3 3 C H A P T E R The Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise.

33C H A P T E R

The Biomechanics of Resistance ExerciseThe Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise

Chapter Outline

The musculoskeletal system

Human strength and power

Sources of resistance to muscle contraction

Joint biomechanics: concerns in lifting

Movement analysis and exercise prescription

Muscle Pulling Force Manifested As a Pushing ForceMuscle Pulling Force Manifested As a Pushing Force

Muscle Pulling Force Manifested As a Pulling ForceMuscle Pulling Force Manifested As a Pulling Force

A LeverA Lever

A First-Class Lever (The Tricep)A First-Class Lever (The Tricep)

A Second-Class Lever (The Foot)A Second-Class Lever (The Foot)

A Third-Class Lever (The Forearm)A Third-Class Lever (The Forearm)

Changes in Mechanical Advantage: Knee Extension and Flexion

Changes in Mechanical Advantage: Knee Extension and Flexion

Changes in Mechanical Advantage: Elbow FlexionChanges in Mechanical Advantage: Elbow Flexion

Changes in Mechanical Advantage: During Weightlifting

Changes in Mechanical Advantage: During Weightlifting

Most of the skeletal muscles operate at a

considerable mechanical disadvantage. Thus,

during sports and other physical activities,

forces in the muscles and tendons are much

higher than those exerted by the hands or feet

on external objects or the ground.

Supporting the Vertebral Column During Lifting: The Fluid Ball

Read p.49

Supporting the Vertebral Column During Lifting: The Fluid Ball

Read p.49

Resistance training is quite safe compared

with other sports and fitness activities.

Prudence can keep injuries to a minimum. Basic

safety principles include good lifting form,

appropriate resistance, accommodation to

injuries, balance, and variety.

Specificity is a major consideration when

designing an exercise program to improve

performance in a particular sport activity. The

sport movement must be analyzed qualitatively

or quantitatively to determine the specific joint

movements that contribute to the whole-body

movement. Exercises that use similar joint

movements are then emphasized in the

resistance training program.

Front View of Adult Male Human Skeleton

Front View of Adult Male Human Skeleton

Rear View of Adult Male Human Skeleton

Rear View of Adult Male Human Skeleton

The Vertebral ColumnThe Vertebral Column

Front View of Adult Male Human Skeletal Musculature

Front View of Adult Male Human Skeletal Musculature

Rear View of Adult Male Human Skeletal Musculature

Rear View of Adult Male Human Skeletal Musculature

Action/ Origin/Insertion of Selected Muscles

Lower Body

Sartorius Adductors

Biceps Femoris Gracilis

Semimembranosus Gluteus Maximus

Semitendinosus Gluteus Medius

Gastrocnemius Rectus Femoris

Soleus

Tibialis Anteriorhttp://www.rad.washington.edu/atlas2/

Action/ Origin/Insertion of Selected MusclesLower Body

Deltoid Rhomboids (Anterior/Middle/Posterior)Pec Major TrapeziusBiceps Latissimus DorsiBrachialisBrachioradialisRotator Cuff

SupraspinatusInfraspinatusTeres MinorSubscapularis

http://www.rad.washington.edu/atlas2/

Terms ROM Plane

Anterior vs Posterior FlexionS

Lateral vs Medial Extension S

Proximal vs Distal AB/AD F

Superior vs Inferior IR/ER T

Circumduction S/F/T

Lateral Bending F

Anatomical Planes of the Human BodyAnatomical Planes of the Human Body