5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
Post on 05-Apr-2018
221 Views
Preview:
Transcript
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 1/45
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 2/45
The World we live in
Everything is all about assessing threatsand opportunities.
Before foreign policy is charted, thedecision-makers survey possibleimplications and consequences in coursesof action.
Courses of action will definitely impact onthe country both locally and internationally.
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 3/45
The Decision-Making Process
<http://www.geocities.com/cfidarren/crmfund.htm> Retrieved 20 September 2007
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 4/45
What are the current threats?
Definitely not invasion!
Since independence, there has neverbeen any likelihood of an invasion.
Such threats of an invading force mayhave been imagined or created to justifytheir presence.
The Cold War mentality for continuedforeign military presence in the country.
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 5/45
The uncertain extent of Philippineterritorial sea and its exclusive economiczone (EEZ)
Homegrown Terrorism
Eroding Competitiveness and Confidence
World Economic and Financial Crisis Food and Energy Security
What are the current threats?
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 6/45
Territorial Claims
Shared disputes over conflicting territorialand maritime claims in SCS with China,Vietnam, Malaysia, and Brunei
Darussalam.
Claims of Philippine EEZ overlaps Japanup north, Indonesia down south, and
Palau in the east.
Unclear Philippine maritime baselines
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 7/45
Provides certain guidelines on resolvingoverlapping EEZ claims
Guidelines however provide for mutualrecognition of maritime baselines, which isnot yet established categorically.
The 1982 UNCLOS
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 8/45
The most fundamental issue
Cling to the Treaty of Paris limits, which allclaimant countries reject?
Adhere to the 1982 UNCLOS, which isgenerally accepted by claimant states?
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 9/45
There is a need to harmonize andreconcile domestic policies and laws withthe international regime.
Key issues: internal waters and territorialseas
The most fundamental issue
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 10/45
The 1987 Philippine Constitution definesinternal waters as “…the waters around,
between, and connecting the islands of the
archipelago, regardless of their breadthand dimensions, form part of the internalwaters of the Philippines” (Article 1).
Internal Waters
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 11/45
The UNCLOS defines of internal waters,as “waters on the landward side of the
archipelagic baseline enclosed using
straight baselines across mouths of riversdirectly flowing into the sea, bays andpermanent harbor works.”
Internal Waters
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 12/45
Territorial Sea
Philippine territorial sea limits are definedby a trapezoid based on the “boundaries”
defined in the 1898 Treaty of Paris .
The Philippine claim for historic title to theterritorial sea is based on the Philippines’
status being a successor to the United
States with the formal cession of thePhilippine Islands to the United Statesunder the terms of the Treaty of Paris.
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 13/45
Territorial Claim underthe 1898 Treaty of Paris
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 14/45
Double Talk
Upon signing the 1982 UNCLOS, thePhilippines declared that its “act of signing
the Convention should not be construed
as amending its national laws regarding itsmaritime jurisdictions…and its sovereign
rights as successor to the United States
under the Treaty of Paris”.
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 15/45
Since then, the Philippines has madepronouncements of remedies being madeto address the inconsistencies of
Philippine position with respect to theUNCLOS.
Nothing has yet been done categorically to
abandon the territorial claims of thecountry based on the 1898 Treaty.
Double Talk
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 16/45
Unless the Philippines resolves withfinality the extent of our territorial seas andEEZ, Philippine maritime laws can not be
enforced. Encroachments into claimed areas
(internal and territorial waters) willcontinue.
Disputes arising from “encroaching foreignsea and aircraft will continue.
The most fundamental issue
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 17/45
The Situation
While there is a period of calm, unresolvedclaims can escalate to armed conflictunless jurisdiction is answered.
Foreign fishing vessels and even spyships run around the contested areas ofthe SCS with impunity.
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 18/45
Confidence-building measures mayprovide temporary relief, e.g., ASEANCode of Conduct, joint research and
explorations, creation of a SCSdevelopment authority.
The fundamental issue remains presentand unresolved.
The Philippines still needs to patrol itsterritorial waters from the sea and air.
The Situation
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 19/45
Home-Grown Terrorism
Foreign assistance to local separatistmovements.
The Philippines as base of internationalterrorist movements.
Established linkages between local andinternational terrorist cells.
