus - long tube that leads to the stomach○ Stomach - acids and chemicals break down proteins in food○ Small Intestines - nutrients diffuse through the villi into the blood○ Large Intestines - takes in food the body can’t use; water is absorbed and waste is eliminated○ Liver - produces bile, which breaks down fats so they can be more easily digested○ Gallbladder - where bile is stored○ Pancreas - produces fluid which neutralizes stomach acid

The Excretory System

● What is the job of this system?○ Removes waste from the body

● What are some major organs of this system?○ Kidneys - filter waste material out of the blood and pass out of the body as urine ○ Ureters - tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder○ Bladder - hollow muscular sac that collect urine before it leaves the body○ Urethra - channel by which urine leaves the body