2011 RFOC Brochure Eng

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j o i n t p l a n n i n g E U B Gcombinedmultinationaleuropeanexperienceo p e r a t i o n a l U Nm i l i t a r y e x e r c i s ec o m m a n d N a t o j o i n tcombinedexperiencemultinationaleuropeane x p e r i e n c e f o r c emultinationalEUfocusm i l i t a r y j o i n tfur therdevelopment j o i n t p l a n n i n g E U B Gcombinedmultinationaleuropeanexperienceo p e r a t i o n a l U Nm i l i t a r y e x e r c i s ec o m m a n d N a t o j o i n tcombinedexperiencemultinationaleuropeane x p e r i e n c e f o r c emultinationalEUfocusm i l i t a r y j o i n tfur therdevelopment

Kommando Operative Führung EingreifkräfteResponse Forces Operations Command

2 Contents� kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de

Contents

4��.� .� .� .� .� .�The Garrison Town of Ulm

6��.� .� .� .� .� .�It’s A Different World

9��.� .� .� .� .� .�Highly Mobile Infrastructure

10��.� .� .� .� .�Ready for European Union Missions

14��.� .� .� .� .�Enhancing Operational Capability

17��.� .� .� .� .�Innovations and Networks

18��.� .� .� .� .�Joint and Combined

j o i n t p l a n n i n g E U B Gcombinedmultinationaleuropeanexperienceo p e r a t i o n a l U Nm i l i t a r y e x e r c i s ec o m m a n d N a t o j o i n tcombinedexperiencemultinationaleuropeane x p e r i e n c e f o r c emultinationalEUfocusm i l i t a r y j o i n tfur therdevelopment j o i n t p l a n n i n g E U B Gcombinedmultinationaleuropeanexperienceo p e r a t i o n a l U Nm i l i t a r y e x e r c i s ec o m m a n d N a t o j o i n tcombinedexperiencemultinationaleuropeane x p e r i e n c e f o r c emultinationalEUfocusm i l i t a r y j o i n tfur therdevelopment

3kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de� Words�of�Welcome

In� my� capacity� as� Mayor� of� the� city� of�Ulm,�I�would�like�to�extend�a�warm�wel-come�to�you.

The� Bundeswehr� garrison� of� Ulm� is�characterized� by� its� unique� multina-tionality:� Servicemen� and� women�from�Austria,� the�United�States,�France,�Poland,� the� Czech� Republic� and� the�Netherlands�serve�here�at�the�Response�Forces� Operations� Command.� I� hope�that� Ulm� will� become� a� “home� away�from�home”�to�you,�and�to�the�German�servicemembers.�

Here�in�Ulm,�we�want�to�help�you�settle�into� your� new� environment� easily,� and�this�information�brochure�will�assist�you�and�give�you�a�short�overview�of�the�his-tory� and� cultural� life� of� your� new� duty�station.� At� the� same� time,� we� want� to�pique� your� curiosity� for� our� beautiful�town,�where�you�can�marvel�at�the�old�

and� discover� the� new;� which� is� proud�of�its�history�as�a�Imperial�Free�City,�yet�keeps�venturing�into�the�future.�

150� years� ago,� the� construction� of� the�Confederate� Fortress� made� Ulm� a� gar-rison�town.�As�a�result,�its�development�has�been�influenced�and�shaped�by�the�military.�

If� you� want� to� understand� Ulm� and�her� citizenry,� you� should� not� miss� the�annual� Schwörmontag� (Oath� Monday),�and�the�Fischerstechen�(River�Jousting)�on� the� river� Danube,� organized� every�four� years� only:� it� is� here� that� you� can�experience�the�spirit�of�citizenship�and�a� sense� of� civic� self-confidence,� and�where�traditions�come�alive.�

You� will� quickly� discover� that� Ulm� is� a�great�place�to�live.

“Focus� on� operations”� is� the� principle�guiding� the� upcoming� Bundeswehr�transformation�process.�The�“Ulm�Com-mand”�has�been�focused�on�operations�ever� since� its� activation� six� years� ago.�Its� mission� is� to� exercise� worldwide�command� and� control� of� land,� air,� and�naval� forces� conducting� multinational�operations� as� tasked� by� the� European�Union,� NATO,� or� the� United� Nations.�The� Response� Forces� Operations� Com-mand� has� demonstrated� repeatedly—and� convincingly—its� ability� to� plan,�command,� and� control� both� on� a� mili-tary-strategic� and� operational� level—a� unique� competence� in� the� German�Armed�Forces�and�beyond.�

The� ability� for� rapid� deployment� to� all�parts�of�the�world�is�of�key�importance�to�ensuring�the�operational�capability�of�

the� Force� Headquarters.� Highly� skilled�multinational� personnel,� well-estab-lished�procedures,�and�readily�available�state-of-the-art�equipment�are�the�cor-nerstones� for� unmatched� responsive-ness,� an� indispensable� quality� which�we� provide� to� the� EU� and� NATO� to�strengthen� their� crisis� management�capabilities.

An�ambitious�goal,�yes,�but�also�a�source�of�great�pride�for�every�member�of�the�Response�Forces�Operations�Command.

Lieutenant General Markus Bentler Commander, Response Forces Operations Command

Mayor Ivo GönnerMayor of the City of Ulm

Garrison�|�The�Garrison�Town�of�Ulm� kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de4

Situated�halfway�between�the�cities�of�Stuttgart�and�Munich,�and�connected�by�the�rivers�Danube�and�Iller,�lie�the�two�cities�of�Ulm�and�Neu-Ulm�in�a�region�that�boasts�a�promising�future�and�a�high�standard�of�living.

A Picturesque Town

What� was� formerly� an� Imperial� Free� City� is� now� part� of� the�federal� state� of� Baden-Württemberg� and� has� a� population�of� approximately� 120,000.� Combined� with� the� neighboring�Bavarian�city�of�Neu-Ulm,�this�number�totals�almost�200,000.�Ulm�Minster�is�the�city’s�landmark.�The�Gothic�church�steeple,�which�was�completed�in�1890,�stands�161.53�meters�(530�feet)�tall,�making�it�the�highest�in�the�world.

The� face� of� the� city� is� characterized� by� the� picturesque�Fischerviertel� (Fishermen’s� Quarter)� on� the� river� Blau,� the�old� city� walls� along� the� river� Danube� and� the� Metzgerturm�(Butcher’s�Tower),�the�Schiefes�Haus�(Crooked�House)�and�the�colorful� facades� of� City� Hall� with� its� astronomical� clock.�The�many� half-timbered� buildings,� crooked� passageways,� and�bridges�of�various�sizes�convey�the�spirit�of�medieval�life.�

The� Münsterplatz� (Minster� Square)� with� its� sparkling� white�Stadthaus�building�designed�by�star�architect�Richard�Meier�is�a�particular�point�of�attraction.�Ulm’s�Neue�Mitte�(New�Center)�is�another�fascinating�architectural�fusion�of�Old�and�New.�In�the�center,�between�City�Hall�and�Minster,�modern�buildings�

dominate�the�townscape�next�to�the�Stadthaus�and�the�Cen-tral� Library,� while,� just� around� the� corner,� Ulm� vibrates� with�the� hustle� and� bustle� of� a� modern� city� and� shopping� hub.�Thanks�to�many�stores,�a�stroll�through�Ulm�can�become�a�real�adventure.�

Leading the Way in Science and Culture

Founded� in� 1967� as� a�“University� for� Medicine� and� Science”,�the�University�of�Ulm�has�some�8,000�students�enrolled�in�four�faculties.�Together�with�the�university�hospital�and�corporate�research�centers,�Ulm�University�has�realized�the�unique�idea�of�the�“Ulm�Science�City”,�where�researchers�and�industry�work�hand�in�hand�north�of�the�city�on�the�Oberer�Eselsberg�hill.�

Ulm’s� municipal� theater� was� founded� as� early� as� 1641.� The�city’s� cultural� palette� is� complemented� by� guest� perform-ances�by�prominent�soloists�and�ensembles�from�all�over�the�world.�The�Ulm�Museum,�the�Weishaupt�Art�Hall,�the�Museum�of�Bread�Culture,�as�well�as�a�host�of�public�and�private�col-lections�offer�a�great�choice�of�remarkable�treasures�from�all�epochs�and�constantly�changing�exhibitions.

