Transcript
Stress and Coping
List six characteristics of being mentally healthy:
1. FLEXIBLE: Ability to be 2. SUCCESSFUL: Ability to be3. FORM CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS:
Ability to4. ABILITY TO MAKE APPROPRIATE
JUDGEMENTS5. ABILITY TO SOLVE PROBLEMS6. ABILITY TO COPE WITH DAILY
STRESS
List characteristics of mental illness:
Impairment of ability to think Impairment of ability to feel Impairment of ability to make sound
judgments Difficulty or inability to cope with
reality Difficulty or inability to form strong
personal relationships
REMEMBER:
Society can be stressful. Our lives are fast paced, economics, etc. Sometimes even those who typically deal with stress or day to day can and may develop physical or emotional illnesses.
What are the eight areas that are assessed during a mental status exam and list an example of each:
Area assessed during a mental status exam:
Appearance / behavior Level of awareness / orientation Thinking / content of thought Memory Speech Mood / affect Judgment Perception
What is the Diagnostic and Statistical 1 Manual of Mental Disorders?
Why is it used?
DSM- IV -TR
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Most commonly used by psychiatrists and
psychologists Standard classifications and diagnostic criteria Classifying criteria from all standpoints and
ranking by severity. Including cultural, ethnic and religious considerations. Attempts to get reliable, accurate and objective diagnosis.
What sort of diagnostic tests are performed to confirm or rule out mental health disorders?
Blood-work: To rule out electrolyte, imbalance, dehydration, drug tox, infections, thyroids
CT / MRI: To rule out tumors, lesions, etc. PET (Positron Emission Tomography):
Identifies how parts of the brain are functioning by showing chemical activity or metabolism.
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
Coping Successfully adapting psychologically,
physically and behaviorally to problems / stressors. “deal with problems / stress”
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
Stressor Something, condition that produces
stress in an individual (divorce, death, money, etc.)
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
Adaptation Act of coping with or handling stressors
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
Anxiety Reaction to stress ranging from a
feeling of uneasiness to panic, uneasiness or apprehension
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
Ego defense mechanisms Unconscious techniques, habits that
reduce or eliminate anxiety. If over used are unhealthy and ineffective.
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING DEFENSE MECHANISMS:
Denial Person unconsciously rejects the truth
and reality. Not lying because they believe in it.
Diagnosis of CA – denial
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING DEFENSE MECHANISMS:
Repression Unconsciously keeps unpleasant
experiences from awareness. “forget”
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING DEFENSE MECHANISMS:
Rationalization Denies his or her real thoughts by
excusing behavior because more socially acceptable reasons.
Sounds like logical excuse
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING DEFENSE MECHANISMS:
Compensation Person develops an alternate ability in
order to overcome a real or imagined defect
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING DEFENSE MECHANISMS:
Reaction formation Overcompensation – person usually
develops exact opposite trait, tries to rid world of what they feel they are inadequate at.
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING DEFENSE MECHANISMS:
Regression Return to earlier mental or behavioral
level. Individualized, not all go back to same age.
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING DEFENSE MECHANISMS:
Projection Individual places blame for short
comings on someone else mental or verbal finger pointing.
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING DEFENSE MECHANISMS:
Displacement Taking our hostility on someone other
than person for whom it is intended, usually one because less power than you
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING DEFENSE MECHANISMS:
Conversion reaction Changing emotional problem into
physical symptoms
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING DEFENSE MECHANISMS:
Avoidance Unconsciously staying away from event
or situation that may open feelings of aggression or anxiety.
REVIEW THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES:
Review Therapeutic Communication Techniques: purposeful “Active” or “Purposeful” listening For various reasons patient may not be
comfortable sharing his or her needs and concerns. As a nurse it is up to you to try and uncover the problem.
GIVE EXAMPLE OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES:
Reflecting, repeating, parroting Clarifying terms Open ended questions Asking for what you need or want Identifying thoughts and feelings Empathy Silence
Give examples of Communication Blockers
False reassurance Minimizing or belittling Questioning ‘Why’ Advising Agreeing or disagreeing Closed end questions Providing answers Changing the subject Approving or disapproving
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING:
Cognitive Thought process / ability to think
judgment, reasoning, understanding
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING
Milieu Environment for treating patients
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING
Psychopharmacology Medications as they are used and
prescribed for mental illness
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING
Psychotherapy Treatment of mental and emotional
disorders
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING
Psychoanalysis Method of psychotherapy based on
Freud. Uses free association and dream
interpretation as part of the treatment.
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING
Behavior management Modification – change in behavior by
eliminating a reinforcer for undesirable behavior or increasing the reinforcer for desirable behavior.
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING
Cognitive Behavior Therapy Stresses ways of rethinking situations. Therapist confronts patient with
problem and helps them work out ways of thinking differently.
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING
Humanistic Therapy Form of therapy that concentrates on
the whole person
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING
Counseling Focuses on emotional, social,
vocational, educational, health related, developmental and organizational concerns
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING
Group Therapy 6 to 10 individuals meet face to face
with a trained therapist. Members decide the topic to be
discussed Members encouraged to give each
other feedback
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING
Relaxation Therapy Aim is to quiet the mind allowing
thoughts to flow in a smooth rhythmic way
Allows for rest and rejuvenation
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING DEFENCE MECHANISMS:
Imagery Formation of mental pictures Involves using one or more of the 5
senses Hearing,taste, touch, sight, smell
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING
Electro Convulsive Therapy Method of treatment in which electrical
impulses are used to produce seizures in mentally ill when that person does not respond to drugs or other therapy.
Very controversial, generally used with depression schizophrenia.
List three side effects of electro- convulsive therapy:
Usually given 3-4 day intervals for first few treatments, then decrease to a week
Memory loss, confused and forgetful If strong seizure – muscle soreness
List eight nursing interventions for the client undergoing ECT:
NPO 4º before VS Document – subjective and objective response Asked to void Pre ECT meds as ordered by anesthesiologist or
psychiatrist Drugs dry secretions, decrease pneumonia Drugs relax muscles to relieve anxiety
Dentures, contacts, metallic objects removed O₂ before and after treatment Keep safe after treatment
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