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February 2012
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public GrievancesMinistry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Government of Indiahttp://indiagovernance.gov.in/
Researched and Documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Malkapur 24X7 Water Supply ProjectEnsuring efficient water supply
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ................................
Methodology ................................................................
Background ................................................................
Objective ................................................................
Project Design ................................
Key Stakeholders ................................
Work Flow ................................
Financial Model ................................
Achievements ................................
Conclusion ................................................................
References ................................................................
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 2
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Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 24*7 water supply Project
February 2012
1
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Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
Executive Summary A large proportion of the Indian population, mainly those inhabiting rural areas, do
access to safe drinking water. According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 65
round survey in 2008-09, even though chemical contamination of drinking water is being
tackled today in the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP),
contamination, which is more dangerous as well as more prevalent, continues to be in need of
systematic measurement and tackling. Slightly more than 30 percent of rural households in the
country source their drinking water from taps that are mor
labour, particularly of women and children. However, this widely varies from less than 5
percent in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar to more than 80 percent in Tamil Nadu and Himachal
Pradesh.
A large number of successful models for e
experimented throughout the country. Most of these initiatives are initiated/operated by the
private sector. The Malkapur 24X7 water supply project is the first public sector initiative to
have successfully provided water to the entire town. Launched in 2010, the scheme is
implemented jointly by the Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran and the Malkapur Nagar
Panchayat.
The scheme involves the use of a variety of innovative features. Firstly, it uses the design of
WaterGEMS software to design the system. Secondly, the use of High Density Polyethylene
pipes that requires fewer joints makes for a more durable system as well as reduces the loss of
water through leakages. Thirdly, the use of Automatic Meter Reading
effective water auditing possible at any point of time and with cent per cent accuracy. Fourthly,
the successful implementation of the telescopic tariff has meant that tariff recovery is linked to
the volume transported over distances tr
water charges through the introduction of a volumetric tariff system.
Currently, the Malkapur 24X7 water supply system is successfully supplying water round the
clock to the entire town with 110 litres
consumption of water by nearly 30 percent. The operational cost of the system has decreased by
INR 75,000 per month. The quality of water supplied under the system has consistently been
adjudged 100 percent potable. Revenue generation has drastically increased to show a surplus
of INR 4 lakh per annum instead of hitherto existing deficit of INR 30 lakh. The project received
the Prime Minister’s Award for Excellence in Public Administration in 2009
Water Awards for Technical Innovations awarded by the Ministry of Urban Development
(MoUD), Government of India in December 2011.
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 2
Executive Summary A large proportion of the Indian population, mainly those inhabiting rural areas, do
access to safe drinking water. According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 65
09, even though chemical contamination of drinking water is being
tackled today in the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP),
contamination, which is more dangerous as well as more prevalent, continues to be in need of
systematic measurement and tackling. Slightly more than 30 percent of rural households in the
country source their drinking water from taps that are more convenient, saving time and
labour, particularly of women and children. However, this widely varies from less than 5
percent in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar to more than 80 percent in Tamil Nadu and Himachal
A large number of successful models for ensuring clean water supply to villages have been
experimented throughout the country. Most of these initiatives are initiated/operated by the
private sector. The Malkapur 24X7 water supply project is the first public sector initiative to
provided water to the entire town. Launched in 2010, the scheme is
implemented jointly by the Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran and the Malkapur Nagar
The scheme involves the use of a variety of innovative features. Firstly, it uses the design of
WaterGEMS software to design the system. Secondly, the use of High Density Polyethylene
pipes that requires fewer joints makes for a more durable system as well as reduces the loss of
water through leakages. Thirdly, the use of Automatic Meter Reading
effective water auditing possible at any point of time and with cent per cent accuracy. Fourthly,
the successful implementation of the telescopic tariff has meant that tariff recovery is linked to
the volume transported over distances travelled. A uniformity has been created in the rate of
water charges through the introduction of a volumetric tariff system.
Currently, the Malkapur 24X7 water supply system is successfully supplying water round the
clock to the entire town with 110 litres per capita per day (lpcd), having reduced the
consumption of water by nearly 30 percent. The operational cost of the system has decreased by
INR 75,000 per month. The quality of water supplied under the system has consistently been
able. Revenue generation has drastically increased to show a surplus
of INR 4 lakh per annum instead of hitherto existing deficit of INR 30 lakh. The project received
the Prime Minister’s Award for Excellence in Public Administration in 2009
Water Awards for Technical Innovations awarded by the Ministry of Urban Development
(MoUD), Government of India in December 2011.