The Bundeswehr Garrison of Ulm

Ulm�was�home�to�the� II.�Korps’�headquarters�since� its� incep-tion�on�2�July�1956,�until�the�Korps’�reorganization�into�today’s�Kommando� Operative� Führung� Eingreifkräfte� (Response�

The Garrison Town of Ulm

Since the Middle Ages, the former Imperial Free City of Ulm has maintained a close and intimate relationship with its soldiers.

kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de� The�Garrison�Town�of�Ulm�|�Garrison 5

Forces� Operations� Command).� Until� the� end� of� 1997,� the�Korps� was� headquartered� in� the� former� Kienlesberg� bar-racks.�Since�December�1997,�the�II.�German-American�(GE/US)�Korps’� headquarters� was� based� in� the� central� compound� of�the�Confederate�Fortress�of�Ulm,�the�Wilhelmsburg�barracks.�The�Response�Forces�Operations�Command�has�been�located�there�since�the�fall�of�2005.

The�Wilhelmsburg�is�part�of�the�Confederate�Fortress�of�Ulm�built�in�the�middle�of�the�19th�century.�The�335-hectare�(830�

acres)�complex�consisting�of�a�total�of�53�buildings�formed�a�closed� elliptical� circle� of� walls� around� the� cities� of� Ulm� and�Neu-Ulm.�Separate�forts�were�located�a�few�hundred�meters�in�front�of�both�cities.�In�peacetime,�the�fortress�was�planned�to�accommodate�up�to�4,000�troops,�in�wartime�up�to�18,000�troops.�Since�the�Confederate�Fortress�was�neither�affected�by�direct�war�activities�nor�subject�to�the�restrictions�under�the�Versailles�Treaty,�many�buildings�have�been�preserved.�

The Confederate Fortress of Ulm

When� Napoleon� Bonaparte’s� reign� ended� with� his� defeat� at�Waterloo�in�1815,�Austria�chaired�a�congress�resulting�in�the�foundation� of� the� German� Confederation.� The� Confeder-ate�Fortress�of�Ulm�was�built�between�1842�and�1859�and�is�

Europe’s�biggest�fortification�of�its�kind.�Besides�Landau,�Lux-embourg,�Mainz,�and�Rastatt,�Ulm�counts�among�the�five�for-tresses�of�the�German�Confederation.�This�fortress�helped�Ulm�to�become�one�of�the�largest�garrison�cities�where�troops�from�Württemberg,�Bavaria,�and�Austria�were�stationed�together.

Today’s� Wilhelmsburg� Barracks� (Fortification� Works� XII),�named� after� King�William� I� of�Württemberg,� is� comprised� of�four� parts:� Redoubt� (Wilhelmsburg),� the� Wilhelmsfeste� fort,�Fort�Prittwitz,�and�the�former�Flandernkaserne�barracks.�With�

384�casemates�accommodating�artillery�pieces,�quarters�and�basement� rooms� for� 8,000� soldiers,� the� Redoubt� once� was�among�the�biggest�fortification�buildings�in�Europe.�The�inner�courtyard� enclosed� by� the� four� three-� and� four-story� wings�served�as�an�ordnance�area�of�1.3�hectares�(3.2�acres).�In�order�to�prevent�the�fortress�installations�from�falling�into�disrepair,�the�Förderkreis�Bundesfestung�(Confederate�Fortress�Associa-tion)�was�founded�as�a�charity�in�1974�with�the�aim�of�restor-ing�and�rehabilitating�the�old�structures.� In�1985,� the�city�of�Ulm�took�possession�of�the�Wilhemsburg�Redoubt�it�had�been�given� as� a� gift� by� the� Federal� Government.� Shortly� thereaf-ter,� the� municipal� administration� spent� eight� million� marks�on�the�most�urgent�renovation�works.�The�inner�courtyard�is�frequently� used� for� a� host� of� events,� to� include� the� popular�annual�Burgfest,�concerts,�theater�plays,�and�musicals.

Federal state:��Baden-WürttembergAdministrative region: TübingenDistrict: Urban�districtAdministrative organization: 18�districtsElevation: 478�m�above�sea�levelArea: 118.69�km²Population:��122,087�(December�2009)License plate code:��ULLargest employer: �University�of�UlmNumber of military personnel: �Approx.�4,000

Military activities:•�Response�Forces�Operations�Command•�RFOC�Support�Battalion•�4th�Company,�Military�Police�Battalion�452•�Army�Band�10•�Field�Hospital�Regiment�41•�Ulm�Bundeswehr�Hospital•�Ulm�Bundeswehr�Service�Center•�Ulm�Selection�and�Induction�Office•� Logistic�Regiment�47�and�Logistic�Battalion�471

Ulm at a Glance

Operations�|�It’s�A�Different�World� kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de6

It’s A Different World

Today, crisis management must be prepared, planned, and conducted on a multinational level.

The deployments to Afghanistan and Kosovo, or to the Lebanese and Somali coast reflect today’s mission spectrum of the Bundeswehr. The same is true for UN observer missions and relief operations. Crisis management will remain the challenge for the armed forces, and above all, the best possible planning, preparation, conduct, and evaluation. This is the mission of the Response Forces Operations Command in Ulm, and the Command faces up to this task–both at the military-strategic and the operational level.

It�is�nothing�new�that�the�armed�forces�have�been�confronted�with� tasks� that� have� fundamentally� changed� after� the� Cold�War�and�9/11.�It�has�become�rare�that�armed�forces�are�faced�with�regular�units�organized�in�a�military�structure,�and�oper-ating�by�the�same�or�similar�standards.�Today,�the�majority�of�Bundeswehr� operations� is� about� crisis� intervention� or� crisis�prevention�largely�associated�with�stabilizing�aspects.�

Operations� like�the�ones�conducted�off�the�coast�of�Somalia�or�Lebanon�were�difficult�to�imagine�just�a�few�years�ago.�The�deployment� of� international� security� forces� in� Afghanistan�also�shows�that�the�problems�can�only�be�solved�within�the�scope� of� a� holistic� approach,� and� with� the� collaboration� of�military�and�civilian�actors.

kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de� It’s�A�Different�World�|�Operations 7

Special�challenges�arise�in�the�context�of�preparing,�planning,�and� conducting� operations� within� this� wide-ranging� spec-trum�of� tasks.�Thanks� to� the�structure,�organization,�compo-sition,�and�skills�of�its�personnel,�and�its�materiel�and�equip-ment,� the� Response� Forces� Operations� Command� in� Ulm� is�uniquely�suited�for�this�purpose.�They�enable�the�Command�to�tailor�to�any�conceivable�operational�mission,�ranging�from�peacekeeping�and�humanitarian�operations�to�high-intensity�combat�operations.

Military-Strategic and Operational-Level Core

Capability

By�providing�the�Response�Forces�Operations�Command,�Ger-many�fulfills�its�commitment�to�establish�an�operational�com-mand� and� control� instrument� within� the� scope� of� European�crisis�management.�In�accordance�with�EU�requirements,�the�Command�is�capable�of�deploying�to�a�crisis�area�with�a�Force�Headquarters� (FHQ)� on� short� notice,� or� of� exercising� com-mand�and�control�at�the�military-strategic�level�as�an�Opera-tion�Headquarters�(OHQ)�from�within�Germany.�

In�any�case,� the�FHQ,�or�OHQ,�will�be�an� integral�part�of� the�international� command� structure,� and� will� not� only� exercise�command� and� control� over� the� deployed� German� troops,�but� also� assume� multinational� responsibilities.� In� its� role� as�an� OHQ,� the� primary� goal� is� to� translate� political� guidelines�into�military�tasks,�while�the�FHQ�role�requires�mostly�military�operational-level�planning�tasks�to�be�performed.

