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12 JANUARY 201012 JANUARY 2010
11.15-12.35 PM11.15-12.35 PM
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Systematic approach used by
scientist to investigate a
phenomenon
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1. Making observation
2. Making inference
3. Identifying the problem
4. Making hypothesis
5.Identifying variable
6. Controlling variable
7. Planning an experiment
8. Collecting data
9. Interpreting data
10. Making conclusion
11. Writing report
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Classifying
EXAMPLE
Using observations to groupobjects or events according tosimilarities or differences.
SAMPLE SIMILARITY DIFFERENT
AB
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Communicating Using words or graphic symbolssuch as tables, graphs, figuresor models to describe an
action, object or event.TEMPERATURE
( C)
SOLUBILITY OF SALT
SALT X (g) SALT Y (g)
30 5 7
40 10 14
50 15 21
60 20 2870 25 35
EXAMPLE
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Definingoperationally
Defining concepts by describingwhat must be done and whatshould be observed.
EXAMPLE
Experiment of state of matter.
What is a concept that we use to describethe state of matter?
The kinetic theory of matter
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Predicting Stating the outcome of a futureevent based on prior knowledgegained through experiences orcollected data.
When the temperature is increases, what happen
to sugar in the water?How about we using the salt?
both have a same result or not?
EXAMPLE
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Arrange the steps of theScientific Method in correct order
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A group of students conducted anexperiment to determine the effect of
temperature in dissolving sugar in water.
EXPERIMENT 1
(A) State all the variables involve
(B) State a suitable unit to record the
manipulatedvariable in this experiment.
C Tabulate a table to record the collected data
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EXPERIMENT 2
The table below shows the mass of two salts,X and Y that dissolved in 100 cm of water atdifferent temperatures.
TEMPERATURE
( C)
SOLUBILITY OF SALT
SALT X (g) SALT Y (g)
30 5 7
40 10 1450 15 21
60 20 28
70 25 35
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(a)State all variable in the aboveexperiments
(i) the manipulated variable
(ii) the fixed variable
(iii) the responding variable
(b) Plot a graph of the solubility of salt X
and Salt Y against temperature on thesame graph
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(A) i) manipulated variable- temperatureof water
ii) fixed variable-the volume of water, thesize of the sugar
iii) responding variable- the mass of the
dissolved sugar(B) Degree of Celsius, ( C)
(C) T/( C) 30 40 50 60 70
Mass/ g
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a) i) temperate of water
ii) Volume of wateriii) mass salt that dissolves in
100 cmof waterb) Mass of salt (g)
Temperature (C)20
Y
X
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Being honest andaccurate in
recording andvalidating data
Being responsibleabout the safety of
oneself, others, andthe environment.
Having critical andanalytical thinking.
Being objective &
Being systematic.
Being confidentand independent
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Prevent accidents
Ensure a clean working place
Obtain a fair and accurate result
Inculcate good and positive values
Stimulate interests and curiosity inscience
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SCIENTIFIC METHODREPORT
1. State the
problem2. Hypothesis
3. Variable
4. Equipments
5. Material
6. Technique
7. Datacollection
8. Discussion
9. conclusion
STEPS
Systematicapproach usedby scientistto investigatea phenomenon
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