Transcript
TV DRAMARepresentation of GENDER
LO: To analyse the representation of gender through cinematography and editing
HOMEWORK
To understand editing techniques and their use and connotations in TV Drama
Examiner’s Report
• Editing• “ As with the January 2009 session, this
technical area proved to be the most problematic for candidates and the one technical area of analysis that was often omitted in candidate’s answers.”
• What is editing?
• Put simply: it’s the way shots are put together…
• Most films use a system of editing known as continuity editing
• Continuity editing makes the action as fluid as possible, so that we are not aware of the construction process
• Therefore, you need to be especially aware to spot the techniques of editing employed during a textual analysis.
THE RULES OF EDITINGThere are five main criteria for evaluating a cut or deciding where to cut. They are (in order of importance, most important first):
• emotion — Does the cut reflect what the editor believes the audience should be feeling at that moment?
• story — Does the cut advance the story? • rhythm — Does the cut occur "at a moment that is rhythmically
interesting and 'right'"? • eye-trace — Does the cut pay respect to "the location and movement of
the audience's focus of interest within the frame" ? • two-dimensional place of the screen — Does the cut respect the
180 degree rule?
Key Editing Techniques
• P – Pace• A – Action• S – Sequence • T – Transition
Brain storm the terminology?
Dr. Who
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJpMtam_TrM
Watch this clip and comment on all the editing techniques you spot:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJpMtam_TrM
• Give yourself a make every time you have used this terminology
Self Assess
P – Pace: length of take
– literally count every time the camera cuts– if you find yourself counting quickly then the pace
is quick– If you count slowly pace is slow
P – Pace: length of take
“This is an example of fast paced editing”“This is an example of slow paced editing”“This is a long take”“That was a short take”
How could pace of editing be related to gender?Dominant character demand
more screen time
A – Action: ask yourself who is driving the action?
– Which character does the audience follow?– Who is dominating the reaction shots and eyeline
matches?– Who is leading shot reverse-shots?– Match-on-action whose action are we witnessing?
How could these techniques be related to GENDER REP?
S – Sequence: is there any other action going on at the same time as the main sequence?
– Use of cross-cutting to suggest that there is other action occurring at the same time
– Use of flashbacks to inform the audience of other important information
How could these techniques be related to GENDER REP?
T – Transition: does the transition signify anything?
– Cut: always ask yourself why a cut has occurred– Fade to colour: significance of colour– Dissolve: slow transition from one image to
another, suggests a relationship between image
How could these techniques be related to GENDER REP?
Watch this clip again and answer the question on the next slide:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJpMtam_TrM
How does editing and cinematography represent gender in this clip?
• Using the terminology you learnt last lesson and your knowledge of cinematography, write for 20 minute on how the micro elements represent gender.
A level 3 response will contain: 3 P.E.E. at least one linking editing to the representation of
genderA level 4response will contain:
3 P.E.E. at least two linking editing to the representation of gender
Click the image to view the clip
• Read the Student response to that clip• What level would it receive?
G322 Key Media Concepts (TV Drama)
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