49707362 Micro Controller Based Solar Charger

To maximize the utility of renewable energy sources, Mainly by using the solar energy, we can charge a battery of 12v with automatic dusk to dawn operation and easily understandable display characteristics

In today’s world, so many people are requiring conserving and going green to over came the cons of non renewable energy sources.

By using renewable energy sources we can extent the life of the planet for our youngsters and with any luck , they can do the same for their kids

FEATURES:- It is an 8 bit controller with 20 pin package . It consists of 128bytes internal RAM and 2KB of

reprogrammable flash memory. It is also having 15 programmable I/O lines and

two 16-bit Timers/Counters with 6 interrupt sources.

It is also having on chip oscillator and clock circuitry.

When compared to other microcontroller circuit complexity is reduced.

It is having only two ports for I/O functions and external memory access.

In this circuit , the microcontroller plays a main role with low voltage ,high performance.

In this it interfaces with ADC , LCD , and OPTOCOUPLER.

It monitors the battery voltage with the help of ADC and displays the values on the LCD.

Three terminal positive voltage regulator

Adequate heat sinking capability

Internal short circuit current limiting

It delivers constant 5v to the LCD to prevent it from damages

Voltage regulator delivers same voltage to Analog to Digital Converter to read the battery status

Capable of delivering 1Amp output current

Solar panels contains the photo voltaic cells which collects sun light and converts into electricity

a maximally efficient photovoltaic cell about 1/5m in diameter creates a current of approximately 2 amps at 2 volts

In this project we are using 10-40 wattage solar panel to produce a peak voltage of 19v

Wafer based crystalline silicon converts the light energy into electricity

Features:- 0v to 5v input range with single 5v

power supply.

TTL/MOS input/output compatible.

Conversion time is 32µs.

The system status and battery voltage can be displayed on LCD.

The LCD is used here in 4 bit mode to save microcontroller pins.

The 16*2 line LCD is used to display the status of battery

One line is used to show the status of load whether it is connected or not and also to show whether the battery is charging or not

Optocoupler is nothing but opto isolator or photo coupler

Light waves are used to couple the input and output electrical signals

It is used to switch the rapid change of voltages or light signals

Optocoupler is capable to provide mega ohms of resistance with out any contact

In this project opto coupler is used to automatic dusk to dawn operation

It senses the voltage coming from solar panel based on the voltage it switches the load or charges the battery

Mainly BJT’s are used for the amplification

FET is more temperature stable than BJT

MOSFET are more efficient switches when compared with the BJT

In this project we are using diodes to convert bidirectional signal into unidirectional signals

It operates as switch and for rectification to charge the battery

For better regulation the zener diode is used

Micro controller is the heart of the circuit

Micro controller reads the battery voltage by using the ADC

The battery status and load status is displayed by using 16*2 LCD

By introducing a stepper motor to rotate the solar panel based on the sun

By extending the circuit we can give the electricity which is sufficient to home requirements

Through this project we can utilize the renewable energy sources which are eco friendly to the environment

EFY magazine

www.wikipedia.org.in

www.datasheets.com

Elecronic devices and circuit by LAL kishore