In�the�past,� the�operational�command�and�control� level�was�primarily�provided�by�NATO�headquarters.�However,�the�EU’s�Common�Security�and�Defense�Policy�(CSDP)�also�established�similar� requirements� at� the� European� level.� Since� the� Union�was�short�of�an�adequate�command�and�control�facility,�Ger-many,� among� others,� agreed� to� provide� this� capability� by�establishing�the�Command�in�Ulm.

Made to Specifications

The� Response� Forces� Operations� Command� is� designed� to�exercise�command�and�control�at�the�military-strategic� level�from�within�Germany�as�an�OHQ,�or,�as�an�FHQ,�to�deploy�most�of�its�personnel�to�a�theater�of�operations�at�short�notice�and�exercise�operational�command�and�control�there.�

When� activated� as� an� OHQ,� the� Ulm� Command� will� use� its�infrastructure�at�the�Henning�von�Tresckow�barracks�in�Pots-dam,� as� was� the� case� during� the� EU� mission� to� the� Congo.�Since�the�Command�draws� its�personnel� from�the�Army,�the�Air� Force,� the� Navy,� and� the� Joint� Medical� Service,� military�competence� is� available� on� a� very� wide� and� unique� scale.�Almost�60�billets�are�provided� for�multinational� troops� from�other�EU�nations,�plus�those�available�to�several�US�exchange�

officers� and� civilian� employees.� The� multinational� structure�of� the� Command� allows� partners� to� be� closely� integrated�into�routine�tasks,�ensuring�that�they�are�familiar�with�estab-lished�procedures�in�the�event�of�activation�as�an�EU�or�NATO�headquarters.� This� structure� also� allows� the� Command� to�start�planning—and�limited�command�and�control—of�EU�or�NATO�operations�on�short�notice�and�without�spending�time�drawing�personnel�from�external�sources.�

Also� attached� to� the� Command� is� a� support� battalion� with�some�700�servicemen�and�women�organized� in�five�special-

ized� companies:�They� reconnoiter,� plan,� set� up,� and� operate�a�deployable�tent-�and�container-based�command�post,�they�handle�all�logistic�procedures,�and�they�provide�personnel�and�equipment� for� repair,� information�transmission�and�process-ing,�transportation,�military�protection,�and�messing.�

National and International Operational Advisor

The�provision�of�military-strategic�and�operational�command�and�control�by�one�command�HQ–alternately�available–gen-erates�synergies�of�previously�separate�capabilities.�This�kind�of�expertise�consolidates�the�Bundeswehr’s�military-strategic�and�operational�core�competencies.�

Firmly�established�in�the�armed�forces�command�and�control�organization,�the�Ulm�Command�currently�constitutes�a�reli-able� advice� and� planning� tool� and� a� command� and� control�instrument�for�the�national�and�the�international�community�at�the�military-strategic�and�at�the�operational�level.�Military-strategic�and�operational�planning,�command�and�control�in�

Operations�|�It’s�A�Different�World� kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de8

the�context�of�networked�security�remains�a�challenge.�Based�on� its�experience�and�specific�demands,� the�Command�sees�itself�in�a�key�position�to�further�develop�command�and�con-trol�systems�for�deployments.�

The�focus�remains,�however,�on�the�development�and�imple-mentation�of�simulation�systems�in�order�to�ensure�the�core�competencies� of� providing� command� and� control� of� opera-tions� by� highly� qualified� personnel.� In� its� early� days� itself� a�brainchild� of� transformation,� the� Command� has� become� an�essential� driving� force� behind� the� ongoing� further� develop-ment�of� the�armed� forces�committed�to� the�optimization�of�

command�and�control�processes,�exercise�and�operation�anal-ysis,�and,�above�all,�knowledge�management.�

Ulm Command Expands Operational Capabilities

The� activation� of� the� Command� quickly� produced� an� inter-national� network� and� a� global� perspective.� This� is� another�characteristic� illustrating�the�multinational�dimension�of� the�Bundeswehr�transformation�process.�

In�Ulm,�military� lessons�learned�and�expertise�gained�by�the�EU,�NATO,�and�the�United�Nations,�as�well�as�those�from�non-military�organizations�working�at�the�multinational�level,�are�evaluated� with� a� view� to� our� own� mission� accomplishment,�and� are� implemented� accordingly.� The� Command� moni-tors� national� and� multinational� developments� of� command,�control� and� planning� procedures,� and� integrates� them� into�the� Command� and� the� armed� forces.�The� Ulm� Command� is�prepared� for� dialog,� and� actively� calls� for� a� debate� with� the�national� Commands� to� further� develop� the� aspects� of� com-mand�and�control,�and�of�joint�and�combined�cooperation�in�the�context�of�networked�security.

Further Developing

Command and Control Concepts

There�is�one�special�capability�the�Command�can�already�pro-vide�today:�the�use�of�a�Homebase�based�on�the�guiding�prin-ciple�“Move�information�not�people”,�or,�“As�few�HQ�personnel�

as� possible� in� theater”.� Unlike� the� deployable� component�of� the� headquarters,� the� Homebase� will� remain� in� Ulm� as� a�stationary� component� in� the� event� of� deploying� as� an� FHQ.�By�using�modern�means�of�communication,�for�instance,�it�is�possible�to�assume�planning�tasks�without�having�to�deploy�personnel.

The� Joint� Command� and� Control� Information� System� (FüIn-foSysSK)� represents� a� central� tool� of� command� support.� It�provides� a� secure� environment� for� the� horizontal� and� verti-cal�exchange�of�classified�information.�The�required�technical�interoperability�with�external�systems�at�superior�and�subor-

dinate�levels�must�be�ensured.�Since�the�Ulm�Command�has�specific� requirements� based� on� its� command� and� control�tasks�both�at�the�military-strategic�level�and�at�the�local�oper-ational� level� in� theater,� it� is� continuously� involved� in� further�developing,� and,� above� all,� in� comprehensively� networking�the�system.

Logistics–A Critical Operational Challenge

Less�than�a�year�after�its�activation,�starting�in�mid-2006,�Com-mand�staff�participated�in�the�EU�mission�to�the�Congo�at�the�OHQ�in�Potsdam,�at�the�FHQ�in�Kinshasa,�and�as�“German�Con-tingent�Commander�HQ”�in�Libreville.�

Logistic�expertise�was�provided�throughout�all�stages�and�lev-els.� It� was� above� all� the� lessons� learned� from� this� operation�that�provided� important� impetus� for�developing�the� logistic�planning�of�future�operations.�

The�planners�of�NATO�Response�Force�(NRF)�missions�face�sim-ilar�logistic�challenges.�As�a�crucial�partner�of�the�alliances,�the�Bundeswehr�bears�special�responsibility�for�the�further�devel-opment�of�the�basic�concepts.�Logistics�is�one�of�the�central�pillars�in�this�context.�

This� is�why�the�Command� is�a�prominent�contributor� to� the�development� of� new� solutions� in� the� logistics� landscape� of�the�armed�forces�at�the�national�and�multinational�level.�The�implementation� of� these� solutions� will� benefit� Bundeswehr�logistics�as�a�whole,�and�the�deployed�forces�in�particular.

kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de� Highly�Mobile�Infrastructure�|�Operations 9

In� its�role�as�Force�Headquarters�(FHQ),�the�Response�Forces�Operations� Command� must� be� capable� of� deploying� on� EU�missions�at�very�short�notice—within�10�days—in�any�coun-try� of� the� world.�The� infrastructure� for� this� FHQ� is� of� special�importance�in�this�context.�

Rapidly Deployable Tents

To�ensure�rapid�deployment,�the�Response�Forces�Operations�Command�is�equipped�with�an�air-transportable�type�of�tents�for� the� FHQ,� while� a� considerably� more� durable� container-based�version�of�FHQ�infrastructure�is�available�for�sustained�operations:�container�modules.

