345-370 JAT-C18-878949 11/9/06 10:55 PM Page …...How did the ideas of absolute monarchs conflict with the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers? Chapter 18,Section 3 363 absolutism Prussia
Post on 16-Jul-2020
1 Views
Preview:
Transcript
Chapter 18, Section 3 359
Chapter 18, Section 3
The Enlightenment(Pages 680–689)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:• What was the Enlightenment? • How did Enlightenment ideas affect government?
As you read pages 681–689 in your textbook, complete this table to show the
major ideas of Enlightenment thinkers.
Cop
yrig
ht ©
by
The
McG
raw
-Hill
Com
pani
es, I
nc.
Thinkers Ideas
345-370 JAT-C18-878949 11/9/06 10:55 PM Page 359
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies, Inc.
360 Chapter 18, Section 3
As you read, complete the Venn diagram below to compareand contrast the views of Hobbes and Locke on government.
New Ideas About Politics (pages 681–682)
Views of Thomas Hobbes
Views of Both John Locke
Define or describe the following terms from this lesson.
Explain why this person is important.
natural law
social contract
separation of powers
Montesquieu
345-370 JAT-C18-878949 11/9/06 10:55 PM Page 360
Cop
yrig
ht ©
by
The
McG
raw
-Hill
Com
pani
es, I
nc.
Define these academic vocabulary words from this lesson.
According to Montesquieu, how should government be organized?
Select one of the philosophers from your reading and eval-uate his or her ideas. Do you agree with the ideas? Do youdisagree? Write a brief paragraph summarizing your viewof the philosopher’s ideas.
Define or describe the following term from this lesson.
Chapter 18, Section 3 361
reveal
contract
The French Philosophes (pages 684–686)
deism
345-370 JAT-C18-878949 11/9/06 10:55 PM Page 361
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies, Inc.
Explain why this person is important.
Define these academic vocabulary words from this lesson.
Who were the philosophes?
Quickly look over the entire selection to get a general ideaabout the reading. Then briefly describe what the selectionis about on the lines below.
362 Chapter 18, Section 3
Voltaire
maintain
range
The Age of Absolutism (pages 686–689)
345-370 JAT-C18-878949 11/9/06 10:55 PM Page 362
Cop
yrig
ht ©
by
The
McG
raw
-Hill
Com
pani
es, I
nc.
Define or describe the following term from this lesson.
Briefly describe the following places.
Use this term that you studied earlier in a sentence thatreflects the term’s meaning.
How did the ideas of absolute monarchs conflict with theideas of Enlightenment thinkers?
Chapter 18, Section 3 363
absolutism
Prussia
Austria
St. Petersburg
serf(Chapter 15, Section 2)
345-370 JAT-C18-878949 11/9/06 10:56 PM Page 363
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies, Inc.
Now that you have read the section, write the answers tothe questions that were included in Setting a Purpose forReading at the beginning of the lesson.
What was the Enlightenment?
How did Enlightenment ideas affect government?
364 Chapter 18, Section 3
345-370 JAT-C18-878949 11/9/06 10:56 PM Page 364
90
Name Date Class
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies, Inc.
Directions: The alphabetical list below contains the letters for spellingthe terms that complete the sentences that follow. Write the term thatcompletes each sentence, and then cross out the letters used to spell theword. After you complete the sentences, you will have used all but fiveletters. Rearrange the letters to spell the remaining vocabulary word.Write the word and its definition in the blanks for question 5.
1. Locke believed that all governments were based on a, or an agreement between rulers and
the people.
2. In the system of , monarchs held total powerand claimed to rule by divine right.
3. During the Enlightenment, political thinkers claimed that there wasa that applied to everyone and that could beunderstood by reason.
4. Montesquieu thought that England’s government was the bestbecause it had a that divided power among the branches of government.
5. :
VOCABULARY ACTIVITY 18-3
The Enlightenment: Words to Know
SECTION 18-3
Building Academic VocabularyDirections: Study the definition and example of the academic vocabu-lary word below. Then answer the question that follows. You may useyour textbook.
role, noun, position, function, or responsibilityExample: The Enlightenment raised questions about the role of women in society.
