計算機概論

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計算機概論• Course Number: 90248040• Credits: 2• Time: Monday 7, 8 (3:30PM-5:20PM) • Classroom: New CSIE Classroom 110• Classification: Elective for freshmen • Prerequisite: None • Instructor: Chiou-Shann Fuh (傅楸善 )• Office: New Computer Science and Information Engineering 327 • Phone: 23625336 ext. 327• Office Hours: Tuesday 10AM-11:30AM • Objective: Introduction to computer science through extensive course

projects.

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• Textbook: G. B. Shelly and M. E. Vermaat, Discovering Computers 2012, Thomson Course Technology, Boston, MA, 2012.

• Reference: P. Norton, Peter Norton's Introduction to Computers, 6th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2006.

• Reference: M. M. Mano, Computer Engineering: Hardware Design, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1988.

• Reference: J. G. Brookshear, Computer Science: An Overview, 7th Ed., Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, 2003.

• excellent World Wide Web address: to look up computer terminology online http://www.wikipedia.org

• excellent World Wide Web address: to search companies, products, and events http://www.google.com, http://www.yahoo.com, http://www.msn.com

• Projects: will be assigned every week or every other week (30%) • Examinations: one midterm (30%) and one final (40%)

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• Chapter 1: Basic Introduction to Computers• Chapter 2: Fundamentals of the World Wide Web and Internet• Chapter 3: Software for Systems• Chapter 4: System Unit Components• Chapter 5: Understanding Input• Chapter 6: Understanding Output• Chapter 7: Types of Storage• Chapter 8: Types of Utility Programs and Operating Systems • Chapter 9: Networks and Communications• Chapter 10: Managing a Database• Chapter 11: Manage Computing Securely, Safely, and Ethically• Chapter 12: Exploring Information System Development• Chapter 13: Computer Programs and Programming Languages• Chapter 14: Enterprise Computing• Chapter 15: Careers in Computer and Certification

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• Scan and add all figures, captions, and tables.• Add Review Questions.• Add Homework at end of

http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~fuh/fcourse/shelly2012/Chapter01.ppt

• Add topics and explain in detail.• Add jokes.• Design two questions and answers.

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Prob1B.劉立彥 .doc

• 1. (10%) What are the four steps in Information Processing Cycle?

• Answer: Input, Processing, Output, Storage.

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I have a dream. Martin Luther King Jr.

• ACM: Association for Computing Machinery • ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest • http://acm.uva.es/problemset/• solving 20 problems = 5 points, 50 problems = 10 points • 100 problems = 20 points, 200 problems = 30 points, 400

problems = 40 points • all problems with on-line judge = 50 points • tell me the number of problems solved immediately before

final examination

Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

Discovering Computers 2012

Chapter 1Basic Introduction to Computers

Objectives Overview

Explain why computer literacy is vital to

success in today’s world

Define the term, computer, and describe

the relationship between data and

information

Describe the five components of a

computer

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages that users experience when

working with computers

Define the term, network, and identify

benefits of sharing resources on a network

Discuss the uses of the Internet and World

Wide Web

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 8See Page 3 for Detailed Objectives

Objectives Overview

Distinguish between system software and application

software

Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of

computers in each category

Describe the role of each element in an information

system

Explain how home users, small office/home office

users, mobile users, power users, and enterprise users

each interact with computers

Discuss how society uses computers in education,

finance, government, health care, science, publishing, travel, and manufacturing

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 9See Page 3 for Detailed Objectives

A World of Computers

• Computers are everywhere

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 10Pages 4 - 5 Figure 1-1

What Is a Computer?

• A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 11Page 6

Collects data

(input)Processing

Produces information

(output)

Information Processing Cycle

What Is a Computer?

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 12Page 6 Figure 1-2

The Components of a Computer

• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 13Pages 6 - 8

•Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computerInput Device•Hardware component that conveys information to one or more peopleOutput Device

•Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data

System Unit

•Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage mediaStorage Device

•Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devicesCommunications

Device

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 14Page 7 Figure 1-3

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers

Advantages of Using Computers

Disadvantages of Using Computers

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 15

Speed

Reliability

Consistency

Storage

Communications

Health Risks

Violation of Privacy

Public Safety

Impact on Labor Force

Impact on Environment

Pages 9 - 10

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers

• Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer

• Strategies include:– Recycling– Regulating manufacturing processes– Extending the life of computers– Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 16Page 10

Networks and the Internet

• A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 17Pages 10 - 11 Figure 1-6

Networks and the Internet

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 18Page 11 Figure 1-7

Networks and the Internet

• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 19Pages 12 - 13 Figure 1-8