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 24*7 water supply Project
February 2012
2
A large proportion of the Indian population, mainly those inhabiting rural areas, do not have
access to safe drinking water. According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 65th
09, even though chemical contamination of drinking water is being
tackled today in the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP), bacterial
contamination, which is more dangerous as well as more prevalent, continues to be in need of
systematic measurement and tackling. Slightly more than 30 percent of rural households in the
e convenient, saving time and
labour, particularly of women and children. However, this widely varies from less than 5
percent in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar to more than 80 percent in Tamil Nadu and Himachal
nsuring clean water supply to villages have been
experimented throughout the country. Most of these initiatives are initiated/operated by the
private sector. The Malkapur 24X7 water supply project is the first public sector initiative to
provided water to the entire town. Launched in 2010, the scheme is
implemented jointly by the Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran and the Malkapur Nagar
The scheme involves the use of a variety of innovative features. Firstly, it uses the design of the
WaterGEMS software to design the system. Secondly, the use of High Density Polyethylene
pipes that requires fewer joints makes for a more durable system as well as reduces the loss of
water through leakages. Thirdly, the use of Automatic Meter Reading system has led to
effective water auditing possible at any point of time and with cent per cent accuracy. Fourthly,
the successful implementation of the telescopic tariff has meant that tariff recovery is linked to
avelled. A uniformity has been created in the rate of
Currently, the Malkapur 24X7 water supply system is successfully supplying water round the
per capita per day (lpcd), having reduced the
consumption of water by nearly 30 percent. The operational cost of the system has decreased by
INR 75,000 per month. The quality of water supplied under the system has consistently been
able. Revenue generation has drastically increased to show a surplus
of INR 4 lakh per annum instead of hitherto existing deficit of INR 30 lakh. The project received
the Prime Minister’s Award for Excellence in Public Administration in 2009-2010 and the Urban
Water Awards for Technical Innovations awarded by the Ministry of Urban Development
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
Methodology The Malkapur 24X7 water supply project has provided an efficient, sustainable and high impact
system for continuous water supply to the entire town. It is the first such initiative in the
country to have provided water to an entire town on a continuous basis. It is unique and
noteworthy since it combines a range of systematic interventions, management processes,
human resource development, new technologies, policy and financial measures, citizen friendly
services, services to the poor and better coverage and communication strategies. The initiative
has proven that water supply around the clock is an actual possibi
resources and presents a replicable model. It has substantially improved service delivery
standards for the poor and public health benefits.
These factors suggest the project’s suitability as a best practice in public service d
large, and in water supply more specifically. In order to understand the project’s context,
motivation and functioning, the Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team carried out
extensive secondary research. A set of unique features and benefits w
shortcomings were explored.
Background The Malkapur water supply system is the first public sector initiative in India that operates to
provide water on a round the clock basis. Malkapur is known for its enterprising farmers and
an efficient cooperative sector for managing sugar mills, lift irrigation systems, milk
production, and collection and selling. It is a fast growing area whose population increased at
the rate of 58 percent in 1981-
that was commissioned for the village in 1988 was designed for an expected population of
14,000 in 2010 on the basis of 40 litres per capita per day (lpcd). However, the population of
Malkapur reached approximately 23,000 in 2001 itself;
existing water supply system, leading to acute shortages in water supply even when the
panchayat (GP) operated the pumping system for all hours when electricity was available.
Further, there were no fixed hours for
hours daily. This forced residents to resort to use of water from tankers and bore wells. All of
these together amounted to the GP
Additional expenses were incurred on energy utilised to draw water from 11 bore wells with
power pumps that the GP depended on to cover shortfall in water supply.
The situation necessitated augmentation of the water supply system in Malkapur. In December
2002, the Government of Maharashtra approved a new water supply system for Malkapur,
aiming to provide 55 lpcd to a projected population of 67,000 by 2030. The project was to utilise
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 2
The Malkapur 24X7 water supply project has provided an efficient, sustainable and high impact
inuous water supply to the entire town. It is the first such initiative in the
country to have provided water to an entire town on a continuous basis. It is unique and
noteworthy since it combines a range of systematic interventions, management processes,
human resource development, new technologies, policy and financial measures, citizen friendly
services, services to the poor and better coverage and communication strategies. The initiative
has proven that water supply around the clock is an actual possibility in a town with limited
resources and presents a replicable model. It has substantially improved service delivery
standards for the poor and public health benefits.
These factors suggest the project’s suitability as a best practice in public service d
large, and in water supply more specifically. In order to understand the project’s context,
motivation and functioning, the Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team carried out
extensive secondary research. A set of unique features and benefits was thus identified and
shortcomings were explored.
The Malkapur water supply system is the first public sector initiative in India that operates to
provide water on a round the clock basis. Malkapur is known for its enterprising farmers and
efficient cooperative sector for managing sugar mills, lift irrigation systems, milk
production, and collection and selling. It is a fast growing area whose population increased at
-91 and 275 percent in 1991-2001. The piped w
that was commissioned for the village in 1988 was designed for an expected population of
14,000 in 2010 on the basis of 40 litres per capita per day (lpcd). However, the population of
Malkapur reached approximately 23,000 in 2001 itself; this placed immense pressure on the
existing water supply system, leading to acute shortages in water supply even when the
operated the pumping system for all hours when electricity was available.
Further, there were no fixed hours for water supply to the citizens, ranging from two to three
hours daily. This forced residents to resort to use of water from tankers and bore wells. All of
these together amounted to the GP registering a poor rate of recovery of water charges.
enses were incurred on energy utilised to draw water from 11 bore wells with
power pumps that the GP depended on to cover shortfall in water supply.
