15. 10% of the energy is passed on 9, 000 kc 90 kc 900 kc 9 kc.
Post on 21-Jan-2016
238 Views
Preview:
Transcript
15.
10% of the energy is passed on
9, 000 kc
90 kc
900 kc
9 kc
Energy Pyramid• An energy pyramid is a diagram that
shows the amount of energy at each level of a food chain.
• The bottom of the pyramid shows the The bottom of the pyramid shows the producersproducers. The producers hold the . The producers hold the mostmost energy in an ecosystem. energy in an ecosystem.
• The The upperupper levels show the consumers. levels show the consumers.
Energy Pyramid
• The shape of the diagram represents two things: – the decrease in the amount of energy
moving from producers to primary consumers to secondary consumers to tertiary consumers
– the decrease in the number of organisms in an ecosystem as you move up the food chain.
» Video
Energy Pyramid
16. The triangular face shows that there are more organisms at the bottom (producers) and fewer organisms as you move up to higher trophic levels.
17. There are multiple faces to show the population sizes and the amount of energy available at each level, and that the amount of energy decreases as you move up to the top.
Questions
1. Why is there less energy available to move from one level to the next?
1. The reason there is less energy available from one level to the next is because most (90%) of the energy taken in is used up by organisms to carry out life processes.
Only about 10% of the energy taken in is passed on to the next level.
2. Why would an ecosystem have fewer organisms as you move up the food chain?
2. If there is less energy passed on to each level, then there is not enough energy to support a lot of organisms at the higher levels.
• What happens when populations of organisms increase or decrease dramatically?
• If a population increases dramatically, the organisms will run out of food and starve.
• If a population decreases dramatically, the predators will run out of food and starve.
• Let’s take a look! interface
Biomes
HO
T T
EM
PE
RA
TU
RE
CO
LDTUNDRA
SAVANNA- Tropical Grasslands
TROPICAL RAIN FOREST
TAIGA
TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST
LOW RAINFALL HIGH
coniferous
trees with cones and thin, needle-shaped leaves; evergreen trees such as pine, fir, and spruce
deciduous
trees that have flat leaves that change color and fall off before winter
Desert
Desert
deserts
• Land covered by rocks or sand. Poor soil.
• Extreme temperature changes between day and night. 77-120oF
• Very little rain--receives less than (10 in.) 25 cm of rain each year
• Some have cold winters, some have cold nighttime temperatures, but they have high daytime temperatures
deserts
• A few plants that are able to store water such as the saguaro cactus and creosote bushes.
• Animals mainly come out at night
• Snakes, other reptiles, rodents
• Owls, hawks, roadrunners
• Very few large animals.
• Barren, windblown sand dunes (hot deserts).
Biome Located near Temperature (hot, cold, moderate)
Rainfall(high, low, moderate, fewer than 10 in./year)
Plant and animal species(many, few, most, least)
18. Deserts The equatorHot days,Cool nights
Low, fewer than 10 inches per year
Few plant and animal species
Tundra
Tundra
tundra
• Land covered with ice for most of the year
• made up of permafrost—a layer of permanently frozen soil
• a cold biome that does not support trees
• Extremely cold and dry.
• Ave. temp -10-40oF; ave. rainfall 8 in. (a cold desert)
tundra
• Low grasses and lichens. No/few trees.
• Fewer species than other biomes.
• caribou, arctic foxes, snowshoe hares, owls, voles (rodents)
• Amphibians and reptiles are rare.
• A cold, treeless plain; Arctic regions
• The largest biome—covers about 20% of Earth’s land.
Biome Located near Temperature (hot, cold, moderate)
Rainfall(high, low, moderate, fewer than 10 in./year)
Plant and animal species(many, few, most, least)
19. tundra The poles Extremely cold—the coldest
Low--fewer than 10 in./year
Fewest plant and animal species—NO TREES
Taiga
Taiga
taiga (ty-guh)
• Land covered by coniferous trees.
• Long, cold winters with little precipitation, but warmer and wetter summers.
• Ave. temp. 14-60oF; ave. rainfall 12 in.