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 20/45
Land ownership and use
Abuses and bad governance by theminority's own leadership
Neglect of national government to providebasic needs of the minorities
Political alienation of the minorities Prejudices against the minorities
Deprivation of dignity
Grievances
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 21/45
The Financial Storm
Began with defaults on consumermortgage payments
Unemployment and lay-offs
Tight credit markets
Low consumer spending
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 22/45
The House of Cards
Freddie Mac
Frannie Mae
Lehman Brothers Merril Lynch
AIG
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 23/45
Philippine Impact
Affected like any other country
But not as hard as other countries in theregion
Minimal financial exposure amongPhilippine firms with tie-ups with USfinancial markets
Domestic measures to fend downwardtrend were averted by safety nets
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 24/45
Food and Energy Security
World prices of food, particularly rice, andfuel
World oil prices topped the scale at USD140 per barrel
World food production dips
Food lines and riots in most capitals Rice importation
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 25/45
Eroding Competitiveness
Pertains to the Philippineeconomy
Rivalry among states forforeign investments
Competition amidst the Globalregime or international system.
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 26/45
Competitiveness of the country
The International Institute of ManagementDevelopment (IMD) annually releases itsWorld Competitive Yearbook
IMD analyzes and ranks the ability ofnations to create and maintain anenvironment which sustains the
competitiveness of enterprises.
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 27/45
The World Competitive Yearbook
Ranks 55 economies.
Economies are grouped by population,greater than 20 million in group 1, the restin group 2
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 28/45
Criteria in IMD Scorecard
Economic Performance
Government Efficiency
Business Efficiency Infrastructure
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 29/45
The 2008 IMD Competitive Scorecard:The Top Ten
1. USA (1)
2. Singapore (2)
3. Hong Kong (3)
4. Switzerland (6)
5. Luxembourg (4)
6. Denmark (5)
7. Australia (12)
8. Canada (10)
9. Sweden (9)
10. Netherlands (7)
(2007 rankings in brackets)
http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/upload/scoreboard.pdf (16 Sept 2008)
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 30/45
The 2007 IMD CompetitiveScorecard: Our Asian Brothers
13. Taiwan (18)
17. China (15)
19. Malaysia (23)22. Japan (24)
27. Thailand (33)
29. India (27)31. Korea (29)
51. Indonesia (54)http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/upload/scoreboard.pdf (16 Sept 2008)
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 31/45
The Philippines is 40th among 55 economies in
2008 The Philippines was 45th
among 55 economies in
2007 (42nd
2006)
The 2007 IMD CompetitiveScorecard: The Philippines
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 32/45
Responsible for projecting animage of the Philippines as a goodinvestment destination andpersuading foreign investors to risktheir money in the country.
The role of Philippine diplomacy
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 33/45
Face-lifting or Cosmetics ain’t enough
Image-making, persuasion, and promotionis not enough.
Luring investments to the country will
never be realized nor will have a lastingeffect if the reality is that the investmentenvironment is not conducive andimproved.
The country stands to lose out toalternative investment destinations, i.e.,China, India, Malaysia.
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 34/45
Ingredients for good environment
Sound trade policy
Political stability
Peace and Order The absence of corruption (or a
reasonable level of it?)
The Rule of Law Adequate and inexpensive transport and
communications infrastructure
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 35/45
Tax Policy
Transaction Costs
Relationship of Wages and Productivity
Ingredients for good environment
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 36/45
Foreign Policy Agenda
Settle the national territorial issue
Strengthen the country’s capacity for
surveillance and enforcement in theterritorial sea and the exclusive economiczone
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 37/45
Cooperate with other countries to cut offsupport for separatists and terrorists
Redress the grievances of the minorities
Strengthen the competitiveness of theeconomy and substantially improve theinvestment climate.
Foreign Policy Agenda
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 38/45
In other words, the Philippines should
Keep its house in order
Maintain sound macro-economicfundamentals and policies
Address peace and order, particularlyinternal security
Eliminate or at the very least bring downthe levels of graft and corruption
Transparency
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 39/45
The Opportunities
The conduct of foreign relations also entailrecognizing the opportunities presented byissues and seizing them.
The period of relative calm in the lastdecades.
The Northeast Asian Triangle and the
ASEAN + 3 process
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 40/45
Down the road
Cooperative effortsbetween policy-makers,politicians, and private
sector to make economycompetitive
Strong partnership
among stakeholders
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 41/45
Sink or Swim
The Philippines has no choice.
Large, continent-size economies aresurging.
Smaller markets are coalescing.
The Philippines has to join the trend andstrengthen itself for competition, which isdefinitely fiercer.
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 42/45
Settle the extent of territorial waters andexclusive economic zone
Decisive action against terrorism whileaddressing humanitarian concerns (thegrievances)
Strengthen domestic conditions to become
competitive.
Taking a national action
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 43/45
The best or ideal FP
Domestic reform
and decisive actionon national issues.
7/31/2019 5 Threats and Opportunities in Philippine Foreign Affairs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/5-threats-and-opportunities-in-philippine-foreign-affairs 44/45
Addressing the Universal Good
Strong and even keeled balance betweeninternational commitments and thepromotion or protection of national
interests. Address the gaps between “what is” and
“what ought to be.”
top related