The situation necessitated augmentation of the water supply system in Malkapur. In December
ernment of Maharashtra approved a new water supply system for Malkapur,
aiming to provide 55 lpcd to a projected population of 67,000 by 2030. The project was to utilise
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 24*7 water supply Project
February 2012
3
The Malkapur 24X7 water supply project has provided an efficient, sustainable and high impact
inuous water supply to the entire town. It is the first such initiative in the
country to have provided water to an entire town on a continuous basis. It is unique and
noteworthy since it combines a range of systematic interventions, management processes,
human resource development, new technologies, policy and financial measures, citizen friendly
services, services to the poor and better coverage and communication strategies. The initiative
lity in a town with limited
resources and presents a replicable model. It has substantially improved service delivery
These factors suggest the project’s suitability as a best practice in public service delivery, at
large, and in water supply more specifically. In order to understand the project’s context,
motivation and functioning, the Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team carried out
as thus identified and
The Malkapur water supply system is the first public sector initiative in India that operates to
provide water on a round the clock basis. Malkapur is known for its enterprising farmers and
efficient cooperative sector for managing sugar mills, lift irrigation systems, milk
production, and collection and selling. It is a fast growing area whose population increased at
2001. The piped water supply scheme
that was commissioned for the village in 1988 was designed for an expected population of
14,000 in 2010 on the basis of 40 litres per capita per day (lpcd). However, the population of
this placed immense pressure on the
existing water supply system, leading to acute shortages in water supply even when the gram
operated the pumping system for all hours when electricity was available.
water supply to the citizens, ranging from two to three
hours daily. This forced residents to resort to use of water from tankers and bore wells. All of
registering a poor rate of recovery of water charges.
enses were incurred on energy utilised to draw water from 11 bore wells with
power pumps that the GP depended on to cover shortfall in water supply.
The situation necessitated augmentation of the water supply system in Malkapur. In December
ernment of Maharashtra approved a new water supply system for Malkapur,
aiming to provide 55 lpcd to a projected population of 67,000 by 2030. The project was to utilise
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
the existing distribution network of 12.5 km. The project was commissioned in 2005.
Subsequently, the ambition to provide water supply 24X7 emerged by 2006 and, for achieving
this, a revised (from INR 9.5 crore) project budget of INR 12.3 crore was approved by the state
government. A higher water norm of 70 lpcd was also prescribed under th
due consultations, the project was consented to by the Malkapur GP in January 2007. In April
2008, the Malkapur GP was converted to a
transition from a rural to urban setting and
originating from non-agricultural activity.
Formally launched in 2010, the project is undertaken by the Malkapur Nagar Panchayat (MNP)
and Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP). It is supported by the G
under the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP). Technology has played a
significant role in the distribution network for supplying water 24X7 to all households in the
town. The design of the new network utilises softwar
model of the entire pipeline network from the source through the distribution channel to
consumer premises. The model uses information on the use of water at different times of the
day as also the spatial information avai
household surveys. An automatic meter reading (AMR) system was introduced for monthly
billing and recovery of water charges. The system also works to check excessive water usage by
consumers. Computerised billing and customer friendly services such as SMS alerts have
improved efficiency and generated higher revenues.
Objective The Malkapur 24X7 water supply project aims to build a sustainable model for providing
around the clock water to all households in the town, reduce the overall consumption of water,
and bring about cent per cent recovery of water charges from the people.
Project Design
Key Stakeholders
� Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran
� Malkapur Nagar Panchayat
� Government of Maharashtra under the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme
(ARWSP)
� Residents of Malkapur
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 2
the existing distribution network of 12.5 km. The project was commissioned in 2005.
bsequently, the ambition to provide water supply 24X7 emerged by 2006 and, for achieving
this, a revised (from INR 9.5 crore) project budget of INR 12.3 crore was approved by the state
government. A higher water norm of 70 lpcd was also prescribed under th
due consultations, the project was consented to by the Malkapur GP in January 2007. In April
2008, the Malkapur GP was converted to a nagar panchayat (NP), thus signifying it as an area in
transition from a rural to urban setting and with a sizeable proportion of income of its residents
agricultural activity.
Formally launched in 2010, the project is undertaken by the Malkapur Nagar Panchayat (MNP)
and Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP). It is supported by the Government of Maharashtra
under the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP). Technology has played a
significant role in the distribution network for supplying water 24X7 to all households in the
town. The design of the new network utilises software WaterGEMS to build the hydraulic
model of the entire pipeline network from the source through the distribution channel to
consumer premises. The model uses information on the use of water at different times of the
day as also the spatial information available from Geographical Information System (GIS) and
household surveys. An automatic meter reading (AMR) system was introduced for monthly
billing and recovery of water charges. The system also works to check excessive water usage by
d billing and customer friendly services such as SMS alerts have
improved efficiency and generated higher revenues.
The Malkapur 24X7 water supply project aims to build a sustainable model for providing
around the clock water to all households in the town, reduce the overall consumption of water,
and bring about cent per cent recovery of water charges from the people.
Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran
Malkapur Nagar Panchayat
Government of Maharashtra under the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 24*7 water supply Project
February 2012
4
the existing distribution network of 12.5 km. The project was commissioned in 2005.
bsequently, the ambition to provide water supply 24X7 emerged by 2006 and, for achieving
this, a revised (from INR 9.5 crore) project budget of INR 12.3 crore was approved by the state
government. A higher water norm of 70 lpcd was also prescribed under the revised plan. After
due consultations, the project was consented to by the Malkapur GP in January 2007. In April
(NP), thus signifying it as an area in
with a sizeable proportion of income of its residents
Formally launched in 2010, the project is undertaken by the Malkapur Nagar Panchayat (MNP)
overnment of Maharashtra
under the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP). Technology has played a
significant role in the distribution network for supplying water 24X7 to all households in the
e WaterGEMS to build the hydraulic
model of the entire pipeline network from the source through the distribution channel to
consumer premises. The model uses information on the use of water at different times of the
lable from Geographical Information System (GIS) and
household surveys. An automatic meter reading (AMR) system was introduced for monthly
billing and recovery of water charges. The system also works to check excessive water usage by
d billing and customer friendly services such as SMS alerts have
The Malkapur 24X7 water supply project aims to build a sustainable model for providing
around the clock water to all households in the town, reduce the overall consumption of water,
Government of Maharashtra under the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
Work Flow
The main components of the project include:
i. WaterGEMS hydraulic model
ii. Telescopic tariff system
iii. Automatic meter reading
iv. Robust monitoring mechanism
The project encompasses two simultaneous processes. The first involves water abstraction from
the perennial river Koyna, followed by d
transferred to the master reservoir. The second process involves distribution of the treated
water that is 100 percent potable. The treated and disinfected water from the master reservoir is
transferred to five service reservoirs that cover six zones of distribution. Under the project, it is
mainly the improvement of the distribution network that has been focused upon with the aim
of providing around the clock water supply to all households, minimising water
and wastage, and curtailing evasion of water usage charges.
The Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP) was responsible for introducing the 24X7 water
supply approach and garner support for it from the Malkapur
community members. Elected representatives from the GP and MJP engineers formed teams
and conducted ward wise meeting of consumers, focusing on women, and explained the
benefits of 24X7 water supply. A micro detailing of demand from each househ
surveyed and future developments were predicted and incorporated in project design.
Awareness campaigns
Extensive engagement with internal and external stakeholders has ensured the success of the
project. The internal stakeholders include officia
discussed the need for continuous water supply with the employees, the benefits it can bring to
the citizens and the strategy best suited for operationalising the system. MJP has provided the
necessary technical knowledge, skills and guidance needed for achieving improvements to its
staff. Extensive discussions have also been held with external stakeholders like citizens, media,
welfare associations, and prominent citizen groups, since the beginning of the project
government was also consulted about the developments on a regular basis.
A comprehensive Information Education Communication (IEC) campaign was undertaken to
reach out to all the residents of Malkapur as well as other stakeholders of the prog
was done to enlist their support and involvement by explaining to them the objectives,
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 2
The main components of the project include:
i. WaterGEMS hydraulic model
iv. Robust monitoring mechanism
The project encompasses two simultaneous processes. The first involves water abstraction from
the perennial river Koyna, followed by disinfection and treatment of water that is, then,
transferred to the master reservoir. The second process involves distribution of the treated
water that is 100 percent potable. The treated and disinfected water from the master reservoir is
five service reservoirs that cover six zones of distribution. Under the project, it is
mainly the improvement of the distribution network that has been focused upon with the aim
of providing around the clock water supply to all households, minimising water
and wastage, and curtailing evasion of water usage charges.
The Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP) was responsible for introducing the 24X7 water
supply approach and garner support for it from the Malkapur gram panchayat
community members. Elected representatives from the GP and MJP engineers formed teams
and conducted ward wise meeting of consumers, focusing on women, and explained the
benefits of 24X7 water supply. A micro detailing of demand from each househ
surveyed and future developments were predicted and incorporated in project design.
Extensive engagement with internal and external stakeholders has ensured the success of the
project. The internal stakeholders include officials of MJP and MNP. The MJP team extensively
discussed the need for continuous water supply with the employees, the benefits it can bring to
the citizens and the strategy best suited for operationalising the system. MJP has provided the
knowledge, skills and guidance needed for achieving improvements to its
staff. Extensive discussions have also been held with external stakeholders like citizens, media,
welfare associations, and prominent citizen groups, since the beginning of the project
government was also consulted about the developments on a regular basis.
A comprehensive Information Education Communication (IEC) campaign was undertaken to
reach out to all the residents of Malkapur as well as other stakeholders of the prog
was done to enlist their support and involvement by explaining to them the objectives,
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 24*7 water supply Project
February 2012
5
The project encompasses two simultaneous processes. The first involves water abstraction from
isinfection and treatment of water that is, then,
transferred to the master reservoir. The second process involves distribution of the treated
water that is 100 percent potable. The treated and disinfected water from the master reservoir is
five service reservoirs that cover six zones of distribution. Under the project, it is
mainly the improvement of the distribution network that has been focused upon with the aim
of providing around the clock water supply to all households, minimising water consumption
The Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP) was responsible for introducing the 24X7 water
gram panchayat as well as
community members. Elected representatives from the GP and MJP engineers formed teams
and conducted ward wise meeting of consumers, focusing on women, and explained the
benefits of 24X7 water supply. A micro detailing of demand from each household was
surveyed and future developments were predicted and incorporated in project design.
