14.20 o8 c gaedtke
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Development and characterisation of a new fibre optic dosimeter
C. Gaedtke1, G. V. M. Williams1, S. G. Raymond2, J. Donaldson3, L. Greig3, and J. Steel3
• Materials: fluoroperovskites • Photoluminescence measurements• Optically stimulated luminescence• Radioluminescence studies• Fibre optic dosimeter• Characterization of dosimeter
1 SCPS, Victoria University, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand2 Industrial Research Limited, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
3 Blood and Cancer Centre, Wellington Hospital, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, New Zealand
Materials – Fluoroperovskites • Motivation: Searching for new materials
that have good transparency, high sensitivity, and with a response to radiation that is comparable to that of tissue.
• NaMgF3:Eu2+, NaMgF3:Mn2+, Rb:MgF3:Eu2+, RbCdF3:Mn2+
Zeff = 7.6 for tissue
Zeff = 10.43 for 0.1 % Mn2+ in NaMgF3
Zeff = 12.33 for 0.05 % Eu2+ in NaMgF3
Zeff = 31.5 for 0.2 % Eu2+ in RbMgF3
Zeff characterizes a materials response to low
energy x-rays (α Z4/E3 for photoelectric effect)
• Transparent polycrystalline samples are made by mixing the starting materials in stoichiometric ratio in a glassy carbon crucible
• samples were heated slightly above the melting temperature and then slow cooling down to below the melting point
Orthorhombic fluoroperovskite structure
Materials – Fluoroperovskites
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radioluminescence (RL) measurements
X-irradiation
conduction band
valence band
A+
electronX-rays
A0
(A0)*
hole
F
photostimulated luminescence
photo-stimulation
A0
(A0)*
OSL emissionIrradiation, trapping and RL
Photoluminescence measurements
8S7/2
6P7/2
6P5/2
4f65d(Eg)
Wav
enum
ber
Q
Eu2+ configurational coordinate diagram in NaMgF3:Eu2+
NaMgF3:Eu2+
PL excitation and emission from NaMgF3: 0.2% Eu2+ bulk material in phosphorescence mode
Photoluminescence measurements
Eu2+ configurational coordinate diagram in RbMgF3:Eu2+
RbMgF3:Eu2+
PL excitation and emission from RbMgF3: 0.2% Eu2+ in phosphorescence mode
Photoluminescence measurements
Energy levels of Mn2+ in a crystal field 10Dq
PL excitation and emission in phosphorescence mode
NaMgF3: 1% Mn
RbMgF3: 5% Mn
Optically stimulated luminescence
OSL measurements of Eu2+ doped samples in phosphorescence mode after 18 hours of irradiation with the 241Am source
RbMgF3: 0.2% Eu2+ NaMgF3: 0.2% Eu2+
Optically stimulated luminescence
OSL measurements of Eu2+ doped samples in phosphorescence mode after 18 hours of irradiation with the 241Am source
RbMgF3: 5% Mn NaMgF3: 1% Mn
Radioluminescence
NaMgF3: 1% Mn2+
irradiation over the weekend RbMgF3: 0.2% Mn2+
irradiation overnight
RL measurements of Mn2+ doped bulk materials during irradiation with the 241Am source
RadioluminescenceRL measurements of Eu2+ doped bulk materials during irradiation with the 241Am source
RbMgF3: 0.2% Eu2+
irradiation overnight NaMgF3: 0.2% Eu2+
irradiation over the weekend
RadioluminescenceRL measurements of Eu2+ doped nano particles (pressed into small pellets) during irradiation with the 241Am source
NaMgF3: 1% Eu2+
irradiation over the weekend
Radioluminescence (RL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurments
• Real-time radiation dose and dose rate for radiation protection, non-destructive testing, and in medicine for monitoring radiation dose during radiotherapy or for dose verification and validation
• Advantages of OSL dosimeters: • Retains dose information for a long
time• Higher sensitivity than organic
scintillators • Different shape of materials, can be
made as nano particles, bulk transparent polycrystalline materials or 2D sheets
• Can be nearly tissue equivalent
E.G. Yukihara and S.W.S. Mc Keever, „Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry in medicine“, Phys. Med. Biol., 53, R351, (2008)
Fibre optic dosimeter
Exposure to 10.5 µGy/s 241Am 60 keV γ-rays, then OSL stimulated at 505 nm
We have a patent on the fluoroperovskite materials and a patent application on the device.
Characterization of the fiber optic dosimeter
• Different fluoroperovskite compounds have been attached to the end of an optical fibre. Tested using the 241Am source at IRL and the linear accelerator at Wellington hospital operating at 6MV
• Second set of measurements involved collaboration with the Wellington Hospital medical physicists
• Can be used in different modes:– Total dose readout: will reset the dosimeter– Latest dose readout: when there is a series of irradiation, readout of each irradiation is
possible– Pulsed dose rate monitoring: IR stimulated pulsed OSL– Continual low dose rate monitoring: RL– Continual high dose monitoring: RL and blue stimulation
Characterization of the fiber optic dosimeter
Recent RL measurements at Wellington Hospital with the bulk materials
Setup at Wellington Hospital showing the linear accelerator
Summary
• response to radiation that is comparable to that of tissue• Fluoroperovskites show good PL, OSL and RL response and therefore used
in application • Characterisation in Wellington Hospital showed that bulk materials have a
linear response to dose• Further studies on nano particles as RL signal is dose independent• Characterization of our fluoroperovskites at linear accelerator at
Wellington Hospital
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