Containers with 170 Workstations

A� container� comprises� two� office� rooms� of� identical� size�located�to�the�left�and�right�of�a�smaller�middle�section�which�is� used� as� an� entrance� or� doorway� and� accommodates� the�server�cabinet.�Up�to�four�containers�can�be�connected�by�tent�tunnels.�

Large�tents�serving�for�conferences�can�also�be�incorporated�into� the� system.� A� total� of� almost� 170� workstations� can� be�achieved�when�all�24�containers�are�set�up.�For� storage,� the�

containers�are�dismantled�and�placed�in�transport�containers�outfitted�with�a�special�ventilation�system�for�material�protec-tion.� Transportation� mostly� occurs� by� road,� rail,� or� water.� It�takes�almost�two�weeks�to�completely�assemble�all�containers�including�interior�equipment.

Specialized Companies Do the Job

Assembly�and�operation�are�the�responsibility�of�the�special-ized�companies�of�the�RFOC�Support�Battalion.�The�Command�Post� Operations� Company� reconnoiters,� plans,� sets� up,� and�operates�the�deployable�tent-�and�container-based�command�post.�The�Supply�Company�takes�care�of�the�logistics,�and�pro-vides� personnel� and� materiel� for� repair,� transportation,� and�messing.�

The�Command�Support�Company�is�responsible�for�all� infor-mation�processing,�and�supplies�the�FHQ�with�the�Joint�Com-mand�and�Control�Information�System�(JCCIS)�as�well�as�other�information�systems�as�necessary.�

The�Combat�Service�Support�Company�assumes�security�and�protection�tasks,�while�the�Ulm-based�Headquarters�Company�provides�NCOs�and�enlisted�personnel,�and�makes�sure�that�all�divisions�in�the�Command�have�the�equipment�they�need.

Highly Mobile Infrastructure

Readily and rapidly deployable tents and containers allow mobile headquarters to be established worldwide.

Operations�|�Ready�for�European�Union�Missions� kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de10

Ready for European Union Missions

The Ulm Command stands for successful command and control at the military-strategic and the operational level.

The�Ulm�Command�provides�the�Bundeswehr�with�personnel�and� materiel� for� a� headquarters� that,� when� necessary,� must�be�able�to�plan�and�exercise�command�and�control�of�military�operations�at�very�short�notice.�For�EU�Battlegroup�operations,�the�Command�can�be�employed�both�at�the�military-strategic�level�as�an�Operation�Headquarters�(OHQ),�and�at�the�opera-tional�level�as�a�Force�Headquarters�(FHQ).�The�FHQ,�equipped�with� stationary� and� mobile� command,� control� and� informa-tion�systems,�can�be�deployed�worldwide�within�a�few�days�to�conduct�military�operations�on�behalf�of�the�EU.�

The Operation Headquarters (OHQ) Role

As� OHQ,� the� Command� will� be� under� the� direct� authority�of� the� competent� political� EU� committee,� the� Political� and�Security�Committee�(PSC),� for�the�duration�of�the�operation.�The� primary� task� of� an� OHQ� is� to� translate� political� require-ments�into�military�directives�and�missions.�For�instance,�one�

requirement�could�be�to�provide�election�security� in�a�state.�The�OHQ�will�translate�this�political�requirement�into�an�over-all�military�concept�and�identify�troop�requirements.�In�2006,�for�instance,�the�EU�Mission�to�the�Congo�(EUFOR�RD�CONGO)�was�led�from�the�OHQ�in�Potsdam�provided�by�Germany.�

In�July�2009,�this�responsibility�passed�from�the�Bundeswehr�Operations� Command� in� Potsdam� to� the� Response� Forces�Operations� Command� in� Ulm,� which� will� use� the� stationary�infrastructure�at�the�Henning�von�Tresckow�Barracks�in�Pots-dam�during�operations.�It�offers�all�the�necessary�installations�including� an� operations� center� equipped� with� satellite� links�for�worldwide�communication.�

In�addition�to�the�Ulm�Command�personnel,�augmentees�will�also�be�provided�by�other�EU�nations.�The�personnel�strength�of� an� OHQ� depends� on� the� type� and� size� of� the� individual�mission.

kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de� Ready�for�European�Union�Missions�|�Operations 11

The Force Headquarters (FHQ) Role

The�role�of�Force�Headquarters�(FHQ)�at�the�operational�level�involves�strategic-military�requirements�to�be�translated�into�specific� orders� and� plans� for� those� forces� conducting� the�mission.�

The� FHQ� has� command� and� control� of�up� to� 60,000� troops� comprising� Army,�Air� Force,� Navy,� Joint� Medical� Service�and� Special� Forces� elements.� They� are�modular�and�tailored�to�mission.�

The� FHQ� deploys� to� or� near� a� theater,�exercising� command� and� control� from�there.�Tents� and/or� containers� are� pro-vided�to�set�up�the�command�post.

On Standby for EU Battlegroups

Since�2007,�the�EU�has�kept�two�Battle-groups� permanently� available� on� a� six-month� rotation� schedule� as� a� military�tool�for�joint�crisis�management.�

The�core�of�an�EU�Battlegroup�comprises�an�infantry�battalion,�reinforced�by�addi-tional�command,�support�and�logistic�elements�enabling�it�to�conduct�self-sustained�operations�for�a�limited�period�of�time.�This�multinational�core�force�has�a�strength�of�approximately�1,500� Army� soldiers,� and� is� complemented� by� Air� Force� and�Navy�contingents�earmarked�for�this�purpose�as�the�situation�requires.�

A�one-year�training,�preparation�and�integration�process�ena-bles� the� EU� Battlegroup� to� cover� a� broad� spectrum� of� crisis�management� tasks,� to� include� the� separation� and� disarma-ment�of�parties�to�a�conflict,�evacuation�missions�and�disaster�relief�operations.�

The�key�factor�in�this�is�the�ability�for�rapid,�worldwide�deploy-ment.� An� EU� Battlegroup� must� be� capable� of� establishing�initial�operational�capability� in�the�area�of�conflict�within�10�days�of�being�tasked�by�the�political�bodies.�Sustainability�in�theater�must�be�a�minimum�of�30�days�and�a�maximum�of�120�days.�

In�the�middle�of�the�first�half�of�2010,�after�the�so-called�stand-by�phase,�the�Command�was�successfully�entrusted�with�the�preparation�and�command�and�control�of�such�an�EU�Battle-group�for�the�fourth�time.

In�the�first�half�of�2011,�the�Ulm�Command�was�again�desig-nated�and�tasked�to�provide�the�OHQ�in�the�event�of�activa-tion.�The�second�half�of�2012�holds�a�special�challenge�since�from�that�time�on�and�for�another�six�months,�the�Command�will�be� on�standby� to� fulfill� the� dual-hatted� function�of�pro-viding� both� the� OHQ� and� the� FHQ,� should� an� activation� be�necessary.

The� EU� BG� Concept� provides� the�European� Union� with� its� own� military�crisis�management�capabilities�ranging�from� humanitarian� relief� operations�and�combat�operations� in�the�context�of� crisis� management,� to� peacemak-ing� measures� (“Petersberg� tasks”).�These�EU�Battlegroups�are�intended�to�provide� the� capability� to� rapidly� and�adequately� respond� to� acute� security�challenges�and�crises.