Extensive engagement with internal and external stakeholders has ensured the success of the
ls of MJP and MNP. The MJP team extensively
discussed the need for continuous water supply with the employees, the benefits it can bring to
the citizens and the strategy best suited for operationalising the system. MJP has provided the
knowledge, skills and guidance needed for achieving improvements to its
staff. Extensive discussions have also been held with external stakeholders like citizens, media,
welfare associations, and prominent citizen groups, since the beginning of the project. The state
government was also consulted about the developments on a regular basis.
A comprehensive Information Education Communication (IEC) campaign was undertaken to
reach out to all the residents of Malkapur as well as other stakeholders of the programme. This
was done to enlist their support and involvement by explaining to them the objectives,
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
strategies and benefits of the project. The campaign was also utilised to promote water
conservation among consumers.
WaterGEMS hydraulic model
MJP extensively adopted new technologies for improving efficiency and transparency in
Malkapur water supply operations. The distribution system was designed using a hydraulic
model based on acutting-edge software called ‘WaterGEMS’. This software models the system
according to the given pattern of usage of water at different times of the day. WaterGEMS
software has been used to create a modelling process to analyse the data, describe the real
world networking system, test maps, and synchronise with a Geographical Info
(GIS). GIS based maps with household survey data and hydraulic model have been the
innovative interventions that have made available spatial information for better decision
making. The approach has not been used often in water utilities in I
The complex hydraulic model required the modelling of entire city’s water distribution system
and its operations pattern. The use of High Density Polyethylene (HDP) pipes in the
distribution system has resulted in reduction of water losses and has
the network. HDP pipe system is of a high quality and durability together with electrofusion
fittings for leak free jointing. Earlier, the old water system that was installed in 1988 was losing
35 percent of the treated water t
of the growing population of this sugarcane
hundred years, the HDP system outperforms most traditional pipe materials.
Telescopic tariff system and automated meter reading
A significant financial innovation in the project has been that of identification of all customers
through a consumer survey in the initial stages of the project. Illegal connections were thus
identified and regularised. A volum
1 ‘Borouge helps secure fresh water to every house in Malkapur village, India’. Borealis. 24 June. 2008.
Web. 23 March. 2012. <http://www.borealisgroup.com/news
world-malkapur-village/>. 2 Under volumetric tariff system, all water units are pri
consumers pay proportionally to their water consumption. With this type of tariff, all kinds of consumers
(domestic, industrial and commercial) pay the same unit rate and their water bill corresponds directly to
the number of units consumed. Prerequisite for setting a uniform volumetric charge is that consumers
have a metered connection to the water system. 3 A 15 per cent discount on the tariff is provided to those consumers who use 55 lpcd or less, thereby
bringing down the total amount of water consumed
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 2
strategies and benefits of the project. The campaign was also utilised to promote water
conservation among consumers.
WaterGEMS hydraulic model
vely adopted new technologies for improving efficiency and transparency in
Malkapur water supply operations. The distribution system was designed using a hydraulic
edge software called ‘WaterGEMS’. This software models the system
cording to the given pattern of usage of water at different times of the day. WaterGEMS
software has been used to create a modelling process to analyse the data, describe the real
world networking system, test maps, and synchronise with a Geographical Info
(GIS). GIS based maps with household survey data and hydraulic model have been the
innovative interventions that have made available spatial information for better decision
making. The approach has not been used often in water utilities in India.
The complex hydraulic model required the modelling of entire city’s water distribution system
and its operations pattern. The use of High Density Polyethylene (HDP) pipes in the
distribution system has resulted in reduction of water losses and has increased the durability of
the network. HDP pipe system is of a high quality and durability together with electrofusion
fittings for leak free jointing. Earlier, the old water system that was installed in 1988 was losing
35 percent of the treated water through leaks and was no longer adequate to cater to the needs
of the growing population of this sugarcane-producing region. With an expected lifecycle of
hundred years, the HDP system outperforms most traditional pipe materials.
and automated meter reading
A significant financial innovation in the project has been that of identification of all customers
through a consumer survey in the initial stages of the project. Illegal connections were thus
identified and regularised. A volumetric tariff structure2 and well targeted subsidies
‘Borouge helps secure fresh water to every house in Malkapur village, India’. Borealis. 24 June. 2008.
http://www.borealisgroup.com/news-and-events/product
Under volumetric tariff system, all water units are priced the same independent of the use and
consumers pay proportionally to their water consumption. With this type of tariff, all kinds of consumers
(domestic, industrial and commercial) pay the same unit rate and their water bill corresponds directly to
number of units consumed. Prerequisite for setting a uniform volumetric charge is that consumers
have a metered connection to the water system.
A 15 per cent discount on the tariff is provided to those consumers who use 55 lpcd or less, thereby
down the total amount of water consumed.