• Plants include evergreen trees such as pine, fir, and spruce (coniferous forests)
taiga (ty-guh)
• Deer, elk, caribou, wolves, moose, black bears, shrews, other rodents, and migratory birds.
• Some animals migrate to warmer climates in the winter; some hibernate
• A cold forest of coniferous trees.
Biome Located near Temperature (hot, cold, moderate)
Rainfall(high, low, moderate, fewer than 10 in./year)
Plant and animal species(many, few, most, least)
20. taiga The tundra (one level down)
Cold winters, cool summers
Low amounts of rainfall
Some plant and animal species—A FOREST OF CONIFER-OUS TREES
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Temperate Deciduous Forest
• Land covered by deciduous trees.
• Moderate temperatures (average 50oF)
• Abundant rainfall throughout the year. (average 30-60 in.)
• Four distinct seasons.
temperate deciduous forest
• Mostly deciduous trees such as beech, oak, maple, elm, hickory and some coniferous trees.
• Animals include earthworms, birds, white-tailed deer, foxes, squirrels, raccoons, etc.
• Deciduous trees.
• Georgia is located in this biome.
Biome Located near Temperature (hot, cold, moderate)
Rainfall(high, low, moderate, fewer than 10 in./year)
Plant and animal species(many, few, most, least)
21. Temperate deciduous forest
GA! Eastern half of the US is TDF. The central part is temperate grassland.
Cold winters, warm summers (4 distinct seasons with temperature variations)
Moderate rainfall (all year round)
Many plant and animal species
Temperate Grasslands
Temperate Grasslands
temperate grassland
• Covered with grasses, not trees;
• found at the same latitude as temperate deciduous forests
• Not enough rain to support many trees.
• Ave. temp -40-70oF; ave. rainfall 10-30 in.
• Grasses such as wheat. Scattered trees.
• Also called pampas, steppe or veldt.
temperate grassland
• Mostly grazing animals like antelope,, bison/buffalo; also prairie dogs, coyotes skunks, badgers, and songbirds.
• Called the “Bread baskets of the world” because of the crops grown there. (cereals—wheat, barley, corn)
• Great Plains in the US/prairie
Biome Located near Temperature (hot, cold, moderate)
Rainfall(high, low, moderate, fewer than 10 in./year)
Plant and animal species(many, few, most, least)
22. Temperate grasslands
Central US; same latitude as TDF; called the Breadbasket of the World
moderate low to moderate
Many plant and animal species; FEW TREES
Tropical Grasslands
Savanna
tropical grassland or savanna
• a grassland biome near the equator
• Warm temperatures (~70o F)
• Wet and dry seasons
• Dry 4” of rain, wet 15-25” of rain
• Grasses, shrubs, and a few trees
• Animals like zebras, giraffes, wildebeest, gazelles, lions, leopards, elephants
• Where the zoo animals live. (Lion King)
Biome Located near Temperature (hot, cold, moderate)
Rainfall(high, low, moderate, fewer than 10 in./year)
Plant and animal species(many, few, most, least)
23. Tropical grassland/ savanna
The equator warm Moderate to low (wet and dry seasons)
Many plant and animal species; FEW TREES
Tropical Rain Forest
Tropical Rainforest
tropical rain forest
• Located around or near the equator.
• Land covered by tall trees and lush plant growth.
• Warm/hot temperatures year round 68-93oF
• high amounts of rain 50-260”
• Ferns, orchids, and tall (canopy) trees
• Parrots, snakes, frogs, monkeys, lizards
• Thousands of species of trees and other plants.
• Thousands of species of animals: monkeys, frogs, birds, insects, etc.
• A lot of rain and an astonishing variety of organisms.
• Produce 40% of Earth’s oxygen
Biome Located near Temperature (hot, cold, moderate)
Rainfall(high, low, moderate, fewer than 10 in./year)
Plant and animal species(many, few, most, least)
24. Tropical rainforest
The equator Warm/hot High (highest amount of rainfall)
The most plant and animal species
HO
T T
EM
PE
RA
TU
RE
CO
LDTUNDRA
SAVANNA- Tropical Grasslands
TROPICAL RAIN FOREST
TAIGA
TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST
LOW RAINFALL HIGH
top related