EU� Battlegroups� have� a� multina-tional� staff,� with� one� lead� nation� and�mostly�two�to�four�other�nations.�An�EU�BG�is�generally�composed�of�an�infan-try� battalion� reinforced� by� combat,�logistic,� and� combat� service� support�forces,�and,�if�need�be,�further�comple-mented�by�air�and�naval�forces.�

An� EU� Battlegroup� can� reach� a�strength� of� up� to� 3,000� troops,� if� fully�augmented.

The� Response� Forces� Operations�Command� is� the� only� Bundeswehr�Command� capable� of� fulfilling� the�EU� requirement� of� deploying� a� Force�Headquarters� (FHQ)� to� a� theater� of�operations�on�short�notice,�or�of�exer-cising� command� and� control� at� the�military-strategic�level�as�an�Operation�Headquarters�(OHQ).

EU Battlegroup (EU BG)

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Exercise�|�Enhancing�Operational�Capability� kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de14

Enhancing Operational Capability

First-class training and excellent mission preparation are essential for fulfilling international commitments.

Exercises�are�the�highlight�of�any�training.�They�must�be�tai-lored� to� optimize� the� operational� capability� of� the� armed�forces.� As� part� of� the� Common� Security� and� Defense� Policy�(CSDP)�of�the�European�Union,�Germany�must�make�an�ade-quate� military-political� contribution� to� military� exercises� of�the�EU�Exercise�Program�by�providing�either�an�EU�Operation�Headquarters�(OHQ),�or�an�EU�Force�Headquarters�(FHQ).�

These� multinational� key� exercises� are� also� regularly� used�to� certify� headquarters� or� force� packages� for� multinational�quasi-operational�commitments,�and�to�verify�the�full�opera-tional�capability�(FOC)�of�HQ�staffs.�

During� Exercise� European� Endeavour� in� 2009,� the� Response�Forces� Operations� Command� demonstrated� the� full� opera-tional�capability�of�the�FHQ�based�on�the�scenario�of�a�military�EU�crisis�management�operation.�Now,�this�standard�must�be�maintained—and�raised.�

Since�2005,�the�Ulm�Command�has�participated�in�numerous�command�post�exercises�(CPX),�either�as�a�training�audience�as,�for�instance,�during�the�MILEX�exercise�series,�or�as�head-quarters�designing�the�exercise�while�simultaneously�training�and� certifying� its� own� HQ,� as,� for� example,� during� the� Euro-pean� Endeavour� exercises.� Successful� participation� in� these�exercises� requires,� above� all,� that� Command� personnel� be�thoroughly�prepared�for�their�specific�tasks.�Exercises�are�not�an� end� in� themselves.�Their� primary� purpose� is� to� maintain,�and�enhance,�operational�capability.�

Prepared by a Single Source

The�extensive�exercise�activities� require�a�multitude�of�chal-lenging�and�time-consuming�efforts�for�preparation�and�fol-low-up.�They�do�not�only�reflect�the�amount�of�international�commitments�the�Command�has�to�fulfill,�but�also�ensure�that�Command�personnel�is�well�prepared�for�different�operational�contingencies.�

kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de� Enhancing�Operational�Capability�|�Exercise 15

This�is�the�only�way�to�meet�the�high�standards�we�have�set�ourselves.� Furthermore,� all� preparations� for� missions� and�equivalent�commitments�are�provided�by�a�single�source.

European Union Exercises

When� it� comes� to� crisis� management,� the� European� Union�relies� both� on� civilian� and� military� capabilities.� Since� 2004,�the�European�Union�has�conducted�annual�exercises�to�build�and�maintain�its�military�capabilities:�the�Crisis�Management�Exercise� (CME)� designed� to� train� civil-military� cooperation,�and�the�Military�Exercise�(MILEX)�focusing�on�the�EU’s�military�capabilities.�

The� Response� Forces� Operations� Command’s� first� participa-tion�in�MILEX�was�in�the�year�2005�when�it�provided�the�FHQ.�During� MILEX� 2010,� the� Ulm� Command� was—for� the� first�time—faced�with�fulfilling�the�OHQ�task�it�had�assumed�in�the�middle�of�2009.�The�subordinate�FHQ�was�provided�by�France.�

In�2011,�the�Command�will�again�provide�the�FHQ�for�its�third�MILEX�participation.

Common Endeavour 2012

The�preparations�for�the�exercise�highlights�of�the�year�2012�are� well� under� way.� The� planning� of� the� national� and� joint�Common� Endeavour� 2012� project� takes� the� Command� into�

uncharted�waters.�Elements� from�the�military�organizational�areas� are� brought� together� under� what� is� captioned�“Initial�Networked-Enabled� Capability”� with� the� aim� of� using� les-sons�learned�from�this�procedural�exercise�for�the�immediate�improvement�of�operational�quality.�

While�network-enabled�operations�are�a�core�element�of�the�Bundeswehr� transformation� process,� they� also� provide� an�important�national�contribution�to�NATO�and�the�EU�in�terms�of�network-enabled�capabilities.

Since� implementation�started� in� the�year�2009,�adjustments�have� been� necessary� to� accommodate� changing� situations,�especially�in�theaters�of�operation.�

The�initial�capability�for�networked-enabled�operations�in�the�three� applications� of� Protection,� Air� Defense� and� Joint� Fire�Support�must�be�achieved�by�the�end�of�2012.�

MILEX�(“Military�Exercise”)�is�an�exer-cise�series�conducted�by�the�European�Union�since�2005.�It�is�designed�to�train�the� military� crisis� management� com-petencies�of� the�Operation�Headquar-ters�(OHQ)�and�the�Force�Headquarters�(FHQ)�under� the� lead�of� the�European�Military�Staff�(EUMS).�

The� focus� of� the� exercise� is�on� the� interaction� between� the�

military-strategic� level� and� the� opera-tional�level.�It�is�designed�to�produce�a�Concept�of�Operations�(CONOPS)�or�an�Operation�Plan�(OPLAN)�as�part�of�the�operational�planning�process.�

For� the� MILEX� series� to� cover� the�Petersberg� Spectrum� to� the� greatest�degree�possible,�different�scenarios�are�created�involving�a�variety�of�different�challenges.

EU Military Exercise Series (MILEX)

Exercise�|�Enhancing�Operational�Capability� kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de16

Concepts,� procedures,� and� chains� of� effects� must� be� tested�and� verified� during� the� final� exercise� as� this� project� is� a� key�prerequisite� for� the� Command-led� assessment� of� the� Bun-deswehr’s�network-enabled�capabilities.�

The�Ulm�Command�is�responsible�for�the�overall�organization�and� conduct� of� the� final� exercise� which� will� focus� on� test-ing�the�chains�of�effects�of�the�applications�on�the�basis�of�a�

comprehensive�horizontal�and�vertical�network�and�across�all�levels�of�command�to�provide�information�on�generating�and�obtaining�a�joint�operational�picture.�This�operational�picture�will�be�examined�by�a�so-called�“Fusion�Center”�at�the�level�of�a�deployable�operations�staff.�

This� joint� exercise,� which� will� include� live� and� experimen-tal� components� where� necessary,� will� bring� the�“Initial� Net-worked-Enabled�Capability”�project�to�a�successful�close.

European Endeavour 2012

To� ensure� the� operational� capability� of� the� EU� Battlegroup�which�will�be�placed�under�German�command�in�the�second�half�of�2012,�exercise�European�Endeavour�2012�will�serve�to�conclude� the� preparation� and� successful� certification� of� the�(F)HQ�and�the�EU�Battlegroup�HQ.�

In� this� exercise,� jointness� is� just� as�important� an� aspect� as� the�“Compre-hensive�Approach“�which�refers�to�the�interaction� of� a� multitude� of� civilian�and�military�actors.�

The�Command�will�design�and�conduct�this�command�post�exercise.�It�will�take�place� at� the� Wildflecken� training� area�in� the� months� of� May� and� June� 2012�with� a� large� number� of� multinational�participants.