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 24*7 water supply Project
February 2012
6
strategies and benefits of the project. The campaign was also utilised to promote water
vely adopted new technologies for improving efficiency and transparency in
Malkapur water supply operations. The distribution system was designed using a hydraulic
edge software called ‘WaterGEMS’. This software models the system
cording to the given pattern of usage of water at different times of the day. WaterGEMS
software has been used to create a modelling process to analyse the data, describe the real
world networking system, test maps, and synchronise with a Geographical Information System
(GIS). GIS based maps with household survey data and hydraulic model have been the
innovative interventions that have made available spatial information for better decision
The complex hydraulic model required the modelling of entire city’s water distribution system
and its operations pattern. The use of High Density Polyethylene (HDP) pipes in the
increased the durability of
the network. HDP pipe system is of a high quality and durability together with electrofusion
fittings for leak free jointing. Earlier, the old water system that was installed in 1988 was losing
hrough leaks and was no longer adequate to cater to the needs
producing region. With an expected lifecycle of
hundred years, the HDP system outperforms most traditional pipe materials.1
A significant financial innovation in the project has been that of identification of all customers
through a consumer survey in the initial stages of the project. Illegal connections were thus
and well targeted subsidies3 were
‘Borouge helps secure fresh water to every house in Malkapur village, India’. Borealis. 24 June. 2008.
events/product-news/2008/water-
ced the same independent of the use and
consumers pay proportionally to their water consumption. With this type of tariff, all kinds of consumers
(domestic, industrial and commercial) pay the same unit rate and their water bill corresponds directly to
number of units consumed. Prerequisite for setting a uniform volumetric charge is that consumers
A 15 per cent discount on the tariff is provided to those consumers who use 55 lpcd or less, thereby
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
introduced. To complement this tariff structure, the Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) system is
a highly accurate mechanism for making the billing procedures transparent. The AMR enabled
water meters can be read remotely by driving through the streets using a handheld device and
radio frequency. As such, the meter reading procedure has been greatly simplified. It is
possible for the officials to now read the consumers’ water meters even when the door is
and no direct interaction with the consumers takes place. In comparison with manual
operations, data collected under the AMR system is largely free of errors. The annual billing
cycle followed under the previous system has been replaced by a monthl
Customer friendly services like SMS alerts for details like water charges, water consumption
and payment due have improved efficiency and ensured better revenues. As a result,
transparency in operations and trust among the stakeholders hav
Training
Skill development programmes for employees have been conducted at different levels to make
various innovations in the project a reality. The entire initiative was driven by augmenting
internal human resource capacities.
Financial Model
The Malkapur 24X7 water supply project was completed at the cost of INR 13 crore. 90 per cent
of this cost was borne by the Government of Maharashtra and the remaining amount was
mobilised by the Malkapur Nagar Panchayat (MNP) through a
Funding support was extended by the Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme
(MPLADS)4 fund of the present Chief Minister and the Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA)
from the Malkapur area.
Achievements The Malkapur water supply project is the first in India to provide high quality, potable
drinking water to an entire town on a 24X7 basis. It has brought about transparency and
accountability in water supply operations.
4 Under the MPLADS, each MP has the choice to suggest to the District Collector for local area
development work to be taken up in her/his constituency. The upper limit of the cost of such work is INR
5 crore per annum. The Member of Parliament Local Area Dev
the guidelines on scheme concept, implementation and monitoring. For more details, refer to
http://mplads.nic.in/.
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 2
introduced. To complement this tariff structure, the Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) system is
a highly accurate mechanism for making the billing procedures transparent. The AMR enabled
an be read remotely by driving through the streets using a handheld device and
radio frequency. As such, the meter reading procedure has been greatly simplified. It is
possible for the officials to now read the consumers’ water meters even when the door is
and no direct interaction with the consumers takes place. In comparison with manual
operations, data collected under the AMR system is largely free of errors. The annual billing
cycle followed under the previous system has been replaced by a monthl
Customer friendly services like SMS alerts for details like water charges, water consumption
and payment due have improved efficiency and ensured better revenues. As a result,
transparency in operations and trust among the stakeholders have increased manifold.
Skill development programmes for employees have been conducted at different levels to make
various innovations in the project a reality. The entire initiative was driven by augmenting
internal human resource capacities.
The Malkapur 24X7 water supply project was completed at the cost of INR 13 crore. 90 per cent
of this cost was borne by the Government of Maharashtra and the remaining amount was
mobilised by the Malkapur Nagar Panchayat (MNP) through a surcharge on property tax.
Funding support was extended by the Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme
fund of the present Chief Minister and the Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA)
water supply project is the first in India to provide high quality, potable
drinking water to an entire town on a 24X7 basis. It has brought about transparency and
accountability in water supply operations.
Under the MPLADS, each MP has the choice to suggest to the District Collector for local area
development work to be taken up in her/his constituency. The upper limit of the cost of such work is INR
5 crore per annum. The Member of Parliament Local Area Development Division (MPLADD) has issued
the guidelines on scheme concept, implementation and monitoring. For more details, refer to
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 24*7 water supply Project
February 2012
7
introduced. To complement this tariff structure, the Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) system is
a highly accurate mechanism for making the billing procedures transparent. The AMR enabled
an be read remotely by driving through the streets using a handheld device and
radio frequency. As such, the meter reading procedure has been greatly simplified. It is
possible for the officials to now read the consumers’ water meters even when the door is locked
and no direct interaction with the consumers takes place. In comparison with manual
operations, data collected under the AMR system is largely free of errors. The annual billing
cycle followed under the previous system has been replaced by a monthly billing cycle.