6. What role did the philosophes play in the Enlightenment?
absolutism natural law
separation of powers social contract
A A A A A A A A B C C C D E E E F I I I I L L L L M M N N N O O O O O O P P
R R R R S S S S S S T T T T T U U W W
065-096 UN05CH18-878945 11/1/06 11:12 AM Page 90
95
SECT
ION
18-3
Cop
yrig
ht ©
by
The
McG
raw
-Hill
Com
pani
es, I
nc.
Name Date Class
Directions: Outlining Reading the section and completing the outlinebelow will help you learn more about the Enlightenment period. Refer toyour textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. The Age of was a period of time when people believed that
was a better guide than faith or tradition.
A. They believed in a that applied to everyone and could be
understood by reason.
1. wrote a book that argued that monarchy was the best
form of government under natural law.
2. believed that natural law should be used to assert the
rights of citizens.
B. In England, governmental power was divided among three branches in a system
called .
II. In the 1700s, became a center of the Enlightenment.
A. The writer and scholar, , believed that people should choose
their own religious beliefs instead of the government.
B. The French philosophe published a 28-volume encyclopedia.
III. Even though most Europeans wanted to limit the power of government, most of
Europe was ruled by kings and queens in a system known as .
A. Under the rule of , France was one of Europe’s strongest
nations, but he eventually weakened France by his spending.
B. Prussia’s king, , allowed more freedom such as speech and
religion.
C. Russia’s rulers were called .
1. founded the city of .
2. Under , Russia gained more land and increased in power.
GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 18-3
The Enlightenment
065-096 UN05CH18-878945 11/1/06 11:13 AM Page 95
81
CHAP
TER
18
Cop
yrig
ht ©
by
The
McG
raw
-Hill
Com
pani
es, I
nc.
A Book for Boys and Girlsby John Bunyan
Upon the Disobedient Child
Children become, while little, our delights,When they grow bigger, they begin to fright’s.Their sinful Nature prompts them to rebel,And to delight in Paths that lead to Hell.Their Parents Love, and Care, they overlook,As if Relation had them quite forsook.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
They reckon Parents ought to do for them,Tho they the Fifth Commandement con[d]emn.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
They reckon they are Masters, and that we,Who Parents are, should to them Subject be! If Parents fain would have a hand in chusing,The Children have a heart will in refusing.They’l by wrong doings, under Parents, gather And say, it is no Sin to rob a Father,They’l jostle Parents out of place and Pow’r,They’l make themselves the Head, and them devour.
Name Date Class
About the SelectionJohn Bunyan was born in England
in 1628. He was a Puritan preacher who was jailed between 1660 and 1672because of his religious beliefs. Much ofhis writing reflects those beliefs. A Bookfor Boys and Girls, first published in 1686,contains many poems meant to teachchildren lessons about right and wrong.
Guided ReadingAs you read the poem, think about
how the author feels about teenagers.Note the unusual use of capital letters.Then answer the questions that follow.
WORLD LITERATURE READING 18
Puritan Beliefs
Reader’s Dictionaryforsook: gave up completely
wretched: miserable
indulgent: easy-going
reckon: to think or suppose
fain: are willing to
065-096 UN05CH18-878945 11/1/06 11:10 AM Page 81
82
CHAPTER 18
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies, Inc.
Name Date Class
WORLD LITERATURE READING 18 (continued)
Puritan Beliefs
Analyzing the ReadingDirections: Answer the questions below in the spaces provided.
1. How do parents feel about their children when they are verysmall?
2. Why does Bunyan think children rebel as they get older?
3. How do children rebel? Give two examples from the poem.
4. Critical Thinking How do you think this poet feels aboutteenagers? Support your answer with examples from thepoem.
How many Children, by becoming Head,Have brought their Parents to a p[ie]ce of Bread.Thus they who at the first were Parents Joy,Turn that to Bitterness, themselves destroy.
From John Bunyan: The Poems, vol. VI. Edited by Graham Midgley. Oxford University Press, 1980.
065-096 UN05CH18-878945 11/1/06 11:10 AM Page 82
top related