Multilayer 2012

EU� exercise� Multilayer� 2012� requires� the� Response� Forces�Operations�Command�to�provide�an�Operation�Headquarters.�The� focus� of� exercise� Multilayer� 2012� will� be� on� the� politi-cal�and�military-strategic�procedures�ahead�of�a�possible�EU�mission.� Here,� too,� the� Ulm� Command� will� commit� many� of�its�own�resources�as�early�as�in�the�preparation�phase�of�the�exercise.

In� 2006,� the� joint� exercise� series�“European� Endeavour”� was� initiated,�and�the�Ulm�Command�was�tasked�by�the�Chief�of�Staff,�Bundeswehr,�with�the�planning,�design,�conduct,�and�follow-up�of�all�exercises�of�this�series.

The� exercise� is� regularly� used� to�certify� German-led� multinational� EU�Battlegroups� and� their� headquarters�which� are� also� mostly� provided� by�Germany.�

For� the� troop� contributing� nations,�these�exercises�mark�the�end,�and�the�highlight,� of� multinational� prepara-tions�for�the�Battlegroup’s�subsequent�stand-by�phase.�

Lessons�learned�during�the�exercise�are� used� by� the� Force� Commander� as�the�basis�of�his�readiness�report.�

The� exercise� can� also� serve� to� train�an� operational� FHQ� provided� by� Ger-many�far�beyond�the�scope�of�EU�Bat-tlegroup�force�package�restrictions.

Exercise� scenarios� are� constantly�adjusted�to�current�developments.�

The� Comprehensive� Approach,� for�instance,� referring� to� the� joint� action�of� civilian� and� military� actors� towards�a�common�goal,�has�started�to�take�an�increasingly�bigger�role.

European Endeavour Exercise Series

6

8

2012

kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de� Innovations�and�Networks�|�Advancement 17

Security� developments� in� the� future� will� not� so� much� be�determined�by�military�factors,�but�rather�by�social,�economic,�ecological,�and�cultural�aspects.�Today,�crises�and�conflicts�are�increasingly� characterized� by� the� presence� of� non-govern-mental� and� governmental� actors� alike,� and� by� asymmetric�forms�of�violence�emerging�next�to�conventional�warfare.�

Germany� responds� to� these� new� security� challenges� with� a�cross-government�and�internationally�coordinated�approach�incorporating� political,� economic,� financial,� social,� and� mili-tary�tools�and�instruments.

Networked Security

In� the� Bundeswehr,� the� Response� Forces� Operations� Com-mand� provides� the� core� capability� of� planning,� command-ing,�and�controlling�multinational�operations�at�the�military-strategic� and� operational� level.� In� the� context� of� networked�security,� the� Command� must� be� able� to� exercise� command�and� control� of� these� operations� in� a� multinational� environ-ment�with�interagency�structures.�The�Ulm�Command�lays�the�necessary�groundwork�by�conducting�training�and�exercises,�and�by� liaising�with�civilian�actors�as�part�of�normal� routine�operations.�

In�Ulm,�military� lessons�learned�and�expertise�gained�by�the�European� Union,� NATO,� and� the� United� Nations,� as� well� as�those� from� non-military� organizations� working� at� the� multi-national� level,�are�evaluated�with�a�view�to�our�own�mission�accomplishment,�and�are�implemented�accordingly.�

Command� personnel� are� represented� at� the� European�Defence�Agency�(EDA)�and�in�EU�project�groups,�at�the�Bun-deswehr� Transformation� Center’s� mission� to� the� US� Joint�Forces�Command�(USJF-COM),�at�the�NATO�Allied�Command�Operations�(ACO),�and�at�the�NATO�Allied�Command�Transfor-mation�(ACT).�

Joint Command and Control System

The� Command� continues� to� provide� leadership� and� opera-tional�expertise�for�the�development�of� innovative�solutions�by� means� of� Concept� Development� and� Experimentation�(CD&E).�One�example�is�Multinational�Experiment�5.�Because�of�its�direct�involvement�in�exercises�and�operations,�the�Com-mand� is� particularly� suited� for� shaping� transformation� in� a�tangible� and� practical� manner.� The� Ulm� Command� may� be�called�a�“beacon�project”�or�“driving�force”�of�the�transforma-tion�process.

Innovations and Networks

The Ulm Command contributes to the advancement of networked security in the armed forces.

Ulm�Command�|�Joint�and�Combined� kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de18

The�Ulm�Command�boasts�a�wide�range�of�capabilities�in�the�area�of�military-strategic�and�operational�command�and�con-trol�of�multinational�operations.�It�has�lent�fresh�and�powerful�impetus�to�many�areas.�

The� combination� of� leadership� expertise,� knowledge� gath-ered� from� exercise� operations,� and� further� development�under�one�roof�is�unique,�even�by�international�standards.�The�Command�integrates�the�aspects�of�jointness�and�combined-ness�to�a�particularly�high�degree.

Out�of�a�total�of�253�troops,�about�two-thirds�are�members�of�the�Army,�25�percent�are�Air�Force�personnel,�12�percent�are�Navy� servicemembers,� and� about� 4� percent� are� Joint� Medi-cal�Service�staff.�The�Command�currently�employs�22�civilian�staff�members.�While�54�billets�are�currently�available�to�mul-tinational�troops�from�other�EU�and�NATO�member�countries,�

strong�efforts�are�being�made�to�raise�this�number�even�fur-ther.�As�was�the�case�during�the�era�of�the�II.�German-Ameri-can�Korps,�the�US-American�liaison�element�comprises�three�liaison�officers� to�maintain� liaison�with�Germany,� its� transat-lantic�partner.�

Another�13�multinational�billets�are�currently�filled�with�mili-tary�personnel�from�Austria,�the�Netherlands,�France,�Poland,�and� the� Czech� Republic.�Vacant� posts� are� offered� to� the� EU�partners�at�a�semi-annual�conference.�

Every� year,� some� 40� Command� members� deploy� on� opera-tions,� to� primarily� include� the� ISAF� mission� in� Afghanistan,�and� Operation� Atalanta,� the� EU� anti-piracy� mission� off� the�Somali�coast.�Ulm�personnel�also�operate�in�Kosovo,�Uganda,�and,�as�observers,�in�Lebanon�and�Sudan.

Joint and Combined

The Response Forces Operations Command is built on a broad foundation.

kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de� Joint�and�Combined�|�Ulm�Command 19

Let Everyone KnowThe Public Affairs Office

The� Command’s� Public� Affairs� Officer�and� his� communication� team� are� the�interface�with�the�public.�They�maintain�contact� with� local,� supraregional,� and�international�media�representatives�and�work�in�close�cooperation�with�the�Bun-deswehr�media.�

The� Public� Affairs� Officer� advises� the�Commander� directly� on� all� internal�and� external� communication� issues—including� in� times� of� crisis—and� offers�assistance� during� exercises� and� opera-tions.�His�staff�provides�the�members�of�the� Command� with� current� news� and�daily� press� evaluations,� and� presents�the�unique�capabilities�of�the�Ulm�Com-mand�online,�in�a�variety�of�print�prod-ucts,�and�in�image�trailers.