Communicate Research and Access Information

Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading

Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application

Networks and the Internet

• A social networking Web site encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 20Page 14 Figure 1-9

Computer Software

• Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 21Pages 15 - 16Figures 1-10 - 1-11

System Software• Operating system• Utility program

Application Software

Computer Software

• Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 22Pages 16 - 17 Figure 1-12

Computer Software

• A programmer develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 23Page 18 Figure 1-13

Categories of Computers

Embedded computers

Supercomputers

Mainframes

Servers

Game consoles

Mobile computers and mobile devices

Personal computers

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 24Page 19

Personal Computers

• A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself

• Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple– Desktop computer

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 25Pages 19 - 20 Figures 1-15 - 1-16

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Personal computer you can carry from place to place

Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs

Mobile Computer

Computing device small enough to hold in your hand

Examples include smart phones and PDAs, e-book readers, handheld computers, portable media players, and digital cameras

Mobile Device

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 26Pages 20 - 23

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Notebook computer

Tablet PC

Smart phones and PDAs

E-book reader

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 27Pages 20 - 22 Figures 1-17 – 1-20

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Handheld computer

Portable media player

Digital camera

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 28Pages 22 - 23Figures 1-21 – 1-23

Game Consoles

• A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 29Page 24 Figure 1-24

Servers

• A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network– Provides a centralized

storage area for programs, data, and information

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 30Page 25 Figure 1-25

Mainframes

• A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 31Page 25 Figure 1-26

Supercomputers

• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing

more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 32Page 25 Figure 1-27

Embedded Computers

• An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 33Page 26

Consumer Electronics

• Mobile and digital telephones

• Digital televisions• Cameras• Video recorders• DVD players and

recorders• Answering

machines

Home Automation Devices

• Thermostats• Sprinkling systems• Security

monitoring systems• Appliances• Lights

Automobiles

• Antilock brakes• Engine control

modules• Airbag controller• Cruise control

Process Controllers and Robotics

• Remote monitoring systems

• Power monitors• Machine

controllers• Medical devices

Computer Devices and Office Machines

• Keyboards• Printers• Faxes• Copiers

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 34Page 26 Figure 1-28

Elements of an Information System

Hardware Software Data

People Procedures

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 35Page 27

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 36Page 27 Figure 1-29

Examples of Computer Usage

Home User• Personal financial

management• Web access• Communications• Entertainment

Small Office/Home Office User• Look up information• Send and receive e-mail

messages• Make telephone calls

Mobile User• Connect to other computers

on a network or the Internet• Transfer information• Play video games• Listen to music• Watch movies

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 37Pages 28 – 31Figures 1-30 – 1-32

Examples of Computer Usage

Power User• Work with multimedia• Use industry-specific

software

Enterprise User• Communicate among

employees• Process high volumes

of transactions• Blog

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 38Pages 31 – 32Figures 1-33 – 1-34

Computer Applications in Society

Education

Finance

Government

Health CareDiscovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 39Pages 34 - 36

Figures 1-36 – 1-39

Computer Applications in Society

Science

Publishing

Travel

ManufacturingDiscovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 40Pages 36 - 38

Figures 1-40 – 1-43

Video: Computer History in a Barn

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 41

CLICK TO START

Summary

Basic computer concepts

Components of a computer

Networks, the Internet, and computer software

Many different categories of

computers, computer users, and computer

applications in society

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 42Page 39

Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

Discovering Computers 2012

Chapter 1Basic Introduction to Computers

Chapter 1 Complete

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Project due Oct. 3• Open your personal computer at home and list the hardware

specification as detailed as possible, including the manufacturer, product type, and serial number. List every software installed on your personal computer. For example:

• PC: ACER_M3630超值四核桌上型主機• CPU: IntelR 酷睿 C2Q 四核心 Q6600處理器• Motherboard: S45GMAX• SDRAM: 1GB DDR2-667 MAX 4GB • Intel GMA3100整合型顯示晶片、 DVMT 4.0• hard disk: S-ATA 320GB/7200RPM • 內建多合一讀卡機• monitor: Lemel 17 inch TFT-LCD, Model: LC-AE• power supply: 250W, ATX compatible

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• keyboard: 104 keys Chinese-English• DVD-RW drive: 16X SuperMulti光碟機• sound blaster card: • speakers: Trois DS 621G• mouse: Logitech Optical Mouse• anti-virus software: Norton AntiVirus• anti-virus software: Trend Micro/Internet Phone • OS: Windows 7• productivity software: Microsoft Office• X-Stop: pornography prevention software• …