Customer friendly services like SMS alerts for details like water charges, water consumption
and payment due have improved efficiency and ensured better revenues. As a result,
e increased manifold.
Skill development programmes for employees have been conducted at different levels to make
various innovations in the project a reality. The entire initiative was driven by augmenting
The Malkapur 24X7 water supply project was completed at the cost of INR 13 crore. 90 per cent
of this cost was borne by the Government of Maharashtra and the remaining amount was
surcharge on property tax.
Funding support was extended by the Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme
fund of the present Chief Minister and the Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA)
water supply project is the first in India to provide high quality, potable
drinking water to an entire town on a 24X7 basis. It has brought about transparency and
Under the MPLADS, each MP has the choice to suggest to the District Collector for local area
development work to be taken up in her/his constituency. The upper limit of the cost of such work is INR
elopment Division (MPLADD) has issued
the guidelines on scheme concept, implementation and monitoring. For more details, refer to
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
Over time, it has proven to be a replicable mode
urban sector, around the clock water system implementation has been started in Badlapur,
Amravati, Yavatmal, Nagpur, Navi Mumbai, and Sangli. Among the rural areas, the system is
in operation in Jalochi (Pune), Thangaon (Nasik), Tambave, and Kapil (Satara).
People’s participation in different stages of the project has ensured ownership of
enhances the community’s confidence and improved the performance of the system.
The scheme is sustainable phys
where the availability of water is sufficient, the system capacity is sufficient to handle
fluctuations in demand for another 10
operations cost and the revenue match closely. In order to maintain the sustainability, the
Municipal Corporation has plans to increase the rates every year.
Parameter Pre Project
Continuity of
water supply 2-3 hours every second day
Coverage Partial
Services to the
poor
Urban poor were dependent
on public stand posts with
unreliable water supply
System losses 40% unaccounted for water
Saving of power
19-20 hours of pumping;
citizens were using pumps
to lift water from ground
level to overhead tank
Improvement in
water quality
Non compliance to water
quality standards
Public health -
Cost of
operation -
Manpower Large number of valve
operators
Billing and
collection Manual billing
Recovery of costs 60%
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 2
Over time, it has proven to be a replicable model. This has been borne by the fact that in the
urban sector, around the clock water system implementation has been started in Badlapur,
Amravati, Yavatmal, Nagpur, Navi Mumbai, and Sangli. Among the rural areas, the system is
, Thangaon (Nasik), Tambave, and Kapil (Satara).
People’s participation in different stages of the project has ensured ownership of
enhances the community’s confidence and improved the performance of the system.
The scheme is sustainable physically and financially. Since it utilises water in the river Koyna,
where the availability of water is sufficient, the system capacity is sufficient to handle
fluctuations in demand for another 10-15 years. Financially, the scheme is sustainable as the
rations cost and the revenue match closely. In order to maintain the sustainability, the
Municipal Corporation has plans to increase the rates every year.
Pre Project Post Project
3 hours every second day Pressurised continuous water supply to
all citizens
Complete
Urban poor were dependent
on public stand posts with
unreliable water supply
Urban poor and slum households were
provided with individual tap connection
at a subsidized rate and with continuous
water supply
40% unaccounted for water 12% unaccounted for water
20 hours of pumping;
citizens were using pumps
to lift water from ground
level to overhead tank
13-14 hours of pumping;
Due to better pressure, the need to pump
water has been eliminated
Non compliance to water
quality standards
Third party inspection results shows
compliance with water quality standards
Evidence of reduction in water borne
diseases
Automated operation of pumps, WTP and
head works has resulted in reducing costs
of operation.
Large number of valve
operators
Valve operation became redundant and
were redeployed for other
services
Manual billing
With AMR and computerization of
billing, efficiency has improved
substantially
80%
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 24*7 water supply Project
February 2012
8
l. This has been borne by the fact that in the
urban sector, around the clock water system implementation has been started in Badlapur,
Amravati, Yavatmal, Nagpur, Navi Mumbai, and Sangli. Among the rural areas, the system is
, Thangaon (Nasik), Tambave, and Kapil (Satara).
People’s participation in different stages of the project has ensured ownership of initiatives
enhances the community’s confidence and improved the performance of the system.
ically and financially. Since it utilises water in the river Koyna,
where the availability of water is sufficient, the system capacity is sufficient to handle
15 years. Financially, the scheme is sustainable as the
rations cost and the revenue match closely. In order to maintain the sustainability, the
Post Project
Pressurised continuous water supply to
Urban poor and slum households were
provided with individual tap connection
a subsidized rate and with continuous
12% unaccounted for water
pumping;
Due to better pressure, the need to pump
water has been eliminated
Third party inspection results shows
compliance with water quality standards
reduction in water borne
Automated operation of pumps, WTP and
head works has resulted in reducing costs
Valve operation became redundant and
were redeployed for other municipal
With AMR and computerization of
billing, efficiency has improved
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
Third party
inspection of
material and
meters
Not followed
Level of
metering Lack of metering
Water
conservation
measures
Lack of measures
Customer
grievance
redressal system
Rudimentary
Use of
technology for
operational
efficiency
Limited use
Capacity
building -
Services to poor
Poor were dependent on
public stand posts and the
service quality was sub
standard Source: Government of India. National Urban Water Awards 2010.