Pure JusticeThe Legal Advisors

These� certified� lawyers� provide� legal�advice�to�the�Commander�and�his�staff,�focusing� on� operational� law,� i.e.� the�respective�mandates�passed�by�the�UN�Security� Council,� the� European� Union,�or� the�German�Parliament,�agreements�under� international� law,� international�humanitarian�law,�and�issues�pertaining�to�the�right�of�residence�during�deploy-ments�abroad.�Legal�advisors� (LEGADs)�also� review� all� orders� carrying� legal�implications.� As� an� example,� LEGADs�evaluate� circumstances� under� which�soldiers� are� permitted� to� use� military�force� during� humanitarian� or� peace-keeping� operations.� However,� LEGAD�advice� is� not� only� required� for� opera-tions�abroad�and�exercise�activities,�but�also� during� daily� routine� operations� at�home.�

Early Warners and NavigatorsControlling

Controlling� personnel� advise� the� Com-mander�on�efficient�and�effective,�goal-oriented� agency� management.� They�support� the� command� and� control�process� by� collecting,� analyzing,� struc-turing,� and� providing� information� as�required� by� the� different� levels� and� as�relevant�to�decision�making.�

The� staff� continuously� monitor� if� and�how�specified�targets�are�achieved;�they�perform� deviation� analyses� comparing�planned� and� actual� data;� they� provide�due�notification�of�any�target�deviations�(“early�warning”);�and�they�support�the�identification�of�economic�and�efficient�action� and� adjustments� (“navigation”).�Controllers� at� the� Command� use� the�modern� Balanced� Scorecard� perform-ance�management�tool.

Commander Deputy Commander

Deputy Commander and Chief of Staff

Public Affairs Office Legal Advisor

Controlling

Chaplain Service

Support Battalion

Coordination

Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations Deputy Chief of Staff, Support

J2 – Mil Intel/GeoInfo J1 – Personnel

J5 – Planning and Further Development J6 – IT and Communications Technology

J9 – Civil-Military Cooperation JMed – Medical Service

J3 – Campaign Synchronization J4 – Logistics

J7 – Training and Exercises J8 – Mission Funding

JEngr – Engineer Operations

Senior Medical Officer

Staff Council

Language Service

Equal Opportunity Officer

Structure of the Response Forces Operations Command

Ulm�Command�|�Joint�and�Combined� kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de20

Spinning the ThreadsCoordination

The�Coordination�division�is�in�charge�of�HQ-internal�operations.�It�comprises�the�Information� Center,� HQ� Concept� and�Visitor� Organization� Services,� and� HQ�Support.�The�division�is�also�the�coordi-nating�body�and�point�of�contact�for�the�language� service� staff� detached� from�the� Federal� Office� of� Languages.� Coor-dination� personnel� monitor� require-ments,�assignments,�and�deadlines,�and�they� develop� regulations,� directives,�and�orders�governing�the�staff�work�and�HQ-internal� operational� procedures.�Additional� tasks� include� the� organiza-tion� of� visits,� meetings,� seminars,� and�conferences� with� national� and� interna-tional� participants,� and� the� operation�of� the� mail� room,� the� registry� and� the�graphics�service.

All Together NowThe Staff Council

The� Staff� Council� represents� the� inter-ests� of� military� and� civilian� Command�personnel� vis-à-vis� the� Command�group.�The�rights�and�obligations�of�the�Staff� Council� are� governed� by� law.�The�Staff�Council� is�the�point�of�contact�for�any� social� issues.� Its� members� provide,�for�instance,�assistance�in�labor�and�col-lective�bargaining�matters�to�civil�serv-ants�and�salaried�employees.�

It�also�has�the�function�of�spokesperson�for� military� personnel,� providing� legal�advice�on�the�Military�Disciplinary�Code�

and� the� Military� Complaints� Regula-tions.�At�garrison�level,�the�Staff�Council�is�involved�in�all�panels�mandating�per-sonnel�representation.

Men Only? A Thing of the PastThe Equal Opportunity Officer

The�Equal�Opportunity�Officer�promotes�and� supports� the� implementation� of�the� Act� on� the� Enforcement� of� Equal�Opportunities�for�Female�and�Male�Mili-tary�Personnel�of� the�Bundeswehr,�and�participates� in� all� personnel,� organiza-tional,�and�social�measures�of�her�activ-ity� relating� to� the� equal� status� of� male�and� female� soldiers,� the� compatibility�of�family�life�and�military�duty,�and�the�protection� of� personnel� against� sexual�harassment� at� work.�The� Equal� Oppor-tunity� Officer� is� also� involved� when�military� personnel� are� ranked� for� pro-

motion.�This� includes� all� ranks� ranging�from� enlisted� personnel� to� field-grade�officers.� She� also� has� the� right� to� refer�directly�to�the�Commander,�and�partici-pates�in�the�weekly�Commander’s�brief-ings,� agency� head� meetings,� and� HQ�staff�meetings.

The Right Man—and the Right Woman—in the Right PlaceJ1 – Personnel

J1� is� all� about� personnel.� The� division�staff� make� sure� that� each� and� every�one�of�the�approximately�300�Response�Forces� Operations� Command� billets� is�

manned� with� an� adequately� trained�soldier.� During� foreign� deployments,�J1� also� controls� the� manning� of� bil-lets� of� German� and� multinational� HQ�elements.�

The�division�manages�nearly�110�reserv-ists� available� to� the� HQ� for� all� impor-tant� positions.� A� military� psychologist�is� available� to� provide� counseling� and�support�to�the�soldiers.�J1�staff�also�plan�and� organize� morale,� welfare,� and� rec-reation�activities.

Knowledge is PowerJ2 – Military Intelligence and Geoinformation Services

Today,� access� to� knowledge� and� infor-mation� is� key� to� all� successful� military�operations.� J2� comprises� the� three�areas� of� military� intelligence,� knowl-

edge� development,� and� geoinforma-tion� services,� all� striving� to� achieve�knowledge�and�information�superiority.�Processes�are�marked�by�a�comprehen-sive�approach�of�gathering�information,�analyzing�it�and�translating�it�into�appli-cable�knowledge.�

State-of-the-art� technologies� such� as�the� network-based� geographic� infor-mation� system� GIS,� databases,� world-wide� networks,� and� sophisticated�tools� of� analysis� not� only� support� J2�projects,� but� they� also� form� the� core,�provide� the� basis,� and� are� the� driving�factors� for� a� comprehensive� and� com-mon�operational�picture�and�situational�understanding.�

kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de� Joint�and�Combined�|�Ulm�Command 21

Operational and Strategic Level Command and ControlJ3 – Campaign Synchronization

J3�is�responsible�for�campaign�synchro-nization� both� at� the� operational� level,�i.e.� in� an� FHQ,� and� at� the� military-stra-tegic� level� in� an� OHQ� of� the� European�Union.�This�task�requires�different�levels�of� medium-� and� short-term� planning�and�command�and�control�capabilities.�They� are� achieved� by� a� personnel� mix�from�all�Services,�military�organizational�areas,�and�other�nations.�

All� those� specialists� whose� expertise� is�unique�in�the�Command�are�assigned�to�the�Operations�Support�section.

No Operation Without SupportJ4 – Logistics

J4�handles�all�logistic�issues�in�the�Com-mand.� Its� main� tasks� in� the� OHQ/FHQ�include�the�evaluation�of�the�logistic�sit-uation,�and�the�preparation�of�a�logistic�concept�together�with�the�participating�nations.�

This� provides� the� basis� for� the� logis-tic� contribution� to� the� operation� plan,�and�for�the�development�of�the�logistic�annexes�to�the�plan.�Further�tasks�coor-dinated� in� the� OHQ� and� implemented�in� the� FHQ� by� J4� include� the� strategic�deployment�and�RSOI�(Reception/Stag-ing/Onward�Movement/Integration).�

Coordinating� all� national� and� multina-tional� logistic� capabilities� and� assets�deployed�abroad�to�optimize�their�sus-tainability� in� theater� represents� a� key�logistic�challenge.

Shaping the FutureJ5 – Operational Planning and Further Development

J5� is� the� Command’s� planning� division�and� provides� the� Command’s� long-term� operational� planning� capability�

required� for� a� stationary� military-stra-tegic�EU�Operation�Headquarters,�or�for�an� operational� EU� Force� Headquarters�deployable�to�a�theater�of�operations.�

The� Further� Development� section�explores� the� development� potential� of�joint� and� combined� operational� com-mand� and� control� by� monitoring� and�analyzing� national� and� multinational�developments� in� command,� control,�

and�planning�procedures,�and�by�intro-ducing�these�developments�in�the�Com-mand�and�the�armed�forces.�

This� enables� the� Command� to� keep�pace�with�corresponding�developments�unfolding� in� NATO� and� the� EU,� and� to�provide� a� considerable� contribution� to�the� interoperability� of� German� armed�forces.

