2011 Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth Management in Cotton Culpepper, Steckel, York.

2011 Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth Management in Cotton

Culpepper, Steckel, York

Amaranthus rudis Amaranthus palmeri

Tennessee

Missouri

Illinois

MississippiGeorgia

S Carolina

N Carolina

Alabama

Louisiana

Arkansas

GR Pigweed in the Mid-south and Southeast

Steckel 2010

Managing GR Palmer in Cotton

(Southeast and MidSouth)

Weed Control SystemsStarting clean

At-plant residuals

Postemergence options

Layby directed and hooded options

Roundup- and Ignite-based program

Building integrated programsTillage, cover crops, etc

Preplant/PRE herbicides for Palmer amaranth

in Roundup Ready Cotton in SE

Preplant PRE

Valor

Direx

Controlling 5 inch Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer amaranth at Burndown. Macon Co., GA 2008.*

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 c

87 b94 a

58 b

Roundup Firestorm

2 pt

70 b

Firestorm +

2,4-D (1.5 pt)

Firestorm +

Clarity (8 oz)

Firestorm +

Diuron (1.8 pt)

*COC included with all Firestorm treatments

Palmer control at planting, burndown applied 17 d earlier. Macon Co., GA 2009.

0

20

40

60

80

100

90 b

Valor preplant

Direx preplant

99 a

2 GR Weeds in the Same Field

Steckel 2010

Burndown Programs for

GR Horseweed/Palmer

Programs:

Glyphosate + Clarity (1/2 pt)** + residual herbicide

Glyphosate + 2,4-D (2 pt)** + residual herbicide

SE residual: Direx or Valor

MS residual: Valor

Preplant/PRE herbicides for Palmer amaranth

in Roundup Ready Cotton in SE

Preplant PRE

Valor Prowl + diuron + Staple

Direx Reflex + Staple

Reflex + Cotoran

Reflex + diuron

Reflex + Prowl

Prowl + Cotoran

Prowl + diuron*Paraquat included with PRE except conventional till!

Palmer amaranth control by PRE herbicides; 40 days*

0 20 40 60 80 100

Cotoran

Prowl

Valor**

Direx

Caparol

Reflex

% control

* Average of 5 locations; 2 in GA, 3 in NC. No other herbicides included.** Applied same time as the PRE herbicides.

Staple (ALS susceptible)

GR Weed Management in CottonGR Weed Management in Cotton

Cotoran/Caparol or

Reflex on coarse soils

30 to 21 DBP Pre Emergence

Dicamba + glyphosate or Gramoxone Inteon

+/- Valor

Near Planting Burndown

Reflex apply 14 DBP and ½” of rain

Controlling GR Palmer amaranth in RR cotton. 2011. SE and MS.

POST11-lf cotton

POST 25-6 lf cotton

Layby

RU + Staple

(emerged pigweed)

RU + Dual or Warrant

RU + Dual or Warrant

RU + Dual or Warrant

Diuron

Suprend

Layby Pro

+

MSMA

Concept of Overlapping Residuals

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Time

Her

bic

ide

con

cen

trat

ion Critical herbicide

concentration

Concept of Overlapping Residuals

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Time

Her

bic

ide

con

cen

trat

ion Critical herbicide

concentration

Concept of Overlapping Residuals

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Time

Her

bic

ide

con

cen

trat

ion Critical herbicide

concentration

Early topical applications with residual needed before Palmer emerges in RR cotton!!

Prowl + Reflex PRE, Roundup + Dual Magnum POST 1, Roundup + Warrant POST 2, Direx + MSMA layby

POST 1 = 25 days after PRE POST 1 = 17 days after PRE

Hooded Spray or Layby Rig

Diuron + MSMA + COC

Suprend + MSMA + COC

Layby Pro + MSMA + COC

Gramoxone + diuron + COC (+ Valor)

(still have to direct to row)

Monsanto’s Roundup Ready Cotton Performance Roundup Ready Flex Cotton (Up to $20)

Valor 2 oz Valor 2 oz OROR Reflex 1 pt = ($4.00) Reflex 1 pt = ($4.00)

Cotoran, Cotton Pro, Caparol, diuron 2 pt = ($3.00)*

Warrant 3 pt or Dual Magnum 1 pt = ($4.50 or $3.00)

Gramoxone Inteon 2 pt = ($1.00)Gramoxone Inteon 2 pt = ($1.00)

*Will pay on 2 applications

Dryland Conservation Tillage

Prowl + Reflex PRE

Roundup + Dual POST

Diuron + MSMA PD

Prowl + Reflex PRE

Ignite + Dual POST

Diuron + MSMA PD

Palmer response to Ignite

WATER VOLUME AND NOZZLE TYPE IS CRITICAL

MUST KILL IT WITH THE FIRST APPLICATION

• Timing is critical!! 3 to 4 inches for consistent Palmer control.

Weed Management in Glufosinate-Tolerant Cotton

This is not a

4-inch pigweed!