Conclusion Water security implies that every person has adequate safe water for drinking, cooking and
other basic needs on a sustainable basis. Safe water should readily and conveniently be
accessible at all times. The Malkapur water supply project has been a succes
pioneering initiative in providing continuous supply of water to all residents of the town, at a
rate standard for all, increased the rate of recovery of water charges, reduced wastage of water,
and eliminated corruption and middlemanship prevalen
model has proven to be replicable in a variety of contexts.
The project has demonstrated the way a small town with limited resources can successfully
implement and run a continuous water supply system.
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 2
Not followed Third party inspection
HDPE pipes and meters
Lack of metering Introduction of metering
and consumer level
Lack of measures
Telescopic tariff structure , mass
awareness, discount for optimal use etc
has curbed wastage of water
Rudimentary Improved customer grievance redressal
system
Limited use GIS, hydraulic modeling, AMR, etc., were
deployed for improving efficiencies.
Systematic skill development
programmes have ensured in
technical know how
Poor were dependent on
public stand posts and the
service quality was sub
All urban poor and slum households were
provided individual tap connections with
continuous water supply
Source: Government of India. National Urban Water Awards 2010.
Water security implies that every person has adequate safe water for drinking, cooking and
other basic needs on a sustainable basis. Safe water should readily and conveniently be
accessible at all times. The Malkapur water supply project has been a succes
pioneering initiative in providing continuous supply of water to all residents of the town, at a
rate standard for all, increased the rate of recovery of water charges, reduced wastage of water,
and eliminated corruption and middlemanship prevalent in the previously existing system. The
model has proven to be replicable in a variety of contexts.
The project has demonstrated the way a small town with limited resources can successfully
implement and run a continuous water supply system.
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 24*7 water supply Project
February 2012
9
Third party inspection introduced for
HDPE pipes and meters
Introduction of metering - both at bulk
Telescopic tariff structure , mass
awareness, discount for optimal use etc
curbed wastage of water
Improved customer grievance redressal
GIS, hydraulic modeling, AMR, etc., were
deployed for improving efficiencies.
Systematic skill development
programmes have ensured in-house
All urban poor and slum households were
idual tap connections with
continuous water supply
Water security implies that every person has adequate safe water for drinking, cooking and
other basic needs on a sustainable basis. Safe water should readily and conveniently be
accessible at all times. The Malkapur water supply project has been a successful and
pioneering initiative in providing continuous supply of water to all residents of the town, at a
rate standard for all, increased the rate of recovery of water charges, reduced wastage of water,
t in the previously existing system. The
The project has demonstrated the way a small town with limited resources can successfully
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
Research was carried out by OneWorld Foundation India (OWFI), Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team.
Documentation was created by Research Associate,
For further information, please contact
References Government of India. Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances.
Minister’s Awards for Excellence in
<darpg.nic.in/darpgwebsite_cms/Document/.../pm
Government of India. National Urban Water Awards. 2010. Web. 23 March. 2012.
<http://www.waterawards.in/2010
Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran.
24X7 continuous water supply. 2011. Web. 25 February. 2012. <
www.mahamjp.com/newsite/uploads/awards/
Ministry of Rural Development and Water and Sanitation Program.
Security in India: Lessons from the Field.
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 2
h was carried out by OneWorld Foundation India (OWFI), Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team.
Documentation was created by Research Associate, Aditi dayal
For further information, please contact Rajiv Tikoo, Director, OWFI, at owsa@oneworld.net
Government of India. Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances.
Minister’s Awards for Excellence in Public Administration: 2009-2010. 2011. Web. 25 February.2012.
<darpg.nic.in/darpgwebsite_cms/Document/.../pmawards_brochure.pdf/>.
Government of India. National Urban Water Awards. 2010. Web. 23 March. 2012.
http://www.waterawards.in/2010-winner-profile-mgp-mnp.php/>.
Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran. Malkapur Water Supply Scheme: Voyage to prosperity through
2011. Web. 25 February. 2012. < www.mahamjp.com/newsite/uploads/awards/Malkapur_web_eng.pdf/>.
Ministry of Rural Development and Water and Sanitation Program. Towards Drinking Water
Security in India: Lessons from the Field. January 2011.
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Malkapur 24*7 water supply Project
February 2012
10
h was carried out by OneWorld Foundation India (OWFI), Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team.
owsa@oneworld.net
Government of India. Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances. Prime
. 2011. Web. 25 February.2012.
_brochure.pdf/>.
Government of India. National Urban Water Awards. 2010. Web. 23 March. 2012.
Malkapur Water Supply Scheme: Voyage to prosperity through
Towards Drinking Water
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