No Operation Without InformationJ6 – Information and Communications Technology

Leadership� at� any� level� requires� good�and�reliable�sources�of�information,�and�this�is�what�J6�stands�for.�

The� deployable� Joint� Command� and�Control� Information� System� (FüInfo-SysSK)�available�at�the�Response�Forces�Operations�Command�allows�the�digital�display�and�analysis�of�the�situation.�

J6� links� up� all� cells� and� centers� both�within� its� own� headquarters� and,� via�satellites,� with� other� HQs� around� the�

world,�and�provides�wired�and�wireless�telephony,� data� transmission,� video�conferencing,� command� post� televi-sion,�and�access�to�the�Internet.

Success GuaranteedJ7 – Training and Exercises

J7�is�responsible�for�training�Command�personnel,� and� for� planning,� conduct-

ing,� and� assessing� joint� and� combined�exercises.� A� high� level� of� operational�readiness� can� only� be� maintained� by�constant�training�and�regular�exercises.�

As� part� of� training,� new� staff� members�are�familiarized�with�the�functionalities�of� an� OHQ� and� FHQ.� Exercise� planning�involves�preparing�scenarios,�establish-ing� an� exercise� control� organization,�and� developing� exercise� evaluation�plans.�

During� exercises,� the� J7� division� pro-vides� the� core� personnel� of� the� direct-ing� and� evaluation� staff,� and� coordi-nates�the�use�of�simulation�systems.

Athena—More than a GoddessJ8 – Budget and Contracting during Missions

The� members� of� J8� are� civilian� lawyers�and� administrative� personnel� con-cerned�with�the�EU�funding�mechanism�ATHENA� and� its� application,� further�development,� and� any� related� person-nel�training�measures.�

Ulm�Command�|�Joint�and�Combined� kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de22

Technical�expertise�and�practical�expe-rience� have� been� acquired,� and� put� to�use,� in� the� HQs� of� various� EU� missions�and�exercises.�

J8�personnel�draft�the�EU�budget�avail-able�for�an�operation,�manage�the�funds�for� the� duration� of� the� operation,� and�

negotiate� all� budget-related� contracts�on�behalf�of�the�EU.�The�ACOS�J8�advises�the� Operation� Commander� or� Force�Commander�on�mission�funding.

Shaping RelationsJ9 – Civil-Military Cooperation

J9� conducts� civil-military� cooperation�and�coordination�(CIMIC)�at�the�military-strategic�and�operational�level.�

As� part� of� the� Comprehensive�Approach,� armed� forces� must—in� all�types� of� operation� and� across� the� full�mission�spectrum—work�together�with�civilian� institutions,� organizations,� and�representatives.�

CIMIC� core� tasks� include� shaping� civil-military� relations,� providing� civilian�bodies� and� actors� with� information,�advice,� and� support,� and� participating�in�the�planning�and�conduct�of�military�operations.�

The� J9� division� provides� the� interface�ensuring� that� civilian� and� military�objectives� are� mutually� considered�when�planning�and�conducting�civilian�activities�and�military�operations.

Health ExpertsJMed – The Medical Service

JMed�is�responsible�for�planning,�organ-izing,� and� further� developing� medical�issues� in� multinational� operations.�This�includes� the� outpatient� and� inpatient�

treatment� of� personnel� in� theaters�around�the�world,�as�well�as�preventive�health� care.� JMed� staff� members� are�experts� in� organizing� and� managing�medical� services,� combining� a� wealth�of� clinical� experience� with� extensive�operational�experience.�They�keep�close�ties� with� the� Medical� Services� of� other�nations,� as� well� as� with� national� and�international� health� institutions� and�relief� organizations� to� ensure� the� best�possible� preparation� for� any� health�risks� encountered� in� the� countries� of�deployment.�

We Clear the Way JEngr – Engineer Operations

Engineer�operations�have�become�more�complex� and� multilayered� as� the� chal-lenges� for� today’s� armed� forces� have�increased.�Engineers�are�usually�among�the� first� to� arrive� in� theater,� and� their�broad�and�unique�scope�of�capabilities�makes� them� an� indispensable� asset� in�all�phases�of�an�operation.�

The� term� “Military� Engineering“� refers�to�the�classic�engineering�tasks�of�facili-tating� friendly� movements,� impeding�and� canalizing� enemy� movements,�

increasing� survivability,� and� establish-ing� operational� prerequisites.� Today,� it�also� includes� the� full� spectrum� of� pro-viding� in-theater� infrastructure.� Engi-neers� also� contribute� to� the� physical�protection�of�friendly�forces,�undertake�a�wide�variety�of�horizontal�and�vertical�construction� projects,� consolidate� the�

operational� picture,� and� are� substan-tially� engaged� in� explosive� ordnance�disposal�activities.

An Indispensable AssetThe Support Battalion

The� Support� Battalion� has� a� strength�of�more�than�700�soldiers�and�provides�support�to�all�primary�staff�functions�of�the�Command.�

While� its� primary� operational� task� is� to�set�up�and�operate�a�deployable�Force�Headquarters�(FHQ)�with�approximately�150�workstations,�the�Support�Battalion�also�runs�routine�operations�at�its�home�base� in� Ulm.� Since� the� Ulm� Command�assumed� the� tasks� of� an� EU� Operation�Headquarters� (OHQ),� the� Support� Bat-talion�has�been�responsible�for�ensuring�the� operational� readiness� of� the� OHQ�infrastructure�and�the�associated� infor-mation�technology�systems�in�Potsdam.�

The� battalion� is� composed� of� five� spe-cialized� companies� to� include� a� head-quarters�company,�a�command�support�company,� a� command� post� operations�company,� a� supply� company,� and� a�combat�service�support�company.

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j o i n t p l a n n i n g E U B Gc o m b i n e d m u l t i n a t i o n a le u r o p e a n e x p e r i e n c eo p e r a t i o n a l U Nm i l i t a r y e x e r c i s ec o m m a n d N a t o j o i n tc o m b i n e d e x p e r i e n c em u l t i n a t i o n a l e u r o p e a ne x p e r i e n c e f o r c em u l t i n a t i o n a l E U f o c u s

kommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de� Imprint

Imprint

Published byResponse�Forces�Operations�CommandPublic�Affairs�OfficeStuttgarter�Straße�19989081�Ulm�/�GermanyTelephone:�+49�(0)�7�31�/�16�90-3066Fax: +49�(0)�7�31�/�16�90-3065E-Mail:�KdoOpFuePIZ@bundeswehr.orgkommando-operative-fuehrung.bundeswehr.de

Public Affairs OfficerLieutenant�Colonel�Harald�Kammerbauer

ConceptNavy�Lieutenant�Alexander�Schilling

DesignCorporal�Christian�Richter

PhotosBundeswehr�Information�and�Media�Center,�Image�Database�/�Christian�Richter�/�Peter�Marquardt�/�Nils-Christoph�Burkhoff�/�Stadt�Ulm�/�Joshua�Laisina

PrintFederal�Office�of�Defense�Administration,�ZA�9Cologne/Bonn�Central�Printing�Office

EditionSpring�2011

Response Forces Operations Command

Public Affairs Office

Wilhelmsburg Barracks

Stuttgarter Straße 199

89081 Ulm / Germany

Tel: +49 (0)731 / 1690 - 3066

Fax: +49 (0)731 / 1690 - 3065

E-Mail: KdoOpFuePIZ@bundeswehr.org

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