32 oz/A Gly 4 fb 29 oz/A Ignite on 12” Palmer

7 days after IGN application

20 days after IGN application

Palmer amaranth must be small (3 to 4 inches) if consistently controlled by Ignite

Whitaker

Controlling GR Palmer amaranth in LL conventional DRYLAND cotton.

PREPLANT and PRE

POST11-lf cotton

POST 26-7 lf cotton

Layby

1. diuron + Reflex

2. Cotoran + Reflex

3. Prowl + Reflex

4. Diuron + Staple

5. Cotoran + Staple

6. Diuron PRE

7. Cotoran PRE

8. Treflan PPI

Ignite 29 oz + Dual Mag.

Ignite 29 oz diuron

+

MSMA

Phytogen Widestrike Cotton

1. Confers tolerance to Ignite

2. Tolerance not complete; injury will occur and yield loss can occur if you don’t know what you are doing.

3. According to EPA, Ignite can be applied to widestrike cotton.

4. However, grower is liable as neither Bayer, Dow, nor any University recommends or warrant the use of Ignite on Widestrike cotton

Phytogen Widestrike Cotton(treated with Ignite)

2004: 1 plot (researchers playing)

2005: 0.25 acres (research)

2006: 16 acres (research)

2007: <20,000 acres

2008: ~40,000 acres

2009: ~225,000 acres

2010: >750,000 acres

LL WRF

Agronomic performance Improving Proven

Grass control May need help Can apply Roundup

Morningglory control Excellent Excellent with Ignite

GR horseweed control Good Good with Ignite

Can apply Roundup NO! Yes

Tolerance to Ignite ExcellentAcceptable (when follow recommendations)

Weed management in LL vs WRF cotton

375 WideStrike Cotton Tolerance to Multiple Applications of Ignite

Pounds Lint CottonCulpepper, York and Steckel 2010

a

a

a

b

375 WideStrike Cotton Tolerance to Multiple Applications of Ignite

Number of 29 oz /A Ig nite Applic ations

1417

1444

1224

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Pounds Lint Cotton

a

a

b

No Ignite

Ignite 2 lf and 7 lf

Ignite 2 lf, 7 lf, bloom

375 WideStrike Cotton Tolerance to Multiple Applications of Ignite

Number of 29 oz /A Ig nite Applic ations

1417

1444

1224

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Pounds Lint Cotton

a

a

b

No Ignite

Ignite 2 lf and 7 lf

Ignite 2 lf, 7 lf, bloom

2 lfPhoto 5 d after 2 lf

application

Photo 5 d after bloom + 2 wk application

Can not survive with herbicides alone any longer

Staple + Reflex + Direx PRE

Roundup WMax + Parrlay POST

Direx + MSMA Layby

What percent Palmer amaranth control?

Developing Integrated Programs

York 2010

Hand WeedingHand Weeding

2010: GA: Herbicide input: $90 million

2010: TN: Herbicide input: $35 million

York 2010Hand WeedingHand Weeding

GA: 92% of growers handweeding 53% of the 2010 crop = $16 million

TN: growers handweeding 20% of crop = $3 million

TREFLAN/PROWL

PPIPRE

0

20

40

60

80

100

Before (2004) After (2008)

5

% a

cres

*Average of Macon, Taylor, Sumpter, Schley, and Dooly counties

Herbicide Incorp.

0

Impact of GR Palmer amaranth in Georgia counties with severe infestations.*

Tillage in Cotton During 2010%PPI

tillage GA Counties#

0 0

1-9 Worth, Pualski, Tift, Berrien, Echols, Turner, Brooks, Pierce,

Marion, Grady,

10

10-19 Emanual, Montgomery, Atkins, Coffee, Lowndes, Dooly, Wilcox,

Thomas, Crisp, Schley, Webster, Colquitt

11

20-29 Bullock, Jefferson, Treutlen, Wheeler, Daugherty 5

30-50 Effingham, Telfair, Tattnall, Dodge, Toombs, Jeff Davis, Bleckly,

Early, Lanier, Irwin, Lee, Macon

13

>50 Jenkins, Johnson, Washington, Screven, Wayne, Laurens, Randolf,

Decatur, Seminole, Miller, Taylor Ben Hill

12

Most Palmer amaranth emerges from top inch

No Deep Tillage Deep Turn

No Herbicide Treatment

Number of Palmer Amaranth Plants During Early Season. Macon Co., Georgia 2008.*

GR Palmer amaranth control by tillage and cover crop residue. 2006-2010..*

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 b

50 a

Weeds

*No herbicide

Deep inversion

%

Palmer requires a significant amount of sunlight to emerge!!

>90% control in middles

In the rye, control loss was in the strip

• Activating our residual herbicides!

• Palmer free at planting!

• Ignite resistance management!

• PPO resistance management!

• ALS (and other) chemistry resistant mgmt!

Tons of Issues/Challenges

Comments or Questions?

2002: $20/A 2010: $63/A